Papurau Newydd Cymru
Chwiliwch 15 miliwn o erthyglau papurau newydd Cymru
3 erthygl ar y dudalen hon
Advertising
7 WILLIAM OWEN, PROPRIETOR, LATE MANAGER OF TUE BROOK VILLA, LIVERPOOL. AGENT FOR GREAT WESTERN COMPANY, AND TELEGRAPH MESSENGER. BALA LAKE, 0 .1, I& "L 0. BOATS, BILLIARDS, COACHES, CARRIAGES, CABS, AND CARS FOR HIRE. GOOD STABLING. FIRST CLASS ACCOMMODATION FOR FAMILIES, &c. LADIES' COFFEE ROOM. MERIONETH. VRON COLLIERY, NEAR WREXHAM. ifcki [MAURICE & LOWE'S] BEST MAIN AND HOUSE COALS AT LOWEST PRICES, APPLY TO M. B. MAURICE, MINING ENGINEER, HIGH STREET, BALA, A PROPRIETOR AND SOLE AGENT. WHEREAS JANE DAVIES, of Penmaen Dovey, in the County of Merioneth, Spinster, and CHARLES FREDERICK THRUSTON, of Talgarth Hall, in the said County, Esquire, being respectively interested under the provisions of "The Acts for the Inclosure, Exchange, and Improvement of Lands," in the Land and Hereditaments set forth in the Schedule hereunder written, with the Easements and Appurtenances thereunto belonging and being desirous of effecting an exchange of the same, have made application, in writing, to the Inclosure Commissioners for England and Wales, to direct enquiries whether such proposed Exchange would be beneficial to the Owners of such respective Lands and Hereditaments, and to proceed with the same under the provisions of the said Acts. Now the Inclosure Commissioners for England and Wales, being of opinion that such Exchange would be beneficial, and that the terms thereof are just and reasonable, hereby give notice that they will cause to be framed and confirmed, under their Hands and Seal, an Order of Exchange in the matter of the said application, unless notice in writing of dissent to the said proposed Exchange be given to them by some person entitled to an Estate in, or to a charge upon, the said Land and Hereditaments or any part thereof, on or before the 2nd day of August next. THE SCHEDULE TO WHICH THE FOREGOING NOTICE REFERS. Land and Hereditaments in which the above-named Land and Hereditaments in which the above-named JANE DAVIES is interested, situate in the township Charles Frederick Thruston is interested, situate in the of Cynfalfawr, in the parish of Towyn, in the county of township of Cynfalfawr, in the parish of Towyn, in the Merioneth, and proposed to be exchanged for the Land county of Merioneth, and proposed to be exchanged for and Hereditaments hereinafter specified. the Land and Hereditaments hereinbefore specified. No. on No on "Tithe Map. Description. a. r. p. Tithe Map. Description. a. r. p. Part 96 Caeangleison 11 0 26 39 Caeangleison 15 3 7 Part 96 Ditto 122 Part 40 Morfa Gorlan 6 1 14 Part 97 Ditto 4 3 10 Part 43 Ynys Issa 0 1 21 Part 95 Ditto 3 1 25 Part 38 Caeangleison 0 2 15 20 3 23 23 0 17 Witness my hand this 15th day of April, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, Inclosure Commission, H. PYNE, 3, St. James's Square, London, S.W. By Order of the Board. TRY DICKS' BOOTS AND SHOES. RHODDWCH BRAWF AR FOTASAU AC ESGIDIAU ENWOG DICK GYDA GWAELOD GYTTA PERCHA A THOP ■\R LLEDR. Y maent yn ddigymmar am Radlonrwydd, nis gellir rnagori arnynt o ran cysur, ac y maent yn ddigyffelyb am wisgo. Dylai pawb sydd yn astudio lechyd eugwisgo, -gan eu bod yn rhagorol i gadw allan wlybaniaeth (damp). TJ s c. Botasau Boneddigesau, o ansawdd gwir dda 4 9 Boneddigion 6 6 Bechgyn a Genethod 2 3 PRISIAU TRWSIO. Botasau Boneddigion, rhoi Gwadnau a Sodlau, o 2 3 Boneddigesau etto etto o 1 6 „ Bechgyn a Genethod etto etto o 1 3 'Trwsir Esgidiau Lledr wed ei ivettio neu eu Gwnio, gyda Gytta Percha. RHODDI ELASTICS NEWYDD MEWN HEN FOTASAU. Rhai Boneddigesau. Rhai Boneddigion. s. c. S. C. 1 0 y Set am Cotton. 1 4 y Set am Cotton. -4. 4-y Set am Sidan. 1 9 v Set am Sidan. TRY DICKS' NOTED GUTTA PERCHA BOTTOMED BOOTS AND SHOES, With LEATHER TOPS and INSOLES. They are unrivalled for CHEAPNESS, cannot be surpassed for COMFORT, and are unequalled for WEAR. Everyone who studies Health should wear them, being an excellent preventive from damp. s. d. Ladies' Boots of really good quality, at 4 9 Gents' ditto ditto from 6 6 Boys' and Girls' ditto ditto 2 3 PRICES OF REPAIRING. s. d. Gents' Boots, Soleing and Heeling, from 2 3 Ladies' ditto ditto ditto 1 6 Boys' and Girls' ditto ditto 1 Tlivetted and Sewed Leather Boots Repaired with Gutta Percha. NEW ELASTICS PUT IN OLD BOOTS. Ladies'. Gents'. s. d. s. d. 1 0 a Set for Cotton. 1 4 a Set for Cotton.- 1 4 a Set for Silk. 1 9 a Set for Silk. GENTLEMEN <& LADIES' BOOTS OF EVERY DESCRIPTION GOT UP ON THE SHORTEST NOTICE. GENTLEMEN'S SHOOTING BOOTS SUPPLIED EQUAL TO ANY HOUSE IN L OND ON. 16, GREAT DARK GATE-STREET, ABERYSTWYTH. J. H. HANKINSON, COAL, LIME, AND BRICK MERCHANT, RAILWAY STATION, PORTMADOC. DRAIN PIPES AND ARTIFICIAL MANURES, &c., &c. All orders promptly attended to. pjj HI ■311Sf 181 i |§M Jl [iij i i K|3 5 il ir MSM UEHI GN IHE MX t-<)LB))t< Uft t<<t- EFET ..met% THE PUBUC ARE CAUTIONED AGAINST V. H R. I MR. SELLIS, DENTIST, TOWYN. FIFTEEN YEARS Surgical and Mechanical Dentist in London, may be consulted at the under- mentioned towns:— DOLGELLEY—Every FRIDAY, at Miss Evans's, Smith- ( field-street. PWLLHELI—Mr Francis Evans, bookseller, &c., High- street, the 1st and 3rd WEDNESDAY in every month. PORTMADOC—Every 2nd and 4th WEDNESDAY, at Mrs. Bennett Williams's, Snowdon-street. All operations without pain. Advice free. T. BUBB, W,»BER. GLAZIER, PAINTER, PAPER £ qK giLDE11, AND HOUSE DECORATOR, PORTLAND STREET ABERYSTWYTH, I to intimate that at the instiga- Ste attention to with very moderate changes, to merit public patronage