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Chwiliwch 15 miliwn o erthyglau papurau newydd Cymru
14 erthygl ar y dudalen hon
Cuddio Rhestr Erthyglau
14 erthygl ar y dudalen hon
QUESTIONS ASKED AND ANSWERED
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QUESTIONS ASKED AND ANSWERED is iu. J- Munt, • a°QTerie-itreet. Fleet-street of King, of Apple.—Tom 0Dodd.—Mere de vT" Dot so large as usual. l1r' of Apples.—W. Knife.—No. 1, War- 8 King; No. 2, Garibaldi. of of Apples.—R. Morriss.—No. 1, Court No. 2, D'Arcy Spice. leretj?^3 of Booker.—No. 1, Con- cl l'io. 2, Duchesae d'Angoleme, both >^iex?TkUr^'6 Barley.—Oat of 341 samples of ^ihiKn*wn Loudon at the late Brewers' Sto^ 0n were the Chevalier variety. Vwlnf t Parsnips.—J. Adams.—They are ^uipJ 4 in «odl, and dry up as *»eet h' They are them quite fresh and but they often shri-ruk when stored. *T. Prpd-ucirij Seed Year After Year.— flints' nr e be6lt seed is produced from ^ooterf at oiiJy seed onoc, and are then. ^e«eTii~0?t- Plants that are kept for seed 0$e> an d poor pianta follow. Name of the 8mnll-l-p<aved Vir- TiiQ yreeper.—"W.R."—Ampelopsis Veitohii. ftUfgJ^t-er name implies tue name of the t^oriW5' ftrst introduced this most T11"3* climber. of APple.—"J. H. G."—The Ol'd Oat's it sauce and cooking ajpple r Ulas- Your specimens aire umder- thoiii'j assume the tree is very old. You P*ant a young one. Soutu"^?rt as Grafting' Clay.—In the spring ^ool a,i€s "^ad^r wrote and asked me if Uie nj_lrt would be a good material to u<se in of grafting clay on fruit trees. I to encourage him, a.nd he now writes ..o was a failure. "Slit '• Trees for Grafting, Ac.— ?r siVt\I assunie "sore" means unhealthy! **<ilirrf tr€«s. and they should be avoided, as y would be sure to result. irruit trees h«xt now. I will deal with them w ^^GJ £ « —Oat-ch the hen and Of 8fti~72 feet. Look carefully for thorns « thftSf8 which may have entered. Extract *°n iwi' ,5' P«>ba,hly, it is a com, and if ^ith laj^j3, lump pair it down and rub ^tit^ n^*um Lilies Hardy?—W. G. Beneon.— tender, and one or two degrees 'Viii LW1,, if.iure them severely. They the all under protection now either in. <kQCe> 1Qdow or the greenhouse. See to this at !^u^fUTrpe m Soil.—"J. A."— 7!° e stumps with paraffin oil now and or weekly for a, month or two; then e on to-P «f the stumps, and S||)iterl v smoulder a-way and be oon- *Urf *°u can then level *p the holes and °r eeed them over. °f Applets.—"B ar ueton.—No. 1, 1? &ap^^yen<>r; Xo. 2, Histon Seedling; No. ^SjriDni ?PnV,. Hawthorn-den; No. 5, J ^Te Ji Seedling. The little spots on No, y •an i,n0ect. You should spray •tig, T s. 'n, wunter and spring to destroy (Xj,. m-u- instruct on tikis in. a short time. Asta-T^ Separator.—"A Welsh Reader."—The 1tl IS the cheapest crea^ "r>arator in the ~X'ii ^ne of eJrianming capacity of seven- is hour c&a be bought for £ 8. ^asaly-worked, efficient machine, and il'i<'t;. far either largo or email Pj for Lo* Wall—J. A. Smith.—Gooee- fQst-ia^i warrants woold furnish it int»- aad profitably. As ornamental heiaM; ^Onia mocraatha, Graitaegus SVlkaJhi Borberis stenephylla are all "^ves ?' r<>;es would also adapt them- Ways> 10 position and produce line dis- in Field—"Jnrube."— >i?Uu ™em when only two or three X the will ran omt of them and ^•y Hri m ?ery mnc*- would be in ^iU m Junt' a-7ia July, and you ttOg. them very mucJi. Persistent cut- only way of ertermmating them, ee of PIaJltg( &«.—"P. M."—White fructo alba; the ^tprf ♦^> ylea piTh Vines axe easily 8T>Hjw r^n cuttings in. a warm house in the lAiv ,'e re1**? will beer wihen two years old. boA Valley flowers freely, as a rule,! Iw~ the open-air and undea- gkuee. the tea roses in Februsury. for Greenhouse: Gerandums Withering. 6n J• S."—The temperature between 50 and <*egT>eeB will do very nicely, but you may *ar\Lto lower it in. severe weather. Do not your plamta ia greenhouse overhead ^jT*- See to the drainage at the bottom of 6 the geraDiumu aire ahriveiling the soil firmly, and merely keen at the rocxts. „Olim-bear to Oover W.C.: Table Plant.— feinilai.—The Virginiaai creeper would cover (t quickly, but it is not erergTeen, and would not be a screen in winter. In preferemoe I viae you to plant the large-leaved. Irish ivy. it gtroyrs freely, and makes a permsment ficre«i of large leaves, 'l^ne palm Phoenix ieclliiata oar Ghamdropa Euunlia -would pleoae you and grow in your gsreien Ull'ee .p111Hng to rŒtriot it to positions «ae month to prone it. lie white specks c^-mation. plante ore mildew. Drcst them cowers of sulphur. The yoon* holly- J^ks shouid be allowed to remain where aire till April, when you can, move them, ■^tect in severe weather. for Laying Heats.—Jessie Acbama—Good Lte oats are a. firat-ratte food for laying ens. They are very healthful, and keep m excellent conditicm. Yon should feed soft material in the morning, and give as ST"? oaA'.8 aB they will eat in the evening, put on them from Indsian corn they do take to them very W4\ll, but do not oo of tins, as they wiil soon get used 'l'1be Goord Plant.—"J. J."—There is a plant y gen.eraJJy grown iin gardens called the JyJrK J* is a relation of the vegetable mur- KJS i_ produces a great variety of fruits various sizes, forme, and colours, which ln^«restang, but they acre only ornar ht-^ j fn<i Juyi' aocetpta/ble as food. Our q t day gourds are. no doubt, deeoen- >voniu mentioned in Scriptnre, but I «t &ke to say wo etdll possess the •ae vadoety, aJthough this is poeeiWe for Pig Feedin.g. O. J." and .are Tery partial to acorns, amd aSS, tarive oaputaJJy on them. They are thJ.trer Poisonous nor injurions to them, and given freely. If the pigs a<re run- og cut they vwll ro to the trees and help jr^raeelvea bountifully, but if penned up you ^°uid collect the acorns and give daily. You rj^ild ateo collect and store a lot, as they a most economical food, especially for **°se being fattened for pork or baoon. being fattened for pork or baoon. Eeheverias in Winter.—"W. A. 8."—Bcheve- oft not barely- Frost injures them, and tten kills them if exposed in winter. You foetid dig them up at omce and plant them shallow boxes as close as they will stand. V«e a sandy soil. Moke it very firm, and r*a«e them in your greeahouee. Give little Tjater, as they will remain in good condition kept almost <3ry at the roots. If frost 8bould. occur severely cover tihem over with soft cloth material nightly so long ae lasts. Transplianiing Gooseberries, Grafting, &0.