The Carmarthen Journal and South Wales Weekly Advertiser

THE NATURALISTS' CORNER (BY J. B. & G. -II.-H. Following our brief remarks last week, we wish in this issue to give a short account of some of the opportunities inhabitants of the town have of study- ing the wild life which surrounds tlieni. Many of our reader, only want a start, and given that start would show a keen interest in working up the countv records in natural history. Botanical and entomological specimens flourish around us in all the wild extravagance of nature. Manv entomological specimens have been taken in the last few weeks which have not previously been recorded for the county. Manv places might be taken to show the profusion of natural objects. About Llanllwch may be seen fivino- such insects as the Marbled White Butterfly, the Grayling, and the Pearl Bordered Fntillary. Close bv might be seen the commoner buttertiies- the Red Admiral, Peacock. Painted Lady. Common Blue and Small Copper. These are always to be met with at this time of the year. One might also meet with the Brimstone Butterfly. Ouly a few weeks a^o there might have been obtained near this place hundreds of Marsh or Greasy Fntillary. and common Heath Moths. Again, the Speckled-wood Butterfly and the Ringlet are no strangers to this district. The three Common Whites, and the Common Meadow Brown are also quite common. Here too mav be found what may be considered a raritv for South Wales-the Brown Hairstrea^ Orange" Tip Butterflies, the Large, the Dingy, and the Grizzled Skippers, the Wall and the Laige a,nd Small Heath Butterflies may be seen in profusion on any.warm day. Nor are the moths less plentiful Of the Hawk Moth« the Large Elephant, and the Prnet Hawk Moths are found. The Five and Six Spot Burnets are no strangers to these parts, neither are examples of the Forester. Two specimens of the Tigers fie- •auent the*e parts—the Common Tiger and the Cream Spot Tiger. The Fox Moths, Drinkers, Lackey- and the Oak Eggars make these fields their homes; while the Buff^Tip is very common. At dusk. about the hedges, such moths ag the Herald, Silver Y, Early Thorn. Oak Beauty. Large Fmerald various Garnets, the Blood Vein, moth the Magpie. Lesser ^lagpie, Clouded Border and the Snmll Phoenix. Numerous others might be quoted. Cntil a short time ago it was thought that the Common Heath was a stranger to.this ^hty (the nearest place it has been captured at b^in^ Pen dine) A few weeks ago hundreds of these moths were seen 'at Llanllwch and Llangunnock. There are be- sides the moths and butterflies mentioned numerous caterpillars, which will eventually supply perfect moth3- On June 18th and July 21st two specimens of the Green Horn Moth were taken. This moth, which is just a little larger than the common Clothes Moth is verv interesting on account of the size of its Their antennse or feelers are about five times the length of their body, and are of a light greenish tinge. It is easy to recognise this moth when it is on the wing, for its antennae glitter at each movement the moth makes. It is often seen fanning its wings, which are of a dark brown colour, while at rest on an oak leaf. The moth can be taken at light and also by beating the herbage at dusk. Some speciments of the insect have been taken near the kennels, but various other localities seem to be frequented by this Adela. Along the heath near the railway, the Adder, the Grass or Ringed Snake, and the Slow Worm may be found. The Viper has made quite a home for itself here, some attaining a length of twenty-two inches. One adder was taken this year which had its two fangs on one side of the mouth, one im- mediately behind the other. It may be mentioned here that the Adder, or Viper, is the only poisonous British snake. There are two varieties to be found —the Common and the Red Viper. The markings on both are similar in form, the colour only differ- ing, that of the Common being from sepia to black, while in the Red the markings are of brick colour. The Red Viper rarely grows more than a foot in length. Both these varieties are to be found in the Llanllwch district. The Grass or Ringed Snake, although very formid- able in appearance, is quite harmless, although when handled or frightened it is capable of exuding through its skin a substance very offensive to the smell, and which, if it gets on the hands will necessitate many washings before the smell is entirely removed. Weasels and hedgehogs find their home here, and even a badger has been seen in the wood close by. Pond life in the same way is full of interest. In the stream near Llanllwch the larvae of tne Dragon Fly and Caddis Fly may be found. Newts and Voles are not uncommon, while along the hedges several lizards may be found. The same district forms a prolific field for the botanist. From year's end to year's end interesting finds mav be made. Even in December the furze bushes make a fine sight. On Christmas Day last year several specimens of the Barren Strawberry were seen. and near here was found in the beginning of February a Buttercup. To give anything like a complete list of the flowers would be beyond the scope of this article. To give some idea of the profusion, last week over one hundred different specimens were taken between the Ystrad and Green Castle. Along the railway side the Wild Garlic make its presence known. The Greater Celandine, Cowslip, White Wild Hyacinth, and Ling, are to be seen in bloom here, as well as Succory, the Rose Bay Willow herb (mentioned last week). and Goat's Beard. Perhaps the wealth of plant life gives us a solution to the wealth of insects, which spend their early days be- fore metamorphosis upon them. Along the hedges may be seen the Wild Apple, Wild Cherry, and Sallow. These are of great interest to the entomologist, as they attract numer- ous insects. On the Marsh near here the Insectivorous Family are represented by the Sundew and Bladderwort. Insectivorous plants usually grow in soils poor in nitrogen; thev therefore get their extra nitrogen from the dead bodies of insects they capture by means of special apparatus generally developed in connection with the leaf. In the sundew the leaves are covered with delicate red filaments largest at the edges; there are about 200 on a single leaf. Each filament bears at its extremity a gland which secretes a sticky substance which the insect mistakes for honey. As an insect alights on the leaf the tentacles bend inwards, the tentacle that is first irritated being the one to move first; then the movement is set up in the whole fringe of tentacles, and the insect cannot escape. The secretion of juico by the tentacles is increased as soon as tho insect touches them. The juice is acid, r and by means of it the nitrogenous substances present in the insect's body are digested. If an in- sect is caught by a marginal tentacle, it is gradually transported to the middle of the leaf where the digestive fluid is poured out in the greatest quantity. Digestion takes at least a couple of days; the ten- tacles remain bent during this period, and the leaf more or less curled up. When digestion is com- plete, the tentacles straighten themselves and the leaf unfolds. The bladderwort is abundant in little pools of .till water. Here the trap takes the form of a bladder developed instead of leaves on some thread- like stems. Each bladder has a valve which opens inwards. An insect pressing against it pushes it in, but as soon as the insect has entered the bladder, and it is no longer pressing against the valve, the elesticity of the valve makes it spring back and close I'C the opening. The insect cannot then make its escape. What attracts the insect is unknown. Kerner suggests that it may be to tind lood, or it may be seeking shelter from other insects. The fact that only very small insects can enter the bladder seems to indicate that they are seeking refuge from larger insects. The bladder is lined I with cells especially adapted for absorbing the products of the decaying body. Another plant which makes its home in these parts is the Narrow Leaf Bog Cotton, which may be easily recognised by the tuft of cotton on a long etalk. The Bog Asphodel and the Bog Bean are also found here, the latter with its beautiful three- foliate leaves and graceful white or pink flowers being perhaps the most beautiful of all British wild flowers. Manv splendid ferns are also to be obtained hcre- When all these beauties of nature are so common in the neighbourhood, it is very remarkable that so very few lads take any interest in what they find on a country ramble. By many people, the naturalist who works the country with his vasculum or net is considered a crank. Perhaps it is needless to say he derives pleasure and benefit from what he pees and hears. If more young people devoted their time to the study of nature we would have less ignorance concerning natural objects, and would also obtain a clearer knowledge of them, for at present there is still a great deal to be found out as regards the county f specimens both in the branches of Botany and Entomology.