and support. Newest Designs of Paper Hangings from the largest Manufacturers always on hand. <= Baths, Pumps, Water-closets of various descriptions, .and Self-acting Filters. Picture and other Frames neatly gilded. HUMPHREY'S GLYCEROARNICINE OINTMENT. THIS invaluable OINTMENT for all external sores has been In J. general use in all parts of the United Kingdom ana the Colonies for several years past, and its healing and soothing properties as a medicament are such that the more it is known the more it is prized by the public of all classes. Thousands of persona have been cured by it who previously had been suffering for years, and also had given up all hope. Though mild it pene- trates the pores, expels all gross tumours from the system, and .ultimately removes the latent causes of disease. In all kinds of nlceroHS wounds it is without a rival. HUMPHREY'S OINTMENT will be found thoroughly efficacious in the following ailments and complaints, which it will relieve and cure without fail:- -Scorbutic and other Ulcers, Sore Legs, Sore Breasts, Scrofulous Tumours, Burns, Scalds, Sore or Scabby Heads, Chilblains, Sprains, Bruises, and all inflamed diseases of the Skin. The ,daily increasing demand fully proves its wonderful efficacy. No lamily should be without a box of Humphrey's Ointment, pin boxes at Is. l^d., 2s. 9d., and 4s. 6d. each. To be had of HUMPHREY, Chemist, Portmadoc, and by post for stamps, 'DON—BARCLAY & SONS, MAW & SON, SANGER & SON. Liver- V0+~EVANS, SOH, & Co. Manchester—J. WOOW,EY. MR W. H. MORROW, CIVIL ENGINEER AND LAND SURVEYOR, DOLGELLEY. MORGAN OWENS, SHIP AND INSURANCE BROKER, 6, VULCAN PLACE, ABERYSTWYTH. For Particulars, apply as above. ABERYSTWYTH 31, LITTLE DARKGATE-STREET. WILLIAM & GEORGE DAVIES, „ ,T CWFVCTIONERS, PASTRY COOKS, FANCY BREAD AND BISCUIT BAKERS B. w Flour Dealers, &c. f t es Cakes of different qualities, from 6d. t pei lb.—-Tarts and Pies of every size and description made to order at the shortest notice. BREAD REDUCED. SHIP BISCUITS ALWAYS ON HAND. PAINT! PAINT!! PATNTm Best Anti-Corrosive, 3d. V th, or 5s. 6d. f gal. Patent Metallic, at 3d. V lb, or 5s. 6d. gal. Paint, as generally used by Painters, 3d. V lb, or 5s. 6d. iV gal. In any colour, and mixed ready for use. ijrums or 4 gals., 22s., do. of 10 gals., 50s. Carriage paid to any Railway Station in England, upon orders for one cwt. and upwards. "VVWNT orders payable to FRANCIS JAY, odham Works, Vauxhall Station, London, S.E. if^^ample drums, 5a. 6d. and 7s. 6d. each. ABERYSTWYTH ENAMELLING SLATE W £ RKS, MOOR STREET. BEG to inform tW+1& ?WE? amelling Business haVC ,ta;ken to tlie En" lleveny Slate Quarries, are"™ a°? at thexAber' Orders in Enamelled Slate in irnitnH^^ +v0 exec!1 a^y marble at exceedingly low pric^ 10n of the most costly These Works are fitted up with T>I • Sawing Machines, so that any order in slate worlTclnbe executed with despatch. I Tomb Stones, Monuments, Chimney Pieces Ci«+«r.r,a | &c., made to order. '"■ Designs forwarded for inspection. me approaching iViAnnill.Un 01 n. o. jjIjuid PRICE, Esq., Rhiwlas, Bala, to Miss EVELYN HOPWOOD, of Hopwood Hall, Lancashire, on Tues- day, the 20th April, 1869. AT a PUBLIC MEETING, held at the White Lion Royal Hotel, Bala, on Friday, the 19th March inst., H. ROBERTSON, Esq., High Sheriff for the county of Merioneth, in the chair, a Committee was formed, and it was unanimously resolved to celebrate the above event, and to open a subscription list for that purpose. Subscriptions will be received by the Treasurer, WIL- LIAM OWEN, Esq., N. P. Bank, Bala. THOMAS ELLIS, ) Hon Secs • D. ROWLANDS, f11 Committee Room, Bala, March 20, 1869. PUBLIC DINNERS will be held on the above date at the WHITE LION ROYAL HOTEL, BALA, H. ROBERTSON, Esq., High Sheriff, Chairman. Tickets, 5s. And at the BULL'S HEAD HOTEL, BALA. Tickets, 2s. 6d. Early application for Tickets is requested. ABERYSTWYTH IMPROVEMENT ACT. THE Commissioners for improving and regulating the town of Aberystwyth will, at their meeting to be held at the Town Hall, on Tuesday, the 20th day of April, 1868, at Ten o'clock in the Forenoon, proceed to the Election of a COLLECTOR OF RATES AND RENTS. Candidates for the office must forward to me written applications, accompanied by Testimonials as to character and competency, by Monday, the 19th of April instant. The Salary will be 245 per annum, and the person who may be appointed will be required to enter into a Bond with responsible sureties in the sum of JE300 for the due and faithful performance of the duties of the office. W. H. THOMAS, Clerk to the Commissioners. Aberystwyth, 6th April, 1869. FAIRS AT PENRHYNDEUDRAETH, MERIONETHSHIRE. OTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN, that in pursuance J3I of the licence and consent of the Justices of the Peace acting for the Division, FAIRS will be held at PENRHYNDEUDRAETH on the Third day of May next, and the Twenty-second of September next, and on or about the same dates in ensuing years, and such Fairs will be held for the Bargain, Sale, and Purchase in Mar- ket overt of Cattle, Horses, Sheep, and Pigs, and of Agricultural Produce of all descriptions, and also for the Hire of Servants in Husbandry. Dated the 25th of March, 1869. EDWARD BREESE, Clerk of Petty Sessions. LOCAL GOVERNMENT ACT, 1858. BALA DISTRICT. "\TOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN, that Bye Laws I.1 have been made by the Local Board, for the Regu- lation of the Business of the Board "With regard to the time of holding the Meetings, ordinary, annual, and extra- ordinary;" "Adjournment of Meetings, Notices