- —You can transplant youx gooeo ^rries, curranuj, shrubs, Ac., now. Notes appeared recently on ins-srtang cuttinra ()f &hrul». Please take the ends off the coots of the roses, a.nd introduce them t once in sandy soil in a. siheltered 6pot. .pples 3X6 be&t smfted 011 the I^.rcwiise Btock, and pears on the Qmnce. Afarch and April ^ct- ^t months to graft. Gather tiie PPks vvtien dry, and store in a dry room or where frost oan.aot reach them. August b,A^ favourite momth to bud xx^ee. Sow1 e^«,T seeiLinf Majcil J* A^ril- lx is mnoh Easier reared from seed than cuttings. You secure eeed froon the wild plants. Yori oaai easily increase rhiibajrb by sowtn* aeXS *n April, or a quicker -way is to digim IA* J^jn Warci, divide, and re-plant. I am Iwaeed to be of service to such. an. oid jltih ■tppreoaa&ive subscniiber.
RURAL JOTTINGS.
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RURAL JOTTINGS. TALUA.BIA HINTS AND INFORMA- TION. lMPROVING THE TURF ON LAWNS, ORIOKITr GBOUNDS, AND REOREATION PLACES Good turf is a pleasure-affording surface on a. lawn. Cricket patches destitute of grass aa-e detested, patchy bowling-greens a.re a torment, bald tennis lawns make polite Mayers forget their respectable language and even the old ladies who play croquet are fidgety if a oarpety-Jike surface is not found Under their feet, while recreation grounds tor all classes are wearying if surfaced like Go turnpike road; but with turf that is refreshing to the feet and relieving to the eyes the most incapable of appreciation cannot resist feeling and expressing delight, j All of the games I have named are immensely popular, and well they may be, as they include nearly every recreation the general public indulge i11, and no effort should be left undone to keep all in the most agreeable order. The one great desire is to aavo close, grassy surf laces. They have been Borely tried this year. The drought a.nd heai were so excessive that all thin surfaces were scorched grass less, and bare spots of more or less extent are very ooaramon. To re-grass these will be a. keen desire. To/re-turf them would be expensive work. So would all the details of sowing seed. The clioapest and be&t way is to apply manures which will Induce new growth of a. robust character, aaid the one manure of a. specia.lly qualified character to do this is basic slag. This is a black, gritty mineral powder not unlike soot, but much heavier. As a matter of fact, it is an aah. It is much employed on farais to improve poor pastures, amd it does so splendidly. It has the same influence on the tnrf surfaces I have ennxmerated. It is applied from October till April, but as spring approaches and dry weather occurs, it is very lazy, and does not act half so well as when -put on tm the autumn. It requires Itnuch moisture to develop its properties, and ■if applied pow-yes, now, please—the winter • rains will set all going. It is practically rowiDg it away to sow a.fter the new year. The beat results are not obtained then, amd *4 boot titota oaj-tojaHr sood reeulte will lMt forthcoming. It is a very cheap fertiliser, 'i wis is one reason innumerable tons of it have been used on the farm. It is obtain- able at from E2 to £3 per ton. Keep it quite dry before applying. Do not sow on a windy day, as much of it will be conveyed to parts where it is not wanted. Sow from one to two pounds to the square yard. Distribute it evenly. Once put on it does not require any mora attention. The surface will be black after sowing, but the rain will soon wash, it to the roots. CHARMING DAFFODILS. There is a great variety of bulbouB plants. They produce flowers of greatly different forms, hues, and fragrance. Specialists have their particular classes. Some go in for the largest flowering kinds, others for the brightest; but if well-con- eidered, few or none equal the daffodils in usefulness and delightful fascination. They grow and bloom in all soils and localities, and continue capable for years. They make a delig'htful picture in beds, borders, groups in shrubberies, in the grass woodlands, and nooks and corneis everywhere. They have a particularly neat and graceful habit of growth. They excel all bulbous plants in this, and the blooms are produced in an equally elegant style. The different forms of the flowers are highly interesting, and as cut-flowers for room decorsution they are not surpassed. They are fully decorative in themselves for dinner-tables, sitting-rooms, and wherever they may be placed. A-mong-at the flowers that are offered for sale in the streets from bulbous plants none are found in such profusion so long as obtainable as the daffodils. This is an unmistakable indi- cation. of how they are appreciated, and no better testimony of their value could be offered. I aim, therefore, especially anxious that every one who possibly can. should plant daffodils now, and whether that be by the dozen, hundred, or thousand all the returns will be sure and joy-giving. CARE IN WATERING POT PLANTS. We are now at a ticklish time of the year for pot plants. November and December are two of the worst winter moaitha for them. They feel the change from the genial summer to the trying winter, and damp is their worst enemy. It causes more rot and decay than all other conditions, and once the shoots are affected the plants are very apt to perish or fail to an extent that makes tdietm very worthless. A half decayed plant is a most unsightly object, and all that is possible, should be done to avert this. Resolve not to let it b?gin, and secure exemption by the most careful course of giving water. The roofs of the houses the plaints are in should be absolutely waterproof. Where the rain comes in every time it falls the atmosphere will always favour deciay. Emptying water about the floors is a ruinous proceedings. Do not let the plants become dust dry at the root. If they are, and when water is given them, they will not retain it, but a lot will run straight through on the floor. When the soil is slightly damp it does not do this, but do