Papurau Newydd Cymru
Chwiliwch 15 miliwn o erthyglau papurau newydd Cymru
20 erthygl ar y dudalen hon
THE MARKETS.
THE MARKETS. -c, MARK-LANE.—MONDAY. both^rom mf^-et t°"da>' the receipts of English wheat not rl an<* kent were but moderate. There was nlP« Vh sughtest improvement in the condition of the sam- (iii'ft i of t^e supply on the stands being of very damp quality. From this cause millers showed no disposition to operate, and the trade, therefore, was very slow. The small °f good and fine produce on oiler was disposed of at the full prices of Monday last; but damp qualities were very unsaleable, a large proportion being left unsold at the close of the market. The supply of foreign wheat on sale was moderately good. In most descriptions a fair business was transacted, and prices ruled firm. Heating cargoes of grain were in full average request at full quotations. With barley the market was moderately supplied. The trade for all quali- ties was very quiet, yet no material change took place in prices from Monday last. The demand for malt was in a sluggish state, at late rates. The supply of oats on sale was but moderate. The trade, nevertheless, was by no means active, and the prices of Monday last were steadily supported The supply of beans on sale was only moderate. The trade was steady at previous quotations. Foreign, more especially Canadian, peas being ottered freely, the demand, generally, ruled inactive, at about late rates. Owing to the laro-p nV rival of English qualities the flour trade was in a shiWioii state at about previous quotations. °° METROPOLITAN CATTLE MARK EX. Monday There was a moderate supply of foreign stnpi- "• our market to-day. Amongst it were 36o Spanish „flri peL.ln guese beasts, and 200 shorn sheep from IIol aml rh ^U" generally, was very middling and sallf^ 9le quality, depressed currencies. The~arrivals of at our own grazing districts, as we 1 °s tr°m seasonably good. The qualitv of tC i Scotland, were bited a decided improvement ™ English breeds exhi- vious weeks. The Scotch U ? pared with several pre- The order prohibiting the removal nfv!'° remarkably prime, districts for the purpose beasts into the country fluence upon the tra,lp had a depressing in- the quotations of from t fceavy, at a decline in rior Scots and cro«P^i5r per ilb- A few very supe- figure was 4s. 8d per lilf Thp b,ut,the general top still sending forwir^ f Ijltncoln&hire graziers are supply of sheen woe > i a?Lm; Altll0USh the total heavy, andthemmt r *or a11 breeds was The best A^ ? ;0Ii!Pvc way from 2d- to 4d- Per Sib. to 0s Cd ner Klh & TI f were disP°sed °l at 6s. 2d. on Vik.wI lhs few calyes °n offer were sold readily were a ?nS~V1Z'' /r?nl Js' 6d" t0 r,s- sd- Per Sib. Pigs moderate qmi7' drooping Prices- The supply wfs POTATOrS. The supplies of potatoes on sale at thes e marV,M-c ably large. The trade is dull, and OTicos «T-P^ t0^er* The supplies are almost entirely confine,! tn ], at easier, duce. There was no iri.poi t inL??),^?! 1 ome-grown pro- Regents, 40s to 70s Y or Relive week. Scotch 80s to 100; Rocks, 40s to GO i I 0 SOs; 1,,]ukes. 50s per to*. ° 00 kent aud Essex Regents, 60s to noPS. leadingtcTarivm^'t^' ¥n,ds °' )l0Ps ruled quiet, lint without Lmoorts I uhange in prices from last week. The from 011 week amounted to 83 bales on +„ Bremen, 03 Hamburgh, 55 Boulogne, and 36 from Dunkirk. KewMid and East Kent 80s to JHOs N ew -t A A/ Rent, 70s to 12Cs; NewSussex, 60s to 112s; Yearlings 100s to 140s per cwt WOOL. The demand for home-grown wool has somewhat improved, but the actual business doing is very moderate. Prices how- ever, are steadily supported. In colonial produce, byprivate contract, a limited business has been transacted, at late rates. Last week's import into Lo ndtm was about 2,0(.0 bales, the bulk of which was from the Cape of Good Hope. Fleeces Southdown hoggetts, Is 8id to is lOd: half-bred ditto, J s Hid to 2s oid Kent fleeces, Is llt to 2s Ojd Southdown ewes and wethers, Is 7 £ d to Is 8id Leicester ditto, Is lOAd to 2s- Sorts; Clothing, Is Cd to ls lOd; combing, is 5d to 2s per lb.
A CURIOUS CEREMONY.
A CURIOUS CEREMONY. London, on Friday morning, was performed the an- ceremony of the "Pyx," and as it is a proceeding is interesting to all, we extract; the following account romthe columns of the Times:— s very ancient custom, which literally may be o date from time immemorial, for none can trace ;ertainty the period when it was first established, ormally observed in the presence of the Lord iellor and other high functionaries of State, at Sees of the Controller-General in Old Pal&ce- The ceremony of the Pyx is, of course, of the outine and formal kind. At one, and indeed no istant, time it occurred yearly long age it was broughfourtimes in the year. Now, however, it akes place at intervals of five, six, or seven The last ceremony of the Pyx was in 1861, and that there had been none since 1854, and it is -obable that we shall not have another again for or ten years to come. A passing notice of its ie, therefore, may be interesting, if only as illus- 19 the tenacity with which old customs and old tre adhered to in this country, even when the iate of their origin is lost in the twilight of tra- The ceremony of the Pyx has nothing Romish it, as its name would seem to imply, beyond that 3 instituted at a time when any other religion ;he Romish was as little thought of as the doc- of Mahomet. The ceremony is virtually nothing ior less than a sort of trial of the Master and » of the Mint, to ascertain if the coinage which ave issued is pure and standard gold and silver ling less than their fair weights, and with no- nore than their proper quantities of alloy. The atuary mention of the custom is made in an Act in th-e first year of the reign of Edward III., directs that the ceremony of the Pyx—that is, ay of the specimen coins deposited in the pyx -shall be made before the proper officers of the four times every year. Even this statute, ir, says in its quaint old Norman French that imination shall be made according to ancient a statement which sufficiently shows that that period it was long established. From It has been traced back to the reign of Henry II., gh even then nothing was found to show that it not existed before that again. Until the Civil and the Commonwealth the quarterly exami- 'ns of the coin were continued regularly; after they gradually became half-yearly, then annual, biennial, till now, as we have said, they only r itt irregular intervals of several years apart. mfrequency of examination of the coinage is, ver, not due to any neglect of supervision, but f to the increase of it. In bygone times, when oor trick of debasing the coinage was as common ledy as forced loans and much more common than axes, the ceremony of the Pyx was a necessary lard which the people extorted from the Crown. aeedless to say how long this state of things has j to exist, and the system of checks at the Mint uch for every pound of gold delivered so many eighted sovereigns must be returned, has arrived :h perfection that fraud has become impossible, ie ceremony of the Pyx is now as much an empty is the Nolo Episcopari of Bishops elect. )arently the word was first used as applied to .X used in the Roman Catholic Church in which Dsecrated Host was kept. In that Church, how- t has gradually been transferred to the chalice rhich the Communion is administered. This pyx lice is now regarded in the Romish Church as a of peculiar sacredness, which none but the can touch. People in olden times used to swear and it is generally believed that the old saying ease the pigs" is nothing more than a modern tion of "please the PTX." ]aro, e or box latterly used by the Mint is a much the i °ne-11 formerly, and this again accounts for itg intervals between which the examination of Hotifi is made' for until the Master of toe Mint ttion t0 the Privy Counc.il that it is full, no cere- into ?uCan held* The box is a plain iron safe divided OQP F COMPartments, two for silver coinage and each gold' is secure(l by three intricate locks, disf- °Pened by different keys, which are intrusted to *he TVpfc at the heads of the chief branches of ano-f lnt' n^n the upper lid a ?e carefully protected Un Tvi es which allow the money to be put in, but by is tjf.eans Permit of its extraction. The way it is filled gyt 13 Each milling of either gold or silver, and its coinage, is called a "journey," a mere cor- ^oiv'a °ld French term a journee, or day's Sll -A- Jturnee, or day's work, was in old times of ^R0Sed to mean the melting of 151b. of gold, or 601b. er. Now, however, these te^ms aremefely arbi- rary as to the quantity coined, and vary from as low is e UP to 300, while in silver the variation e greater, though the amount of mintage is of th e.^finitely less valuable. From each and all of these journeys, no matter how small or large, speci- fr "Cf.lin* of each denomination that have been made <ja+ are deposited in the Pyx, marked with the th ? and number of the pyx or crucible from which *ill tb^o6 smelted. Since the 31st of .December, 18G1, inp- k I?ecember, 1865, this process of deposit- T\J\as been going steadily on from day to day till the yx became full, and when brought up on Friday for ae-p nns/s representative specimens of a coin- age of 34,927,008^ 8s. 0^d. m gold and 1,5»G,100/. lis lOd ■la surer. In silver. The formal proceedings of Friday were as follows a.ad commenced at 9 o'clock :-The officials present Consisted of the members of the Privy Council who constitute the Court of Pyx, not less than rive being P^ent f°rm a quorum, of whom the Lord Chan- Ar°rn1S °ne' and ac';s as President. The Duke of xras ^J°rd Privy Seal, was also present the H a T5°n" ^r" p0f!Chen, M.P., the Eight Hon. Mr. %ir l\'TCe> Tyice-President of the Privy Council unbar, Controller-General of the Ex- the C a + o p-on- tile Serjeant-at-Arms attending in attend6 ■ The Queen's Remembrancer was Graham ??6 to administer the oath, with Professor Master ^*aster of the Mint, the Queen's Assay and Wardens of the Goldsmiths' them fr their clerk and the jury returned by amonkf of their company, and including officials w 4 Assay Master. When all these load nf?6 assembled, the massive Pyx containing the tahl« having previously been deposited on the riffUV yueen's Remembrancer took his place on r edrlght hand of the Controller of the Exchequer and ^hich if 0 names °f the jury in attendance after forerrTo °?ce administered the oath first to the lows a then to the jury. The oath is as fol- ti°n nioi-f a Tl/ after your knowledge and discre- tru]v r„_ the essiiys, of these moneys of gold and silver, and c°r'iinn-ftv. sal rnone>'s he ill weight and fineness ac- alsn f tu ^ueen s standard in her Treasury for coins, lug .