The Aberdare Times

IMPORTANT DECISION RESPECTING THE PATENT LAWS. In the Vice-Chancellor's coutt, the canse of "Rushton v. Crawley" has been heard, and was a bill tiled by Henry Rush- ton of Manchester, a chignon and trizotte manufacturer, for an injunction to restrain the defendants, Messrs. Crawley and Son, of Wood-street, CiieaiDpide, from infringing a patent obtained by the plaintiff on the 2.gh of JuM, 1867, for an invention and improvement in the manufacture of artificial hair for ladies' headdresses and frizettes. The plaintiff's patent contained the following speci- fication :— This invention relates to the manufacture of hair to be used in imitation of human hair for head-dresses and the like, and for other purposes for which ordinary and curled hairs are required For these purposes I take animal ftbre- by preference, Russian wool, or wool of a coarse texture- and steep it in a bath of sulphate of copper from 10 to 15 hours to cleanse it and separate the olenginonsmatterthere- tlOll. The wool or fibre when thus treated is to be next boiled for a perioi from one to two hours ill a solution of catechu, or liquid prepared by adding and difsolving therein catechu in greater or less quantities, according to the depth of the shade required; sulphate of iron is to be then added to the liquid last described as a dye, or to fix the colour wilt n red or brown is de- sired, the quantity of the sulphate being also varied ac- cording to the depth of shade necessary. Another mode of treating the wool or fibre consists in boiling it in a liquid prepared by adding two parts of fustic to ten parts of wa'er the material is then removed, dried, and after- wards boiled in a second liquid prepared by adding two p^rts of logwood to ten parts of water, to whtch halt a pound of sulphate of iron is to be added for dyeing black the fibre is then to be taken out, dried, and carded for use, the fibre being crap-d or formed into roll-, frizettes, and the like, or used ai curled hair for stuffing articles of furniture, up- holstery, or other like purposes, the long fibre being separated and used for artificial hair, which may be made up in any required form-pliiin. curled, or dressed. The crup ing or eutling process by which the wool or fibre is renderrd elastic for upholstery and other like purposes consists in boilir,g it in gelatitie, the proportion of the latter ingredient being about one quarter of a pound to two gallons of witer. In the latter case the yellow colour is produced by the fustic' the red or brown by the logwood, and the dark and black shades by the sulphate of iron The cuiled hair thus pro- duced may, if desired, be mixed with ai y other fibres for the purposes here mentioned, or for tliosi analogous thereto I claim the nse and application of wool, particularly the kind known as Russian tops, or oi her similar wools or fibre, in the manufsc ure of artificial hair in imitation of human hair, and also in the manufactio-e of crisped or curled hair for furni- ture, upholstery, and other like purposes." The plaiiit ff alleged that his invention or improve- ment in the manufacture of artificial hair had been very successful, and he bad derived large profits therefrom, and the novelty and utility thereof had been generally acknowledged that in March 1869, the plaintiff for the first time discovered that artificial hair manufactured from wool, according to his invention, was being sold in large quantitiea by the defendants. The plaintiff thereupon issued a notice to the various purchasers of artificial bair from the defendants, cautioning tbem against selling goods of the above description, on the ground that it was an infringement of his patent. The defendants than issued a circular alluding to the threats held out by the plaintitf and stating that they bad challenged him to take legal proceedings against them, their reasons fcr adopting this course being that, in the first place, the invention had its origin with themselves, as thev could prove, and that tht y had used Russian wool for these manufactures previous to and in the year 1864. and goat-bair long previous to the date of a patent which the plaintiff had obtained in 1865 for making artificial hair with mohair and also that the process by which the plaintiff made such illa- terial into chignons, frizettes, &c., was not new,- and that the materials upon which his patents rested had been for many years employed for dolls' hair as a sub- stitute for human hair. Mr. G-lasse, Q. C., Mr. Webster, Q. C., and Mr. Rus- sell Kcberts, in support of the plaintiff's casa, said that although the matter of ladies' chignons mi<>ht appear to be one of a very trifling nature, yet it was frequently in articles of the smallest and cheapest description tha,t the largest profits were obtained. In this case it appeared that one firm of manufacturers made up no less than two tons weight of chignons and frizettes pt-r week. Some vears ago, when ladies became desirous of increasing the apparent bulk of their hair, they resorted to art'fieial human hair as a substitute for their own, but as the fashion spread among the lower classes human hair became too expensive for ordinary use, and then hone-hair pads were re- sorted to but these frequently became v sible at any parting of the hair, and by that means the delusion was spoilt. Afterwards mohair w.is manufactured to imita'e human ha r, and the {liintiff in 1865 took out a patent for the use of mohair in making chignon?. S ill the mohair, although very soft and a good imita- tion of human hair, was found to requite more sub- stance, aLd at length the plaintiff discovered that he could give the requisite firmness, size, and consistency by the use of Russian tops or coarse wool, combed out. to a uniform length, and dyed to represent the natural ornament of the head and the cheap rate at which these articles were sold recommended them for general use. The plaintiff claimed by his specification the em- ployment oi Russian wool or other coarse IInimal fiore. The validity of the patent depended upon the principle that you might adapt a known material to a new pur- pose for which it had not before been used. This had been decided by many authorities, and the plaintiff came strictly within the principle. The Vice-Chancellor, said it this patent could be sustained, then every new material adapted to chignons might be made the subject of a patent. If they could be made of straw or paper, a patent for the use of such materials might be sustained. Mr. Grove, Q.C., Mr. Aston, and Mr. A. E. Miller, for the defendants, contended, in the first place, that the patent was altogether invalid. The plaintiff claimed by his specification not only Russian tops, but any animal or tibre wool of a coarse texture. Any wool, therefore, was comprised in the patent, and he not only claimed the use of wool in chignons, but in the manufacture or stuffing of furniture, upholstery, and other like purposes. In fact, he claimed all manner of coarse wool or animal fibre, and he claimed the use of it for all manner of purposes, without confining him- self to artificial hair, and this was far too extensive a claim to support a patent. It was then submitted that there was eoid^nre in this case to show that both mohair ai d wool of a coarse texture had been used by the defencantri and other, long before the date d the rlaintifl's patent. The affidavits of several witnesses were r-ad, and Mr. John Crawley, the elder, upon being crof.s-« xamined in court, said that before and iu the year 1861 he bad used mohair and wool in the manufacture of ladies' bead-dresses, pads and frizsttes. When human hair became dearer in 1861 his firm had used Russian wool for t-,ese purposes. Be first purchased a small quantity for trial, and then ordered a pack containing 240i! which was all made np into pads and frizettes. When the f A-hion of wearing chignons came in about the year 1865 he had procured a large quantity of mohair, which was. in fact, the Angoia wool; he had also used Devonshire wool, alpaca wool, ong top*, and English tops, which aa a name given combed out into straight pieces, and innri«8K^ £ ?nsequence of the plaintiff having seen a pad fnr- th» « ,ni °l mo^a'r that he took out his first patent £ ™d th,; mohair in manufacture of artificial L tZ it Tar atter the witness had himself refused .v rftTnninT1M? *or such an obvious adaptation of taken by surprise Jd ft iTi Botice by the plaintiff that he had obtained a patent for doing what he himself had been doing before. Another witness, Mr. W. Martin, upon being cross-examined on behalf of the plaintiff, confirmed the statement m his affidavit, that for several years P™vumsly to 1867 he had purchased Russian tops and other wools of a similar description, which be had dyed and prepared for artificial hair, and had sold l" t<) variouK manufacturers of articles made to imitate hair, He had lately confined his business to the preparation of mohair for the same purpose, as that article, aithough more expensive, was found to be much better. Ivussian wool was the lowest class of wool used for this purpose, and was formerly applied o,'¡y to stuffiog lurniture. Mr. GlasRe, for the plalilllff, said he should not feel himself just-itied in contending further against the weight of evidence to prove a prior user of the mate- rial claimed by the plaintiff in the manufacture of articles of a similar nature; but be submitted that the plaintiff should not be ordered to pay the costs of these proceedings. The Vice-Chancellor, in giving judgment, said this was a very important question both as affectidg, the patent law and the interest:' of the pubin^. A prior user of the material claimed by the piatntiff: bad now- been proved, but he did not think he stiould be justi- fied in disposing of the case without exprtssing his view of the law as to tne plaintiff's patent. Some P--OP!e were of opinion that the patent law required amend- ment, and that patents act ei very much to the detri- ment of trade but while they existed it was iniprtait that they should D,.t be taken out so a, to hamper oiht-r persons engaged in the trade, and that they should in it,be supported merely for the purpose of u-ing different materials to produce the sallie result. This patent was altogether so vicious in point of view, that he should have decided against its validity at once, only that he wished to hear what evidence there was as to prior user of the materials claimed by the plaintiff, and not to di.-pu.-e of tbe case upon technical grounds alone, A man, in taking out a patent, was not a", liberty to make it EO extensive as to embarrass the trade and prevent persons from knowing what they might and what they might not use in the manufacture of any article. This plaintiff first took out a patent in 1865 for the use of mohair, but it was found that that could not be maintained, and it was allowed to expire. It was evident now that mohair had been in use long before 1865 for these purposes, so that it was an instance of a man trying to get an advantage by taking out a patent, which the public, who were always alarmed at the threats of legal proceedings, would rather submit to than be rendered liable for the heavy expenses of a law suit. There was no justification whatever for taking out the first patent. Then, in 1867, the plaintiff took out this patent for the use of Russian tops or any similar coarse wool in the manufacture of artificial hair, and al:,o for making furniture, upholstery and other like purposes.^ If this patent were sustained, it would be impossible for any one to use wool without the consent of the plaintiff for purposes for which it was used long before our g-andtathers were born. It. was now proved that wool d this kind had been used for many years before the date of the plaintiff's patent, and nothing was more unjos ifiable than for a man to take out a pate nt of this nature, which had the effect of embarrassing the trade, so that these defendants, who had carried on their business for so long a time, should hive found themselves put to the heavy ex- penses of a Chancery suit in order to prove their title to use what they had been in the habit of using before. It wai a gross breach of the privilege allowed to in- ventors, and was not a subject for a patent. A man could not take nut a pafect merely for the use of a well- known material in the manufacture of articles of every- day use, for otherwise there might be a patent every time a man employed any material that bad not before been used. There must be some invention applied in the manufacture to secure the validity of a patent. Oil the legal ground, therefore, as well as on the evidence that this sort of wool had been used before the date of the patent, he was cl-arlv of opinion that the patent was invalid. The plaintiff's conduct was wholly unjustifiable, for be must have well known that there had been a prior user of the fame material. He should, therefore, dismi-s the bill wi,h costs.