not give a drop more waiter than is needed. Do not wet the leaves, and keep the ventila- tors at the top open a little always that the moisture may escape. GLOBE ARTICHOKES. Severe frost injures these, and sometimes kills them. They, ttieficefotre, require some pro- tecting before frost occurs. Remove all decayed leaves, fork round the plants, place a Layer of ashes round the stems, and put half a barrow-load of stable or other manure round each plant. If manure is not obtain- able tree leaves will do. THE VALUE OF TREE LEAVES. I see an Americaa journal writes of these tU3 if their value had only now been, dis- covered. I have intimated to readers for years how exceedingly acceptable they are to cultivators, and all should note this now. Many make the great mistake of burning them, thinking they are destroying refuse and getting well rid of them. This is exces- 6ive wastefulness, as for mixing in the soil and as plant food they are just as useful as the best manures. For lighten.ing heavy soil nothing is batter. To induce cuttings and seedlings to root leaf mould has a peculuur power, and all who propagate find this material invaluable. Nurserymen, who are particular in dealing wi-th every facility they can get hold of, attach the utmost lanport- &ace to leaf soil, and I would have all growers do the same. The leaves of the oak and beech miake the best mould for pot plants. It is more kind and du;r<able than those of the ash, elan, sycamore, Ac., and all who require leaf-soil far potting should ooAleot the oak and beech leaves and keep them by themselves. The softer leaves are quite suitable for vegetable ground and flower-beds. The leaves when collected should be put in a heap in any odd corner in the open to decay. Turn them occasionally, antl all the house slops should be emptied on those intemed for dogging in. This will increase their fertilising properties. increase their fertilising properties. OVERCROWDED POULTRY YARDS. Overcrowding poultry is a great mistake at all seeusojis, but it is more injurious in winter than summer. The ground is lesa eamiitary in winter, and. the fowls a.re more dwpoeed to mope and. be inactive, a. mode always conducive to sickness. There is a. pTe- dominating inclination to crowd to excess in aJl ycinds. It is thought the more fowls the more eggs, but such does not follow. Indeed, the reverse is the rule. The evils of over- crowding may be reduced to some extent by great care in cleanliness, but even then results never favour crowding, and, depend upon it, moderately-stocked yards will prove more profitable amd satisfactory than any approach to overcrowding. If the winter is started with too maaiy ail will suffer more or less before it is half over. Then there will be the worrying experience of getting them back to heailth, with greatly reduced capabi- lities, whereas start with a reasonable num- ber, and there need be no hitcih. A space of two square yard* is not too much for each fo-wl, atnd this should be counted in the run, and' not include the area of the rooeting- house. very many will have to reduce thedr atock to bring them down to this, and much considieraitaofn should be given as to which to dispose of. All hens over two years old should go first, unless they have an especially gpod laying record to favour their remaining for another year. Very young pullets that may not lay till next spring are a most profit- less lot to stock yards with in winter, but young hens and pullets on the point of lay- ing and capable of keeping it up are the correct stamp. Do not include young cockerels. If they are to be kept for the table, put them by themselves, and they will do with much less space thaa laying hens, which should have all consideration. STORING BEETROOT. Beetroot shouM now be stored. It is injured by frost, and should not be left out too long.' Loosen the soil round the roots with a fork, then draw up the roots. Do not break any part of them. This would let the juice run out, and spoil them pa/rtdally. Out the tops off a/bout two inches from the crowm, then store in a heap in a. sheltered corner. Put layera of aslies between them and over the top of all to keep out the frost. EARTHING UP LATE CELERY. The larte celery that will last throughout the winter should now be finally earthed up. This should be done with more than usual oare, as the present earthing ought to be a great protection for the celery. Tie each plant close together at the top. This will prevent the earth falling down, into the oentre. Should this occur the head is spooled. Break up the soil finely along the sides and between the trenches, them lift it up and place it between the plants, and push ft round each plaaft wdth the hands. Hake it very firm there to exclude wet. The skies of the ridges should be made level, and then. beaten quite smooth wiffi the back of the spari*. This will throw off the waiter and act as a kind of 4aiatoh and protection to the pianta. Renvove the ties wben eartfossag ie •oanpleUtd. UNHEATED GLASSHOUSES There are many of these. Some possess them as shelters for summer culture only. Others do not care to go to the expense of lamps, boilers, pipes, a.nd the keeping of these going, amd prefer letting the plants take their chance during the winer. These- are not always failures. Indeed, many of them axe great successes, particularly where a. good deal of attention, is given to exclude damp and frost. These are the two plagues that spoil everything, aaid even in heated houses damp and frost, too, sometimes get ahead and check and injure much. The artificial warmth is depended on to keep all right, but it is inefficient sometimes, and very oft-on closer care is given to the umhecuted than to the heated houses, with corresponding reeraks. In the unheated houses watering should be done with the
Advertising
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v'w WHEELER'S Autumn Catalogue OF Fruit Trees, Roses, Forest Trees, Hardy Conifers, Evergreen and Deciduous Trees and Shrubs, Climbing & other Plants, and Flowering Bulbs. GRATIS ON APPLICATION. Wheeler' Nurseries are within easy reach of the City, and are always open to inspec- tion. ———— Wheeler & Son, Ltd., NURSERYMEN, Iul) and Seed Growers, &c., GLOUCESTER.