} the same moneys be sufficient in alloy and accord- 10 t e covenants comprised in an indenture thereof, eari atet e 6th day of February, 1817, and made between Is Al' y King George III., of the one part, and the Right 0G4' "ham Wellesley Pole of the other part. So help you Thi. °3'th having been taken by the foreman and the tI the Clerk of the Goldsmiths' Company then read its 111 such extracts from the indenture as explained l*ature and the matters contained in it to which ciiai-1 aPP^ec'- The Lord Chancellor then briefly an i ^?dt he jury upon the importance of their functions, ^rtually gave over into their custody all the ifficers Mint, until by finding the correctness of the coin fitted to their essay, both in weight and fineness, 7 should deliver their verdict of acquittal. Notice as then given, through their foreman, that the jury r ould_ deliver their verdict at Goldsmiths'-hall on the •allowing day. The actual process of the essay is as Allows '— The whole mass of gold and silver coin in the Pyx is rolled jMer enormous pressure into two distinct masses of ingots, he metal of each being completely mingled and welded to- other. A piece is then cut off from the end of each ingot, passed between rollers till it is made into a long and nar- plate about the thickness of a shilliflg. A number of 3ah pieces are then cut off each plate, and all are weighed %bi 8reate3t accuracy, and placed upon a piece of paper, ,ich is numbered, and the weight of the standard metal ? uPon it- Each piece of metal is then placed in a acirtt ott,e fixed in hot sand baths, and filled with sufficient fljjg p ,extract and dissolve the alloy. When nothing but the tle a i or silver remains, each piece is taken out of its bot- a,. at carefull weighed, when the weight of the fine me- l'he s again i itten down on the paper bearing its number. IlltelrOportion of gold'or silver and alloy can thus be calcu- -frorii tv! accurately determined in a number of cases, and ^etii a J,lst result is obtained of the proportion of fine 1 and of alloy in the whole of the money in the Pyx, and iej)* fluently of the amount in the whole coinage which they stanHSetV'' J'he same process is applied to the trial pieces of l>oSe "(i £ °ld and silrer delivered to the jury for this pur- atid the same results of the proportions of fine metal aMt>y ought to be obtained, in order to prove thecom- <lict accucacy of the essay, and to ensure a satisfactory ver- °l the requisite lineness of the gold and silver coinage. i8 ^he essay a very small variation in the standard th Mint indenture, and this is called t0 jn<! -Master's remedy." It is, of course, impossible actual chymical accuracy in a coinage so \Q orrnous as that of Great Britain, and the Mint in- ^inif"8 therefore allows by "the Master's remedy" a 3.1)0 variation, which, however, must never rise Jg °r sink below an almost nominal deviation. It this variation has never been of iv. 80 f'ar as the records extend, since the date teP» e "r«t Mint indenture in 1290. On gold the as- remedy or deviation in fineness was originally &P -th of a carat (l^dwts.) per lb. standard. It Viturf^in 1350 to l-6tli of a carat, and so continued variations, according as the coinage was V0l.r ?r less debased^ till 1815, when the standard was "^eic-Kf down to 1-16 of a carat, or 15 grains, both in oolght and fineneBs. This high standard of accuracy, **rnB,Ter' Was. a?ain reduced in 1817, when the Master's ay y was limited to l-20th of a carat, or 12 grains, ^11 t.ii° c°ntinues to this day, The Master's remedy it w f-r ^vas in 1279 at 2Jdwts. per lb. in 1350 w mi ted to 2dwts. both in weight and fineness, ±0 j/80 coatinued till 1815, when it was at once reduced Presett standard, and only a variation of ldwt. pwed in tte pound weight. th erhaps it may not be out of place to mention here of f; s':aildard gold, as it is termed, consists of 22 parts trovQe Sold with two parts of alloy in the pound— f 0lZ weight. The alloy of gold now used is copper; y was siiver- Silver is weighed by the pound of fi^ar4 and a pound of silver contains lloz. 2dwt. ^etaf S^V Gr' ar)d 18dwts. of mixed alloy to harden the Sover'- -Gfiording to these standards 46 29-40ths 8° to the pound weight troy, and exactly tur" ^he pound weight troy of silver. The Mint re- ttto ™ich are always investigated during the cere- fare Pyx, show that the gold coinage is, with the riexcerktions, almost entirely limited to sovereigns, silve umber of half-sovereigns struck being small. Of *Win u c°inaoe seems almost entirely limited to Of h»if !rllin"s' sixpences, and three-penny pieces, has k owns, and five-shilling pieces not a single one een struck apparently since 1861.
SECRETARY SEWARD'S LITTLE…
SECRETARY SEWARD'S LITTLE TRIP. the r?iir^Er^ ^eward has gone away in a steamer, and "^irouclff/'8'68 ^riP and his destination are alike '^vstfr-i, tln Profound, solemn, and almost awful 1he b ery (says the New York Herald). Whi'her can tiptoe evp6 vVhat is he to do? Curiosity stands on Wild eve where. The newspapers guess in a vagne, ^he puhi lat may be in the wind, and pass before ^exicnT5^, A Pan°rama of possibilities in which teJesm^k11 aximillian do tremendous duty. The •oae wP ^^adicts itself every half hour. Every sas thev1^8' ^U8t as men at Balaclava, just Zander i? Marlborough, the prince of coin- they ai jone to the war in Flanders ust as ««t im ^yS >when an occurrejice of the great- ""portaace maybe jumovwced <|^ny moment, and a stroke of vast statemanship may dazzle us like a comet. Meanwhile the Secretary goes on quietly in his little trip, holds his tongue very hard, and will enjoy the amazement with which the country watches his movements. His little trip is a success already. Mr. Seward has not had any good opportunity lately to figure very largely before the people. His occupa- tion is not absolutely gone; but the end of the war has belittled it sadly. He felt that he was playing a minor part, He was overslaughed (sic) in the great topic of reconstruction between Congress and the President. People were no longer willing to read his 10 column letters, and he saw that in the Senate there were other ideas on foreign affairs beside the Seward ideas. He resolved, like the boy in the thunderstorm, that something must be done. But what? That was the grand question and while his brain laboured at the programme for a sensation, why should he not take a little rest ? And how could he take it better than in a Government steamer on a voyage to the tropical summer? That would do, and the steamer was made ready, and, behold, this little trip answers the very purpose. It awakens curiosity, it excites interest, it keeps the Secretary's name in every mouth, and the papers are full of Seward, Seward, Seward. There is a great sensation, and the Secretary is once more the great man of the hour. Reconstruction is forgotten. Grant passes out of sight. Does any one venture an attempt to draw from the Secretary the secret of his voyage, how wisely he will shake his head and shut his mouth, as if to put a double guard on his tongue. How oracularly he will give out scraps of wise non- sense and shrug his shoulders For even Secretaries can sometimes be of that sort of men that "Do a wilful stillness entertain With purpose to be dressed in an opinion Of wisdom, gravity, profound conceit." He can be as wise as any one when saying nothing is a satisfactory evidence of wisdom. The Secretary will sip his sherry here and there in the Gulf- mayhap at Vera Cruz, perhaps even at St. Thomas with Santa Anna. And he will enjoy that sherry all the more when he considers the vast success that his little trip has had before the American people. But he will still be "reputed wise," for he will say nothing.
GUNPOWDER CHRISTIANITY.
GUNPOWDER CHRISTIANITY. What may be called "Gunpowder Christianity' appears to be vigorously practised in the southern hemisphere (says the Pall Mall Gazette). A British bishop and a band of missionaries cruise about zealously in a schooner called the Southern Cross, establishing missionaries wherever they consider the soil favourable for sowing the good seed. But it occasionally happens that the simple savages amongst whom they settle ap- preciate the persons of their fat and fleshy teachers more than their doctrines, and eat them, as the custom is in those anthropophagous latitudes. Then the bishop, who disapproves of martyrdom, makes a special visitation to the spot where one of his disciples I has been eaten, accompanied by a ship of war, and a dose of gunpowder Christianity is administered to the natives their provision grounds are destroyed, their fruit trees cut down, their villages burnt, and they themselves mown down by shot and shell. The Illustrated London News of Saturday last pub- lishes a sketch of one of these episcopal razzias, made by Bishop Patterson and H.M.S. Curacoa against certain villages in the New Hebrides, whose inhabi- tants are said to have preferred cold missionary to gospel truths. The result appears to have been very disastrous to the Hebrideans, although the News says that into the least cannibalistic of the two villages but 20 shells and a few rockets were thrown by the boats of the Curacoa. The objection to this new method of propagating Christianity is that the case against the savages is always ex parte, stated by angry and frightened missionaries who have been baffled in their hopes of conversion, and that the sort of chastisement administered is as likely to fall upon the innocent as the guilty. Besides, if missionaries will adventure amongst cannibals, they must make up their minds to be eaten a little at first, and not be vindictive about it. I Anthropophagy is the custom of the country. National habits cannot be cast off at a moment's notice-even to please Bishop Patterson and his fol- lowers and we have small doubt that a new Hebri- dean bon vivant sees no more harm in partaking of a joint of Brother —— than a Frenchman does to a dish of frogs or snails, or a. Chinaman to dog tart. Some years ago, we English used to be reviled by continental nations for eating our meat nearly raw it is by no means uncommon to hear a Parisian fashionable in a restaurant give the following order Garcon, un rosbif aux pommes, et qu'il soit bien saignant." Time brings about greater and more unexpected changes than gunpowder in the manners and customs of nations", and the well-meaning gentlemen who sail about in the Southern Cross ought not to te in such a hurry.