THE LATE LORD ARTHUR CLINTON. Lord Arthur Pelham ClintoD, against whom a war- rant was lately issued for hi* alleged complicity in the Park and Boulton case, died at an early hour on Saturday morning, the JS.h iust., at Christchurch. He was attacked with scarlet fever a short time ago, and his constitution gradually sank under the disease. Before his death he solemnly denied the truth of the accusations which had been made against him. HiR lordship was the third son of tne late Duke of Newcastle, and was thirty years of M-e. He was educated at Woodcote School, near Reading, and at Eton. He entered the navv in 1854, served in Captain Peel's Naval Brigade in India, re- ceived two medals, and was made a lieutenant in 1861. At the general election of 1865 Lord Arthur Clinton was returned without opposition for Newark, in con- junction with Mr. Grosveuor Hodgkiuson. He de- scribed himself as a Liberal but voted against Mr. Gladstone's Reform Bill of 1866, was opposed to the ballot, and to the total abolition of church rates After his retirement from the House of CommonR in 1868, his lordship passed through the Court of Bankruptcy. The following has been published in the London papers In confirming the announcement which has appeared this evening in t'je colnmns of some of your contemporarifs of the eeath of my unfortuuate client, Lord Arthur IMhara Clinton, I beg you vill allow me space in your journal to enable me to carry out his last wishes in reference to the charges preferred sgain t him, the awful nature of which iu no slight degree accelerated his end. It was only 011 Friday morning that I was advised by tele- gram from his medical attendants of his critical state, when I immediately proceeded to Christchurch, where he had been staying for some time nast, and remained there until his death, which occurred this morning at 1 5, from exhaustion, resulting from scarlet fever. In pursuance of his instructions I had previously prepared, and he bad approved, the letter of which I enclose y-in copy, and which I iieg you will, in justice to his memory, insert with this. His state, however, of utter prostration did not permit him to sifm the copies which were made, although in lull possession of his mental faculties. 0 It may he satisfactory to h's relatives and friends to know that, in the presence of Dr. Ylade and myself, he. when con- Fcious of his approaching end, in a UI()I'.t earnest manner reiterated his denial of any complicity whatever iu the wretched case and alleged conspiracy, and his entire inno- cence of the graver charee imputed to him -1 am, Sir, your obedient servant, W. II. ROBERTS, 46, Moorgate-street, jf: U J uue 18.

A SALE OF VOTiVE OFFERINGS. An occasional correspondent of The Times, who has recently written Feveral interesting letters from Spain, thus describes the public sale of votive offerings given to the Cathedral Church of our Lady of the Pillar in Siragos-a to relieve the exhausted treasury of be archbishop, who was rebuilding a good portion of it :— Tne articles to be sold consisted of every possible ornament into which j^we-lery can be made and a lady could wesr, from diamond crosses worth 3 000 guineas to hum hie rosaries worth a shilling. There were diamonds given by queens and poor little rings off^rei y the poorest of tiie place. There was amosibeaiitifulenHmelled watch offered by Philippe IV., which was sold for £ 130; diamond pins, off-red by Marie Christina de Bourbon beautiful ornaments given by the wife of the Financial Min'st-er of Charles IV and innume- rable such others. The number of lots was £ >"23, the things being 011 view three days in tbe archbishop's palacp, where the sale was held in a lar e banqueting room. This was the first time that a public sale had ever been helct iu tint part of Spain, and, instead of a rostrum, according to our style, three grave priests sat. at a table The rriest rang a bell for silence, and it notary then read the conditions of the sale then another ringing of the bell, and the first lot was put up. The expert who had arranged the sale took one of the various lot., held it up in his hands, both he and the auctioneer walking backwards and forwards iu front of the table where sat the priests, and the notary assisting them, both using-great activity and freedom in the matter, smcking a cigar often for a change. The expert had put a value on every article, and this price was named, and you were asked what price you would advance on this sum. With all their talking onlj five lot3 were sold in the firsr hour, and in the whole day, up to nearly six o'clock, only thirty-three lots were offered, and only thirty sold, the three not sold being withdrawn because there was no advance on the reserve, and no one would take them at that price either.

"A PERFECT PHENOMENON!" At the Wandsworth police-court, Frederick John Turner, butler, and Alfred Cummings, police-constable, were charged, on remand, with maliciously damaging a pier-glass and other property in the house or; Mr. Richard Valpy, of Heathlands, Wimbledon, and also with stealing several bottles ofwine. Mr. Arthur Valpy, the son of the prosecutor, said that shortly before 4 o'clock on Thursday morning he and his father's family returned home from a party, and they were admitted by Turner, who was the butler. About half-past 5 o'clock he was awoke by a tremendous crashing noise, and beard his father call out Who's there ?" Witness got up, andlooking into the drawing- room he saw that the pier-gla«s had fallen down. He then went in: o the dining-room, which he found in great confusion three p:mes of glass were broken. He and his father proceeded down to the pantry, where they fviund the bu ler intoxicated. They returned to the drawing-Demand found tbe chandelier and lamps broken. Two flower-pots which had stood in the hall wprK in the fire-place. The prosecutor was sworn and said he did not ob- serve anytntro; the matter with the butler on entering his house. He went from the hall to his own room and he was asleep, when he was awoke by an extra- ordinary. noise, which he at first attributed to a iiudd -n storm. His bed-room was over the drawing-room. He went downstairs and met a policeman coming out of t-ho dra-wing-room. He noticed that his number was 143. He told him to leave his house. Witness opened tht) door ani he went away. He found the drawing- room in the greatest confusion, ornaments having been knocked oown and glass s' a,dfs broken, and he esti- mated the damage at J3100. He said a pepper-box and mustard-pot used in the kitchen were found upon the lawn, and they were evidently the things which were thrown through the dining-room windows. His gardener brought him a bottie of wine which he had found in the shrubbery. The witness further said that bi< groom found fourteen full bottles of different kinds of wine near Turner's bedstead, in the pantry, also three empty champagne bottles. The butler had no business to go into the wine cellar. Witness afterwards found that he had omitted to lock up the key of the wine cellar on Wednesday. Inspector M'Laren, V, proved finding the butler drunk in the pantry with the door locked inside. He said he took the prisoner into the drawing-room and asked him whether be could account for its extraordi- nary appearance. He said, "No, its a perfect phe- nomenon." He denied having bad any one in the house with him, but at the station he said the police- man had been inside to have a glass of ale. The prisoner Cummings was on duty at the place, but he was absent from bis post, and be could not find him. Sergeant Casserley said he was sent by the inspector to Jook for Cummings, but he co del not find him until half-past nine o'clock in the mornirg, when he found him asleep, lying in a garden near the prosecutor's premises. He awoke Lim and found four bottles of wine upon him—one in each of his trousers pockets, and the others in his tunic pcckxts. The witness also said that the prisoner appeared to be recovering from drunkenness. He also found where he was lying two cloths marked with the letters" R. V." 0 In reply to the magistrate, Mr. Butt said the pri- soner Cummings came to the police with a good charge er frt m the dockyard where he had betn for several year. Tmner, in defence, said he let the constable in to give h;m a glass of ale, and while be was taking it the btit rang. He went to let in Mr. Valpy, and he saw no more of him. When he was shown the state of the nr&wiiig-room he was never more surprised in his lbe. Cummings had nothing to say, except that thesergeant saw h m on his t'eat at three o'clock. The Magistrate committed the prisoners for trial on both charges.