——1, JWIUWMg BROACHING SHIP'S…
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—— 1 J WIUWMg BROACHING SHIP'S CARGO. CREW'S INDULGENCE IN COCOA, CORNFLOUR, AND WHISKY. At Bristol on Saturday seventeen members of the crew of the steamship Oswestry Grange, trading between Glasgow and New Zealand, -were charged with raiding the carto and stealing cocoa, cornflour, and whisky. The eteamer put in at ATonmanth for cargo, and a barrel of whisky was found to have been spiled and a. considerable quantity of liquor extracted. 808e of the crew were helplessly drunk. Coooa and cornflour were found in men's bertUaj, one man having 56 packets of coooa as p. pilkrn. There were packets concealed amongst lifebelts and in overhead beams—in fact, wherever the search party Tooked they found cocoa, cornflour, or whisky. Many of the men treated the affair 1 as a good jol-tcl.-Elgbt prisoners were oon- victed and sentenced each to eix weeks' hard labour. I
TREVECCA OLD AND NEW.
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TREVECCA OLD AND NEW. BUILT ON HOETJ HARRIS'S I FOUNDATION. GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT IN RECENT YEARS. Trevecca, College, though not old, has a very interesting history. It stands where Howel Harris founded liis monastery when he retired from public life at tihe time of the quarrel which occurred between him and Daniel Rowland, Llangeitho, in 1751. In 1768 Lady Huntingdon had taken on lease from Harris a farmhouse called Tre- vecca Isaf (" Lower Trovecca"), an ancient building a short distance from the monas- tery," with a view of establishing a college for the training of ministers. The first president was the Rev. J. Fletcher, who was assisted for a brief period by the Rev. Mr. Easter brook, and then by the Rev. Joseph Benson. The institution was catholic in character, the students being allowed to become minis- ters either in the Established Church or in any Protectant denomination. They laboured as missioners in Breconshire and the country round, and it is said that they met with considerable success as prei-chers Lady Huntingdon and some of her di3- tinguished frierds often stayed at Trevecca, and always attended the anniversaries of the opening of the college, which appea-red to have been very solemn functions. Lady Hun- tingdon 'herself saw to the preparations. On tho first occasion she invited many eminent ministers to assist at the services, including Daniel Rowland, William Williams, Panty- celyn, and the Rev. J. Fletcher. Services were held for a whole week. On the morning of the first day (Saturday, August 19,1769) Daniel Rowland preached to a crowded congregar tion In the afternoon the Lord's Supper was administered. William Williams save out the jynm- "Come, let us join our cheerful songs With angels round the throne." "Abtindince of people being gathered together, Air. Howel Harris stood in the court and gave a solemn warding to a large con- gregation. On Sunday public service com- menced at ten o'clock. At one the sacra- ment was administered in the chapel. Mr. Rowland and Mr. Fletcher alternately addressed the communicants during the dis- tribution of the elements, and William Wil- liams closed the solemnity with a address. When the sermon was concluded a hymn was sung, and Air. Rowland explained and enforced in the Welsh language the words, It is appointod unto men once to p From this time to the day of the anniver- sary people flocked from all parts to Tre- veeoa. Ilowel Harris and several of the Welsh exherters assisted the clergymen assembled at the college, so that there was preaching twice every day. Oil Wednesday, August 23, Mr. mnicd by Mr. Howel Davics (Pembroke- shire) and Mr. Peter Williams, arrived at Trevecca. At an early hour on the morning of tlu 24cii the lord's Supper was administered by John Wesley and Mr. Shirley, first to the clerzymen assembled at the college, then to students, after which the Oountess o, Huntingdon, the Countess of Buchan, Lady Ann Erskine, Miss Orton, and the o\mm' members of her family received. An amazing concourse of people being collected from all parts, the public service commenced at ten o'clock. Mr. Howel Davics and Mr. Of- Rowland read the prayers. Mr. Fletcher preached. After him William William.<1 preached in Welsh till about two o'clock. At two o'clock they all dined with Lady Huntingdon, and baskets of bread and mervr. were distributed amongst the people. But the .service commenced again at thres o'clock, when Mr. Wesley preached, followed by Mr. Fletcher. About five the congregation was dismissed. Between seven and eight the love feast began, during which Mr. Shirley, Mr. Howel Davies, and Mr. Daniel Rowland gave short exhortations, and Mr. Peter Williams and Mr. Howel Harris engaged in prayer. Thus were the anniversaries kept at Trevecca during the period the college was there. The college was a decidedly English institution, and seems to have drawn, hardly any of its students from Wales. From 1768 to 1792 there were in all some 124 btuients at Trevecca, and of this number only two—one Lloyd from Swansea, and Moss from Narberth-were natives of Wales. There are several Welsh names in the list, but their bearers were all born out of Wakoe. The most eminent preachers of the day both of England a.nd Wales visited Trevecca from time to time. In 1776 Mr. TAoplady, vicar of Broad Hetmbury, Devon, the famous hymn- writer, was amoxgst the visitors. Writing afterwards, ho said that three thousand listened to him -preachine at Trevecca. "No fewer than one thousand three hundred horses were tarned into one large field adjoining the oollege, besides what were statioaed in the neirhbouriro villages. The carriages also were uwufnally numerous." Continuing. Mr. Toplady says"A scaffold was erected at one end of the college court, on which a bllkltlld was placed by way of pulpit, a.nd thence six or seven of 116 preached sncoesvively to one of, the most attentive and most lively congregations I ever beheld. When it cilme to my turn to preach I advanced to the front, and had not gone more than half-wa,y through my prayer before sermon when the eoaffold