MELANCHOLY DEATH OF LORD ST.…
MELANCHOLY DEATH OF LORD ST. MAUR. With deep regret we have announce the death of Lord Edward St. Maur, the second son of the Duke of Somerset, under very melancholy circumstances (says the Bombay Times). His lordship arrived in Bombay from Marseilles in the Peninsular and Oriental Company's steamer "Jeddo on the 9th Nov. He became the guest of the Governor, and ac- companied his Excellency to Dharwar. His lordship there joined Shaw Stewart, Esq., Collector of Canara, and they travelled together on their way to Corwar. They were subsequently joined by Mr. Brand, an officer in the Guards, and by Mr. Walker, the civil engineer of the district. On the 14th instant, these gentlemen were out bison-stalking, but being in a jungly district could not keep close together. As he proceeded, Lord St. Maur came unexpectedly across a bear, at which he fired his pistol, lodging the con- tents in the breast of the animal. It then attacked him, when, drawing a sheathed stalking-knife, his lordship thrust it into the bear, inflicting a mortal wound. In the scuffle, however, they had both ap- proached a precipice, over which they together fell. Here the beaters came up and relieved Lord St. Maur from his adversary. His presence of mind did not for- sake hi .ii, and lie wrote with a pencil on the sheath of his knife (having no other appliances) to his fellow- sportsmen who were in the vicinity, informing them of his condition. They having arrived, a great difficulty was experienced as to removing him from the ravine into which he had fallen, and the only means of doing so was to set about clearing a pathway up to the high ground above. This being accomplished the poor sufferer was removed to Yellapoor, where an apothecary was found, who rendered all the service he could, and whose treatment was fully approved of on the arrival of Drs. Langley and Kilroy. They how- ever, had to be sent for, the one from Dharwar, the other from Belgaum this necessarily caused a delay of about seventy hours. Amputation of the leg was at once resolved upon, to which the sufferer submitted heroically. He soon, however, began to sink from the combined effects of the operation and the shock his system had sustained. He died on the 20th instant, at two p.m., and was buried at Yellapoor, near the spot where lies also buried a Mr. Carpendale, a young officer who died there a few years since. Lord St. Maur sustained his sufferings in a way that commanded the admiration, while it moved to deepest sympathy and grief, of the two or three friends who were at his side. He had every attention that the circum- stances admitted of and that human aid could render and he died as he had suffered, calmly and resignedly. Mr. Shaw Stewart was most earnest and unremitting in his attentions and watchfulness to his suffering friend. Lord St. Maur was on a visit to India for the purpose of observing the condition of the country and its people and acquiring that amount of knowledge on these sub- jects which an intelligent observation and an earnest inquiring mind invariably gather. We are well assured that the deceased nobleman was very earnest in his purpose, and was exceedingly desirous of acquiring such information as would be practically useful to him as opportunity would serve on his return to England. It was his full intention to have gone from Dharwar to Nagpore to be present at the exhibi- tion, but he changed his mind, and expressed his determination to visit Carwar to see the works both at that port and in its neighbourhood. It was on his way there that he engaged in the diversion which proved so lamentable in its result, Lord Edward Percy St. Maur was the second son of the Duke of Somerset, his brother Edward Adolphus Ferdinand St. Maur being the eldest son and heir pre- sumptive to the dukedom.
THE FIGHT GOES ON BRISKLY!
THE FIGHT GOES ON BRISKLY! The New York Fenians fully justify their claim to be con- sidered Erin's own sons in one especial particular. The same feeling which animates the genuine Irishman at a fair or a wake to knock his friend down for very love of him has taken strong possession of the brave patriots," who are making so much noise in New York. What with the rival presidents or Head Centres,"—whichever their high mightinesses choose to style theiiiselves-the senators, and the profound and chivalrous Sweeney,"—who by-the-bye is no Fenian at all, as his oath to the American government precludes his vowing allegiance to the Brotherhood "-the poor fellows who form the lower strata in this bubble will stand an excellent chance of finding in the end that they have been the cats'paws to supply these rapacious monkeys with hot chestnuts in the shape of something like 200,000 dols. a month, to keep up the farce of the "Irish republic," and in comfortable quar- ters in New York to carry on the little game of government" which will no doubt continue till supplies fall short, and the would-be governors" have to vacate their temporary thrones and fall down to the level of those who have been foolish enough to believe their bombastic rhodomon- tade which can never terminate in anything greater than a raid whereby many lives may be uselessly sacrificed, much money spent, and no imaginable good attained. The following account of their recent doings is taken from the New York correspondence of the Times: There is again a hubbub among the Fenians. The great "Congress" of the O'Mahoneys is in Session, and has resolved tremendous things, but the Senators do not seem to be frightened, and still snap their fin- gers in the face of the great O'Mahoney. This Con- gress, they say, has been packed by O'Mahoney, and will, of course, decide in his favour, and they warn their adherents against being cajoled by any such tricks. So the fight goes on as briskly as ever, and the 800 delegates who are deliberating or rather squab- bling in New York, only add to the fierceness of the quarrel. The Congress" sits, of course, with closed doors, outside of which stand a squad of soldiers de- tailed from the regiment commanded by O'Mahoney during the late war. These brave men keep off imper- tinent curiosity examine the credentials of all claim- ing admission; and kick down stairs about every tenth man on the charge of being a "British spy," a new name given to the adherents of the Senate. A file of policemen kindly furnished by the mayor of New York is also near by, to prevent the amiable Fenians from tearing each other's eyes out. As the Congress has before it most im- portant" business, it is of course necessary to spend much time in deliberations. Three days were required to effect a permanent organization, and then in grand style two delegates from Ireland were received, who brought a letter from Stephens, supporting O'Mahoney, and opposing Roberts. The O'Mahoneys thereupon styled the delegates "plenipotentiaries," and thanked Stephens for his very good judgment; but the Roberts- Senate party, with a slight difference of opinion, called them "jail-birds," and asserted that Stephens was playing the part of informer to the British Govern- ment, and had been permitted to escape as a reward for his treachery. So the Congress has not allayed the quarrel, nor has its latest action, in summoning the Senate before it. contributed to appease the irate "Senators," After the summons three of the "Senators," two of whom adhere to O'Mahoney, and the third is "on the fence," marched in and an- nounced that they had turned the twelve malcontents out of the Senate for treason, and three were all that was left of that august body. The twelve in the meantime solemnly voted the Congress a set of usurpers, and determined to hold on until grim death appeared. The quarrel thus goes on apace, furnishing indescrib- able amusement to the American public. Not a single proposition yet made has met the approval of any one in either faction, and this comes from the redoubt- able Sweeney, the Secretary of War," who is also "on the fence," and recently immortalized himself by modestly requesting the Fenians of both factions to trust neither President, but to send their money to him. This chieftian, who for harmonizing adverse interests to accomplish a trreat end deserves to be ranked with Pitt in your country and Clay in ours, has issued a proclamation, manife3toes and proclamations alone being suited to the elevated understandings of Fenians. The immortal Sweeney addresses his "fellow-country- men and brothers," tells them Ireland lies in fetters," and urges that this is no time for delay. In the name of God," cries Sweeney, do not waste your energies in intestine strife and vituperative scurrility; do not become the laughing-stock of future age™, but allow Colonel O'Mahoney and my- self each to work out his respective plan for the free- dom of Ireland." Thus heralded, the profound and chivalrous Sweeney announces the following "plan": — "plan": — The vast extent of the British dominions offers many vital points, and, as we cannot reconcile our views, let each army follow its chosen General and attack where his judgment tells him are the best chances of success. If, instead «f squandering our means in a suicidal family quarrel, we move against the common foe of our race, this division of our forces will only be another element of success. There will be two columns of attack, instead of a single one. There will be an application of the soundest principles of strategy, for we could assail at once both rear and centre, and prevent the enemy from concentrating in any one point to meet us. This is a campaign worthy of Napoleon or Grant, and the idea will, no doubt, be eagerly clutched by the quarrelsome Fenians. A slight difference of opinion, however, as to wTio shall occupy the rear ranks of the columns, there being rather too many aspirants^for those posts of supposed danger, will perhaps interfere with the early start of the rival expeditions. We trust, however, that if the Fenians conquer Ireland the credit of planning the decisive campaign will be given by its historian to the talented and astute Sweeney.