PROPERTY SALES IMPORTANT PROPERTY AUCTION AT LLANDOVERY. Messrs. William and Walter James, F.A.I., of Swansea. Llandilo. and Llandovery, conducted an important property sale at the Town Hall, Llan- dovery, on Friday, comprising the outlying portions of the Pantglas Estate, situated in the borough of Llandovery and different parishes in the union. These with what were disposed of at Llandilo on Satuidav, which include properties in the borough of Carmarthen, parishes of St. Peter's, Llangathen, Llandilofàwr, Talley. Llansawel, Llanddewibrefi (Card.), etc., comprise 23 separate freehold farms, several rich accommodation fields, freehold ground rents and building sites, 5 free double-licensed public-houses. 9 shops and dwelling-houses, etc. containing a total of about 2,236 acres of the esti- mated rental of £1,350 per annum, the property of Mrs Spence-Jones, the Deanery, Gloucester. The sale at Llandovery on Friday attracted a very large attendance, and there was some brisk bidding. The solicitors for the vendor were Messrs. W itcombe and Haines. Gloucester, and Mr. H. Alfred Thomas, of Llandovery. Two dwelling-houses, Nos. 2 and 3, Church Bank, Llandovery, let at an aggregate yearly rental of B8 10s.. were sold to Mr. Benjamin Jackson, junior. New-road, Llandovery, for £ 175. A field called Caecerrig-L'chaf. Llandovery. let at £ 14 per annum; and containing 3a. 2r. 26p., was secured by Mr. Isaac Havard, Queen-street, Llan- doverv, for £330. A field called Caecerrig Canol, Llandovery, let at E10 per annum, and containing 2a. 3r.. was withdrawn at JB225. A field called Cae- cerrig-Isaf, at Llandovery, let at £ 12 per annum, and containing 3a. Or. 20p.. was sold to Mr. J. Ed- wards, of Treherbert. for JE530. A field called Gas- works Field, at Llandovery, let at E5 a year, and containing la. 3r. 2p., was withdrawn at £ 1S0. A freehold ground rent, secured on ground upon which is erected the Llandovery Gasworks, of £ 8 1ik per annum, was sold for £ 200 to Mr. D. T. M. Jones, solicitor, Llandovery. A timber yard saw- pit, etc., at Llandovery, lr. lip., let at £ 3 per annum. was purchased by Mr. James, Kidwelly, for £ 205. A lead ore shed and yard at Llandovery, let at JE5 per annum, was knocked down to Air. D. T. M Jones, solicitor, Llandovery, for £90. Grant-a- Cottage, Broad-street. Llandovery, let at E16 per annum (inclusive of rates), was sold to Mr. L. P. Lewis. Llettvevandde, Llandovery, for C325. The licensed Black Ox Inn, Broad-street, Llandovery, let at JB14 per annum, was bought by Mrs. Mary Price (the tenant), for £ 500. Bank House, Market Square. Llandovery, let at £ 39 per annum, was sold to Mr. D. T. M. Jones, solicitor. Llandovery, for £ 715. Licensed premises, the King's Head Hotel, Market-square, Llandovery, let at B57 a year, was sold to Messrs. D W. and T. Roberts, Emlyn Boot Stores, Lian- devery. for Jbl.lou. Licensed premises, six uens Inn, together with roadway at rear, Stone-street, Llandovery, let at JB15 5s. per annum, was sold to the Swansea Lnited Brewery, Swansea, for E300. Ironmonger's shop and malt house, Stone-street, Llandovery, let at £ 19 5s. per annum, was pur- chased by Mr. Saunders, solicitor, Llanelly, for JE500. A warehouse. No. 56, Stone-street, Llandovery, let at JB2 10s. per annum, was sold to Mr. Jones, White- hart. Llandovery, for £100. Licensed premises, the Butchers' Arms, Llandovery, let at £ 16 per annum, was secured by Mr E. Jones, Butchers' Arms, Llan, dovery, for £ 360. A field called Cae Hopkin, together with smithy, o-arden-street, Llandovery, producign an sirithy, Garden-street, Llandovery, producing an aggregate annual rental of £ 16, and containing la. 3r. 34p., were sold to the Rev. W. W. Poole-Hughes, The College. Llandovery, for JE550. Field adjoining let at £ 21 5s. per annum, and containing 3a. Or. 10p., was Knocked down to the Rev. W. W. Poole- Hughes, The College. Llandovery, for £ 500. Rhyd- talog Farm, in the parish of Llanddewibrefi. Cardi- ganshire, containing 126a. 5r., let at E12 per annum, with sporting rights worth an additional JE2 per annum, was sold to Mr. Jones. Nantllwyd, Llan- ddewibrefi. for £ 300: timber, £ 2 10s. in addition. Llan Howell Farm. in the parish of Glascwm. Rad- norshire. containing IlIa. 3r. 24p., let at E80 per annum, fell to Mr. Isaac Bowen, Victoria-road, Llanelly. for £ 2.000: timber, £ 154 in addition. Bryncarthog Farm, in the parish of Llangammarch, Breconshire. containing 45a. Or. 18p., let at E22 10s. a year, was sold to Miss Thomas (the tenant) at £ 550; timber, E25 in addition. Llwyn-neuadd Farm, in the parish of Llanwrtyd, Breconshire, con- taining 81a. lr. 12p., let at E272 5s. per annum, to- gether with Penmaenllwyu Farm, in the parish of Llanwrtyd, containing 85a. Or. 30p., let at JE25 per annum, were sold in one lot to Mr. David Williams (the tenant), at £ 1,550. Llettyrhaflaeth Farm, in the parish of Llanfairarybryn, Carmarthenshire, con- taining 109a. 2r. 15p., let at £ 70 per annum, was disposed of to Mr. Daniel Thomas, Ffynonoer. near Llandovery, for £ 1,900; timber, E25 in addition. Penygaer Farm, in the parish of Llandingat, con- taining 239a. lr. 10p., let at £ 134 per annum, was purchased by Mr. Rees Williams, of Cefnherryn. near Llandovery, for £ 3,450; timber, £ 275 in addi- tion