suddenly fell in. As I stood very near the hitrhermost step (and the steps did not fall with the rest). Providence enabled me to keep on my feet, through the assistance of Mr. Winkworth, who laid fast hold on my arm. About 40 ministers were on the scaffold and steps when the former broke down." Nobody, however, was seriously hurt, and the vast congregation kept in perfect order. In 1792 the lease of the college at Trevecca expired, and the college was removed to Cheshunt, in Hertfordshire. The buildings and grounds purchased for the new college were delightfully situated some miles from Tendon, near the banks of the New River. f" shunt was opened on August 24, 1792, Icing the anniversary of the college at Tre- vecca. The seminary at Treveoca was supported at the sole expense of the countess until her death. It occurred, however, to a few friends that it would be advisable to form a. scheme of continuing and perpetuating the institution by subscription. The countess heartily approved of the movement. Seven trustees were chosen on whom the future care of the college after Lady Huntingdon's death was to devolve, with power to choose successors. The first president at Oheehunt was the Rev. Isaac Nicholson, a clergyman of the Church cf England. The trustees were all Englishmen, and the Welsh Methodists graduates lost all interest in the institution. In -the list of students from 1792 to 1838 we I do not find more than two or three students from Wales—Woodhouse" and Dodd from Swansea., and Owen from Holywell. Until Dr. Lewis Edwards and the Rev. David Charles set up their institution at Bala the Welsh Calvinistic Methodists had no school of the prophets which they could call their own. In 1842 the South Wales Association deemed it advisable to establish two colleges for the use of the denomination. By this time the old monastery at Trevecca had been made over to the Corph, and it was decided to make such alterations and improvements in it as to flt it for the pur- pose of a. college. Application was made to the North Wales Association for the services of one of the two tutors who had jointly conducted the school at 15ali since 1137. and permission was given to the Rev. David diaries to go to Trevecca as first president. Mr. Charles undertook the duties at that place in October, 1842. The students lived with him in the house, and were limited to twelve in number. Mr. Charles laboured single-handed for years, end trained 81 men for the ministry. He was a man of learning and piety, and a graduate of Oxford. In 1M2 he resigned his post, and the college was closed. After throe yearn the institution was re-opened under the presidentship of the Rev. W. EowelJa, assisted by Dr. J. Harris Jones, and mattera thus went on until 1835, when Dr. Harris Jones died, and was succeeded by the Rev. Edward Williams. Prin- cipal Howells also died in 1389. and was succeeded by the Rev. D. Charles Davies. The recent history of the college need not bo told, as it is well known. It has greatly developed and is doing excellent work under t.he able guidance of Principal Prys. The etudents are expected to spend four years in training. A fund has been collccte-d with a to their support during their collegiate career. In 1873, on the occasion of the ocntenary of the death of Howel Hams, a memorial chapel was erected to the great revivalist at Trevecca. A list of the first students at Trevecca will be of interest to the public. All of them liare gone over to the great majority, end a few were amongst the meet di»ti«ig«ished Tweacbers of Wales during the last, oemtury. The students wereGeorge Williams, St. David's; Edward Dav.'es. Brilley, Hereford; William Pryse, Tredegar; EOOn Williams, Llanwrtyd; John Davies, Llangwrryfon; David Price, Llanga-mmajrch; B. D. Thomas, Hendre, Carmarthenshire; Owen Howell. Cir- marthen; John Tcme, Llri.-narth; Jobm Lewis, Fish guard; Wil'ia.m Howells, Cowhridge; Thomas J. Williams, Myddfai; Edward Ma/tthews, Pemlline, Glamorgan: David Hughes, Aberavon; John Jenkins, Blaenoafn, Cardiganshire; John Prijfh, Dowlais; Morgan Morgan, Llanddeusant; Robert Thomae, Ahery-'twyth, and John Evans, Carmarthml —all Welshmen to their finger-tips, cyn-traat-I ing strangely in that respebt with the students of old Treveoca, who were imported from England.
EISTEDDFOD AT SWANSEA. I
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EISTEDDFOD AT SWANSEA. Åll eisteddfod was held at the Albert-hall, Swaaisea, on Saturday in a.id of the benevolent and orphan, fund of tb,e National Union of Teaobems. The adjudicators wereMusic, Messrs. Hadley Watkins (Bournemouth), D. Griffiths (Swansea), and Trevor Williams (Morriston); and cloeutinin, Mr. J. Rowlands (Wan-rarlvrydd). The aceompaasdsts were the Mtaees Magfie amd Mairiom. Jones and Mr. D. J. LAojrd. The Mayor of Swansea presided in the afternoon, and Vl". A. B. Davies in the evenfimg. The avrarde i'UOlndei:- Sopraaio salo: Miss Blodwen Parnm Cardiff. | Tecar eoJb: Mr. T. Bcmaell, Pentre. PtaacflBirte solo (open): Mr. Ivor Owen, S Vb&. solo (optn); Mr. William Eichoaids* flneeeaeea. Oontralto solo: Miss Lillian Rickard, Swan. Boa. CSJawpkm. recitation: Divided between. irks Marwaret Etery, Llanelly, and Mrs. Griffith WiO&uns, Skwrten. fia/rltcne solo: Mr. Joaiah Thomas, Swsamessw Champion solo for femles (prize £ 3 3s.): Mrs. Bran-wen Jones Williams, Maesteg. CSiampBon f- mazes (prise xs 3&.): Mr. Tom Btonaseil, Pentre. 's choir, Whispering wind,, (prize £ 5 5s.): 1st. Morriston; 2nd, JVrynhyfryd. In the chief choral, I- yr Hal," six choirs entered, namely, Hebron (Olydach), Llandilo, gk-11. ttVewrky, Llwstraaloek, and Oaifarfn (Oiyiutirih). The prize of XIS Tvsnit to Skoren. '■» 'J HtU-5 ■■■
j A NEW CURE FOR DEAFNESS.
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A NEW CURE FOR DEAFNESS. A gentleman who has cured himself after entering for fourteen years from Deafness and Naifts in the Sead, will be pleaded to forward full particulars of his Remedy to all readers of the Weekly M&il" post free. Write H. Clifton, 78, Araberley House, 35, Waterloo-road, London, S.E. W1135 t
THE FIRST TOWN HALL OF CARDIFF.