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The New York correspondent of the London Standard writing on the Fenians says The Fenians-at least the American body thereof-do not seem to be doing so much for the" liberation of Ireland as they are doing for the liberation and publication of various unpleasant facts heretofore concealed. Their Secretary of WJar has been solemnly pronounced no Fenian" by the Congress." He admits the soft impeachment, and in turn brands O'Mahoney as an usurper and the Congress as an humbug. The financial report of Mr. Bdorankilian (as he writes his name) is interesting as showing how the "bonds of the Irish republic" were originally prepared and put in the market; how the bulk of these" bonds" became so much waste paper by the resignation of the "agent" (Keenan); how it was discovered that a large amount of money, proceeds of the sale of the "bonds" had in some mysterious way been diverted from the "liberation" of Ire- land to the liquidation of the debts of the New York Tribune newspaper how it became necessary to issue new bonds," &c. Kilian abuses Roberts and Sweeney (the new "President" and "Secretary of War"), and winds up his j report" with a recital of the duties of Fenians.
,INSTABILITY OF AMERICAN SENTIMENT.
INSTABILITY OF AMERICAN SENTIMENT. The manner in which Edwin Booth was received on the Wednesday night is fair evidence of the instability of Americen sentiment (says a New York corre- spondent). Nine months have not elapsed since, in a Washington theatre, the brother of Edwin Booth assas- sinated the President of the United States. It is not necessary here to speak of the storm of mingled horror and wrath that swept over the country a storm that carried some of the Booth family into prison, that drove others into exile, and others still into apparently impenetrable retirement. The accursed name of Booth was made the text for violent appeals to popular prejudice in the columns of journals othertime calm, just, and rational. Eight months ago—aye, six months ago—if Edwin Booth had presumed so far upon the lull in popular passion, as to show himself upon the stage he would have been torn to pieces by an in- furiated mob. Now he is made a hero our citizens permit their sympathy for the sorrows of Edwin Booth to carry them almost to the extreme of worship of the man. But if Mrs. Lincoln, or her sons, were to appear in public, would the community rush to her or them the honour as they hastened to honour one who bears a name that is to her and them the unchangeable synonym for indescribable affliction ? ° The fact is—and I do not know whether the ad- mission will or will not be considered complimentary to my people—not only Mrs. Lincoln and her children, but the late President Lincoln, is forgotten by the mass. The circumstances attending his death invested the late chief magistrate, as it were, with a peculiar mist, which for the time concealed all the least pleasing traits of his character, his manners, and his bearing, as well as such of his actions as had caused the greatest division of popular sentiment. Mr. Lincoln's virtues were alone remembered the voice of reproach was silenced. Indeed, there was a complete suspension of criticism of any sort. This state of public feeling— whether an healthy one or not—no longer exists The acts of the late President are now commented upon with a freedom that seems surprising. The name, "Gid Abe," appears again. It is true, there is nothing of the abuse once showered upon Mr. Lincoln; but it is nevertheless true that the former subject of so much vituperation is now satirically spoken of in various quarters as "the good Mr. Lincoln," and "the martyr." Indeed, the latter expression has be- come a bye-word so mach so, in fact, that the journals which first attached it to Mr. Lincoln's name are now very chary in its use. Like the word "loyal," the word martyr has been done to death. I am very sorry to say it serves to turn many an idle jest. I suppose that this is the result of the relaxation from the unnatural strain put upon every man's mind by the terrible event of the 14th April last. To you, however, I cannot but believe that the thought of making the assassination of the President a mere butt for bad jokes must seem shocking. Probably, if an excuse were given by anybody for such a breach of decency, it would be that Mr. Lincoln himself set the example of turning everything into a jest. Indeed the predisposition of the Americans to make a joke upon every possible occasion is strikingly illus- trated in the comments of many of our newspapers over the supposed death of the somewhat famous Yankee humourist "ArtemasWard." On Saturday last a man, bearing the name of Artemas Ward was suffocated by coal gas in Boston. His wife lost her life at the same time. The fact was telegraphed to the country, whereupon in some of the journals of the interior, and in two metropolitan newspapers, ap- peared«headings like these, Artemas Ward's last if' A Ward;" "No more from yurse trooly, A. Ward," &c. Upon the strength of these intimations several journals have printed honestly- prepared obituary notices, in which the death of the humourist is lamented in touching terms, and which abound in eulogium upon the worth, social and other- wise, of the departed joker. The jocund Artemas" (Mr. Charles Browne) therefore has the usual privilege of reading his own obituaries and (possibly) his own epitaph.
GARDENING OPERATIONS FOR THE…
GARDENING OPERATIONS FOR THE WEEK. (From the GARDENERS' MAGAZINE.) Celery to be sown for early supply. A small pan of seed will be sufficient for the wants of the largest family for a first sowing. Let the soil be rich and ftne, the seed to be very lightly covered. If the soil is reasonably moist in the first instance, it will not require to be watered till the plants are up. To pre- vent evaporation, lay a square of glass over the pan after sowing the seeds. Rhubarb in the open quarters to have six inches of rotten dung heaped over the crown of each plant. Rhubarb may be planted now, and old stools may be divided.. Kitchen crops of every kind required for spring sowing may be sown in very small breadths, and with the exercise of judgment as to the prospects of the weather. Cabbage occupying plots of ground which will be required shortly for some other crop, may be taken up and laid in by the heels in some out-of-the-way place till wanted for the kitchen. As the plants do not grow at all at this time of year, noc for several weeks to come, the ground they occupy may be taken possession of at once if required to be got ready for another crop. This remark applies of course only to cabbages of a size fit for table, and that would pro- bably he cut for the kitchen during February and the early part of March store plants for planting out in spring must be left alone for the present. If any likeli- hood of requiring early supplies of summer cabbage, sow now a few of the early hearting kinds in boxes or pans, and start in a gentle heat. At the end of Feb- ruary these will have to be pricked out into a sheltered bed out of doors, or better still into a bed over which a frame can be placed for a few weeks to help them on and protect from frost. Cauliflowers. -Sow in boxes, and treat as advised in foregoing paragraph on cabbage, remembering that these are more tender in constitution, and will require a little more nursing. Lettuce.-Sow in boxes as advised for cabbage and cauliflower. Peas and Beans pushing through the ground need some protection both against frost and vermin. If the weather is mild and open. the best you can do for them is to sprinkle slightly with soot, or plentifully with wood ashes. This will keep off slugs and snails, which, if they wake at all now, are sure to search out the peas and beans for breakfast. If the weather is cold and likely to be severe, strew over them any light dry warm material that may be handy, such as chaff, waste hay, or even dry fine earth. In places exposed to the wind, branches of spruce thrust in aslant so as to overhang the rows will be protective, and may save many a promising piece of plant from destruction. Potatoes of early kinds that have made short, hard, purple sprouts in the full daylight may be planted at the foot of a warm wall, or in any other well-sheltered and sunny position for an early crop. To force potatoes it is only necessary to have a gentle bottom- heat from a large mass of fermenting material, a bed of light rich earth containing a good proportion of leaf-mould and charred rubbish, and some old frames and lights. Of course they must never be exposed to frost or excessive wet but as soon as the season is sufficiently advanced, they must have as much light and air as can be given with safety. It is not so im- portant to protect the roots from the steam of ferment- ing dung in fact the potato murrain may be engen- dered in a forcing frame by shutting the plants up close over a steaming hotbed. Pansies for exhibition will have to be repotted shortly, and it will be well to prepared for the opera- tion by providing suitable compost. The Pansy never thrives in a heavy soil in all the places where they master this flower they use a sandy loam, to which is added a good proportion of leaf-mould and some thoroughly decayed hotbed manure. Let the mixture lay up some time before using, as its qualities will thereby become better blended. As a recipe for a compost for pot Pansies may be useful to beginners, we advise that it consist of light hazel loam fwo parts, decayed turf from pasture-land or very sweet leaf- I moulded one part, two-year-old cucumber-bed manure one part, sharp sand one part. Tulips pushing through will need some protection to prevent injury by frost. Light soil heaped in cones over the plants will suffice; better still cones of cocoa- nut fibre refuse. Roses to be planted as soon as possible. In light soils, standards will thrive better if some clay is dug in with the manure. Roses on their own roots need a lighter soil than briars. "Roses will never thrive unless the ground is effectually drained, deeply stirred, and liberally manured. Tulips breaking ground now are likely to suffer by I frost. Heap cones of sand around them before the crowns open, and cover with mats on hoops while the weather continues severe. I Dahlias may be started in a gentle heat for cuttings. The simplest way is to lay the tubers on the soil over a tank in a propagating house, or on a bed of warm hops or dung, and when the shoots are two inches long take them off and strike them. Hollyhocks in cutting pots to have a shift to 48-sized pots, and the soil to be chiefly loam. Keep them in the greenhouse or warm pit for a week after shifting, then they may go to a cold frame. Strong plants in pots may be planted out. Evergreen Shrubs had best not be transplanted or in any way disturbed for a few weeks hence. After December we prefer not to move them till between March and May, as the ground is now so cold that they cannot make new roots in it. -Layering of hardy shrubs may be practised now for increase of stock, and to furnish the lower parts of specimens on lawns in cases where they have become unsightly through the loss of wood at the bottom. The operation is a very simple one. Draw down a suitable branch and peg it to the ground, to mark where the tongue should be cut. Then enter the knife on the under side and make an incision half through the wood, and turn the knife towards the top of the shoot, and cut a slit an inch or an inch and a half long. Remove a little of the soil, and peg the branch down with a bit of tile or pebble inserted in the cut to keep the tongue open, and peg it down firm, and cover the tongue with,an inch or two of soil. If the cut closes, the cut will probably heal; if it remains open. it will in the course of the summer emit roots, and may either be left to throw up new growth to increase the bulk of the specimen, or be removed to form an independent plant. Fruit Trees are on the move, so every delay now in planting and pruning will be injurious. Let any arrears of this work take precedence of every other. Wall Trees may now be pruned and nailed in. Use shreds as small as possible, and prepare the nails by making them red hot, and throwing them into oil. Planting must of course go on where it has not yet been completed, and in many places there will be a rush now that February is near at hand to get the work completed quickly, without much reference to the mode of doing it. But as the latter part of January is one of the most uncertain times of the whole year, the planter must be cautious, and avoid taking up more trees or making larger purchases than he can deal with quickly and completely, for in the midst of the work may come hard frost, a deluge of rain, or long-continued snow. Better let the trees lay in by the heels a few weeks than plant them unless the ground is really in a proper condition if the soil is wet or frozen, all the planting done will be badly done, and the trees will not prosper.