convening meeting, appointing Chairman;" "Routine of Business," "Duties of the Clerk," "Duties of the Treasurer," "Duties of the Surveyor," "Duties of the Inspector of Nuisances," and "Duties of the Collector;" "With respect to the Level, Width, and construction of New Streets, and the provisions for the Sewerage thereof;" With respect to the structure of Walls of New Buildings for securing Stability and Prevention of Fires;" "With respect to the sufficiency of space about buildings to secure a free circulation of air, and with respect to the Ventilation of Buildings;" "With respect to the Drainage of Build- ings, to Waterclosets, Privies, Ashpits, and Cesspools in connection with Buildings unfit for human habitation and to the Prohibition of their use for such habitation;" For the Regulation of Slaughter Houses;" With regard to the Prevention of Nuisances arising from Snow, Filth, Dust, Ashes, Manure litter, and Rubbish, &c. "The keeping of Animals, and setting fire to Chimnies "With regard to Cleansing Footpaths, and Pavements;" "With regard to the Removal of Refuse;" With regard to the Cleansing of Privies, Ashpits, and Cesspools For the Regulation of Common Lodging Houses;" and With regard to Cattle and Horse Markets;" and the same are now lying for inspection at my Office, Mount-street, and will at the expiration of four weeks from this date be forwarded to the Secretary of State for confirmation. By Order of the Board. A. ANWYL PASSINGHAM, Clerk. Bala, 17th April, 1869. ABERYSTWYTH. A New HOUSE and SHOP TO LET, with imme- diate possession on the North Parade, opposite the Railway Tea Warehouse, and well fitted for a Druggist or Drapery Business. Apply to Mr ELIAS DAVIES, shoemaker, North Parade. TO PARENTS AND GUARDIANS. NO. H. DAVIES, Pharmaceutical Chemist (by examination), Aberystwyth, will have a Vacancy about the beginning of May for a respectable, intelligent Youth as an APPRENTICE. He will be thoroughly instructed in his Profession. Also, a First-class ASSISTANT. PRUDENTIAL ASSURANCE COMPANY, J. Chief Offices-62, Ludgate Hill, London. Extracts from the DIRECTORS' REPORT for the year ending 31st December, 1868. The Directors have again to draw attention to a year of most remarkable progress. Accustomed as they have been for many years to report an accession of business larger than any other Company in Europe, they have on this occasion to state that the New Premium Income of the year 1868 amounts to the extraordinary sum of X87,748 16s. lid per annum-the corresponding amount for 1837 being X54,819 5s. 8d. This income has been derived entirely from the resources of the Prudential, and not from any amalgamation or transfer. In addition to the foregoing, the business of a small but most respectable Company has been added, amounting to X15,378 15s. 9d. per annum. The Premium Income at the close of the year amounts to zC220,978 Os. 10d., after making allowance for all Policies lapsed or surrendered. The claims paid during the year amount to X67,181 10s. 5d., raising the total disbursed under this head since the establish- ment of the Company to £ 180,986 18s. 3d. The Assurance Fund at the close of the year amounts to X241,301 12s. 4d., against S172,959 14s. 6d. at the close of 1867, being an increase of £ 68,31117s. 10d. It is invested as follows :— Victoria Bonds £5,126 5 11 Cape of Good Hope Bonds 5,190 0 0 Land Mortgage Bank of India Bonds.. 1,044 0 0 South Australian Bonds. 5,32 ) 0 0 Queensland Bonds 9,287 10 0 New South Wales Bonds 4,612 10 0 Natal Bonds 5,095 0 0 New Zealand Bonds. 5,347 10 0 Mauritius Bonds. 4,263 15 0 Turkish Bonds. 1,936 17 6 Canada Bonds 1,182 13 8 Railway Debentures and Stock 3,047 15 3 zC51,458 17 4 Freehold and Leasehold Estates, Ludgate-hill and Belle Sauvage-yard 68,600 14 4 (Of thisitem, property to tte amount of £ 61,500 has been since sold to the City of London.) Furniture and Fittings in Office 1,117 11 5 Mortgages and Loans 9.^317 14 1 Loans on Policies within their surrender value 2,365 17 9 Premiums due and sundry Agents' Balances (nearly the whole of this since received). 14,656 3 1 Cash Balances, viz. City Bank Current Account.. £ 11,134 14 4 National Provincial Bank. 500 0 0 Cash in hand 150 0 0 11,784 14 4 Total Assurance Fund zC 241,301 12 4 The Proprietors' Fund Account at the close of 1867. amounted to v 45,449 14 6 Which, added to the foregoing, makes the Total Assets £ 286,751 6 10 A debtor and creditor account of the assurance fund is ap- pended hereto with the valuation as at December 31st, 1865, and the surplus now shown is of the most encouraging character, and justifies the expectation that at the division of profits at the end of 1871, the results will be exceedingly favourable. The Directors draw the especial attention of their nKw con- nexions to the circumstance that 16 years since they inaugurated a plan of weekly audit of accounts. This system is still carried out by them with undiminished care and attention, and by its adoption they are enabled to control the operations of the Com- pany in the most efficient manner. During the year the Directors have given additional attention to tie development of the business in Scotland, and the results have been entirely satisfactory; upwards of X13,000 of the New Premium Income have been obtained from this quarter. Messrs GILLMAN, HORNE, and COLE retire from the Direction and, being eligible, offer themselves for re-election. The Auditors also retire, and, being eligible, offer themselves n for re-election. The usual interest on Shares at the rate of 5 per cent. will be payable on and