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THE FIRST TOWN HALL OF CARDIFF. 1 TEE TOWNtHALIL OYER THE MARKET WHICH STOOD IN HIGH-STREET TILL lost
HOW DAI ST. JOHN DIED. .
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HOW DAI ST. JOHN DIED. MEMORABLE SIGHT AT BEL- MONT. [By OWEN RHOSCOMYL.) Hundreds of newspapers and scores of books have given the official record of the Battle of Belmont—first battle on the western line of advance against the two Republics—in the long South African a. Here, then, is a record of an incident of that battle which is not official, which is, indeed only just what one's memory retains of it, unrefreshed from that day to this by any reference to official records or any reminiscent talk with the actors in this particular scene. Therefore, it is a record liable to come out mellowed and coloured by the selecting and transmuting effect of slumbering remembrance. Sudh parts of the scene, however, aa one's temperament uncon- sciously selected for remembrance come up as vividly to-day as if one were only waking next morning and turning in one's blanket to look again at the long ridge of the newly-filled grave by the foot of the ironstone koppie. Fincham's Farm lies along the western foot of a koppie near enough to the Boer lines at Belmont lo serve as a base for battle against them. Fincham's Farm, with its wide green orchard, its tall blue- gmns, and its slim-leaved willow trees that filtered the sunlight through on f round and winding waterway; 'incham's Farm, with its low wall about its garden and orchard, its bare barn and sun-baked house and shop, but with its great cemented cistern full of clear, cool water for the men, and its dammed-up streamlet giving drinking and splashing room for all the horses and draught animals of the Army—Fincham's Farm seemed an ideal place for a camp. Not only had it the water which is absolutely necessary for the camp of an army • it had also the great ircnsione koppie, which rose from the eastern wall of its orchard and "lands" (=cultivated lands), hiding it from the eyes or bullets of the Boers on the other side of the railway. Therefore, the army camped there at mid-day, ready to attack the Boers at dawn next morn- ing- The night was a typical South African spring night on. the feldt; the stars one remembers, beautiful in the soft dark, but one does not re-call any moon. The foot Gruards, or some of them at least, came marohing up from the south in the darkness, and went on into position with the rest, as the army marched across the flat to the foot of the koppies where the Burghers were ensconced. Then one mounted a.nd rode away with one's own r^ment," singing a verse or two of "The Irish Recruit." So we leave the Guards. Daylight found the infamtry in front of an unsearched and unshaken position, and found them there without the sup- port of guns—but all that is history, and ancient history, to boot. We will leave it then and come to the afternoon: the afternoon, when tho Burghers had been put off the koppies in a battle where tactics were none, where—but no, we'll leave that, too, and say that it was after- noon, when the field was won, the battle done, and the anny returned to Fincham's Farm to camp, instead of pushing on and driving the viotory home. The clean-built guns of the splendid naval contingent were ranged at the south-east corner of the orchard, and we (who had already heard something of the dispute as to whether the guns were in their place or not at dawn that morning) had strolled across from our own lines to look at the workmanlike weapons which were to do such good work at Graspan within the next two days. And as we talked to the cheery gunners, lo! a fatigue party on our right (just east of us, that is) were digging a long trench in the sloping foot of tua koppie. "That's for the Grenadiers; that's" where they're going to bury their dead," said one of the saiiors. One oould not help a little astonish- r ment. "Do you mean that he has brought the dead all these miles back from the "field to bury them here instead of yonder, íwre they fell?H "There's the dead in the wagons," returned the sailor—and one said uo more. It was the sunset hour, and the troops had just finished their meal ("tea" they still called it) when the grave was ready, and the men came marching to the burial, some with the biscuit still in their hands or mouths. The pale-gold sun, from sooth of west, flung level rays across into the faces of the men as they stood behind the trench, the trench between them and tho s-un, and beyond the trench the wagons piled with the stsurk dead. The chaplain was reciting the reverent service for the dead; the "fatigue" men were handing down the dead from the wagons to the ground, that they might have the belts and boots taken off them before being buried. Down came the oorpses, but not smoothed corpses, with hands crossed and limbs composed: not wax-pale faces and forms closed in frilled coffins, waiting to have the cover screwed on. These were bodies of men dead as men die in battle, stiff, some of them, in the attitudes in which men pass their last breath after great agony, for few of them had been killed instantly. One, I remember, had died upon his back, his bands stretched wide and one knee drawn up. Another had lain on his chest and left shoulder, his face on his left arm, but turned to the right, his right leg and arm spread wide. But there had been no work of guns amongst them; no fragments of what had been men blown to pieces by shells. The young soldiers were spared that. Yet bodies stiffened in weird attitudes are not easy to handle. A corpse in loose khaki clothing handed down from the wagon by the crook of a bent arm or leg may overcome the young soldier who receives it to lay it on the ground. More than one of the corpses came to the ground with a clash of boots and belts, raising a. little cloud of dnet from the khaki clothing, and the level sun shone through the dust, making it like dust of gold, or faint, faint smoke of gold, in the instant of the clash, and always the rays picked out and flashed on the stain that told of death, that stain of thickened blood which the rays of the sun turn to the grim purple of imperial death —Death's badge and livery, wherewith he ohnms his own in battle. One I remember, with bent knee and outfitmg arm, and he had been shot in the head by » bullet which had ricocheted from a boulder, for it had made a hole, from which the blood had filmed all his face with the blazon of honour. He came down with a. little olash, and one heard a gasp at one's elbow. Turning at that, one was aware of more faces than one whitening and greying—faces of men who had played their part like men in that splendid up- hill charge with the steel that morning. Yet men were literally sick at this sight, and by that sign one remembered that theso were men mostly new to battle: few of the-m had ever attended this after-ceremony before. A-well. and then the dead were packed away in the trench; parade was dismissed, and the men fell away. Yet, still some groups remained between tho guns and the trench, watching the earth being shovelled in and talking of this com- rade or that for whom "Last post" would never sound again. One had already returned to one's own lines—there are many things to do in camp—when here came one of one's own comrades, walking with long strides and kindling eyes. "By Jove!"