CUTTINGS FROM AMERICAN PAPERS. l A new dictionary defines chess as a humane substi- tute for hard labour. In Nt-w York the latest extravagance is said to be the setting of diamonds in the teeth. "Every m-.n his own angel," is the way the new flying-machine is announced in New York. A Charle ton paper heads its fashionable intelligence "Our Chignon." Five New York ladies are declared to have sailed for Paris, by the last steamer, to have their faces enamelled. A Yankee out West says, if time is money he is willing to exchange a little of his for cash. A sportive gentleman wants to know when that Anglo-Saxon race," which is so much talked about is to come off. A correspondent who has been shaved "by the active, tiny, gentle, and soft hanrl of a woman" says he likes it-that a woman is a natural barber. New Harmony, Indiana, claims the champion coquette of the North-west. She has cancelled eighty-seven engagements. An emigrant waggon passing through Rochester, Minnesota, the o'herday, bore the quaint inscription, "Don't inquire—North Pole or bust!" A Sioux who wishes to compliwent the Quakers has nimed himself after William Penn, which he translates Bill Quill. The following conundrum was cooked twentvminutes to make it sufficiently hard: What is the oifference between a donkey and the only empire in South America? The one brays well; the other Brazil. An Illinois reporter, in describing a gale of wind, says A white dog, while attempting to weather the gale, was caught with his mouth open, and turned completely in- side out." A man in New Hampshire has become so med to matrimony that on the occasion of his marrying his fourth wife, when the minister requested the couple to stand up, he said I've usually sat." It was said of a very handsome woman whose feet were immeme She's very pretty, but she upsets com- pletely the ordinary system of measurement by proving that two feet make a yard." Mr. Ward Beecher's recipe for making coffee is as suggestive as it is Beecherish: "The best way I know of to make good coffee is to go to the principal hotels, restaurants, railroad eating-houses, & and ascertain just how they make coffee; then make it as they don't." During the delivery of a lecture by Mi=s Dr. Mary Walker in Kansas, a few days ago, a precoctous vouth in the audielce cried out, Aro you the Mary that had a little "No," was the ready reply, but your mother had a little jackass A New York paper encourages the young by the example of a "youih who formerly lived in a hovel, yet, with only his two hands and a crowbar, entered a jewellery store and now he is living in a large stons residence in Siug (the State prison). Daring a dense fog a Mississippi steamer took a landing. A traveller, anxious to go ahead, came to the un- perturbed manager of the wheel and asked why the boat stopped. "Too much fog can't see the river." "But you can see stars overhead." "Yes," replied the urbane pilot, but till the bder busts we ain't going that way." Passen- ger went to bad satisfied. THE STORY OF A MUFF Some young ladips and g-ntleuien who were taking advantage of the fine sledging in the mterior of this State not long since, in attending a dona- tion, surprise, or wedding party, or something of the kind, were obliged to sit three on a seat. One of the seats contained two gentlemen and one lady. The gentlemen of course would not allow the lady to t ke an exposed seav; she therefore sat in the middle. As the night was extremely cold, gen tleman No 1 quietly passed his hand (a remarkably small hand by the way into the lady'i muff As the iriuff was not very capacious, the lady quietly removed one of h^r hands from the same. In a ftw moments the felt a movement on the other side, and found gentleman No. 2 attemptii g to pass his hand into the muff on the other sirje. She tuen quietly withdrew her other hand from the muff, and allowed him to do so. What took place in the muff afterwards she is unable to say. But each of the gentlemen privat(ly reported to a small circle of friends how warmly the lady had returned the pressure of his hand in the muff, while the la-y as pri- vately reported 11 her friends the magnificent sale she had made of both gentlemen.