after the 5th April. March 19th, 1869. J. GILLMAN, Chairman. AGENT—R. KENRICK, Aberystwyth. WILLIAM EDMUNDS, SNUFF MANUFACTURER, LLANERCH YMEDD, BEGS to inform his Customers that he has retired from Busi- ness, and disposed of the Machinery, Goodwill, and Recipe for the Manufacture of "HUGHES'S ORIGINAL AND ONLY GENUINE HIGH DRIED WELSH SNUFF," to Messrs W. Williams & Son, Tobacco and Snuff Manufact urers Chester, who will in future be the Sole Manufacturers. W. WILLIAMS & SON, TOBACCO & SNUFF MANUFACTURERS, CHESTER, (Manufacturers of The Oxford Mixtureand all kinds of Fancy Cut Tobacco, of the finest class, in bulk or pack- ages ofloz. or 4oz., for the convenience of the Trade.) BEG to announce that they have purchased from Mr William Edmunds, of Llanerchymedd, Anglesea, the Machinery, Recipe, and Sole Right to Manufacture "HUGHES' ORIGINAL AND ONLY GENUINE HIGH DRIED WELSH SNUFF." Messrs Williams and Son purpose extending the Manufacture to meet the increased demand of this Old Favourite Snuff, which they are prepared to supply in Canisters of all sizes. N.B.-None Genuine without the Signature and Trade Mark of W. Williams d, Son on the canister. PRICES ON APPLICATION-THE TRADE SUPPLIED. OFFICES AND MANUFACTORY, i CRANE STREET, CHESTER. February 23rd, 1869. DOL G E L L E Y. mm ROYAL SHIP Pgpl FAMILY AND COMMERCIAL HOTEL AND POSTING HOUSE. MUCH additional convenience has been added to this Establishment, combining Spacious Coffee and Sitting Rooms. Attendance, Is. per day] BILLIARDS. Omnibuses to and from all the Trains. Coaches to all parts of the District. Ponies and Guides at fixed charges. EDWARD JONES, Proprietor. J. W. ROGERS, A UCTIONEER AND VALUER, BEGS to intimate that he is open to negotiate for SALES of all descriptions of Property to be dis- posed of by Auction. All Sales will be conducted on the most economical principles with trustworthiness. Money advanced upon every description of Goods consigned for absolute sale. Draperv Stocks bought by Private Treaty, or prepared for Sale by Auction. All communications addressed to 10, Market-street, Aberystwyth, will receive immediate attention. J. EVANS, AUCTIONEER AND APPRAISER, CASTLE INN, BRIDGE STREET, ABERYSTWYTH. NOTICE OF REMOVAL. WILLIAM & GEORGE DAVIES BEG to inform the inhabitants of Aberystwyth and the public generally, that they have now entirely REMOVED from Market-street to 31 Little Darkgate- street, to larger and more commodious Premises, where they have just erected a new Oven, whereby they will be enabled to carry on their business more advantageously to the public and with greater satisfaction to themselves. W. & G. D. would take the present opportunity of thanking most sincerely all their kind friends for the sup- port and patronage they have received during the last Five years they have been in business, and hope by strict attention, civility, and moderate charges, to merit a con- tinuance of that support they have so gratefully received. BENSON'S WATCHES Of all kinds. LEVER HORIZONTAL CHRONOMETER KEYLESS CHRONOGRAPH CLOCKS Of all kinds. DRAWING ROOM DRAWINGROO1'I DINING ROOM CARRIAGE CHURCH HALL & SHOP GOLD JETVELLERY Of the Newest Design. BRACELETS BROOCHES EAR RINGS LOCKETS NECKLACES Mr BENSON, who holds the appointment to H.R.H. the Prince of Wales, has just published two Pamphlets, enriched and em- bellished with illustrations-ono upon Watch and Clock Making, and the other upon Artistic Gold Jewellery. These are sent post free for 2d. each. Persons living in the country or abroad can select the article required, and have it forwarded with perfect safety. 25 OLD BOND STREET; & THE CITY STEAM WORKS, 58 & 60, LUDGATE HILL, LONDON. PULVERISED MAGNETIC ORE. IMPORTANT to ENGINEERS and FOUNDERS JL as a Polish for Brass, Steel, &c. An invaluable Knife Powder. A considerable quantity on Sale by Private Contract; Id. per lb; Is. per stone; 6s. per cwt.; -25 per ton, delivered at the G.W.R. Station or Cambrian Rail- way, Dolgelley. Samples and testimonials on application to the Manager, PULVERISED MAGNETIC ORE WORKS, DOLGELLEY, Or Mr THOS. SCOTT, MOUNT PLEASANT, DOLGELLEY, N. WALES.
MR HANBURY TRACY ON MILITARY…
MR HANBURY TRACY ON MILITARY LABOUR. In the House of Commons, on the 12th, Mr HANBUBY-TRACY rose to call attention to the waste of public money which arises from adhering to the system of employing civilian labour on the construction and repair of works and buildings connected with the War Depart- ment, when experience gained at Woolwich, Dover, Park- hurst, and the Aldershot and Curragh Camps shows conclusively that soldier labour can be used with the greatest benefit to the service; and to move,—That, in the opinion of this House, an authorized organization should be adopted for extending the system of "military labour to military works" to all stations of her Majesty' army. He remarked that an army would become efficient in pro- portion to the extent to which structural duties were combined with the ordinary routine. A great many military men had not yet clearly made up their minds what a really efficient army should be, but it was generally agreed, he believed, that a considerable time must elapse before we could place our forces on a par with the principal armies of the continent. Historical students were aware that centuries ago the Romans were accus- tomed to exercise their troops, not only in the use of arms, but also in intrenching camps, and in other works likely to be useful to the army. More recently Napoleon declared at St. Helena that if his troops were properly trained they could, under a good general, fight