Cwmmynis Farm, in the parish of Cilycwm, Carmarthenshire, containing 87a. lr. 29p., let at £6:) per anmlm, together with accommodation field called Cae-Talrhyn, in the parish of Cilycwm, con- taining 6a. Ir. 16p.. let at C6 a year. were disposed of in one lot to Mr. C. V. Pryse-Rice, of Llwyny- brain, Llandovery, for £ 2,025; timber, J695 in addi- tion. Penrhiw Farm, in the parish of Cilycwm, containing 64a. Sp., in the occupation of Mrs. Thomas at JE45 per annum, was sold for £1,425 to Mr. Daniel Thomas, of Hereford Stores. Blaen- clydaeli. Troedrhiwesgair Farm, in the parish of Llanwrda, Carmarthenshire, let at JE40 per annum, and containing 62a. lr. 8p., was sold to Mr. J. C. V. Pryse-Rice, of Llwynybrain, Llandovery, for £ 1,150; timber. £ 30 in addition. Eleven' small building sites in Garden-street, Llandovery, at JB1 per site. were also offered, and the whole were pur- chased by the Rev. W. W. Poole-Hughes, of Llan- dovery College, for J6195. The remaining portions of the estate were dis- posed of at the Victoria Drill Hall, Llandilo, on Saturday, by the auctioneers. The solicitors for the vendor were Messrs. Witcombe and Haines, Glou- cester, and Mr. H. Alfred Thomas. Llandovery. T'le lots were disposed of as follows:—The Elephant and Castle, Spilnian-street, Carmarthen, let at J616 per annum, sold to Miss Wade, the tenant, for JE550. The Old Black Ox Inn (now a private dwelling house), adjoining the previous lot, let at L12 per annum, to Air. Bona, the tenant, for £ 300. Accommodation land at Tanerdy. Carmarthen, called Cae Banker. 4a. 3r. and lOp., let at JB17 per annum, Mr. T. Hinds, £ 450; Rhiwdorth Farm, Llangathen, 24a. 3r. 12p.. let at JE50 per annum, Mrs. Evans, the tenant, £ 1,000: Tirycwm Fields, Capel Isaac, Llandilo, 3a. and 36p., and let for JS5, Mr. David Stephens, chemist. Llandilo. £ 150; Mill Hill Allotment, Llanvbyther, lOa. 2r. and 22p., let to Mr. Evan Lloyd, sold for £ 17; Mill Hill Farm, 100a 3r. and 2ip.. annual rental £ 26, Mr. Evan Lloyd, the tenant. E650. Freehold ground rent of 10s. per annum, secured on Aberllech Cottage. Abergorlech, together with reversion to the back rental at expiration of the lease 15 years hence, which is of the present annual value of JB5, Mr. J. Walton Bishop, JB45. Bryndafyddisaf Farm, Llansawel, 62a. lr. and 27p., £4.3 10s. per annum, the tenant, Mr. D. Evans, £ 1,100: Brvndafydd-uchaf Farm, Llansawel, 69a. 2:. and 2op.. let at C32 per annum, and Newgate Farm, lOa. 3r. and 12p., let at £10 per annum, Mr. J. George, the tenant, £ 950; Llwyndiriedd Farm, Cayo, 141a. 2r. and 6p., let at E30 per annum, Mr. D. T. M. Jones, Llandovery, £ 750: Pantadarn Farm, Cayo. 79a. 3r. and 35p., annual rental £ 20, Air D. T. Al. Jones, solicitor, Llandovery, £ 475. A building site at Llansadwrn. 2r. 8p.. let at JE1 per annum, Mr. J. Bevan, the tenant, JE54. Two cottages and field on Waunslynda, la. 27p., JE6 per annum, Mr. Davies, Ynysau, £100. Waungoch meadow, near Glanbreinant, Llangadock. 10a. 3r. 39p. let at JE6 per annum; withdrawn at L125. Tirygarn Fawr, Llandilo, 17a. 9p., and let to Mr. James Davies at 210 per annum, sold to the tenant for JB250. Tirylan Farm, Llandilo, 124a. lr. 32p., JS55 per annum, Mr. Morgan Jones, the tenant, £ 1,550. Hafod Farm, Llandilo, 168a. 2r. 33p. JE65 per annum; Mr. Griffith Davies, the tenant, for £ 1,950. Halfway Shop, Talley, Ir. lip., annual rental £ 6 5s., Mr. John Evans, the tenant, £ 170; Tynewydd Cottage and land, Talley, 2r. and 10p.. let at £ 2 per annum, Mr. E. 0. Rees, Half Way, Talley, Llandilo, JE52 10s. Rose Cottage Field, Talley, 3a. and 13p., let at 10s. per annum, Mr. Evans, Half Way Shop, near Talley, JB55. Maerdy-uchaf Farm, near Talley, 125a. 3r. and 31p., JE78 per annum, sold at £2,080 to Mr. H. A. Thomas, solicitor, Cardiff, for a client (Air. Davies) Alaerdy-isaf, 95a. 2r. and 6p., let at £ 75 per annum, Mr. T. J. Davies, Morriston, £ 2,025. FREEHOLD FARM SOLD AT LLANDOVERY. At the Town-hiil!. Llandovery, on Friday last, Messrs. William an-1. Walter James offered the free- hold farm and larL-, called Cwm-mawr, near Half- way Schoolroom, and between Llandovery and Tre- castle, in the occupation of Air. Joseph Jones, as yearly tenant, at 12 per annum, and containing 12a. 2r. 14p., was sold to Mr. aniel James, Dol- falltfach, near Llandovery, for JB500. The solicitor acting for the vendors was Mr. Cecil Acomb, of Newport. FREEHOLDS AND LEASEHOLDS AT LLANDILO. Alessrs. William and Walter James offered for sale at the Victoria Drill Hall, Llandilo, on Satur- day last, the following properties :—The freehold farm. known as Tygwyn, parish of Llansadwrn, 40a Or. 20p. or thereabouts, rental JE56 per annum, the timber valued at L20. withdrawn at £ 940; Rock Villa, held for 80 years from September 29th, 1875. at ground rent of JE5 per annum, withdrawn at 2600: the leasehold dwelling-house, shop, and gar- den. No. 29, New-road, Llandilo, rental B16 per annum, withdrawn at JB290. The dwelling-house, shop and garden, No. 28, New-road, Llandilo. 