A HARBOUR OF REFUGE!
A HARBOUR OF REFUGE! The bark, "Beautiful Star," 455 tons, belonging to Sunderland, Captain Carr, and a crew 14 in number, was bound from Alexandria to Dover with a cargo of cotton seed for the Oil Seed Crushing Company. Although the bark had encountered very heavy gales from the N.W. during the passage, especially in crossing the Bay, she arrived safely off Dover on Thursday afternoon, and anchored, there being insuf- I' ficient water at that time of the tide for the vessel to enter. Business called the captain ashore, and there being some dispute between the owner and merchants, he was detained ashore until evening, when the sea was so rough that the captain was prevented putting back to his vessel. The bark ha.d in the meantime been moored to the Admiralty buoy, three quarters of a mile off the port, and during a furious gale, she parted her moorings, and drifted towards the shore. The anchor was lowered; but as it would not hold, the ship continued to drift ashore, and was in fact in imminent peril of being stranded. Signal for assis- tance were made, and a harbour tug soon came. The mate, however, declined to take assistance, but requested those in the tug to go ashore and bring off the captain. At 4 '30 a. m. the tug returned with the captain of the bark, but there was too much sea to allow the captain to get on board. Accordingly, the captain signalled to the bark to bring a line from the ship to the steam tug. They had already lost one anchor, and the other being unshackled from the chains, the carpenter and crew set to work to shackle it on. While doing this a heavy sea struck the ship's bows, and brushed the four men of the crew from the fore- castle into the waist of the ship, and the carpenter overboard. Lifebuoys were thrown over to the poor fellow as he was struggling with the waves, but he fa led to reach either of them. The small boat wa« thfTi lowered and the matli c-Jled out for volunteers to go in and sxva the drowning man. When haif-way down a heavy sea struck 'he boat, and the men then refused to ¡¡e't icit > it. The boat then bi-comiog un- hooked from the tackles, th" mats (Rub rt W&lket) jumped into it, a Siilor nam.>d JaaJ's Freeihbting the olllv oth"r oae who ventured in. Before clearing the blÚ: a heavy sea da-hed the boat sgainst the sh'o, stove it, in, and balr filled it with wat-r, the fa',e of the two gallant f ?Ho*s in is appeared, like tha". of the carpenter's, to be inevitable. On board the baik they rung the bell, and th1* men in the b )at ca^Ld aloud to let those in the tug know that there weie men over- board but the wind blowing hard, they appear not to hav* lizard the sound. The poor carptntar sunk beneath th* waves, and was never more seen. His name was Clark, and he belonged to Plymouth. Tin two mf-n in the boat, oa her drifting from the bark, Buceeded in getting her hpad before the sea, Freeth pulling the lee oar, while Walker baled out th- water with his boots. The boat then drifted 'owards the shore, the sea making a complete breach over her, so that the poor fellows expec'ed every moment \as^- But with tenacious courage they battled with the waves, nobody hearing their cries for assistance until seven o'clock, when their broken craft rSief 6 °nf beach fronting the Marine- P°°r fe.llows being thoroughly exhausted and lying he'pless m the water. Fortunately tney were then observed in their perilous position by Morris Potter and Coastguardsman Wakefor.l, who, rushing to t'leir assistance, rescued them from the water. The two men v-ere then taken to the Dover Sailors' Home, w ere they were supplied with dry clothing and every necessary for their sustenance and comf, rt and re- mained to await instructions from the bark, which it is supposed had drifted back to the Downs
IA BRILLIANT SCENE IN PARIS!
A BRILLIANT SCENE IN PARIS! The ball in Paris was as brilliant and macniftcent as are all Court entertainments under the present regime I give you the itinerary, as it may interest those who have not endured the fatigue of attending the summons conveyed to you by a hu^e card, which ju,i card you are bound to re- produce on the bah night (says the Paris eorresnondent of the Morning Star, from whom we are quoting)7 On quitt ng your carriage you find yourself ina spacious vestibule, chiefly occupied by servants in every con- ceivable livery, who there await their masters' orders. If you have not already been presented to their Majesties, you turn to the left, but if that ceremony is a memory of the past, you proceed with the great mass to the right, and ascend the crimson carpeted staircase lined by the magnificent men of the Cent Gardes whose brilliant uniforms and flittering cuirasses add not a little to the general effect. The corps, as you are aware, are composed of picked men in whose trustiness and fidelity the utmost reliance can be placed. Each man in the corps is devoted to his Emperor, and to belong to it is a title of distinction and an earnest of rapid promotion. Two officers are in charge of the company on duty at the palace, and are distinguished from the rest of their corps present as guests bv wear- ing their helmets during the evening. Guard is re- lieved about one in the morning. A luckless officer deep in a flirtation may be seen suddenly to tear him- self from his fascinating companion, join his fellow victims, deliver the cabalistic password to the relief guard, and disappear to his own intense disgust. I But to return to my itinerary. On reaching the head of the staircase, you deliver your card of invita- tion to the Duke de Bassano's secretary, and enter the first saloon, devoted to the subaltern officers, as well as their wives and families, of various regiments quartered in Paris, for whom a separate band performs, and supper is served, but they are not permitted to quit this saloon to mix with the general company. Through this dense crowd you push as best you may and reach the Salle des Marechaux, where the sound of music is suggestive of dancing but this idea is only realised under difficulties. It is true that in front of the throne chamberlains in scarlet and gold with praiseworthy energy endeavour to keep a space clear, which speedily becomes smaller and beautifully less till dancing is im- possible. The scene is, however, brilliant in the extreme. Imagine that noble salle lighted al giorno and crowded as it was last night by women blazing with diamonds and dressed as French women alone know how, and by men in uniforms of every nation and of every hue, and you must admit that it is a sight worth some fatigue. Remarkable among the crowd are the tall forms of the Morocco ambassadors robed in the rich mellow white of their Burnous, of which graceful gar- ment the capuchon was worn over their heads, their poetic aspect somewhat marred, however, by very old yellow slippers, and particularly slovenly drawn stock- ings. Specially courteous to these sons of the south is young Prince Hohenzollern, over whose white uniform is slung a strange-shaped cape of dark sable, more pe- culiar than agreeable, I should say, on a ball night. The Emperor, in his general's uniform, looks well, but awfully bored, and I do believe has yawned more than once. He is speaking to blue-eyed Princess Hohenzollern, whose dress of costly Alencon lace over azure sets off her fair Coburg colouring and golden hair. The crowd breaks in two lines, as sweeps past, scattering bon viots and bestowing gracious smiles, the witty Austrian ambassadress, her train of black tulle and roses measuring full four yards. She speaks for a moment to a lady in startling attire an amber satin petticoat, a jacket of fur-coloured velvet, fringed with brown and white do<r-skin, a coiffure sparkling with diamonds, evidently copied from [sabey's Empress Josephine," is the costume in which the diplomatiste Princess Korsakow has been pleased to appear. Her story, by-the-bye, is worth listening to. The old prince had immense estates, which he en- trusted to his intendant's management. The latter managed so cunningly as to acquire gradually but surely the whole property himself and buy out the prince, who, to reacquire the family property, mar- ried his only son to the intendant's daughter—she of the amber and green costume. Another move in the crowd. Preceded bv their chamberlains, their majesties pass on their way to visit the salle reserved for the subaltern officers and their families. Very lovely, but somewhat careworn, looks the gracieusc Empress trailing ivies fall over a tulle dress, of which the front is covered by the Impe- rial bee—not a golden bee, but a brown, buzzing, working bee; a scarf of golden tulle, worn sashwise, and floating around her slight figure, while the crown diamonds sparkle, and blaze a butterfly, in diamonds, is placed on her, and appears to have alighted on the coronet which encircles her exquisite head. Prince Napoleon is not with his Imperial cousins, and I note the presence of Princess Mathilde and of f'f ,^urtem:berg prince who fought at Solferino at the head of his Austrian regiment. The absence of the Prefect of the Seine and of his family is caused by a fwn J a,fftctlon-, f?1 Cowley has escaped, and is already at home, but Lord and Lady Gray of Gray are here as are Lord and Lady Perth; and English beauty is well represented by stately Marechale Can- robert (nee Macdonald), and by Mrs. Miles, the latter more queen-like even than her fair compatriot in white and silver, and wearing a coronal of pearls. Her bus band s deputy-lieutenant's uniform is the only one of few En-lish.rem by"tlle-bye' there are very liut proceed we to the card-room, where around twelve tables superannuated dowagers and purblind generals appear thorougly to enjoy their rubber of whist, ecarte, &c. Beyond, in the throne-room, over the velvet and gold cushioned symbol of sovereignty two Cent Gardes continually mount guard, lost it might occur to one of the crowd to repose his wearied limbs within its luxurious depths. Thence the sup- per-room is reached, and right glad are we to put ourselves in charge of one of the hundreds of liveried footmen, who supply you with delicious champagne, truffle salad, salmis of ortolans, and every imaginable restorative for your exhausted nature, with a zeal and attention, which I for one cannot too gratefully acknowledge. One footman is told off for every three guests. The champagne is decanted and not iced, but of the finest Epernay. Three of the Emperor's pri- vate salons wereopen last niijht. The pictures of game in the green salon are noteworthy.