—he spoke with roused tone—"they're all talking about one man. You ought to hear them, for he was a Welshman, too. He was the champion boxer—Sent John his name was." "What! Di John killed!" one answered that, and then it seemed to dawn slowly upon one that Di John would, of course, be amongst the stormers that mQrning-bat "amongsrt" proved to be hardly the word. "Saint John?—or Sinjin, if you like," corrected one's comrade. "No, David John; the recruiting-ser- geant added the Saint because John seemed misleading by itself," one answered, remembering the circum- stances of that enlistment. "Well, if you knew him or knew any- thing of him in Wales you'd better go over and let them talk to you," urged the comrade. Any man who knows what used to be signified by "Llanwonno Mountain" en Sunday morning, or Aberaman in the same connection, must have heard tales of Di John. I went across, and as I got there here came more than one of my troop. "You should hear about this YV elshman they're talking of. By -111 I did hear as soon as the Guardsmen there knew that I was a Welshman, too, countryman of their dead idol. Had I been a duke it would have been all one to them thev would have made me bear. But I heard gladly. I knew enough of Di John, of his quiet ways, his good-heartedness, and of the good son he was to his old mother. And so I listened while his com- rades launched forth into the finest reward a dead ,soldier can ha-ve the swelling praise of those who are proud to the bone of having been his comrades, those who can only ease their regret by telling of his fine character and the splendidness of his end. .Not of his character did they speak first, however. If I were a Welshman it seemed to them that I would know all that already. The thing they crowded to tell was the tale of his ending, one man speaking, and the rest adding their silence in testimony of its truth. Short the story was; shorter in the telling than in the doing of it. "When it came daylight," said the man, "then we were out in the open fiat at the foot of the hill, and no guaa there to shell the Boers loose for us. We had to do the whole job ourselves, and so we did it. The bullets did come thick, an' they got thicker, but we had to go up, and so up we went with the bayonet. We charged, and it was all stones and steep; but we charged. And Sent John, he charged—by God! he did charge. He was ahead all the way up; he never slowed for breath; he never missed a stride. Up he went, an' in be got with the bayonet ahead of all of us. You should ha' seen him. He got eleven of them-killed eleven of 'em with his own bayonet, and then one shot him while he was at it. And when he'd shot him the. Boer that did it dropped his rifle and tlyew up his hands, an' cried otit, -Mercy. for t'he rest of us were np then, an he couldn't get away. The sergeant- major was nearest. 'Mercy!' says he; 111 give you mercy!' an' with that he smacked the steel through his breast- clean through him—the bayonet and the barrel after it, clear through, till the pip of the left hand stopped it at the back-band. 'I'll give you mercy says the sergeant-major; 'I'll give you mercy!' And that was the story of Di John's death, heading a splendid charge and leaving the story of his doing it for a legend to his battalion. Endlessly his comrades dwelt on his good qualities while he lived, and endlessly they returned to the story of his death and the vengeance taken for it by that mighty bayonet thrust of the sergeant-major. And as they taJked I thought it all over again. This one man, by his bearing amongst his comrades while he lived and by his valour in his death, had made his comrades eager to speak to any Cymro as to a man come of what must be a goodly race. Can a man do a prouder thing than that. ? "Y'ddraig goeh a ddyry gychwyn." Di John made our national motto true on the bloody slopes of Belmont. If we boast the motto, let us also boast the man who fulfilled it. *1 cannot be quite certain whether the narrator said "sergeant-major" or "colour-sergeant."
PRISON FOR PARENTS. -
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PRISON FOR PARENTS. SHOCKING NARRATIVES AT BRIDGEND. Prosecutions were brought before the Bridg-end magistrates on Saturday against two parents for neglecting their children. Mr. T. J. Huffhee appeared on behalf of the National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children. The first defendant was Thomas CoJe of Newcastle Hill, Bridgend, labourer. ),ir. Hughea said defendant had lost work owing to his drunken hsbits. Mrs. Cole was one of the best of women, but had suffered mar. tyrdom, for her husband was an unmitigated Maokruard. The woman, though, not strong, was compelled to go out to work to save herself and her six children from starvation. —Mr. Richard Best, inspector of the National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children, said that on one oocaeion when he visited the house the defendant was toolazy to speak.—Defendant was committed for two months. Defendant: Thank you. I hope you are all well. It will pass off the winter nicely. The other defendant was Ellen Hollyman. of 19, The Square, Newcastle Hill, Bridgend, who was summoned for neglecting her child. aged two years.—Mr. T. J. Hughes said tne woman stated that she had been m.arried to a man na.med Hollyman, but it had been impossible to substantiate her statement. She had oahabited with three different men in succession, and had associated with women of bad repute. She was now living with a man named Lewis.—Inspector B," said there was no furniture of any account, and not even a cup or saucer. The rooms were indescribably filthy.—Defendant was eenit to prison for six weeks.
CARDIFF CHARTER CLAIM.
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CARDIFF CHARTER CLAIM. QUESTION OF FAIRNESS: COURT OF APPEAL DECIDES. In the Court of Appeal on Saturday lords Juetocea CowsMnHardy and Far well heard an appeal by the defendants in the oaee of the Jajnes Tucker Steamship Compauiy (Limited) v. Lamport and Holt against an order of Mr. Justice Walton, in Chambers. The plaintiff company (shipowners, of Cardiff) broaight the action against Messrs. Lamport and Holt, of Liverpool, to recover JE900 odd, certain disputes having arisen between the parties in connection with the chartering by the defendants of one of the plaintiffs' steam- ships. The defendants, with a de-nial of liabi- lity, paid 1-250 into court, and Mr. Justice Walton, on the application, of the plain tiffs, made an order that the should indicate the pw-ticular heads of clAim in respect of which, they had paid the money into court. Ajainet that order the defen. dants now appealed, it bedng conteraded on their behalf that it might work a. great injue- tice if they had to specify how much they had paid into ooturt in respect of each item. Their Lordships, without calling upon counsel for the respondents, diamissed the appeal, with costs. In their opinion, if the defeddan-t-s were allowed to "pay a lump sum into oourt in respect of several heads ot im without specifying in respect of which heads the money was paid in, the plain tiff a would be placed in a very embarrassing posi- tion.