as 'well with spades as with muskets. In America, again, only the other day, the greatest advantage was derived from having a large number of artificers in the ranks. Lord Grey, in his evidence before the Recruiting Commission, stated this very clearly. His lordship said-" I would on no account take away any part of the time that was necessary for making the soldier perfect in his military drill, and I would especially require a complete knowledge of the use of his weapons, but I am told that Americans have found that the system of drill is capable of very great simplification, and that they have discovered that the efficiency of their army depends to a very great degree upon the skill of the men, not only in the use of weapons, but in the use of tools. The efficiency of the American army was increased to a degree that it was difficult to describe by the skill of those volunteer soldiers, many of whom were drawn from the western parts of America, and who had the ready habits of settlers in applying all the resources they could find to their own advantage; that the efficiency of those men in that respect was one of the great sources of strength of the American army, that it was found in that contest that entrenchments could be erected in a wonderfully short space of time by skilled men, and they had the power not only of making earth- works, but of rapidly constructing railways, and laying down electric telegraphs, and making all the arrangements for the communication with the army and carrying on all the work necessary for its advantage. Some of our own officers tell me that there was very much indeed for them to learn from what they saw actually done in the course of that contest in America." What he wished to point out to the House was that down to the present moment no attempt had been made to carry out an organized system of military labour. Out of from 400 to 500 barracks occupied and unoccupied, only six were actually repaired by the troops themselves, and thus no sensible saving of the public expenditure was effected. In 1861 the War Department seemed to have taken up the idea of utilizing soldier labour on a large scale, and Sir G. Lewis, then Secre- tary of State for War, appointed a departmental committee to inquire into the whole subject. In 1862 that committee —having received and examined into a large correspond- ence-reported strongly in favour of the attempt being made. Sir John Burgoyne spoke of the advantage to the social position of the country and to soldiers themselves from developing among them an aptitude for becoming workmen of the class oif artizans; and Lord de Ros said that no doubt almost all barrack repairs could be done, and well and cheaply done, by soldiers; that bricklayers' work would, under competent direction, be quite within the compass of the soldier in barracks, and in camp the repair of huts and tents, the forming of drains, and, above all, the making of roads, seemed almost essential to rendering him able and efficient on service. The depart- mental committee expressed the opinion that the troops should be employed upon the repair of barrack damages, fair wear and tear repairs, making and repairing barrack furniture, or stores, and indeed upon any work that the officer commanding the regiment or corps, or the com- manding Royal Engineer, might consider they could be advantageously employed upon, and that the general officer commanding at the station might approve. It ought, he thought, to be laid down that it was as incumbent on the soldier to repair his own barrack as to guard it.' He had looked into the correspondence on that subject for some years past, and he found that, with the exception of one or two letters, the whole of it related to the industrial employment of the troops, more as a recreation and amusement for the soldiers than as a means of economizing expenditure and benefiting the public. Now, the time had arrived when that matter should be looked boldly in the face; and he thought it only required a little pressure from the War Department to cause the system which he was advocating to be carried out on a large scale. The experiment of employing troops to repair their own bar- racks had been tried in several cases, and wherever the commanding officer was favourable to it it had worked successfully, and resulted in a considerable saving of pub- lic money. Colonel Jeffreys stated that the employment of soldiers at Parkhurst for upwards of eighteen months in executing barrack damage repairs, and fair wear re- pairs (termed incidentals), together with various new works of considerable extent, had produced a saving of 30 per cent., and the work had been performed to the satis- faction of the resident engineer; while the discipline of the troops had not been in the least degree impaired, or drill and efficiency interfered with. Colonel Jeffreys observed, however, that the system could not be carried out in the army without the cordial co-operation of commanding officers, combined with general officers of districts, acting under instructions conveyed through the Adjutant- General of the forces from his Royal Highness the Com- mander-in-Ghief. It was not right that the adoption and, still more, the success of the system should be left to depend on the willingness or the caprice of commanding officers; and, unless the War Department made it an im- perative rule that each corps should have a certain proportion of artificers, and should do all its own barrack repairs, the system must prove a failure. At Aldershott j the experiment had also been tried, and