OPENING OF THE FRENCH CHAMBERS.
OPENING OF THE FRENCH CHAMBERS. The following is a translation of the speech delivered on Monday afternoon, by the Emperor Napoleon, at the opening of the French Chambers SENATORS: AND DEPUTIES,-The opening of the Legislative Session enables me periodically to lay before you the con- dition of the empire, and to express to you my views. As in preceding years, I shall examine with you the principal questions which "Merest our country. Abroad peace seems everywhere assured, for everywhere the means are sought of resol ving dilhculties in a friendly way, instead of settling them by arms. 6 The meeting of the French and English fleets in the same ports has shown that the relations formed on the battle field are not weakened; time has but strengthened the harmony of the two countries. With regard to Germany my intention is to maintain a policy of neutrality which with- out preventing us from sometimes lamenting and sometimes rejoicing, still leaves us strangers to questions in which our interests are not directly concerned »ffitaly,/r0grli^dJ)y.almostaI1 the European powers, has onhTpenfns.X w 1,rlaucuratinS her capital in the centre ot the Peninsula. We have reason to rely upon the scrunu- execu"on o^the treaty of the 15th September, and the indispcnsable maintenance of the power of the Holy Father The ties which attach us to Spain and to Portugal have been drawn still closer by the recent interviews with the sovereigns of these two kingdoms. You have shared with me the general indignation produced by the assassination of President Lincoln: and recently the death of the King of the Belgians has caused universal re- gret. in Mexico the government founded by the will of the d.WrseSl Cwf1n8itSeif' Jhe dissentients, overcome and f 10 a chlef- Tlle national troops have exhibited valour, and the country has found guarantees of iW,!onfC y which have developed its resources and to 77 nnnVnofC° Th161"06 wltl\ France alone from 2l,o00,000fr. to 77,000,00Of. Ihus, according to the hope I expressed last year, our expedition is approaching its end. f am coming to an understanding with the Emperor Maximilian in order to lix the date of the recall of our troops, in order that the return may be accomplished without compromising the French mterests which we went to defend in that distant country. North America, having issued victorious from a formidable struggle, has re-established the ancient Union, and solemnly proclaimed the abolition of slavery. France, which forgets no noble page of its history, offers sincere wishes for he prosperity of the great American republic and for the main- tenance of amicable relations, now nearly a century old The emotion produced in the United States by the presence of our army upon Mexican soil will be appeased by the frankness of our declarations. The American people will understand that our expedition, in which we invited them to take part, was not opposed to their interests Two nations equallj jea ous of their independence must avoid every step which would affect their dignity and honour P At home the tranquillity which has not ceased to prevail has enabled me to visit Algeria, where my presence will not, I hope, have been without effect in reassuring interests and establishing a more friendly intercourse between races My absence from France has besides proved that I could be replaced by a true heart and a lofty mind. It is in the midst of satMfied and confiding populations that our insti- tutions are vorklng. The municipal elections have taken place with the utmo.t order and the most complete freedom The mayor being the representative in the commune of the central power, the constitution has conferred upon me the ri^ht of choosing him from among the whole body of citizen but the election of intelligent and devoted men has everywhere enabled me to choose the mayors from the municipal councils The law on coalitions (strikes), which lias given rise to some ap- prehensions, has been carrted out with great im- partiality on the part of the government, and with modera- tion on the part of the persons concerned. The working- class, so intelligent, has understood that the more the faci- lities granted to it for discussing its interests, the irore it was bound to respect the liberty of each and the security of all. The inquiry which has taken place concerning co- operative societies has shown how just were the bases of the law which lias been presented on this important subject Ihis law will permit the establishment of numerous associa- tions for the benefit of labour and prudence. In order to favour their development I have resolved that the authorisa- tion required for meetings shall be granted to all those who desire, apart from politic, to deliberate in common on their industrial and commerical interests. This facility will be limited only by the guarantees which public order requires The state of our finances will show you, on the one hano, that the revenue continues in its progressive increase' while, on the other, the expenditure tends to de.rease. In the new budgets the accidental or extraordinary sources of revenue have been replaced by normal and permanent re- sources. The law upon the redemption of the debt which will be submitted to you, shows the establishment of certain revenues, and affords fresh guarantees to the creditors of the State. The equilibrium of the budget is secure i bv a surplus of revenue. In order to attain this result it was necessary to effect retrenchment in the greater part of the public services; among others, in the War Department. The army being upon a peace footing there was only the alternative of reducing either the regimental cadres or the effective. The latter measure was impracticable, since the regiments hardly mustered their necessary strength of men. The good of the service even suggested an augmentation. In suppressing the cadres of 220 companies, of 46 squadrons, and of 40 batteries, but at the same time transferring the soldiers of those companies and squadrons to other corps, we have rather strengthened than weakened onr regiments. As the natural guardian of the interests of the army, T would never have consented to those reductions if they had been calculated to deteriorate our military organization, or injure men whose services and devoted- ness I have been in a position to appreciate. The maintenance in due order of all the officers without com- promising or betraying their future, and the admission into administrative careers of officers and sub-officers whose term of service approaches completion, will soon re-establish the regular movements of promotion in the army. Every in- terest will thus be guaranteed, and the country will not have shown itself ungrateful towards those who have shed their blood for it. The budgets of public works and education have not under- gone any diminution. It was useful to keep up the fruitful activity of the grand undertaking of the State, and to maintain the energetic impulse of public instruction. Within the last few months, thanks to the devotion of the schoolmasters, 13,000 new classes for adults have been opened in the com- munes of the empire. Agriculture has made great progress since 1852. If at this moment it suffers from the lowness of the prices ot cereals, this depreciation is the inevitable consequence of the overabundance of the crops, and not of the suppression of the sliding scale. Economical transforma- tions develope the general prosperity, but cannot anti- cipate particular grievances. I thought it was useful to open a serious inquiry into the state and the wants of agri- culture. This will, I am convinced, confirm the principles of commercial liberty, and facilitate the study of the proper means to diminish local sufferings and to realise new pro- gress. The course of our international transactions is not checked, and the general commerce, which last year was more than seven milliards, has increased by seven hundred millions. Amid this ever increasing prosperity a number of restless spirits, under the pretext of hastening the liberal progress of the government, attempt to hinder that pro- gress by taking from the government all power and all initiative. They seize upon a phrase borrowed by myself from Napoleon I., and confound instability with progress. The Emperor, declaring the necessity for the successive per- fection of human institutions, meant that the only durable changes are those which operate with time for the ameliora- tion of public morals. These ameliorations will result from the appeasement of passions, and not from untimely modifi- cations in our fundamental laws. What advantage can there be, in fact, in reverting to-day to what was rejected yesterday? The constitution of 1852, submitted to the acceptance of the people, undertook to establish a wise and rational system balanced upon the just equili- brium between the different powers of the State. It holds itself equally distant from two extreme positions. With a chamber deciding the fate of the ministers the executive is without authority and without spirit. It is without control too, if the elective chambers is not; ndopendeut and in the iiuaausoiun ui prerogatives. uur constitutional forms, which have a certain analogy with those of the United States, are not defective because they differ from those of England Each people must have institutions conformable to its genius and traditions. Each government, in truth has its defects, but in turning my regards on the past I con- gratulate myself upon seeing at the end of fourteen years France respected abroad, tranquil at home, without a political prisoner in its gaols and with no exiles beyond its frontiers. The nation has during eighty years sufficiently discussed govern- mental theories. Is it not more useful now to seek the practical mean* of improving the moral and material con- dition of the people! Let us employ ourselves in everywhere disseminating with the light of sound economic doctrines the love of what is good, and religious principles. Let us seek to resolve by freedom of operations the difficult pro- blem of the just distribution of productive forces, and try to ameliorate the conditions of labour in the fields as well as in the workshops. When all Frenchmen, nowinvested with political rights, have been enlightened by education, they will discern the truth without difficulty and not suffer themselves to be seduced by deceitful theories. When all those who live from day to day have seen the benefits resulting from assi- duous labour they will be the firm supports of a society which guarantees their welfare and their dignity. In short, when all have received from childhood those principles of faith and morality which elevate a man in his own eyes, they will knew that above human intelligence, above the efforts of scienoe and reason, there exists a Supreme Will which regulates the destinies of individuals as well as of nations.
VACCINATION FOR RINDERPEST.