217 per annum, tenant paying rates and taxes, held for 99 years from March 25th, 1866, at ground rent JE1. sold to the tenant, Mr. John Roderick, for L300. The dwelling-houses, Nos 25, 26, and 27, New-road, each let at JB11 per annum, tenant paying all rates and taxes, and held for 99 years from Alarch 25th, 1866, subject ground rent of 19s. each house, were withdrawn at JE200 each. No. 24, New-road, rental of £ 16 per annum, similar lease, ground rent J31 per annum, withdrawn at £ 275; the leasehold premises No. 5, Bridge-street, Llandilo, and known as the Towy Coffee Tavern, rental of JE15 per annum, held for 70 years from September 29th, 1872, ground rent 1;15, was also withdrawn. The solicitors were Messrs. Thomas Phillips, Llandovery (for the first lot), and D. John Davies, Queen-street, Cardiff. SALES BY AIR. W. N. JONES. At the Cawdor Arms Hotel, Llandilo, on Thurs- day the 22nd inst., Mr. W. N. Jones, auctioneer, etc, Tirydail, offered a number of freehold pro- perties, comprising ten artisans' dwelling-houses forming Thomas-terrace, Llandilo; also six building sites forming part of the Thomastown Building Es- tate. situate near Llandilo Railway Station. A freehold corner building plot, adjacent to the new cattle market, having a frontage of 106ft. to Blende- road, and a frontage of 84ft. to Thomas-street, was sold to Mrs. Johns, greengrocer, Rhosmaen-street, Llandilo, for JE145. A building site having a frontage of 36ft. to Thomas-street was withdrawn at JE45. For a building site having a frontage of 36ft. to Thomas-street there was no bid. For a building site having a frontage to Blende-road of 102ft. and a frontage to Thomas-street of 56ft. there was no bid A building site having a frontage to Clarendon- road of 36ft. was withdrawn at £50. A corner building site having a frontage of 102ft. to Blende- road and a frontage of 58ft. to Clarendon and Sta- tion roads was withdrawn at L80. The dwelling- house, No. 1, Thomas-terrace, Llandilo, let on a monthly tenancy, was sold to Mr. David Davies, carpenter, Thomaston, Llandilo, for L217. No. 2, Thomas-terrace, was withdrawn at JBSOO. Nos. 6 and 4, Thomas-terrace, were withdrawn without a bid. No. 5, Thomas-terrace, was sold to Mr. Wil- liams, grocer, Ammanford, for JE217. No. 6, Thomas-terrace, was sold to Air. Thomas Jones, the tenant, for JB217. No. 7. Thomas-terrace, was with- drawn at L210. No. 8, Thomas-terrace, was with- drawn at L210. No. 9, Thomas-terrace, was with- drawn at £205. No. 10, Thomas-terrace, was sold to Mr. David Davies, the tenant, for £216. Mr. Lewis Bishop, solicitor, Llandilo, acted for the vendor. LAAIPETER. At the Royal Oak Hotel, Lampeter, on Monday. Mr. Ben Evans (Messrs Ben Evans and Evans) sold Pantrhew Farm, Pencarreg, to Mr. Rees Rees, Nant- gwynne, Pencarreg, for J3150. Mr. F. S. Rees, Pem- broke, was the solicitor for the vendor. At the same hotel, -Air. E. R. Lloyd, Penblodeuyn, Llangybi, offered ten freehold premises called Llwyn- grocs Shop, parish of Gartheli, which were with- drawn at J6250. SIMPSON ESTATE, ROCH. Alessrs. John Francis & Son, Carmarthen, offered for sale at the Mariner's Hotel, Haverfordwest, on ire, Saturday, the Simpson estate, Roch, Pembrokeshire, comprising about 551 acres of freehold property be- longing to Colonel Harries, Hilton. The auctioneer remarked that Colonel Harries had originally in- tended putting the whole of his Nolton and Simpson estates in the market. Simpson South Farm, over 177 acres, annual rental £ luu, the tenant paying rates, was sold to Mr. John Owen, Rhoscanog, for £ 2,100. Simpson Hill, over 65 acres, let at E65, was withdrawn at £ 1,200. A small holding of over 79 acres, known as Trapps, let at J595 a year, was with- drawn at £ 1,750; Simpson West, a farm of 138 acres, rent E80 a year, was withdrawn at 21,875; Simpson North Farm, with over 71 acres, £70 a year, withdrawn at 1;1,475. Two freehold fields were not offered, but Mr. Francis intimated that he was prepared to negotiate privately. Messrs. Morgan Griffiths, Son, and Prosser, Carmarthen, were the solicitors. LLANYBRI DWELLINGS. On Friday, the 23rd inst., Alessrs. James' Davies and Phillips offered for sale at the Black Horse Inn, Llanybri, six freehold dwelling-houses and two parcels of land in the vicinity. There was a good number present, and satisfactory prices were realised upon the property. The first lot offered was the cottage and garden in the occupation of Thomas Tucker, at the annual rent of JE5; bidding began at £ 30, advancing briskly to L55, at which it was sold to Mr. Lewis Roberts, Blaengarw, as was also the adjoining cottage, tenanted by Charlotte Jones, at the same rental, the purchase-money being £ 47 10s. A plot of land, called Pontantwn Field, let at £ 1 per annum, was withdrawn at J317 10s. The next the dweMing-hoe Plasvpant, annual rental of JS5 10s., started at JE40, rising to JB50, at which price it was bought by the tenant Joseph Lewis. Lot 5 consisted of two fields, Plasypant Fields, con- taining about 22 acres, were put up at £ 100, reach- ing eventually the sum of £ 125, the buyer being Air. James Thomas, The Green, Llanstephan. Three cottages, comprising Cross-street, Llanybri, at annual rental of JB2 12s. each, were bought in one- lot by Air. John Walters, Alaesgwyn, Treherbert, for JE95. Messrs. Alorgan Griffiths, Son and Prosser, were the vendors' solicitors. Mr. Walters, Treherbert, on the previous Satur- day, also purchased, by private treaty, the valuable farm, called "Hooks," in the immediate neighbour- hood.