it was estimated that a saving of about 10 per cent on incidental repairs, rising up to 50 per cent, on some new works, had attended the employment of soldier labour. The saving at the Curragh was estimated at 39 per cent. That saving had been effected only last year; he believed the year before there had been an actual loss owing^ to the want of sufficient superintendence. At Woolwich the saving had been estimated at 20 per cent. on incidentals, and 25 per cent. on new works. With regard to the other recom- mendation of the committee that soldiers should be occasionally employed in helping to erect fortifications, he found that in the colonies great success had attended the experiment, and at Bermuda, Gibraltar, Quebec, and in New Zealand great saving had been effected. That showed that there was a great latent power in the army which only required organization for its develop- ment. In the home stations fortifications had been erected by companies of Infantry, together with the Royal Engineers at Weymouth and Dover. In a memor- andum on the comparative cost of sapper and civil labour, Captain Percy Smith, of the Royal Engineers, stated that:—" The saving effected by employing military labour (Royal Engineers and Line), instead of contract, is 28*41 per cent. Every soldier during each day that he is actually employed on the works clears off (by doing the work cheaper than a civilian) his whole cost to the country, including regimental and working pay, bounty, clothing, barracks, hospital, &c.-in fact, everything except 3fd. per diem. The amount of work done by an average soldier (taking day-work and piece-work, Royal Engineers and Line, together) is '71 of that done by a civilian." With regard to the work done at Dover, which had been executed on a large scale, he was glad to see in the House an hon. and gallant gentlemen who had presided over it, and who, he hoped, would favour the House with his experience on the matter. He had endeavoured to obtain the number of artificers in the ranks of the army, but had not been suc- cessful. In many cases recruits were in the habit of saying they belonged to trades for which they had no qualifications, in others they declined to state to what trades they belonged. But supposing they were to take it that there were no artificers whatever in the army, in a short time, if they were to train them and give good working pay, they would be at no loss to find as many as they had need for. As to the good effects which such training would have, not only on the men but on the army itself, he would give the testimony of Mr J. Buckley. That gentleman said:-The knowledge of the fact that a soldier can return to his home an independent member of the community, instead of being an outcast almost of society, would have such a tendency to improve the re- cruiting for the army that parents would no longer hesi- tate to allow their sons to enter its ranks. Young men of respectability, as tradesmen, would no longer hesitate to become soldiers if they knew they could still continue to practise their trades: a better description of recruit is obtained for the Royal Engineers from the knowledge that a certain amount of working pay is certain." If the plan were adopted of having seven artificers in each company they would thus obtain a body large enough to carry out any work that might be required. He might be asked how was the plan to be carried into effect, and where were they to get the superintendence from ? His answer was that we had an organization in the Royal Engineer force ready to carry out soldier-labour to any ex- tent. It was to the Royal Engineers that we must look for superintendence. Certain objections had been made to the plan. For instance, it was said that it would be impossible to get a sufficient number of artificers. But let them give good working pay, and they would be sure to find any number they required. Then it was objected that these men if paid well would purchase their discharge. In the colonies, of course, they would, as many of the Royal Engineers had done, but the reason was that the working pay of the Royal Engineers was exactly the same wherever we sent them. But if when we sent our Engineers to the colonies, where wages were higher than in England, we raised our working pay, we should find that the men would not be so anxious to purchase their discharge. Then it was said that there would be a large expense for workshops and tools. But that need not be the case, because in nearly every barrack in the kingdom there were workshops for civilians, and these might be easily made available for the soldiers, and with regard to tools the Royal Engineers had the necessary tools already. Then it was said that it would spoil the soldierly appear- ance of the men. But the soldierly appearance of the Royal Engineers, though the men were employed five days in the week, was not spoiled; and in Australia, where barracks were being built, the men were only called on one afternoon in the week to what was termed swaggering drill," and they were well set up notwithstanding, and did their work admirably. Then he was told that in garrison towns the scheme could not be carried out; but in Dublin, one of our largest garrison towns, he found that a per- centage of seven men to each company would enable us to employ every day a sufficient number under the Royal Engineers to keep the barracks in repair. In his opinion the organization must be local, under the Royal Engineers, and not regimental, and then there would be fto trouble whatever. In France the system he