VACCINATION FOR RINDERPEST. The vaccination of cattle is at present attracting so much attention that it may be interesting to make known the method adopted and the results obtained by observers throughout the country (says the Lancet). The information communicated may be of service to others who wish to have recourse to vaccination. And, in the first place, it may be well to state that' owing to the difficulty in obtaining vaccine lymph from the cow, that has not passed through the human sub- ject, the lymph employed has been almost invariably vaccine lymph from a child in the first instance- When this has taken effect, the lymph from one cow has been employed to vaccinate others. There is a common impression that the lymph of human variola is more potent; but, as already stated, the contrary is the fact. In most cases it will fail to produce any effect, whereas vaccine lymph from a child in the majority of cases seems to succeed. Mr. Fletcher, of Bromsgroye, Worcestershire, writes that he has been in the habit of vaccinating cows from time to time dur- ing the last 30 years, and that he has been "obtained satisfactory results in the ration of 75 per cent." His practice has been to insert three points at the junction of a teat with the udder. The operations never caused any great constitutional disturbance, but vaccine vesicles, not unlike those in a child, were produced, which, in the first instance, contained clear lymph. These vesicles reached maturity on the eighth day, or from that to the tenth but now and then they were fully formed on the fifth day, and by the seventh day all was a dry scab. Dr. Bellyse, of Nantwich, has been one of the most energetic and successful vaccina- tors of cattle during the last few weeks. It was he who vaccinated Mr. Tollemache's cows. He h,1s em- ployed vaccine lymph produced from the National Vaccine Institution, but mainly from Edinburgh. At first he vaccinated in only one point, but now in two points, and he prefers using three, when he has a sufficient supply of lymph. He has always vaccinated in the tail, about four inches from the root, cn one side, so that the place cannot easily be rubbed. He has been successful in fully one half of his cases. From four of Mr. Tollemache s cows he vaccinated many others, in a large proportion of which the vaccination took. No very obvious constitutional symptoms were observed, but a characteristic vaccine pock the size of a pea, and with surrounding swelling of the tail was developed. Mr. Matthews, surgeon, of Nantwicb has vaccinated about GOO cattle, and distributed about 2,000 points of lymph. He first employed vaccine lymph from children, but now he uses lymph cows successfully vaccinated. He makes two punctures about four or five inches from the root of the tail, at one side, first pulling out the hair. Of 162 cases oc- curring in seven herds, of which he has given me the particulars, and where he employed recent lymph, the operation was successful in 133. He thus describes what he considers to be the signs of successful vac- cination :— The local signs are inflammation, then slight elevation of in n.o. rwards pitting in the centre. The lymph, then nmifHiffS36'5' °,ozes °"at and forms a crust over the place not, sri iJ„' as large as a nut in some instances, in others on the cases tlle lymph is ready to be taken day in snm„ f' 111 t.he majority of cases on the tenth day The ennv+it Ilave had it as early as the sixth some are very ill restlef, dull3 nn^'i ™u'St of the';attle: other cases theviwilif- 1(1 lose thelr appetite: in at all vaccination makes no difference to the animal Dr. Dobie, of Chester, and Mr Oldham nf Hunt- ingdon, have been vaccinating in the1 i v succeeded in the majority of cases. Of ''several cases thus operated upon Mr. Oldham, rlerfect vaccine pustules were developed in all but one. 'Dr Dobie says, "Ears have been very itchy. An eleva. tion of circular form, flattened on the surface and de pressed in the centre on the fourth day. On the 7th and 8th day this is covered with a brownish cracked crust, easily removable with the lancet, and exhibiting (after removal) a raw depression, filled or moistened with a pellucid, mucus-like fluid." Dr. Lord of Crewe, vaccinates in two places near the vulva. In some stocks he has done, the whole have taken: in others, the vaccination has failed. "This," he says I am sure, is owing to the lymph. Results imnron. weekly. I never consider a case successfully vac- cinated unless the edges of the pock are elevated white, and glistening, cupped in the centre, and an areola round the base. Constitutionally I have never been able to detect any change in the symptoms, save an increase of thirst and restlessness. Lastly, Dr. Vaughan, of Crewe, who is public vaccinator to one of the districts in the Nantwich Union, and who has vaccinated a very large number of cattle, has "not had more than 10 per cent. of unsuccessful cases." He writes thus I employed in the first cases ordinary lymph from the arm of a child, and afterwards from beast to beast. My mode of operation has been this. I select as the most convenient tL vesiclef /hP !y i°^ °Peration and protection of ?, portion of skm devoid of hair by the side of the vulva Drawing the skin tightly over the ischial pro- tWpnf„' « the. P°int of a curved bistoury I make from j 0 incisions, about a line in depth and half an to rfi«ofvP J,hes.ed0 not Weed, but exude sufficient serum' to 'pssoh e the lymph dried on the points, when such are I loosen thp f Pf^r tubes) Having introduced the lymph, to be vUihlP Pffl t- i i1"' a"d the incis'°ns close so as not thi. Jm T i effectually imprisoning the deposited virus. In bv thTfifth npli Produced by the eighth day (occasionally Dy the fifth or sixth) as many as six well-matured vesicles ex- cination36^ J vE-l*pro^ced on the arm in infant vac- ciSated m hpn«tt m such plenty that I have vac- vPsiYlP* LSl the lymPh Produced from one. The surrounding subcutaneous effusion, have I havp nJWh g „fQUal in size t0 a florin or lialf-a-crown I have not observed any particular constitutional symptoms
AN ADVENTURE ON THE GOODWIN.
AN ADVENTURE ON THE GOODWIN. On Thursday morning, the 11th of January, about half-past 11 o clock a.m. (writes a correspondent) a vessel was seen on the North Sand Head of the Good- win Sands. We manned the lugger "Princess Alice," of Kamsgate, with lo men, and proceeded to the North band Head, the wind then blowing about S S W We then put off our punt with seven of our crew, who rowed to the wreck to see if any of the cargo or materials might be saved, seeing the crew had just left her. We then in about five minutes had the wind change to about NE. by N., and it came on a heavv gale and very thick, with a heavy sea running. We then lost sight of the lugger, and they of us. The lugger cruising about at last gave up all hopes of find- mg us, and when coming on dark the lugger proceeded down the back of the Goodwin" to Dover We then made an attempt to row off from the wreck, but thin + 011 aiCiC0U[ °J heavy wind and sea. We then turned back and went across the sand in ho'^es of ge,tmg on board the "Gull Lightship" for rciuge. w fu increasing we failed to reach the lightship. We still struggled hard to reach some object of refuge, Seeing several vessels running close by us, when near- ing the Downs, we gave cries of distress, having no signals but our sou'-westers, but could not get any as- sistance, and, becoming very much exhausted with continually baling the water out of our boat and row- ing hard to keep her head to the sea, but stilr driving to leeward, we came near to the ship St. Alban's," of John's, New Brunswick, and, dark coming on, we hailed her. The captain and pilot heard our cries of distress^ 1 hey providentially had about 130 fathoms ot line in readiness on the quarter-deck, and imme- diately bent on a life buoy. and veered out nearly the whole of thelihe, making it fast to our boat, they then hauled us near to the stern of the ship. Lifebuoys were then thrown to us, which we made fast round us and we were then hauled one by one on board the ship at about 5 o'clock, p.m., our boat being then nearly full of water. We remained on board the ship until about 10 o'clock a.m. the following morning, and were treated with every kindness our distressed condition required. We hereby beg to tender our most sincere thanks to Captain Moses Pik, the pilot, officers, and crew of the ship St. Alban's," of St. John's, New Brunswick, for their kindness and exertions in saving us froni a watery grave, which must have been our fate had it not been for their timely aid.
HOME MISSIONARIES.
HOME MISSIONARIES. On the subject of Missionary Ladies, a fictitious corres- pondent, under the name or "Jenny Lamb," in the Pall Mall Gazette, writes:— You no doubt read the Scotch newspapers, and know what goes on in this oppressed corner of Great Britain called Scotland. Suppose I am a ploughman's wife, with three or four children to feed, clothe, give them schooling, and 'pay the doctor when illness overtakes us. It is my washing day. In walks one or two of these impudent women (no leave asked), occupies chairs near the fire, interrupts my work, and me toiling to get my husband and children's dinner ready and tne washing out of hand. These women com- mence about the weather, crops, and inquiry about our neighbours, and if true that Tam Simson was fou' (drunk) on such a day. After tormenting me on for an hour or so, out comes the demand for money to pay missionaries to convert Jews and blacks. Now the wages my husband earns is about 15s. weekly, and we who are married to ploughmen are well off to many of our neighbours, who do not earn more than 13s., and us single women 6s. a week. How can these impudent women infest our houses, and in a week force us to give them money out of our hard earnings, and occupy our time ? If we refuse, by some means, we get a bad name. Now, Sir, if any of us were to walk into the houses (no leave asked) of these ladies, take a chair near the fire, we would soon be ordered out. Well is it known and spoken of that these women are spies, and report our failings, and comment upon them at their tea and private meetings. I could tell you more, how we are oppressed at some other time. If you print servant ° »e manY well as your humble
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Another correspondent under the signature of Susan p", Ladies ia-herconlpl;lintagainst "Missionary naaies by showing tlie inconvenient hours which llnmp Missionaries" choose for their calls:- bj,'°llLrllt |10Inu a c°Py of the Pall Mall that 1 tt?e uft 7 «grht' anr in 1 cauSht siSht of lS T \J eimy -Lamb" about missionary laches. I think Jenny s case is a very hard one but you ought to know that a similar complaint is to be heard much nearer home. If you will be so kind as to spare me, a journeyman carpenter's wife, a few lines in your paper, you will be doing a good service to many poor women like myself. Our religious visitors are not ladies—it would save us a good deal of bother and confusion if they were- but gentlemen. Of course these missionaries are very good, kind gentlemen irin only mean to do good. We do say harsh thinVs of them now and then, but it's their own fault They haven't got any consideration for us and ^ur little domestic affairs My husband is out at work from morning till night, but he comes homl his dinner at twelve o'clock, and my three little children who are able to go are at school Now, Sir, is'nt it most vexing, when I am busy conversation* with me? r'li^verv" ftreligl0US gentleman or^Jf^01^' ard 8111 clown untidy with the the cookin'p- of mUS<i v. ^en to ^im> and attend to vervrude to sLf7 llusba,nd s dinner? I know it is sir 1W T' y' ?T-6r ^nd over again, Not to-day, others like m^11 ,to do so' and thus me, and are brn bbf f' Sald^° neSlect ^e good fruits that tell fho-^5 o our very doors. I wish some one would s gentlemen that if they are ever so good they are not wanted m the morning,—with all our work to n 0I)e or ^wo rooms, and a great difficulty in keeping m decent at any time. Seeing the complaint of Jenny Lamb in your paper, I made up my mind to tell you of mine as well.