SOME EARLY ACCOUNTS THE EISTEDDFODAU, 1099. Robert Earl of Gloucester, the son of Henry, the son of William Rufus, married Mabli, the daughter of Robert Fitzhamon, and received the Lordship of Glamorgan in right of his wife, who was descended from the Welsh Princes. He gave presents to the Bards in Tir Iarll; and in a hall of his there, he placed the Roll oi the Round Table, in the custody of the Bards of the Island of -Britain and from that the two systems were united, namely, that of the White Stones, and that of the Round Table, as they exist there at present; so that with the Bards of the Chair of Tir larll. more especially than any of the poets of Wales, are the principal systems pre- served in their completeness, to this day. After this (1100). Prince Gruffydd, the son of Rhys, the son of Tewdwr, made a feast in istrad Towy, and in Cardi- gan Castle, when bards of song and string music were sumptuously entertained, and received honour- able presents of gold and silver, and apparel, and horses, together with other valuable presents of jewels. This year, Gruffydd, the son of Cynan. a prince of North Wales was in Ireland with his rela- tives, and whilst lie was there an eisteddfod was held there of musicians of stringed instruments, and bellows instruments (bagpipes), and there re- turned with him to Wales chief musicians of string music, and improvements were made in stringed music upon what had existed prior to that time in Anglesey and Gwynedd (North Wales). And that eisteddfod was called Eisteddfod Glvnachlach. Afte- the time of the princes the nobles' took the bards and musicians under their protection. 1340. Ia ine time of Edward the 3rd, the Eisteddfod of Gvern-y-Cleppa (a mansion a short distance from Bassaleg, Monmouthshire) took place, under the patronage and gifts of Ivor Hall, and to it came the three brothers of Marchwiail in Maelor, in Powys (North Wales), and Llywelyn ab Gwilym), of Ddol Goch, Newcastle-Emlyn, in Cardiganshire. T'nt three brothers of Marchwiail and Dafydd ap Gwilym had been scholars in bardism to Llewelvn ap Gwilym at Gwern-y-Cleppa—that is the Court of Ivor Hall. At this eisteddfod D. ap Gwilym gr.ined the c'hair for a "cywydd" and was designated Dafydd of Glamorgan, but in North Wales Bardd Ivor Hall. Shortly after this, another eisetddfod was held at Newcastle-Emlyn, and to it came John Kent (or Kentchurch) in Herefordshire, a Welsh poet and clergyman, and Rhys Goch Eryri (Snow- don) Gwilym ap Gwilym won a chair for an amatory song, etc. The following year an eistedd- fod was held at Marchwiail or Maelor in Powys, under the patronage of the Earl of Mortimer, and the Crown of Edward III. At this eisteddfod the chair was won by one of the sons of Marchwiail for his Cywydd Gwr. 1400 or 1410. The Eisteddfod of Pen Rhys Aldnasfery is our next, held under the patronage of Owain Glendower, at the said monastery. At this eisteddfod an ode w ;s read by Gwilym Tew, chief poet (on "The Virgin Mary"), to the young bards, to show them the different metres which wereused in old times. This Penrhys Monastery was in Rhondda Valley, and was destroyed and its treasures sold by Henry the 5th in 1415, because its abbots were partial to Gler.dower's cause. 1451. This year the first great Eisteddfod was held at Carmarthen, under the patronage of King Henry the 6th and Griffith Nicholas, a poet and gentle- man from Drefnewydd yn Ninefwr (Newton in Dinevor). Gwilym Tew had corrected the aforesaid ode to the Virgin Alary and held it up as a lesson on the old metres at the eisteddfod. 1461. The next Eisteddfod was held again at Carmar- then ten years after the first. This eisteddfod was proclaimed from year to year for three years, and from three years to three years, till the ninth year, and after that on the tenth year the eisteddfod was held in the Town Hall. The bards of North and South Wales assembled at this. Dafydd ap Edmwnt and his servant (as good a poet as himself almost) rode on horseback all the way to it.

LLANSAWEL have received a letter from "Lover of Justice" in respect of the report of a charge of keeping a trap without a licence, heard at the last Petty Sessions, but cannot make use of it. With reference to the defendant "being armed with 'Law for the Million,' it was not written in any jeering sense, but as a plain statement of fact. If "Lover of Justice" thinks this work is equal to "Stone's Justices' Manual" all well and good.