EPITOME OF NEWS, BRITISH AND FOREIGN. Five of the brigands who were implicated in the massacre of the four Englishmen at Marathon, wa.s executed at Athens, on Monday afternoon. Mr. Bright was the only Minister absent from the Cabinet Council held on Saturday. Lady Simpson, widow of Sir James Y. Simpson, died at Killin, Perthshire, on Friday afternoon. "Prince Pierre Bonaparte is now residing in that part of Pa idington known as Maida-vale "—Couf< Journal. The Scotsman reports that on Sunday afternoon snow and sleet lell at Atrdrie for some time. Another warder at Portland has died from the effects of wounds it flicted upon him by a convict. Durinar the past week 39 wrecks have been reported making for the present year S78. At a large public meeting of men held at Brighton on Monday night, it was unanimously resolved to petition Parliament for the repeal of the Contagions Diseases Act. A plan for a system of tramways in the streets of Calcutta has been submitted to the Indian Government. The estimated cost is £2,000 per mile. Miss Garrett ha* received the M.D. degree of the Paris University. This Is the first occasion on which the degree had been conferred on a woman. Mr. Hugh Mason has just presented an extensive public park and gymnasium to the town of Asht"n-under- Lyne. The gift has been accepted by the corporation, and the formal opening is appointed for next Saturday. Notwithstanding the denial of th" statement with regard to the Marquis of Bute, John Bull adheres to its statement that the noble marquis is abcut to revert from the Cilmch of Rome. The Calcutta Eojrliihman states that the young ele- phant presented to tne Duke of Edinburgh bv JungBaha- door was made use of on board the Galatp.a at Gaile to haul on board 300 tons of coal, saving the labour of about thirty men! A terrible tornado passed over the south of Illinois on the 6"h, destroying everything in its course for a length of five miles, and about a mile in width. The largest trees were torn up, houses aud fences blown down, and orchards and vineyards ruined. A dtstrexping case of manslaughter occurred on Saturday at llisham, near Barnsley. A number of lads were playing pitch and toss, when a d!spute arose respecting the money. A fight, ensued, in which a youth named Glover was kicked by another boy named Arthur Senior, when Glover died immediately. The executive committee of the Manchester District Branch of the Education League have passed a resolution declaring that no measure wiil be satisfactory which does not enforce absolute and complete compulsion, and which provides for any increase of denominational schools or &ny increase of grants to existing schools. With regard to the Belhaven Peerage, it is stated that the long litigation 011 the succession to this ancient Scotch title has resulted in juditimHt having heen given on the 14th inst. in favour of tne claim of Lieutenant-Colonel Robert William Hamilton (late of the Grenadier Guards), to be served heir male to the late Lord Belhaven and Stenton. On Monday, a snake was seen near the broad walk of the Jtegent's Park, London. Those who saw it were afr, id to touch it, but when the keeper of the Zoological Gardens arrived he looked at the reptile's heail and saw at onca that it was an E igli»h snake. He immediately seiz d it by the tail, and took it back to the house whence I-, had escaped, admist the manifest amazement if the spectators. (Jeorge Summers, the Nottinghamshire cricketer who was struck by a ball from Platts, in the match between Notts and Marylebone, the other day, at Lord's Cricket Ground, died at his father's house at Nottingham on Sunday afternoon from the inj iries received, the blow having occasioned concussion ot lhe brain. The deceased was only 35 years old. The Ntw York Times has a telegram stating that war has broken out between the Cheyenne Indians and the Sioux Indians, and there is to be war to the knife. Red Cloud and "Spotted Tail." with their lellow-warriors, have been received at the White House, where the enter- tainment, it is said, was as "elegant as that given to Priace Arthur." Lord Eliot presided on Monday evening over a public meet'ng in London, called with the ol j ct of promo- ting the re-union of Christendom One resolution declared that the only adequate remedy for the social and religirm dangers ef England, and the surest guarantee for the future tf English Christianity, lay in this country's restoration to visiule unity primarily with the churches of the Western Patriarchate, and then with the Eastern Churches also. An Italian nobleman who possesses a large and valuable property in the outskirts of Naples, and who hax built on and embellished one of the mi s5 beautiful drives purposes to dispose of one of his palaces by public lottery. Toe tickets are to be bought at 51. each, and as the palace and outhnildlngs are worth upwards of £ 10,000 there would be 50,( 00 tickets issued. The rectory of Holy Trinitv, Dorchester, Dorset, in the diocese ot Salisbury, worth between jE500 "I,d jE600 a year and vacant by the death of the Rev. James Fi'her, has just been conferred by the patrons, the trustees of the Dorchester Free School and A'mshouse, on the Rsv. Henry Everett M.A., Incumbent of St John's, Davonp^it, On Saturday. Mr. Juctice Wiles gave judgment upon a question—raised in the E munds case—viz whether the new law to abolish imprisonment for debt included debts due to 'he crown. His Lordship decided that there was no enact- ment or implication to take away the prerogative of the Crown, and he therefore declined to make any order on the application of the defendant, who remains in the Whitecrosa prison. We have to record the death of a much esteemed and benevolent lady, Mrs. Leader, of Northcourt, near Oxford, lit. the pttri ,r( hal age of 102. She had for tome years past lost her sight, but retained tmthe last her mental powers with extraordinary freshness. She will be greatly missed in her circle, and the community with whicushe was connected. Eiijoyii g an Income of £ 6^0 a year she lived unostenta'.ious'y, and setasidedM.O annually for purposes of Christian charitj! Brigham Young, the y ropbet of the Great Salt Lake CUy, is a bold and courageous man in more senses than cne. He has sent a challenge to Dr. Newman, who recently de- livered a lecture at Washington asrainst polygamv offer- ing publicly to mpet him to discuss the qutstioVi from both social and religious points of view. The Mormon Chief has named the place for discussion, viz the Tabernacle at the Great Salt Lake City itself. A very interesting ceremony took place on Sunday, at the parish cliurch of St. Mary, Islington. Bishop Crowther, the native missionary bishop for the Niger territory, acting uiu.er a commission from the Bishop of London, ordained his son, Dandisc 11 Coates Crowther, for missionary work in Arnell.. ihe gentleman has for some time past been studying at the Caurca Missionary College. The fnn, ril of Mr. Lubv. one of the political pri- soners, who was editor of the People of Irel ,nd, wits made the occasion ot a political demonstration by the Nationalists on Sunday. About eight thousand persons marched after the he"r..e, each man wearing a green sash and orange and green rosette. Nearly all the bauds belonging to the trades weie present, but did not play, the instruments being covered with crape. A loi g line of carriages also accom- panied the procession. At Giasneven cemetery, there was a demons'ration while the corpse was being conveyed to the grave. Everything passed off without contusion or disorder. Oa Sunday two brothers named Gane, aged ]6 and 18 years, got into a large pond adjoining the Bristol and Exeter Railway near the Htghbridge Station, and in the parish of Burnham, for the purpose of bathing. One of them got into defp water, and, not being able to swim, became alarmed. The other rushed to his assistance, but he also being no swimmer they both were drowned. A lad who had accompanied them to the spot raised an alarm, several men ;;t once searched the pond, when they were botn i°nnu quite dead. The unfortunate young men, who were m tne s<ice of two neighbouring farmers, were tne sons 01 a widow Sixteen peers have placed on record their protest a^a'nst the second reading of the Irish Land Bill. They obj ct to the measure because some of its provisions are opposed to the just rights of oroperty, and are admitted bv its fd vccates to be unlit for E 'gland and Scotland, ami to be on'y justified In Ireland on account of the ixtst'na relations net ween landlord and tenant in some parts of that country 4hich they consider exceptional; because it is proposed that the.-e provisions, instead of being imposed for a limited >.riod, are to be enacted permanently, and thereto a-»oear to be established as prn cpi.es which ought to exist hvlaw at all tunes between landlord and tenant; and because this enactment as principles is likelv to lead to agitation for the extension of similar provisions to England and Scotland The Duke of Manchester, the Earl of MaUiDbbury, and Lord R4doodale are among the diuenttents. Telegrams from Cuba announce that. the "bill for the abolition of slavery had been received at Eavannah. The Wrexham, Advertiser regrets that Archdeacon Wickham utlivered no visitation charge, a3 it is tatreby deprived of a peg on which to hang an tuuo; ial. ] Wooloomoo'oo shout rapidly and royallv. "Varmint all vanished. Impetuous Popsey impecunious. "-Advertise- ment from The Times. The ship Express, which left Lagos for Liverpool so far back as the 12th February, and upon which 20 guineas premium had been paid, has arrived in the Mersey. Her M aj esty, accompanied by the Princesses Louise and Beatrice, returned to Windsor last Saturday morning from Balmoral. A report which has been circulated that Mr. John Walford, formerly of Eson, has returned to the Englis Church, has been contradicted. Prince Youssof-Izzeddin-Effendi, eldest pon of the Sultan, has been made a general of brigade. His Highness is fourteen years or age. The Lord Chief Justice of England will, it is be lieved, attend the forthcoming sessions of the Centra Criminal Court to preside at the trial of the case of Boulton and Parlr. A telegram from Bombav says 7,600 dols. have b9cn raised by divers from the wréck of the Camilla. Mitchells, and it is expected that a further portion of the treasure will be recovered. The Indian chief. "Yellow Hair," now in Washing- ton tor a talk, has been invited by Lydia Thompson to join her troupe. The Marquis of Waterford has been visiting his tenantry, and receiving their thanks for his geLerosity in providing new'schools for them. Many Indian students have this year arrivei,-in England for the completion of their studies, and promise to constitute a notable element in academical life. Two have already entered at Christ Church. The Sultan of Turkey, with great taste and good fueling, has countermanded the fetes for the anni> ersaiy of his accession, and ordered the sum designed for them to be devoted to the relief of the tuffcrers by the late disastrous fire. On Tuesday, Blaster Kaye, at the Judges' Chambers, mide an or ler to increa'e a claim for danhiifs against the London ai d B-ighton R iiway trim m.COOto £ 5,00fl. The plaintiff had, it was said, got considerably worse since the action was commenced. The Secretary of Lloyds, Mr. Stephenson, has gone to New York to investicratethe circumstances under which the report of the loss of the Dacia was transmitted to Eaghmd. The object is to detect aLd punisa the perpetrators of this hoax. The Observer saYA it is probable that the Government-, will accept an amendment, of which Mr. Hibbert has given notice, by which the grants to voluntary schools from the Privy Council are not to attain in any case to more than 50 per cens. of the amount raised by voluntary subscription. It is gratifying to learn from a report lately laid before Parliament, that uader the influence of gjmnaetics, the British army is increasing in activity, weight, girth of chest, and size of arm. To these facts commanuing officers, doctors, and statistics, alike bear testimony. At Rochdale, Mr. Rothwell, chemist, has been sum- moned by Mr. Spencer, registrar, for refus ing to vaccinate bis child. Mr. Ash worth said that Mr. Rothwtll was not unac- quainted with the law, but he had seen so many evils attend- ing vaccination thit he did not feel disposed to have his child vaccinated. Defendant was fined £1 and costs. Tbe decease of tbe sifter of Silvio Pellico is announce,l at tho age of seventy-two. It is said that she has left memoirs which will seive as a sequel to her brother's touch- ing production, "Le Mie Frigione," as well as being a highly interesting contribution to the moral and p' .11t;cal hisioiy of the Austro-Venetian terrritory in the period from 1S30 to 18'0. The following advertisement appeared in Saturday's Timrs bbipton to Macdonogh. Comeback Are the husks so pleasant that for them you dpsert the father's house and bread. Walk in and take your desk as though you had left yesterday and go hime wi h Minchin as though nothing had happened. T.ie Disciples of Jesus have no reproaches for returning Prodigals." The Polish, Jovrnal of Lembergannounces that Mer, Borowski, Bishop oi Z. tomfr and Luck, Yolhynia, who, as has already been mentioned, quite recently addressed to the Pope a Memoir on the situation of the Catholic Church in Poland, is detained a prisoner in his own residence. Soldiers surround the episcopal palace, aid allow no one to go out or in. Switzerland is inclined to build a railway right across the Republic, connecting Prussia, Holland, and the German Ocean with Italy and the Mediterranean, which railway is to pierce the Alps by th3 St. Gothard Pass. Not being able to raise all the money, she applies to her neighbours and Prussia. Baden, and Italy, all of which want the ltpe, promise subventions. Thereupon France sees a vision of alliances, and demands guarantees of neutrality." The Gavlois reports a short conversation which t'ok place the other cay at Ascot oil the occasion of tne flower g rl Isabelle's visit, between the Princess of Wales and a French attache, who was over-elated at the victory of Sornette. "That admirable race Madame." said be re- venged ns for Waterloo." True," answered the Princess, but at Wateiloo you ran better still." An unknown person has offered to the Uhiversity of Oxford a prize of jElOO for the best essay in confutation of the materialism of the present day by arguments derived from evidences of intelligence, design, contrivai c •, and adapta- tion of means to ends in the universe, and in man considered in bis moral nature, his religious aptitudes, and his intellectual powers and in all organic nature. On Tuesday morning the London bakers raised the price of the 41b. loaf the rates being for the flist-clesa w^heaten, C-}-i. second, 6d. third ditto, 5^ i.; and at some shops, bu', of inferior flour, 5.1. the loaf—The licensed victuallers have also given considerable orders for stocks of gin, an intimation having been given t, them that it is soou intended to levy another 2d. on each gallon of gin. The Right Rev, the Bishop M'llvaine, of Ohio, de- legated by the New York Conferencs Committee, has arrived in London, and has had an interview with several noblemen, clergy, and others, at the Evangelical Alliance House, wh-re a report was made of the progress of arrangements in the United Slates. The Bishop ttated that from communica- tions received from various parts of Europe and elsewhere the Conference was likely to be largely said infiaentially attended. About four o'clock on Monday George Dean, employed at Hunter's Hall Farm, Efipinc, was found Ivmg in a field near the house in a terribly n j ire 1 state. He was picked up by his brother-in-law, to whom he s'ated that he entered the tit-hl to fetch the cows up lor milking, when he was attacked by a bull, which knocked the poor fellow down, then trampled upon his body, and afterwards wssed him about round the field. His pocket* had been tureen inside out, and the contents were founo uLelwards scat ered about, The unfortunate man was removed home, where he soon expired. The bull was immediately killed. The other evening a respectably dressed, middle- aged woman, called at an eating Iwu-e in Liverpool, and was supplied with tea. Having asked te be allowed to wash her hands, she was st own into a bedroom, from whence she soon descended and left the house. After her dtpartu-e a servant, hearing a cry in the bedroom, proceeded there, and to her astonishment found a fine child, about a month old, lying on the bed. The wi-m ;n had not been observed to have a child with her on entering the house. The little foundling was transferred to the workhouie, and the police are in serela of its unnatural mother. Mr. Robert Martineau, brother of the Rev. James Martineau and Miss Harriet Marr.ineau, died on Friday at Birmingham in his seventy-second > ear. He was borJl at Norwich of a Huguenot lamiiy which settled there on the revocation ot the Eiiict of Naufes. and has ever since been represented in that city. Mr. Martineau settled in Birming- ham as a manufacturer at an early period of his li,e, and took an active^ part in ihe reform agitation preceding the bill ot 1832. For the last fourteen j ears he has lived in re- tirement, owing to an almost total deprivation of sight. A great number of Jetters have been received by the authorities, from various parts of the country, in reference to the previous history 01 John Jones, alias Owi-n, alias Jtnkins, alias R^jnoids, the man now in Aylesburj Gaol charged with perpeirauon of the late murders at Denhara A story has been current that Mrs. Marshall's name was Jones, and that Jones was her illegitimate son born before she was married. The statement is without, foundation, Mrs. Marshall's nbme having been Sn;i:h, and htr marriage having occurted 12 years before J ones'a birth. She bore the highest character "both before and after marriage. The Bi-hopof Manchester reverted to the eduction question on Sunday in a sermon preached in St Paul's Church. Walkden. He expressed a hope that when the edu- cational system has beeu reconstructed it will be as sound as th*t in vogue now. In the evenmg his lordship occupied the pu'pit in St Matthew's Church, Campfleld, and passed over the same ground oil this question as in his morning's diS- course. In his sermon at tne church of St James's the Ancoats, on Saturday, he sp. ke of the deserted Churches" in Manchester, and maintained that the cause was to be founo in the wam of ree,procil action and sympathy between ministers and people, and of a thorough confidence the one in the other.