WHAT HAS BECOME OF THE CREWS?
WHAT HAS BECOME OF THE CREWS? The following list of losses have been reported during the late fearful j^ales. It is conjectured that all the crews be- longing to them (with one exception) must have gone down with them A vessel, bottom up, apparently Dutch built, was with them :— A vessel, bottom up, apparently Dutch built, was passed Jan. 11, at 1.30 p.m., Texel Island, bearing SSE, distant four to five knots, by the Knewskv," screw steamer, Cave, from Newport, arrived at Dordt, Jan. 13. A ship, laden with mahogany, lignum vitre, &c., lay sunk at Scarborough, Jan. 11, her two topgallant- masts visible above water two lives lost. A schooner, about eight or nine keels, painted black, was seen to capsize and founder, Jan. 1, off Robin Hood's Bay, by the Protector," brig, Adler, at Deal. A pilot yawl, belonging to Cardiff, foundered after being foul of the "Anne Williams," in Lundy Roads; pilot and assistant got on board said vessel. A sunken wreck has been seen for the last two davs about one or two days off the north end of Jers^V She appears on her broadside, and coopered A vessel, of about 200 tons,' apparentlv i foremast gone by the deck sunnLarl oi" j i qth nassed Dec r< supposed abandoned, was distant Cape Ann beannS W by N, 75'miles 25i^Toneg!74Sr)2 b°tt0m UP' WaS passei Dec- 29>lat- A brig, about 300 tons, bottom up, was fallen in | with Jan. i2, 20 miles SE of the Lizard,'by which the -i uchsia, Korke, arrived at Exeter. -e, Accounts from Scutari, dated Jan. 13, state that a was totally lost, ship and cargo; and fekcraft stranded. The Condor," Ameri- thf. rv °?ner' Hathaway, was also stranded. One of Kush-mi' V<+tSt iiS fciie "Mi'twdes, Micassei, from ictjie, the other is from IbraiL vious toSSJa'r.rt r*1 'If1 ks-nds, was lost a few days pre- washed on sh tvaare. From a name-board "LeSn, »tZe' She 13 s^osed to have been the -Lega.us of Rusoer, from Portugal. VecchiTdurimr t!IS h1aVe foundered at Civita A\?i,!r5 tbe n]5ht of the 9th of January, at Ci'vit'i /PLIk Viess- ls suPPosed to have foundered san -i-t&oon, Dorman, from Ardros- MsJed i?"vr? "il Jall'lrJ 12, reportskmns sr & Mrs masts, showmg above water, the masts painted white. One of the Dutch pilot boats burning from sea, Lank; crew'saved. ° °n the Zoutelanden Part of a small vessel's (leek has been seen from the top of Hig-b Down Cliff the shore near Pepper nnck and about a mile from the Needle Rocks. The bottom of a large vessel, of about 1,500 tons, not long in the. was ashore on the sands at Port Talbot, January 15.
THE DISOBEDIENT SPIRITS!
THE DISOBEDIENT SPIRITS! The Davenport Brothers havpho,i „ (says the Manchester Examiner) ,!ort.)car.eer in Ireland first announced himself a devout itoi;„ ,sor1, wh° at sought an opportunity of apnlvino- an ertre"1 J'rothers- manifestations," and thus relates the result"8 01 th<?lr Mr. Ira Davenport and Mr. Fay were soon hound to the chairs, not with ropes, but with packthread as follows One *jist was first tied with one single thread, and knotted firmly tne other wrist was plac°ed evenly oyer it, so as not to leave any room for slack and was then tied firmly round as before. Both hands, being thus tied, were then hound to the back rail of the chair, to which it was sealed. The chairs were then seil,l to the, floor to prevent their being moved nariM- ™ e w^le,'e the instruments were placed; marked Placed under their feet, and was so secured ^ey could not be moved. When thus each th ■!+ i (VJas at such a distance from each that the heUs and other instruments on it could ever £ W« 7 T^hs' In order to see that part William T)CO t;d towards them on our li-hts were tb!; J'<)r gained in the room. The that the hfll« n.,e nguished, and it was requested OT that Mr FIT? f tambourine might be moved, sittint for 7 /0armight be taken off but, after slSbtlst LovPema/d/ 0f an hcmr'. *-as not the The only thin"- tb V°r any rnantestation whatever. MmvnnS that occurred was the falling of a any person s'ttin°<r' c?u?^ ^ave been effected by against the table Tb £ -r? and striking his head rT eV Tne.V having utterly failed in t>ro- +K even the slightest manifestation, or in loosing tne cords by which they were tied, for more than an « Hlfo We Ia tlleln at their own request, and bein°- ill anxious to give them every opportunity to prove 'ty of thelr assumed occult power, at their own tothe public^fi? wltllllol<1 any communication us and Yw 7ilthe^ opportunity had been given us and they agreed to give us another private seance au 11 o clock a.m. this day (Wednesday) but we have FEN2SR,VED a de- clining to do so.
A REPORTER ON THE JAMAICA…
A REPORTER ON THE JAMAICA TRAGEDY. A curious document has been published within the the recantation of a reporter^The p to the Colonial Standard (Mr Lakef whT^T wrote with the 111 Which he declares that he his eyes. He says °at a"d the gallows before fomeTiS and hanged for no just cause-the thpirhanv- their %ery blood formed river courses down their backs; and every man, woman, and child (at Morant t nTelLincIuded, dreaded the very appearance of the Tn a £ the PJ-0V0St~mar"shal in these revolting scenes In such sl condition of fc&x manv atrofitiot • there, although chronicled m hat I dared not have given in thiir true character T thought the only safe course was to endor« w r' • 1 many lawless acts performed by the provost mmM*16' Now, however, Mr. Lake feels that v, tell the truth, and he anxiouslv ma7 safely dence before a British commiJ f, to £ lve ev'i" trial, at which he was present a 10n" out Gordon's says :— present as a reporter, Mr. Lake been penfe^rated in°tbpyft1aat fmjUrder' foul muriler, has it that Mr George Wniil 06 r°f d/y »ad 1 fear n°t to tell hy the authorities not a tifn T ? been cruelly slain adduced to warrant hi = of evidence having been opinions during^artial lau-'6^ beln?.P'aced on trial. My as they are now TW continues!, were the same shackled in -Were,neyer chau £ ed- I was then pap -r for wViVh t + S1(?n sentiments, not by the I witnessed-lc;n by tlie terrible daily examples Morant Piv th™ f 5at almost cver.v innocent one at roun 1 wh'on k ght of the probability of his turn coming bv tho Jl he too would be visited with similar vengeance the n Some of her Majesty's justices of There m £ b?lng catted the provost-marshal. tho.wMc ,tii0s.e .t0 wh°m 1 couW venture to whisper my thatY-i J opimons> an4 uPpn them I can call to testify exmes' wweX)VKeS^0Il to the senthnents that I now- express. I>ut what with the terrors of martial law amunri us, the svstfem of espionage that existed and Erectly Xr to the paSSing-0f an Act makinfitTreasVand sedition to give expression to any thoughts and opinions antagonistic to the action of the Government, we were all forced to act the part oi dissemblers, many other members of the press included; but, looking forward with intense anxiety for the expression of British opinion, upon which hung the hopes of many, as the only tirng that teemed to them, if expressed as it has been, sufficient to offer resis- those inpow 6 °f wrong an(i oppression on the part of
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fi^ht st GENERAL !—During the t at Fishers Hill, at which the Federal trooni rid[nc/t fl101i' the rebel Seneral Jubal Early, In ndinQ to the front, met a man pitching to the rear general Early accosted him thus Who are vou* to1 the"rear et^/oing?» "I'm a chaplain, going to so to lio'i ran t curse you, you ve been wanting got a chance you ran H°W When y°U'Ve YO1L7-TLWEATRIC,als Prohibited AT XEW lienry Berand" NeW J0rk' F-lfjT a V6ry P°?ular P^ce of TsUTt Wo 519* Liehth Avenue, was wrought up on remand 'for sen- tWt'" 1 ^.convicted on Saturday last of having theatrical exhibitions in his place on Sundav. Thf evidence on that point was conclusive, and the only point of defence raised was, that although there was a law of this kind there was nobody prosecuted under it therefore !t was a dead letter; and being a law that was not enforced, the police making no arrests for breaking the law, defendant thought he had a right as trii wafthal S ThS »» tosonSodv f, 1art o £ tbe ">]""» sub-let « «S complainant never heard hnf tl m\n- son?s- the =SSS didnotknowsuchalaw existed. A case of the W bow^f611 UP-r°r tria11171° years ago, he believed, but how it was disposed of he would not stop to enquire. he prohibition of theatricals on Sunday was a law • it was, in his opinion, no dead letter. Sentence, peni- tentiary two months, and fined fifty dollars.