CWMAMMAN EISTEDDFOD Saturday last, the 24th inst., was an auspicious day at Cwmamman, for it was the day on which the first big Eisteddfod in the valley was held. Such gather- ings. on a small scale, are not new to Cwmamman, but this was a great event. A spacious marquee —capable of holding about 2,000 persons—had been erected on the Recreation Ground, the site of which has lately been generously given to the valley by' the noble Lord of Dynevor and the Hon. W. F. Rice. The day opened beautifully, a.nd with the large num- ber of competitors which had entered for the vari- ous events it was at once seen that Cwmamman was in for a record day. There was a considerable dis- play of bunting along the main road. This was perhaps only natural, considering that the president of the morning meeting was the Hon. Walter F. Rice—one of the donors of the spacious and much- needed Recration Ground, on which the Eisteddfod was held. The platform in the marquee had been tastily decorated. Mottoes were seen hanging around bearing well-known Welsh inscriptions as "Y Gwir yn erbyn y Byd," "Goreu arf, arf Dysg," "Duw a Digon," "Iesu na'd Gamwaith," etc. The chairman of the Eisteddfod Committee was Mr. Jeremiah Thomas, Garnant; the vice-chairman being Mr. J. Jenkin Morgan, Glanamman. The treasurer was Mr. Willie Roberts, Garnant, and the duties of joint secretaries were efficiently carried out by Messrs. John Jones, A.U., Garnant, and D. Davies, Glanamman. The musical portion of the programme was adjudicated upon by Messrs. D. Thomas, M.A., Muc. Bac (Oxon.), Swansea, and Wr. J. Evans, Aber- dare. The adjudicator of the literary part being Mr J. Jenkins (Gwili), Ammanford, who also acted as conductor during the day. Air. John Morgan, A.L.C.M.. Garnant, and Miss S. A. Lewis, Glan- amman, ably acted as accompanists. A pleasing figure was that of a harpist in the person of Mr. John Lewis, Trebanos. MORNING MEETING. The president was the Hon, W. F. Rice, Dynevor Castle, who was introduced .bv the Rev. E. A. Davies, vicar of Cwmamman. The Vicar said the name of the president was a household word in the locality, and he was the son of the best father in the country round. He afterwards read the follow- ing appropriate verses:- Hawddammor Gwm-vr-Amman, Nid Amman, Aberdar, Dymunwn oil longvfarch Cwmamman hoff Sir Gar. Amid Its brownish records, May this red-letter day Prove white for our Eisteddfod, In token of her stay. You've made a wise selection Of president-to start,— For Urian Rice Dynevor Will nobly do his part. 0 linach Rhys Ap Tewdwr, Ein hanrhydeddus wr, Sy'n Gymro "waed coch cyfan" Ac l ni'n dellwng dwr. Trwy fvvynder tad ein Llywydd, A'n Walter Rice ynghyd, Ni gawsom wych chwareu-faes Yn rhad, hyd ddiwedd byd. Without this public dowry Where would we be to-day, Well-minus our Eisteddfod A phawb, yn ddwl—yn nhre'. Ond mwyach—ni bydd grwgnach Am le i chwareu'r bel; Am awyr bur agored, Er iechyd pawb a ddel. Our annual Eisteddfod Has found a "Home" to-day, Thanks to My Lord Dynevor, God bless him-long, we pray. The Hon. W. F. Rice, on rising, met with a most hearty reception. He expressed sincere thanks for the honour done him in being asked to preside over the first big Eisteddfod in the Amman Valley, and he hoped this would be the hrst of a long series of successful gatherings of this kind. It w.as always a pleasure to listen to the beautiful and natural voices of the sons and daughters of Wales (cheery. He hoped the children would be brought up to take an interest in song and art. All who had read history knew that the Eisteddfod was a very old institution. Such gatherings had been held even as far back as the fourth and sixth centuries. One of his ancestors, Gruffydd ap Nicholas, had taken a prominent part in promoting a great gathering at Carmarthen in the year 1451. This had been an Eis- teddfod on a princely style, for the chair they com- peted for was all of silver. The prize was withheld until the consent of the King had been obtained to present the winner. Kings at that time were in- clined to think that large gatherings in Wales and elsewhere were simply meetings to intrigue against them. Things had now changed, the joys of the people were now also the joys of the King (cheers). He compared at some length the difference between the ancient and modern times. In olden times a jester was kept, and he could fancy nothing more horrible than paying a man simply to make jokes (laughter). In Wales, however, they had a harpist, and at Dynevor Castle to-day there could be. seen the harpists' room (cheers). There was also there a very old Welsh harp which had been presented to Lord Dynevor by John Roberts, the harpist. The old ancestors were sometimes hard and even cruel, but they had after all a love for song-a, song from the heart. Why were we enraptured by the singing of Madame Patti and Madame Clara. Butt? Why- they sang from the heart. The children of to-day would be better men and women by being brought up in the land of song. However bad a man or woman was, he or she had always some good part, and this good part would be best brought to light by music. In conclusion, he expressed his sincere wishes for the success of the Eisteddfod and the continued prosperity of the Amman Valley (cheers). The competitions were then proceeded with, and the following were the awards:- Pianoforte solo, "Fete Champetre," for those under 14-1, Miss Getta Nicholas, Landore. Recitation for those under 12, "Ti elli fod yn Gymro" (Gwili)-l, May Davies, Lower Cwmtwrch; 2, M. M. Lewis, Waunarlwydd. Recitation for those under 16, "Ein Cyfle"-l. and 2, divided between M .M. Lewis, Waunarlwydd, and May Jones, Panteg, Ystalyfera. Three Verses to "Dwfr, Awyr a Than" (Water, Air, and Fire). There were seven competitors, and the prize was awarded to "Iolo," whose name did not transpire. Singing any Welsh Air (Welsh words) for girls under 16—1, Llinos Thomas, Glanamman. Singing any Welsh Air (Welsh words) for boys under 16-1, J. Steven Davies, Pantyffynon. The adjudicator (Mr. D. Thomas), in giving these awards, complimented the committee in putting these two last events for competition. These Welsh National Airs should not be forgotten. They deserved to be remembered, and he wished other committees of eisteddfodau to bring them into note. pianofore Solo, "Troupettes de Joie," for those under 17-1, Getta Nicholas, Landore. AFTERNOON MEETING. In the unavoidable absence of Lieut.