OVERBEARING FELLOW. !
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OVERBEARING FELLOW. At Bridgend 011 Saturday Alfred Eveumfc colliery fireman, of 3, Traharneroad, Oanran^ Maesteg, was summoned for ataatft quantity of sweete, yalue id., the property at EHTM-heth Abraham, oonfectioiier, Gaerau. Mr. T. J. Hughes wfte for the ooHrpiainiami., who said the defendant took a handful of sweets from the window. Mr. Hushes: I believe he is what they an official?—Yes. Mr. Hughes: And he thinks he is a big maa up there. He has suffered from swelled head since his appointment. Witness, continuimc, said that when she remonstrated with defendant he beoame violent and threatened to knock her head off." The lodger then walked in from the kitchen, and witness aeked him to put defendant out. Mr. Hughes: Wha-t did this hero do when he saw a man ? Witness: He said, "There is no need to do that," and walked oat. Margaret Walters corroborated. OomplaLa. ant told her, in defendant's presence, that he always abated in that way when be came in. The Bench ordered defendant to pay £2. and costs, including advocate's fee, £3 14& altogether, in default fourteen days.
Advertising
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-ow g**I rT DON'T FAIL to get T| if IBM& 0 m "ROYAL COCOA i-lb. Tin 61d. Front all Grocers and Stores. 11 you aesd this paper coapaa and fourpence in stamps, the proprietors wilt s«nd you J-lb. tin of this Cocoa as sample. k Charles Walker Thomaa, Limited, — 6 Jewry Street, London, B.C. to
RURAL JOTTINGS.
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greatest care early in the day, and not a superfluous drop allowed. Damp is the great enemy to guard against, and it is quite possible to prohibit its destructive work, the chief means being a dry floor and a dry atmosphere. When the temperature is low it is surprisi-ng how little water is needed by the plants at the root. They will go for weeks without it and be no-no the worse, while those kept daJnP become yellow, sickly, decay, and die. When frost operates on foliage and wood tha.t is moist it leaves an ugly impression, but when all is dry it is quite wonderful how very little barni a few degrees do. Do not allow this, however, to be on excuse for bei-ng careless, a.nd keep the frost out as well as the damp, if possible. Open the ventilators on dry days, but keep closed when damp. Coverings made with straw, ruehes, cloth, and such like should always be in readiness to put over the top and all round when the temperature falls below 32 degrees. RIPENING GREEN TOMATOES. Green tomatoes will not ripen now unless in warm glasshouses. All out of doors and those in oool places should be relieved of their fruit. Out all off, a.nd tie up in little bundles by the stems. Hang these up in a warm kitchen or room, when, they will gra- dually ripen and become fit for use. They will not be so well flavoured as those that ripened on the plants some time ago, but they will be quite acceptable for cooking. I FRUIT STORES. Most of the fruit has now been, stored, but attention to it has not ended yet. When first stored it sweats, and moisture settles on the fruit. Abundance of air should be admitted to the storeroom until this dis- appears. If shut in it will cause premature decay. Fruit keeps better in semi-darkness than. in the full light, and this should have attention. A thin wnvdow-bliind will tone -town the light. In frosty weather keep the room closed. Carefully exclude frost, but on ftne, dry days do not be afraid to ventilate. This will dry the atmosphere, and keep the fruit more sound. It will alao maintain the flavour more perfectly than being constantly ehut up in a. close atmosphere. Many fruits that were stored in apparently good condi- tion have developed little gpots of rot. This is where the birds or wiapls la.1i made a little hole, but no decaying fruit should be allowed to remain with the good, and be careful to i-einove the bad ones often. GERANIUMS TO FLOWER IN WINTER. No plants a.re more g-ay and cheerful than geraniums in winter. A greenhouse is the best place for them. Robust plamt-e that have been grown on without being allowed to flower are the beet. They will be extremely fit, and soon produce plenty of buds and blossoms, which will come in agreeable succession during the greater part of the I wimter. See -that the drainage is right. 3rake the soil very firm in the pots, place thesm fully m the light, and give them liquid manure once a week. Guano water is very I suitable for them. One ounce dissolved in a gallon, of water is the right strength to use it. They should have a little fire heat in cold or d'xmp weather. Do not let moisture settle on the blooms, or they will soon decay. Scar- let flowered geraniums a.re the favourites in winter. COLLECTING MANTJRE FOR THE SPRING. Fow gardens are over-manured, but very many suffer from a deficiency, and the crops are only second or third rate in consequence. I often hear ctf diificulties^n getting manures and anxieties to find substitutes, but if a sharp look-out was kept to see are all materials capable of being utilised iu this way throughout the winter, a useful accu- mulat-io<iv might be got together in most cases. All old vegetables, tree leaves, road scrapings, ashes from t-he house. mianm-a from the poultry houses a,nd runs and pig- cots, where these are kept, if -,Il put in a heap and allowed to decay will form excel- lent material that will produce the best of crops. It is quite gratifying how a man-ore heap can be got up in perseverisig in collect- ing small quantities, and the mixture is generally more acceptable than if each kind was used by itsolf. Leave* alone do not form a substantial manure, but mix with poul- try or pig manure, and they became 8J}le.ndJ.i. Poultry manure is very strong used by itself. but reduce it by mixing with other lighter materials, and it is brought into a. aaost useful state. House slops, too, should always j be thrown with such materials, but weeds should be kept awav. Never put any lime in manure heaps, as it deprives the maacttre of much of its virtues, anid is a matarial which j should not be used in connection with manures. Soot is an excellent addition, to all manure heaps, more particularly to mis- cellaneous collection of otur, as crabs jund pests are sure to be aanonceft some of tk. materials, sjuI the soot prwreata their oocu-; patkm. Mix plenty in, and to make rare of having a valuable ke&p milx all through and through covem4 timuw during wueteft.