advocated was car- ried out to a great extent; there all the gun-carriages were made by the artillery, and why should they not in this country? At all events, there was plenty of work by which the labour of soldiers might be utilized. The ex- periment of barrack building by means of soldier labour and the assistance of the Engineers had been tried with success by Colonel Clark, now one of the directors of Admiralty works in this country. Similar work had been done at Plymouth, Chatham, Woolwich, and Portsmouth, and although the innovation was at first opposed by officers, on the ground that the discipline and drill of the men would suffer, it was admitted now that this had not been the case, but that, if anything, employment had made the men better soldiers, while the saving effected had ranged from 30 to 40 per cent. In conclusion, he urged that England ought not to be behind other countries in regard to the industrial capabilities of her army, which in some emergencies might augment its effective strength, and that this period of peace was a proper one for the initiation of judicious reforms by we might at once reduce expenditurejand promote efficiency. He moved, That, in the opinion of this House an authorized organization should be adopted for extending the system of military labour to military works,' to all stations of her Majesty's army." (From the Times.) A short debate on Military Labour has just opened an important question of military administration. To under- stand it the reader must remember, first, that nine out of every ten recruits are upon an average husbandmen, labourers, artisans, or mechanics, and, next, that a large sum of money is annually expended upon the construction and repair of works and buildings under the authority of the War Department. As ordinary labour is for the most part employed on these works, ordinary wages are paid for it, and the Bill, as we have said, is usually a long one. It is proposed, however, to employ upon such works not solely or necessarily hired civilians, but the soldiers them- selves-that is to say, the artificers actually existing in the ranks of the army. Labourers and husbandmen would be perfectly effective with the spade and the bar- row, while each artisan would be similarly available after his particular craft. A table now before us gives as the result of a year's recruiting about 500 farm labourers, 250 mechanics of various callings, and 150 manufacturing artizans in every 1,000 men added to the ranks. It is obvious that in such a list almost every known handicraft would find its representatives, and, indeed, we may ob- serve, as a curious illustration of the case, that the late Duke of Wellington on one occasion found among his troops skilled coiners in number sufficient for coining the money which he happened to want. Starting, therefore, from the fact that the army undoubtedly contains within itself workmen enough for the execution of most military works, we have to ask whether the employment of the troops on such works would consist with their discipline and efficiency, and, if so, why they are not regularly and systematically employed. Nobody who reflects upon the subject can well deny that the soldier himself might be confidently expected to gain instead of losing by such occupation as is hereby de- scribed. In the army there is only too much unoccupied time—in other words, idleness; and idleness breeds as much evil in barracks as elsewhere. It would be much to the soldier's benefit to offer him something to do, and it happens that in these days such work as we are speaking of may actually enter very effectively into his professional instruction. In future campaigns the spade will probably be called into use as much as the rifle, while the introduc- tion of railway and telegraphic communications will create a large and incessant demand for military artificers. It follows at once that a soldier who is also a good workman would be more valuable than one who was a soldier only, and that digging or building may really be regarded as serviceable branches of drill. In the American war we are told, and we can readily believe, that the efficiency of the recruits from the Western States was quite extra- ordinary. These men, trained by the exigencies of a settler's life to put their hands to anything and turn every chance to account, were among the most useful of Grant's troops nor, indeed, could the war in Virginia have been carried on as it was, save for such a supply of ready arti- ficers and extemporized engineers. On the other hand, while the soldier would be thus a gainer, the advantage to the State would be equally considerable. It will be easily discerned that a soldier, being already engaged at a cer- tain rate of pay to give his services to the public, would, for a comparatively small addition, be ready to turn this service in a new direction. Offer him a shilling a day extra pay, and he would be only too glad to do the work for which a hired civilian would expect three shillings, for he has already got his board and lodging, and all his earn- ings would be clear gain. It was stated in the debate that the wages actually paid in this fashion were Is. 3d. a day to men working as artificers, and 9d. a day to those classed as ordinary labourers—a large saving, as we need not add, upon the,ternis of the regular labour-market. Nor should we quit this part of the subject without ob- serving that Mr Headlam, speaking from his experience as Judge Advocate-General, anticipated great moral advan- tages to the soldier from this kind of employment. He