-Coll. D. Morns, the Rev. J. Edryd Jones, xjopular pastor of New Bethel Chapel, presided at this meeting. The reverend gentleman said he would do his ut- most to fill the vacancy. He was sorry for the ab- sence of Col. Morris through iilness, and he ex- pressed a hope for his speedy recovery (cheers). The Eisteddfod was an old institution, and every Welsh- man should be proud of it, and should strive to make the institution more successful than it had ever been (cheers). It was the medium to bring out the. best talents of the people. There was a danger of condemning the Eisteddfod owing to the fact that it was competitive. The great cry now-a-days was for combination, and this was averse to competition, but the idea of the Eisteddfod was not so much the winning of the prize, but the drawing out of the besfc |Ll^en?:s of its supporters. Competitors in the old Olympic games competed not for the sake of tho laurels they might win, but for the perfection of athletism. The great aim of the Eisteddfod should be to bring out the best efforts of the people, there- by bettering others and turning the talents for the benefit of the nation at large. He hoped this first gathering would be a red-letter day in the history of Cwmamman, and that it would be a means of bringing out the very best talent of the musician and artist alike (cheers.) I The competitions followed with the following re- suits:- Poem to Dyffryn Amman (Amman Valley). There were nine competitors, and the prize was divided between "Tristan" and "Eos v Garn," whose names were not transpired. However, later in the day it transpired that "Tristan" was Mr. R. Wil- liams, Brynamman, better known perhaps as "Gwydderi-g." Essay, "Angen penaf Cymru heddvw" (What Wales needs most to-day). Seven had competed, and the prize was awarded to Mr. Alyddfai Thomas, Ffaldybrenin. The adjudicator described the essay as "splendid and worthy of the Eisteddfod." Solo for those under 16, "The Guiding Star"-I, Miss Blodwen Jones, Garnant; 2, Miss May Morgan, Garnant. Singing "pennillion" with the harp, for those under Iu"—1, divided between Joe Morgan, Cwm- gorse, and Llinos Thomas, Glanamman; 2, divided between Annie Lleweliyn, Glanamman, and Annie Rees, Garnant. Soprano solo, "Gwlad y Bryniau"-l, Madame Bessie Morris, Ammanford. Contralto solo, "Tad yr Amcldifad"-I, Madame Agnes Thomas, Tirydail. Children's Choir, "Nant a'r Blodeuyn." Two choirs competed, viz., Bcttws (conductor, Mr. J. Williams), and Garnant (conductor, Mr. Harry Owen). The first, prize was awarded to Bettws, and the second to Garnant. Tenor solo, "Babylon"—1, Air. Glvn Walters. Gowerton. Open recitation, "Prophwydoliaeth -Milton am Cromwell" (Milton's prophesy of Cromwell). The prize was divided between Mr. John Evans (Gar- nantvdd), Garnant, and Mr. Tom Harry. Garnant. Instrumental quartette, "A Soldier's Tale." Two parties competed, viz., Ammanford and Gwaun-cae- Gurwen. The prize was awarded the latter. Bass solo, "Angladd y Marchog"—1, Mr. AV. Michael, Garnant. Ladies' Choir, "Clvchau Aberdovey" ("Bells of Aberdovey"). Two choirs competed, viz., Pontar- dawo (conductor, Mr. D. Dav:es), and Brynamman (conductor, Mr. J. Clun Williams). The prize was awarded to Pontardawe. There were nine competitors for the ode to "Cvn- ydd." not under 200 lines. The prize was awarded to "Amanw." While, the adjudication was being given all the local bards were on the platform. "Amanw's" name being called, proved to be Mr. W. Jones, Brynamman (Gwilym Brynamman). He was escorted to the platofrm by ''Ceidrim" and "Glan- berach." Gwili's enquiry, "A oes Heddwch," met with an unanimous reply of "Heddwch"; and "Amanw" was chaired with bardic honours. Mr. Cornelius Rees sang the "chairing song." Singing "pennillion" with the harp—1, Richard Morgan, Brynamman; 2, Tom Jones, Pontardawe. Chief Choral Competition. --Alale Voice Party, for the best rendering of "Crossing the Plain." In this there was keen competition, there being five parties, who sang in tho following order, viz.:—(1) Clydach (conductor, Mr. G. Davies): (2) Pontardawo (Mr. D. Daniel); (3) Ammanford (Mr. E. Hopkin); (4) Bryn- amman (Mr. John Jones); Gwaun-cae-Gurwen (Mr. D. Roberts). The prize was awarded to Bryn- amman, while Gwaun-cae-Gurwen were declared second. Second Choral Competition for Mixed Choirs, "As the Heart Pants." Two choirs only entered for this, viz.: Cwmamman (conductor, Air. John Jones), and Alltwen (conductor, Mr. LI. Lewis). The latter named choir was declared winner. A chair, offered by Mr. Tarr. Ammanford, for the best musical rendering of the day, was awarded to Mr. W. Michael, Garnant. It should also be noted that the oak chair for tho best ode was kindly given by Mr. D. Thomas, ironmonger, Garnant. SACRED CONCERT AT CWMAMMAN. On Sunday evening, the 25th inst., a grand sacred concert was held in the spacious marquee in which the eisetddfod was held on Saturday, under the presidency of Dr. T. Morgan, Garnant. The pro- ceeds went towards the Recreation Ground, tho site of which has been so generously given by Lord Dynevor and the Hon. W. F. Rice. There was a crowded audience, and the order was of the best. Appended is the programme:—Part I.: Selection by the Cwmamman Silver Prize Band, uader the con- ductorship of Mr. Ben Jones; baritone solo, "Arm, Arm ye Brave." Mr. W. Michael, Garnant; soprano solo, "The Light of the World," Madame Bessie Morris, Ammanford; recitation, "Y Gadlef New- ydd," Mr. T. Harry, Garnant; tenor solo, "Thord," Mr. Thomas Thomas, Ynyshir; contralto solo, "Nearer my God to Thee," Madame May Jones, Ammanford; baritone solo, "Kingdom Beautiful," Mr. Ben Jones, Glanamman. Part II. Cwmamman Mixed Choir (led by Mr. J. Jones), "As the Heart Pants"; contralto solo, "The Better Land," Miss Blodwen Jones, Garnant; recitation, "Rhyw Ddau." Mr. John Evans, Garnant; tenor solo, "Yr Hen Gerddor," Mr. T. Thomas, Ynvshir; contralto solo, "He was Despised," Madame May Jones. Amman- ford; bariione solo, "Y Bachgen Dewr," Mr. AN-. Michael, Garnant; soprano solo, "Yr Arerlwydd yw fy Mhugail," Madame Bessie Morris. Ammanford. A vote of thanks to the chairman and artistes was proposed by Mr. M. Morgan, M.E., Garnant. The meeting concluded by the singing of "0 Fryniau Caersalem ceir gweled," to the well-known tune of "Crugybar," led by Prof. Thomas Rees, of Wilkes- barre, U.S.A., America, an old Garnant friend, who is now paying a visit to his native land.