THE MARKETS. MARK-LANE, MeNBAT. Notwithstanding that the rains which have fallen in most parts of the country have exercised a beneficial effect, upon the crops, the grain trade has continued very firm. During the past week wheat improved to the extent of from 2s. to 3s. p'r qr., and all kuds of spring corn rose fuhy is per qr. Fresh no to Mark-lane this morning the receipts ot wheat from Essex and Ker«t have been very moderate. There has been a fair attendance of millers, hut business has not been brisk. Factors, however, have been firm in their de- mands, and late quotations have consequently bem fairly maintained, in fact holders in some instances tluve re- fused to sell except at a further improvement of is per qr. The show of (ore gn wheat has been moderate. The trace ) M been qui-t, but firm, at improving currencies. The stipply of barley has been moderate. The demand has been firm, at fully late rates. Malt has been quiet, on former terms. Oats, the supply of which has been rather limited—have heen in request, at improved currencies. Beans have been steady in value and inquiry, and peas bave Beans have been steady in value and inquiry, and peas bave reached ex'reme quotations, with a fair demand. The flour market has been urm, IInd tbe late advance has been well supported, Lirssed and rIJpHleed have been steady. Agri- cultural Beer's have been qiiict. METROPOLITAN CATTLE MARKET.—MONDAT. The cattle trade lias been in a depressed state. The con- tinued drought, and the difficulty of obtaining sufficient food, are compelling grsz'ers to seiid their cattle to market much earlier than usual, and consequent y lean stock is becoming more plentiful, whilst really prime breads are propor- tionately scarce. At present the deterioration In quality is principally apparent in the case of sheep, beasts as yet not exhibiting any marked fslliLg off. About an average supply of beasts has been 011 sale. The demand has been inactive, but prices have been maintained. Foi the best Scots and crosses, 5s per 81b has been paid. Fronj Norfolk. Suffolk, Essex, and Cambridgethire we received about 12W Scots and crosses from other parts of England 7o2 various breeds: from Scotland, IS Scots and crosses an( from Ireland, 91 oxen. Tee market has been fairiy suppliec with sheep. Sales have progressed s)"wly, at previou quotations The best Downs and hslf-brtds have beei disp< sed of at 5s 21. to 5s. 4d. per Slh Lambs have srl heavily, at from 63 to Gs. 8d. per S!b. Calves have beeu 1 limited request, and the demand for pigs nas been limited. BOPS. Business in the hop market has been only to a modera' extent, but prices have ruled hrm From the plantations tt accounts continue favourable. The rue has made furthi rapid progress, and the plant altogether is EinguUrlv In from vermin. Although It is as yet much too eavly to ventn an opinion as to the projaole >ield, prospec's at tLe nrese m.-mentii^decidedly sa^isiac o! v. Mid ano East Kpr.ts 47 £ 12 12s. Weald of Rents, 4 6 to £ 8 Sussex. £ 5 12,. io i 123. liavaiians, 46 6s. to iL9 French, £5 10s. to £6 10, American, £ i 53. to £ 6 \eaiLngs, £ 1 10s. to £ 3 15s. p CW ts WOOL. At the public salt's Of colonial wool the attendance of hoi tl ■^ i_ continued good, but foreign houses have be fair I™^Presented. Biddings have progressed with iair amount of animation, at about the closing rates last series. The following are the current prices i J V/;°o1 ■— Fleeces Southdown hoggets, Is. 1: half-bred ditto, Is. to Is. 3d. Kent fleeces, Is. to Is. 3d. S 'Uthdown ewes aud wethers, 11'. to Is. Ofd I cester ditto, Is. Id. to Is. H I. Sorts: Clothing, Ii. to 4jd. combing, lid. to Is. SJa. FISTI. # Herrings, pickled, SOs to 35s. ditto red, 20s. to 269. barrel; t laice, 8?. t..) 16s trawl haddocks, 84. to 15s. box salmon trout, 1-. 3d. to Is. CfJ. per pound; large sain) Is. 9J. per pound 'ID"ked hadd<uks, 10s. to 40t per bar; lobsters, 10.1. to 14? crab?, 10s. vo 154. per d 'Zen; na1 oysters, £ 10 commons. 15s. to 40s. per bushel. rOTA TOES. The npplies of old potatoes have been very short, of more liberaL There has been a moderate demand, at quotations. Bcgiish Regents. 6j. 6d. to 76.; Scotch Kegt 6s. 6ei. to 7s. Cd.; Rocks, 6s. 6d. to 7s per owt.

AL PARLIAMENT. Lords. June 20, their lordships met at 1 the Royal a.<.n. nt was given by com- oumy. Courts Baiidiiiga Bill, the War Z r,t £ Bill, the ftailways uctions Bill, and a long list of private • mmiaaioners were the Lord Chancellor, augn, and the Marquis of Normanby. five o'clock, E <rl .Russell rose to move presented to her Majesty, stating that with great satisfaction the spontaneous if °kbave lately emanated from many hatthis House prays her Majesty to 'II to inquire into the means beat fitted :urity of ner dominions. The aoble earl grounds on which he wished to base this K that great changes had been made since carryiug on war. and other Powers had n ordenomeetthe altered state of things; 1 jau of 1;ite years> and espucially in the lad been a great disturbance in the public 0 our Colonial dominions, and it was de- pinion of the G >vernmyiit and if neces- JS with respect to the policy which should noble earl reviewed at some length the taken place in the armament of ships, r the discussion that had taken place and ts that had been made of late years the as soon as possible to make up their id of ship they intended to rely upon in ring selected their vessel they ought i o on the approved prlneiple. Passing on my, the noble earl condemned Mr. Card- h izirdous experiment which woiild be log an army one half of which would be and the other half would have forgotten more immediate subject of his notice- our colonial empire-tile noble earl con- our duty, and ihat we were bound in hat empire, and he could not doubt that to maintain it, and to take the best denying that the Government in any severance of the ties between Great lies, pointed out that successive Govern- ts hau laid down the principle that colo- tutional government were bound to a dertake their own defence After ex- ince given by the Imperial Govern- ortifications, and munitions of war ;e of the Cmadian Dominion, and rganization of the Canadian Militii, 1 necessity of a greater concentra- e for the security of the empire, and in lef mil.lit "e given to regiments serving If the it quir) was too gigantic for any Le motion was also c jjctionable as onsibility of the Executive. the motion was nothing short of a pro- irnmant of the country into Commis- tie, the principles laid uown by succes- ies must necessarily lend to the ..issolu- mpire. The time had now arrived for between the Colonies and the Mother regard to cnmmt-rcial policy and waste e policy of the Government would lead aud hoped mat the whole subject of our lot undergo very careful consideration 'srnment. erred with great satisfaction to the vhich the Canadians had routed the maintained that the withdrawal of teach the Colonies to create an army hich our troops would find ready in oticirig some of the topics alluded to :aled to Lord Kussell not to press his en withdrawn, and their lordships ad- imons, the Dublin and Antrim June- read a third time and passed, and the iad a second time Harborne Railway ets Bill, Glasgow Street Tramways Bill, s Bill. imhets of the House attended at the )rds to witness the Royal assent being to certain bills which had been agreed I the President of the Poor Law Board, ntion, during the present session, to or the repression 01 vagrancy. hoped it might be possible to propose nt session which would deal with the •iiy to mitigate the evil. ickpole, eral explained that since the reduc- essases to and from Ireland to one of messages had increased fourfold, 'ere being rapidly repaired, and the 'n a new cable was under eonsidera- s to understand the reference made to it a new cable should be laid down. Speaker said that he had received an i ancellor of the University of Oxford, .tend at Oxford on Wtduesday, wtrm would be coi ferred on him (cheets) te his absel,ce from the House on Mi to ask the House to permit him to t, he might proceed to Oxford to show to his oll university for the honour apon Mm fcheerc). vss-ei tlie grest gratification of the igence, and he moved tint, during the < tsenct Mr. Dods m shall take th" chair. < BU the m,tion. He tioug,t that lie ] he House gem.rally whtn be sal I that asure that they had an oppor-unity of md regard for the Government a d the lost gratifying to them that he should eminent honour from an iiluttrious J sed to. 1 owed a formidable array of 36 orders score of questions but the greater 1 occupied by the ttrft order-the Edu- 6 ition for going into Committee on this 1 ichard moved a Resolution in favour of general attendance, aT d of providing religious education voluntary efforts. After de?crini- g the efforts formists had made to suppott the Government in he declared that the latest aberations in the ,{F,om removing thsir objections, had added »tiil more formidable. For in tbe first edition a chance -of the old denomii atioiial schools 'bed in the new schools, but the revised scheme öO'ype and perpetuate them. And while ad- lly the benefits conferred on the country 'tomlnaMonal schools, especially those of the ■England, he maintained that, as portions of a I' em of education, they were inadmissible. Dis- blll in its latest shape, he pronounced it to be a oncurrent endowment, and Mr. H ireourt's plan I e(lucati,-)n lie declared to be altogether too vague factory, for no' even Mr. Gladstone's ecclesUsitl- t and constructive ability could devise a id include everything acceptable and exclude unacceptable to everybody. The only way <iut of Y was fi r the State to confine itself to literary Ic instruction, and to leave religious teaching to 's and in this way, he maintained, we should ■ous as well as an educated people. Ike, in seconding the motion, dwelt on the compulsory legislation. jgt.bened discussion, thedehate was adjmrned. Office Bili was read a second time, and s« vtral iavilg been forwarded a stage the House ad- )use of Lords, June 21, Lord Cairns moved the ing of the Manie,) Women's Property Bill, whioh passed the House of Commons.. H3 directed ip attention to the very marked difference thetv i the upper and the lower classes < f society in the protection of women and their property, ins of thfs bill were without object on, although n might require consideration, and he expected nits oi this legislation would be satisfactory, ase of Commons, Mr. M C. Torrens gavenotic" of 10 move a new clause in the Extradition Bill, ourt power. to release prisoners whom it may de- been guiUy c.f political offences only. yn asked if it were true that the Science and Art intended to publish a catalogue of all known t in England and elsewhere, and what has been he Universal Art Catalogue" already published, apies of it have been sold, and what amouut has •d from such sale ? F. rster said that since 1864 the department had jet stattment, of which 250 copies had been having heen circulated among Bclv ola of att a of prmting, and circulating the "Art Cata- ;o 1867 had been £8,183; the total cost being deductions were mane for the sales. The whole had not yet been published, but copies of the had been distributed to the South Kensiigton useums and 110 schools of art. iwsun-D-imer asked the Chief Commissioner of her he is aware thit measures are in progress to ing purposes tie enclosure of Leicester-square, la is prepared to take any steps to preserve that or the benefit of the public. in said that he cculd not ascertain whether the oses to let the land on building lease; and if such le case the only way in which he could move in vould be by a private bill, which could not be in- ring the present session. Reform of locil Go- ipeared to him to be the only satisfactory mode t'h such questions. mce asked whether the Vice-President of the ld the total number of schools of all deno- uilt since 1839, upon consideration of the intro- I conscience clnuse into their trust deeds. Forster expressed himself unable to give the rmation, as no special record had been kept of te on the Elementary Education Bill was then