USE OF STIMULANTS A stimulant can do no more than draw on the reserves; it borrows for one hour what must be paid back the next hour. No horse owner will be- lieve that whips and spurs can be substituted for oats and hay! And so it is with men and women; no amount of stimulants can take the place of good food, well digested. When appetite and digestion break down and you feel weak, nervous, prostrated —perhaps after an attack of influenza, as was the case with Mrs. Emma Dimmock-vou need Mother Seigel's Syrup, the remedy that cured her. It does not spur you up and let you down afterwards, but it restores the lost power to your stomach, liver and kidneys, so that you can digest your food, and get from it the substantial nourishment that Nature in- tended you to have. Mrs. Dimmock lives at Leavesden Green, Watford, Herts. Not long ago she wrote us:—"In 1902, after a serious operation, and before I had regained my health, I was struck down by a violent attack of In- fluenza. The result of that was utter loss of appe- tite, great weakness, nervousness and Indigestion. In a little while I lost three stone in weight. After four months illness and treatment I tried Mother Seigel's Syrup, but by the time I had taken eight bottles of that medicine, I was as well as ever 1 had been in my life. And now, more than six years after, my health continues as sound as I could wish it to be." There are the plain facts. Mrs. Dimmock needed strength, and she found it, because Mother Seigel's Syrup enabled her to digest her food. Then that food nourished her in the true natural way. Mother •Seigel's Syrup is a purely herbal medicine that exerts a tonic, curative effect on stomach, liver and bowels. The 2/6 bottle contains three times as much as the l/lg size. Prepared also in Tablet form as "Alother Seigel's Syrup Tablets." Price 2/9.

REVIEW.—First Welsh Reader and Writer. By Professor Anwyl, M.A., and the Rev. M. H. Jones. London: Swan, Sonnenschein, and Co. Pp. ix.. 142. 2s. 6d. The volume before us, belonging to the excellent series of Parallel Grammars, forms a com- panion to Professor Anwyl's Welsh Grammar, which appeared some years ago, and has given a great impetus to the scientific teaching of Welsh in the schools and colleges of the Principality. As the title suggests, this volume is intended for students who desire to read and to write Welsh, and it con- tains a large number of valuable and carefully graduated exercises in Welsh based upon the gram- mar in the same series. The book is in three divi- sions, of which the first is introductory and designed mainly to meet the needs of persons who have no speaking knowledge of Welsh. Here initial diffi- culties are ably dealt with, e.g., the pronunciation and accentuation of words, and the initial mutation of words, which is rightly described as the English- man's chief difficulty which perhaps might have been treated in a slightly simpler fashion. A careful study of this introductory section will enable the student to read Welsh correctly, and it has the advantage of being well-supplied with useful vocabularies. In the second part of the book Accidence and Syntax are dealt with, not, however, from the point of view of grammar, but from that of one who desires to read and to write the language with freedom and interest. Many important rules and valuable hints are given with reference to the various parts of speech, and all the usual difficulties of the student are met in this important seortion, which in turn deals with the definite article, the noun, adjective, pronoun, preposition, verbal noun, and the verb. The treatment of the last two themes is exhaustive and admirable in the extreme, and the student will here find considerable help in his attempt to master the difficulties of the Wrelsh language. To this sec- tion is appended a list of revision tests in Welsh grammar; here the student, following the plan of the book, may test his theories by the valuable prac- tice which the answering of these questions un- doubtedly affords. The last section opens with a number of parsing charts; the parts of speech are again taken in order, and the formation and con- struction of. a Welsh sentence are made clear by a most careful and thorough analysis of its parts. Then follows a most valuable practical guide in the form of a list of the same or similar words used as different parts of speech. Nothing is commoner even among those who write Welsh than a confusion be- tween such words as "mae" and "mai," "ar" and "a'r,"1 "yw" and "i'w," etc., but to refer to this list when writing is to deliver oneself from per- plexity and to find a satisfactory explanation for tho right usage in each case. So important is this list that we think it would be improved if the examples were translated in full. Of great value also is the list of errors in Welsh spelling and sentence con- struction, where the orthography and the idiom of the language are discussed and an illuminating com- parison of English and Welsh idioms is given. The book. ends. with two vocabularies, Welsh-English and English-Welsh and a very incomplete notion of the book is formed unless it is stated that it contains ses and is" in fact, largely made up of exercises in translation from Welsh to English and 'vice versa.' The printing and the arrangement of the matter are at once clear and intelligent (we have dsicovercd only one misprint "cae" for "can" on p. 105). and follow the general plan of the series. The book, on account of its authorship, is of interest to readers of the JOURNAL, and it will no doubt find a warm welcome among students of the vernacular in this country. For classes, such as those which were held in Carmarthen last winter, the "Reader and Writer" must be invaluable, and it will lighten considerably the labours of the instructor and pupil alike. Wo are confident that any person desiring to master the Welsh language cannot provide for himself a better 'outfit' for the accomplishing of that task than by procuring this excellent handbook—"the First Welsh Reader and Writer"—and using it in conjunction with companion volume, the "Grammar of the Welsh Language" by Professor Anwvl, who, in collabora- tion with the Rev. M. H. Jones, is responsible for the "Reader and Writer."

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LLANGEITHO WILL OF MR. D. BENJAMIN.-Mr. David Benjamin, of Trafle-ucha, Llangeitho, Cardigan, who died on July 24, left estate of the gross value of 2502, with net personalty 282. and administration of his estate has been granted to his grand-daughter, Miss Sarah Benjamin, of the same address. HOMIXG PIGEON ASTRAY.—Mr. J. T. D., of Llan- geitho, has just captured a homing pigeon, and he is anxious to find the owner. On the ring round one of the legs are the following:—"R 1908 14."