COMPENSATION FOR RAILWAY ACCIDENTS. ■g r^wo the judges- Mr. Ba. on Martin and Mr. a.on Lramwell—were examined on Monday after- .jJn before the Select Committee api. oiated to con- a^r the law with reference to the liab Lty of railway ^'ffipinies in th" matter of compensation for accidents, th tl eir lc r lamps were exaained, Mr. Headlam, e chairmin <»f tbe committee, informed them of the Ject of the in quiry, stated the naureof the objec- lonB entertain- d bv the railway companies to the Pre: ent law, and caid the committee, having heard the ■otnpaniea' hi,ie of the question, wished to have the Denefit of their lordships' experience. Baron Martin, replying to various questions, said that if as there weie some special provisions in Acts of Parlia- b;f«t to the contrary, of which he was not aware, the lia- Ulty 0f ^jje raiiivaij companies was regulated by the common iw of England. With respect to the carriage of goods, the .^pun law of England makes it incumbent upon public an'h 8 to CiTTy 11,1 that come to them, but there is no ^laliility by the common law to compel them to carry i^sengers, and in point of fact he was not aware that there as any penalty if they refused to carry passengers. They « ritd passengers in the same way as any other people seek- g 8 J0 rnH'?a nioney by business, and consequently they °dght to carry as many passengers as they could. jv"won Bramwell said that the idea of the companies was nat they could not g. t rid of their liability to carry passen- fn?'a,,d therefore to pay them compensation for injuries; "ut he agreed with his brother, Baron Martin, that they "light refuse to take tbemaltogeth-r. f Mr. Head I- in pointed out the difference In the value of pertain Ihes, and asked whether it would be in the power o *ue compan es to refu>e to cirry persons whose lives were very valu able, except at an enhanced fare. Baron Martin taid that would be illegal. It would be legal charge them up to the extent of the maximum fare but they were all restrained with reppect to the fares to be charged to each class of passengers, and therefore all they conld say was We cannot take you." They could not p»y We W1il on!y take y u if you pf y twenty times the amount of He fare." The i rdinnry m >de of performing their duty Wa., to say. We won't take you at al' Baron Bramwell: My no! ion is that they might say to every Passenger, "If we carry you at the ordinary fares we will nIJt be liable for any accident." I don't know anything that. could prevent their doiLg that, teeing that they ate not bound to carry at all.. Baron Martin said that if they were called upon to give an authoritative opinion on the subject they ought really to some little time to consider it, because he had great ubt as to whether a company could say they would carry ni.H*Rsenger' but that whatever occurred on ihe journey, unoer no circumstances would they be responsible. In fact, wni be reP"8naDt to the spirit of tlie contract He tion rat>aer Eot ausvF«r the question without considera- The Chairmansaid that railway companies thought it a haldeh,p III the law that they were mane liable wh-n there 'J<' au" "ri tnelr own part, and where there bad been of i £ °i ve* £ e8 gence* Rnd he put the case of the injufice caii«^HK,'Kllejlnaster r' a Private carriage liable for injury h« PA,I^J. wl'en had taken the very best means Q" could to g»6 the most careful driver. Rtnerl,'n^irtfln S*i»' that.thafc was a question involving tbe Rtnerl,'n^irtfln S*i»' that that was a question involving tre Rineri law of master and servant, which law was as old as tbe fi TU1'try'taTld 11 a well-esta .lished principle of servants WM Uable for the ntgligence of his in^hu°^^fam,vell Ea^ servant was driving him l £ tbl« K„ Iage ?nd cau?eJd damage to another, he would be "*bl £ beeausehe was driving him as his servant, and he had » to control him, and tell him whether to driv«tMt oc slow; nut it he hired a can, the c*t>mau was not nts servant 1<1 bw, and if he told him r,o rtriie so and so, he might say tha: lie would drive fast cr slow, just as he pleased, so long as he was within the limits of the law. The result was, that if lie was riding in his own carriage he was liable; but if he j >bt>ed a carnage or a clachman for a day, the rule did not apply. There did not seem to hin> to be any s mnd principle in that, and it seemed to be a relic of the old Roman law in which the servants were really slaves, and consequently the master was liable for their acts just as he woutd be for the damage done by his cattle in trespassing. Subsequently the learned Barou said that he was a railway shareholder himself, and might therefore be supposed to be in their favour, but his opinion was that it was a matter of bargain between the passenger and the company, and therefore no hardship could arise. He should have no objection to the liability itself provided that none but honest claims were made but he objected to a liability Involving dishonest claims, and very often foolish and dis- horest verdicts. He thought whatever rules the companies made, the general law w,)uld render them liab e; but he thought that the suggestion marie th,t the railway com- panies should be allowed to limit their liability by way of assurance was a valuable one. Baron Martin thought that the public would have no right to complain of such a provision as that of being called on to pay f 'r assurance, and that the company should not be held liable to damages beyond the amount assured, but he thought that. in practice in every instance the cnmpanie I would he hfld liable to p ly the highest amount. He did not think that so far tis his experience went the claims of injured railway passengers were fictitious. In most cases in which claims were made they had sustained some injuiy, though they ni<ht be exaggerated. He believed that in case such an g alteration were made the highest damages which could be wcu'd always be given, and it was for the railway companies to consider whether they would gain or lese by it. The learned judges were then examined as to the administration of the law, and B iron Martin said that it was not likely ,that seventeen judges would come to a unanimous opinion as to the precise manner in which the law should be administered, but be had always endeavoured to keep the damages down to a moderate amount. He could not call to mind any one case he had tried in which he thought the damages were outrageous. Baron Bramwell said that not only did he not consider the damiges awarded too excessive, but he had in many cases been rather surprised at their moderation. He thought, however, that the railway comp»nies were very unwise in having the cases tried by special juries, because as they al wa) s gave their verdict, according to the value they attached to their own lives and limhs, it was likely that they gave much hiirher damages than ordinary jurymen would give. Baron Martin said that he thought ex'reme dam iges were given, from the example set In the early history of railways, when there was a general impression on the minds of the pu ilic that they were going to be extremell profitable under- takings. He thought it very desirable that there should be an inspection by the Board of Trade, and that a commission should be issued establishing a particular court in which to try railway cases. There was no doubt that a certain class of attorneys and doctors made it a business to get up these cases-at all events he had seen the same faces very fre- quently. He was also of opinion that there should be a medical man attached to the court, perfectly independent both of the railway companies and the passengers, who should give his opinion as to the condition of the passenger and the effect of the injury.

BABY FARMING IN LONDON. At the Lambeth Police-court on Monday afternoon. Mr. EUiott, the sitting magistrate, wasengagtd several hours iu the further hearing of the charges against two women, said to be Bisters, named Margaret Waters, aged 35, with numerous aliases, including those of Rlackburn, Willis, Oliver, Hurley, &o., and Mary EUis, aged 29. for cruelty to a number of illegitimate children in not providing them with proper food and nourishment. Since the case last appeared the police authorities bad been investigating the matter, and the solicitors to the Treasury had taken it up. It was an- ticipated that by further publicity additional evidence would he obtained. Mr. Poland (instructed on the the part of the Trea- sury) appeared to prosecute, and said the case was likely to become serious. Although it had appeared in the newspapers the mothers who bad placed their children in the care of the prisoner Waters had not come forward, and it was to be hoped that after the evidence he was about to call, and the publicity that no doubt voiild follow, further information would be given to the police. Captain Baynes, the district superintendent, and Mr. Superintendent Gernon attended the investigation, which had created considerable interest and Mr. Mayo defended the prisoners. Since the last examination Mr. Poland stated that the police had obtained possession of a number of let- ters written by various persons to the prisoner Water*, alias Blackburn, Oliver, &c., which he now produced. it will be recollecttd that advertisements were inserted in the newspapers to adopt children at a premium of £ 5, and as each advertisement was only for one child, it was stated that a mother's love and care would be bestowed upon it. Sergeant IJtdf, answered an adver- tisement, addressing his letters to Mrp. Oliver, Post- offiae, Brixton, and received the following reply, which led to the apprehension of the prisoners: Wednesdav, June 8. "S'r -In reply to your letter, I beg to say that it would g;ve me great p easure to adopt as my own your little boy, if not 110 old, and I wish for one as young as possible, that it might know Ilone but ourselves as its parents. The child would be well brought up, and carefully educated he would have a Rood trade, and he as in all respects as our own. We have been married several years, and have no family. We are in a comfortable position, have a good business, and a h< me calculated in every way to make a child hippy. We are both very fond of children, and should you inti mt your little one to my care you may rely upon his receiving the love and care of a mother. Any place you like to appoint an interview will suit me. 1 can meet you at any time you please, and should ba glad to have the matter settle 1 as soon as possible. Hoping to have your early rep'y, I am, Sir, yours respectfully, R OLIVER There were several letters found on th- subject of adopting children, which the police had obtained. Before the commencement of the case a Mr. Hollingsworth osked the advice of the magistrate how he was to procet-d to recover the furnit ure in the house at Brixton, on which he had advanced money. Seeing the case in the newspapers hn found it was the woman to whom be had made an advance and on whose pro- perty he beld a bill of sa!e. 00 going to the house be found the police in possession of the furniture on which he 1 a 1 made the advance. The Magistrate declined to interft-re in the matter, saying that the police had charge of the house, to whom any application could be made. Mr. Poland, in opening the case, said several dead bodies had been found, and he should be able to trace the clothes of the infants to the possession of the p "ii-oners. If the motheri of the children possessed unv feeling of humanity they would come forward in such a case and give information on the subject. Ellen O'Connor said she was 14 years old. She knew the two. prisoners as living in Frederick-terrace, Brixton. S ie had been servant at the house. She went about three months since, first about twelv« o'clock in t.heday, and leaving at ten o'clock at night. This was for the first fortnight, and since then she had live i in the house till the prisoners were taken into custody. She was engaged hy Mrs. Wafers, whom she knew by the name of "Blackhurn." She knew the other prisoner by the name of Ellis. When the first went to the house there were seven infants, which number included Mrs. Ellis's child. She only knew three of the children by the names of "Teddy, Joe, and Willie." The number was afterwardsincreasedto 11. Whiie witness was triere four children were taken away. Two were taken by both prisoners about ten o'clock at night, and they returned with the children after twelve o'clock, and said they were too late for the train. On thenext night they again took the children "home," as they said, and returned without them. The two were in long clothes, and had been in the house about a month. The prisoner Waters told her they were taking them away because they were ill. When the prisoners came back they brought a hood, cape, and cloak. Afterwards Mr". Waters took another little girl away and returned without her. About three weeks M!O another infant-the fourth- was taken away. Witness bad never seen the four children since. She was frequently told to go to the Post-office at Brixton and get letters addressed there to "Mr. Oliver. Sometimes she got six at one time. After the prisoner Waters bad read the letters she generally burnt them. She read them to Mrs. Ellis. Witness went twice to Mr. Keyfes, a chemist in Loughborough-road, for laudanum—on one occasion because Mrs. Waters tpldbertosayshebadatoothacbe, and on the other occasion because it was wanted to rub the chest of Miss Cowan s child. She also went to another chemist for laudanum, ana he refused to let her have any On the Friday night before the prisoners were taken into custody she remembered Mrs. Ellis coming home, and she was tipsy. Waters asked her who had made her so, and whether shehad been to Camberwell Station Just at the time a man passed the window of the house and looked in, on which the prisoner Waters said to Ellis, You nasty cat, you have ruined me." Witness assisted the prisoner to put Ellis to bed, and she said she bad done her out of -28 and she would let her brothers and sisters know. Witness further stated that Waters had sent her to a builder s close by to get lime, which she said was to keep sickness away from the children. After putting a piece about half the size of her hand into a jug of water for an hour a des. sert spoonful was, by the direction of the prisoner Waters, put into each of the infant s feeding bottles. The prisoner Ellis used to suckle her own child, and sometimes Cowan's child. No child died wti:e she was there. Mr. Harris, surgeon, attended Mrs. Ellis, and other medical men attended at e ouse. On cross-examination by Mr. Mayo witness said the prisoners were fond of children, and trea em all a Police-constable King proved finding the dead body of an infant, and produced the things m whtc 1 was wrapped. Mr. Poland said he should be able to identify the art'cles. A labourer named Franc's stated that he found the dead body of a child, and the articles of clothing found with it were produced. Police-constable Sheen stated that on the 17th of May the last witness handed the body to him. Police-constable Alford, said on the 24 h ot May he saw a basket at Peckham covered over, and found the body of a child very much decomposed. He produced the articles found in the basket. On the 10th of June inst. he saw a brown paper parcel and a piece of red flinnel wrapped round the body of a dead child about five or six weeks old. Alfred Dean proved finding the body of a child in a brown paper parcel at Peckham. George Anderson, a boy living at Peckham, said on Sunday we'-k he was on some logs of wood and saw a brown paper parcel. The summoning officer for the Coroner of East Surrey, to whom the brown paper parcel found by the last witness had been given, said on the brown paper parcel was the name "Mrs. Waters." The girl O'Connor was recalled, and identified as having been in the house where the prisoners lived several articles produced by the witnesses who had found the dead bodies of the infants. One of the !f i?u n worn by "Little Emily," one of. the children now in the workhouse. Mr. Poland asked for a remand, and believed on the iaext occasion he should be able to produce further evi- dence. The prisoners were remanded, and a hope was ex- pressed that on the next occasion some of the persons who had placed infants in their care would communi- cate with Mr. Superintendent Gernon at Carter-street Police-station.

CORRECT CARDS.—Most people have seen, with great pleabure, the announcement that the Post-office intends to issue "Correspondence Cards," which shall contain, on one side, a name and ad irepH, and, on the other, a written message, and be carried through the Post-office for a halfpenny. In these days of cheese- paring saving and skinflint economy, it is gratifying to nnd one Government department is able to give th* public carte ilclMlIe.J°f..

THE TURNER PICTURES. Lord St. Leonards answers the question which was put to Mr. Ayrton the other ni^ht by one of the Buckinghamshire msmbers, "whether the First Com- missioner of Works considered that a considerable number of the pictures in the Turner Gallery were creditable either to the national taste or to the national talent, and whether it was not desirable that they should be removed to give place to other works of art." Lord St. Leenards says that his object is not to defend Turner's pictures or his priceless water-colours, which will also be exhibited, but to explain by what right the pictures occupy their present position, and he does so thus Turner made a will, and several codicils, under which the Royal Academy took a Krie sum. an,1 the country the paintings now in question. The next of kio took the residue. The Academy and the Government agreed that the directions in the will and codicils were v i' and in an amicable suit agreed to the rights of the Academy and the nation, and the next ot kin took the residua The Academy and the Government dsalt with the money and the pictures as their own respective^ and subject to none of the directions in turner's testamentary papers. When this state cf things came to my knowledge my admiration of the pictures and my lova of justica led me to collect copies of the will and codicils and the proceedings in equity, and after a careful study of them, I satisfied myself that, diHcult as it might be, Turner's directions aud trust could be clearly made out, and th*t tbe Academy were hound to furnish Turner's gold medals as prizes in,i to gpoly the interest )f the residue in aid of poorartisfs; and that the Government were bound not to do as they pleased with the pictures, but to provide a separate gallery for them in connection with the Nation" 1 Gallery, just as they are now placed AttersometimetlJeR yil Academy agreed to treat Turner's directions as binding upon them, and have ever since done so. The Government, on tie contrary, insisted that they were bound by no conditions during, I think, four years; and during that time I was con- stantly bringing the question before Parliament. I believe the Government at last were satiitied that they were, as I informed them, in danger of losing the pictures if they longer delayed, and they agreed to refer the question to a select committee of the Lords, and a large committee was appointed, when the question was fully considered, and it wns resolved, although strongly opposed by the Government, that the country was bound by the testamentary directions of Turner in regard to th,¡ pictures in question, and that the Government ought forthwith to remove them from Kensing- ton, where they had been carried, to the place in National Ga'lery which they r ow (ccuoy. and which was at once carriea into execution and proud England mav weJl ba that, attached to ami forming part of one of the finest col- lecionsof art in the w rId, she exhioits a collection of masterpieces of enormous value, all by one of her sons who devoted a large share of his time in preparing them for the puhlic, and always refu ed to sell any of them, however tempting the price offered contemplating that they would, as they now do, lorm a collection whichno other country can exhibit.

"MEN IN WOMEN'S ATTIRE. "To the Editor of The Times. "Slr.-In the extraorrlins.ry position in which I find my- self phced, and from the peculiar course adopted by the Crown in this mitter, I fed justified in askiug for the in- sertion of this letter in your journal. I am now, as I hitherto have been, anxious to give the most unequivocal denial to the accusations which have been made against me: a ,d I most earnestly beg the public to suspend its judgment until the full inveetigat;on of a public trial has cleared away and explained the cit cumstances of suspicion alleged against me. I pledge myself to surrender on the trial at the Centra Criminal Court on the day appointed, as 1 am desirous of courting the fullest possible inquiry, being conscious that the greater the light which can be thrown on this uufortu- nate case the clearer will be my excutDation. I am now, and have been for some time past, prostrate on a bed of Rickness, or I would before this have surrendered to the warrant and submitted myself to the authority of the Court. I have instructed my solicitor to retain the services of counsel to represent me on my trial, when I shall clearly and honestly show that nothing can he laid to my charge other than the foolish continuance of the impersonation of theatrical .char2cterp, which arose from a simple frolic in wbich I permitted myself to become an actor. It would ill become me to animadvert upon the course the prosecution lias deemed fir, to pursue in silencing, by in- cluding m the indictments thofe who could otherwise throw light npon the case that I leave to my counsel and advisers 011 the fitting occasion, and to the common sense of the com- munity. whose calmer judgment cannot possibly exert itself until the mists of prejudice, naturally excited by the enormity of the oilsnce charged against me, shall have been dispelled by the lull liaht of a free and impartial trial. I am, Sir. your obedient Strvant, June, 1870

The Daily T< leg >-aph thus comments upon the death of Lord Arthur Olin on In ordinary cases the mere announcement, of the event would have been Ell that wa' rtquired of the journalist; for there was nothing soecWy notable in his Lordship's career, and it is expressing only the bare truth to say that what little was known reflected on him no credit whatever. The son of an eminent nohlem -n, whose c'oslng were em- bittered by an overwhelming domestic sorrow, he never/it is to be feaied, enjojed the benefit of that lender hut vigi- lant control which might have guarded him against ill- fluences vicious in their immediate effects. aid as de- structive of refinement as of self-respect. Thus he might have disappeared from the catiil >gue of fast young men about town, wi hont exciting any particular no- tice, give that of the tradesmen who were his credi- tor. or of the werk and wicked sssociates who seem never to have dsserted him. But recent events in connec- tion with a trial which is about to take place have given a deeper and more shocking interest to the fate of the un- fortunate nobleman It is known that he was charged with complicity in a long series of offences, and that a warrant had teen issued for his apprehension We are informed in the documents which we printed yesterday that the sole reason why be escaped arrest was his illness that, so far from seeking to evade justice, he was anxious to surrender; and that to the last he persisted in a solemn tii °* serious charge made, pleading guilty to nothing more heinous than indulgence in a very silly frolic Oil these averments we do not propose to offer a single word of comment—for the approaching trial will probably decide all the facts connected with the miserable story. Meanwhile we cannot but look with sad- ness, cotunmixed with pity, on the last moments of a foolish t v0Se m's?u'dad career has Inflicted a new stain on the escutsheon of a house, distingu shed in the last generati' n by one who must he ranked among the most intelligent, honest, and sincere in the roll of English statesmen There are some, however, still living, who are associated with the young prodigal by name aud hmtJy-although themselves honourable and respected—who certainly deserve a word of sympathy. Whilst death seals up the sad and wasted career of Lord Arthur Clinton, the painful nature of their position earns a general tribute of regard.

GARDENING OPERATIONS FOR THE WEEK. fFroTi the Gardener's Magazine.) [AJ1_ excellent weekly journal, containing much valuaiMC information for amateur and professional gardensrs.j KITCHEN GARDEN. On hot dry soils a Mulch of anything that can be got hold of is of more use to quick-growing crops, in nineteen cases out of twelItY, than soakinas of water. Even if the time can be sp ited for keeping the crops well watered, the mulch will be a catiital anxilian, in preventing the rapid evaporation which would otherwise set in, and thus enable the plants to receive the full benefit to be derived from the water. Instead of carting tne short grass to the rubbish-heap, take it to the ki'chen gardt n and lay it alongside the rows of Peas or Be?ns that need it most, or spread between the rows of Cauliflowers tlr any o-her choice crop. ShArt litter from the stable is of Cdurse the best, but anything that will keep the ground cool and moist is hetter than nothing. Successional crops of Mustard and Cress ought to he sown under hand-lights, for it is impossibls to obtain either crisp and succulent in the open air now. The main crop < f Leeks must Le cot in soon, if not alreidy done as piea-usly advi-ei. Give cnpious supp ie<of wa ei to Vegetable Jl.trrowsai d Ridge Cucumbers, to enable them to st nt away free!y. L^te-plan'ei Tomatoes and Capsicums wid be benefited hy the same attention. Af-i ar^gus cutting must, now c -age for this seas n. or he "grass" next year will be poor and weak. We have Kt.-dv met with a few people still cutting away at their beds, and consequently fsel bound to caution our leaders aga nst the evil cf la'e cutting. It is not possib'e to have stron j crowns for cutting at next year if the beds are impoverished now. Calery must not suff ;r from drought, either in the trenches or seed bede. Dig up every plot of ground directly it becomes vacant, so that it may be ready for planting during genial Ehowers or on a dull d ty. FRUIT GARDEN. The search for maggots which are to be found curled up in the leaves of all the wall-trees, must still be kept up, or they will do a lot of damage to the trets. The routine work i f pinching or stopping of the young wood on pyramid and bu. h trees must sti 1 be carried oil. To prev-ntih^ ie.dinga:ioor» growing too fr ely at d robbirg. hOEe lessfivorrably s:mated, stop them a weeic b< f trehand, or even stop twioe, 11 need be, to keep a proper balance. Stop the outdoor when they have madj four or five leaves, to ensure fine stocky wood fer bearing next year. Pinch hack the young shoots of outdoor Vines to one joint beyond the bunch; select a strong sho it towards t"!e bottom of the rod for training up for bearing next year. Outdoor vines produce much better crops trained on the long-rod system than any other. Dust with sulphur the f oliage of any of the trees directly the least signs of mildew are perceptible. FLOWER GARDEN. Now that the bedding plants are consigned safaly to their Summer quarters, every endeavour must be made to give them a good start, as the season at its best is so short. Ii the plants are long btfore they make much progress, tte summer is gone before they cOIHril,ute to the beauty of the flower garden. Subtropical plants that are turned out in properly- prepared beds, with a good drainage of brickbats At the bottom, will require a copious watering occasionally in dry weather. St ike hollyhocks to prevent the wind injuring the spikes, and tin Dihiias as they progress iu growth. Sow Brompton and Queen Stock*, and layer Pinks, Carnations, and Picotees as tiiey go out < f bloom- FORCING. Pines.-Fruit which Is allowed to become perfectly ripa be ore it is removed from the pI, nt is never so lich-y flavoured as when it is cut a week or so before nttainu g maturity, and finished of fin a cool ttmpersture. To speak in arousch way, nil but the two bottom layers (.f pips s'n uld be yel ow and thsse should be just c iai ging. The fl uit sho-i d he phced upright, in a bottle wi.Ua wide mouth, or some other contrivance, but without any water. Standing them iu water only makes them flut and insipid, without making the slightest difference in the weight. Give an abundance of air to plants just ripening off their fruit, and alfio to young growing stuff. Whore the fruit li only swelling, ItHi ventilation will be necessary, as it shells best in a moderately c.t)-e and moist atmosphere V%nes.~lt materially spoiis tne appearance of the berries to dash water against them, but rather than let the ioliage of the vines in tne late house become infested with red-spider, ply the syringe vigorously against the foliage. Whether there is any appearnance of red-spider or no; thoroughly saturate the floor with water twice a day. This is as much necessary for the healthy development of the foliage and berries as it is for the suppression of vermin. Peaches and Nectarinei.-Where practicable, the lights ought to be taken entirely off the early house from which the crop has been gathered. The dews and showers with which we shall be favoured between now and the autumn will help to keep the foliage clean and healthy, and swell up the buds for next year, without the labour which is otherwise necessary in the case of trees that cannot be exposed in this way. Crops ripening must have plenty of air to develop the rich flavour. Later houses still must heve abundance of mci-sture, both at the roots and overtiead. The b rders of any of the houses must not became cust-dry at this moment; frequent examinations be:ow the surface had better be made to prevent its recu-rence. Cucumbers —Two thirds of the mishaps which befall these at this season may he safely attributed to want of attention in kee <in^ the growth properly stopped and recu- lated, and in waterioa them with cold hard water. The young shoots should be pincVsed at one joint above the fruit, and supeifiuous ones taken away alio^e.'her before they get too big. Where raia-wp.ter is so scarce as to leave no choice but to use pump-water, let it be placed in the open air twenty-four hours previous to using Either mix warm water with it or stand it in the pit or house, so thtt it may be the same temperature as that of the house when applied to the plants, whether to the roots or overhead. Plan's that have been in bpanng some time, and show signs of ex- haustion, may be rejuvenized by cutting away the principal part of the wood, aud top-dressing the bed with fresh soil. Before this is done remove the top crmt of the bed, which has become sour from the successive waterings thereon. Keep close and shaded until the young growth is starting away, and then gradually increase the air and lessen the density of the shade, and fiually treat the same as young established plants. PLANT HOrSfS. Greenhouse-Became the hard-wooded plants which lately occupied this structure are now turned out of doers, it must not be thought that they require little or no atten- tion. On the contrary, a greater decree of judgment must DD brought to bear u ion the watering than heretofore. The rains we have are never sufficient to thoroughly wet the ball of soil right through. This misleads intxperienced cultiva- tors, and the plat is sufferin consequence. Tile soil is seldom moistened beyond an inch or so 011 thesurface, and the lower part of the ball is perfectly dry. The plants should be looked over regularly, and watered if they require it, whether the weather is fine or not. Ripping the pot with the knuckles is tie best indication of tne state of the ball of soil within it. The sound o< each pot must be studied separately, for some pots ring much clearer than others, so much so that one will ring as much with the sr-il in a moist condition as others will when quite dry. Speaking roughly, a ringing bell- like sound is an indication of the plants requiring water. Keclecc of watering camellias between now aud September is the most general Ciuse of the buds dropping before ex- panding, or immediately afterwards. These plants do not evince signs of suffering so quickly as many others, but the injury is Done the less sure. Wnenever it is necessary to give water, give enough to reach every particle of the ball, and then leave them alone until the bed is dry enough right through to require an application of that element again. FRAMES. The Chrysanthemums will soon require their last shift, for it is not advisable to let them get pot-bound too much before they reach the flowering-pots. Stop and train as it becomes necessary, whilst the wood is young and soft, as it breaks badly when it once gets firm andhard. Some growers object to pluuging the pots, but there is no positive harm in so doing. Where labour is scarcs, it is much the best way to plunge the pots in something into which the roots can extend u i. will save much time, and the plants will be less likely to suffer from drought. To prevent them rooting through, stand the pots on slates, and place about them a few dry leaves or something of that sort.

AN ESTATE IN ENGLAND CLAIMED BY A PITTSBURG FAMILY. In the latter part of the last csntury, and about the coming in of the present one, the Coward Family have ruade great innovations in the diet of many hale and hearty Englishmen, who were convinced that garden truck was the only fit food for the stomach (.iays the Pitt-burg Commercial). To revolutionize society more completely on tbe snbjtct co1le¡!t's, churches, school- houses, hotels, and gardens were established under their auspices, and communities were founded to promulgate the peculiar vegetarian ideas of the founders. After the novelty of the experiment had worn away most of the followers of the new philosophy full again into the way of consuming flesh, fowls, and beef, awarding vegetables second place on their bills of fare. In 1816, William Coward, the last of the foreign line of the fsmily died in England, leaving the vast accumulation of real estate to bs divided in the interest of heirs whose whereabouts he knew not of. The pro- per'y was placed in charge of trustees to await the coming of clumants, and through half a century has been accumulating and growing more valuable. Recently the English Court of Chancery appointed D. W. H f-ndrickson, a celebrated lawyer of Monmouth county, N.J., commissioner and trustee for heirs to the estate who might ba found in this country. The pro- p»r;y at the liist valua'ion wns assessed to be worth £ 50,000 000 sterling, or about J3250 000.000 in gold coin or th* United States. In 1807 he visited Europe in his official capacity, and obtained such d.ita and infor- mation as led to the discovery of surviving heirs in this country. A family of Cowards in Trenton, N J., claimed the estate, but thus far have failed to trace out-their genealogy in manner satisfactory to the re- quirements of the law. Not l >nar ago. correspondence was opened with Mr. Robert Coward, the well-known brickmaker of this city, and in a very short time it was made apparent that the united claims of himself and brothers to the estate were sufficiently clear and well-founded to warrant legal prosecution. Eminent attorneys in England were at once employed in th' case, who, acting in co-operation with lawyers of this country, the Messrs. Coward and Mr. Hendrickson, trustee, have met with much success in tracing the ine of descent of our Pittsburg family to that extinct in England. Mr. Coward will leave shortly for Eng- land to advance his interests, and unless some link be missing in the records of his family to prevent his suc- cess, it is very probable that he will come back one of the wealthiest men of the country.