said that, according to his belief, half the crime in the army was traceable to the temptations of idleness, and that the opportunity of earning an honest penny would make the men not only richer, but better too. If, then, such a system as we have been describing would be bene- ficial to the State, to the army, and to the individual soldier, what can be the impediments in the way of its I adoption It is said-or, rather, it has been said, for the assertion was not repeated in the debate-that soldiers themselves would object to such labour, and that the prospect would probably deter many from enlisting. A recruit, we were told, is often, not so say usually, of an idle disposition. In point of fact, it is out of sheer dislike to work that he does enlist, and we should not run counter to such inclina- tions. On this argument we need only say that even if it were desirable to encourage such dispositions, there would be no harm in the system proposed, which implies, not compulsory, but only voluntary work. With greater force it was urged by General Herbert that all labour re- quires superintendence and direction, and that unless an Engineer officer or some equally competent manager were at hand to inspect and control, the work performed might be dear even at the price paid for it. We feel very much tempted to say that if this exigency were met by inviting the officers as well as the soldiers of the Line to instruct themselves in the arts of the Royal Engineers, it might be all for the good of the service. Why should not a young lieutenant acquire the skill and practice necessary for the superintendence desired, and be recompensed also by addi- tional pay? The truth of the matter is this-that the system is new, and that not only from its novelty, but from its apparent tendency, it is distasteful to military i authorities of the old school. This was the fact expressed by Mr Cardwell when he said that to succeed in such a scheme you must "carry the commanding officers with you." It is not every commanding officer who would choose to see his men taken away from the drill which is regarded as the proper business of a soldier's life. Skill might be gained at the expense of smartness, and, }n some eyes, smartness is everything. Probably the reader is aware that Military Labour, according to the plan pro- posed, has actually been employed to a considerable ex- tent, and with excellent result; but Mr Hanbury-Tracy, to whom we are indebted for the introduction of the sub- ject, argued that the system could never have fair play until it was based upon an authorized organization," and supported by the co-operation of the War Department. At present the views of a commanding officer determine the practice of the regiment, and on this estimate, how- ever capriciously formed, the adoption of the new system would depend. Accordingly Mr Hanbury-Tracy sought to obtain such an "opinion" from the House as might act effectually on the military authorities, and, through them, on the commanding officers of regiments. To this proposal Mr Cardwell replied. He acknow- ledged the force of every argument which had been ad- vanced on behalf of the system, and even added some of his own. He welcomed the industrial employment of soldiers as tending to break down the barriers between military and civil life, and he anticipated increased popu- larity for the services from the introduction of pursuits which would be useful when service had terminated. He avowed, in short, his sympathy with the motion, and he informed the House of the steps he had actually taken in furtherance of the principle recommended. In communi- cating with the Commander-in-Chief he had expressed a hope that the attention of commanding officers might be drawn by a circular to the good resulting from the system, and that regiments might be moved as little as possible in cases where the men had been tolerably successful in ob- taining work on their station." Such an intimation from such a quarter may be presumed to have its effect. Com4 manding officers, though somewhat absolute in their own spheres, are amenable to the authorities above them, and if it is once understood that those who administer the army are in favour of the system here discussed, we may expect with some confidence to see it gradually prevail.
TIME TABLES-APRIL.
TIME TABLES-APRIL. CAMBRIAN. WEEK DAYS SUNDAYS m 1 2 31 2 3! 1 2 II 2 3 1 2 8 am am|amampm|ain Leeds dep. • 59 2 301 Manchester •• 7 30-10 451 4 15| Liverpool ? Jni ? t% Oswestrv .arr •• 10 20. 1 50j 7 15] S y den 10 80 2 5? 7 25! 6 15 Welshpool 4 40 U 2a{ 2 50 8 16j 7 5 Newtown 5 22 12 «5: 3 2D: 8 o3j 7 48 Llanidloes 6 30 12 40 4 15 9 30 8 25 Machynlleth 6 55 9 20 1 25, 4 53jl0 13i 9 25 Glandovey Junction 9 32 1 40 5 5 I •• Glandovey 7 8 9 35 1 4o 5 8:10 25] 9 40 Ynyslas 7 25 10 0 1 57 10 4210 0 Borth 7 31 jlO 10 2 1 5 30,10 47(10 5 Llanfihangel 7 38 ilO 20 2 6 5 37j 10 52^10 13 Bow Street 7 43 10 25 2 11 5 45 10 57jl0 20 Aberystwyth .irr 7 58 10 45 2 25 5 55 11 10^10 35 'i i 4 f 1 2 81 2 31 2 sjl 2 3ll 2 3 1 2 81 2 3 am am am pm p HI am pm Machynlleth. dep 7 0 9 15: 2 5 5 5 9 30 Glandovey Junction 9 23 2 29 5 16 9 41 Aberdovey 7 30 9 43: 2 35 5 32 9 57 Towyn 7 40 9 541 2 43 5 43 10 8| Llwyngwril 7 55 10 12| 2 55 6 0 10 25 Barmouth Juncfion 8 10 10 23j 3 6 6 11 10 36 Barmouth Juncfion 8 10 10 23j 3 6 6 11 10 36 Barmouth June. 8 10 ..10 25j 3 10 6 15 10 40| Penmaenpool 8 30 10 45{ 8-30 6 35 11 0 Dolgelley hy'b'is 8 50 11 5j 3 50 6 55 11 20 Barmoutn 8 15 10 28, 3 14 6 16 •. 4 0 Dvffryn 8 44 10 42^ 3 30 6 29 4 14 Peasant 9 0 ..10 50:3 38 6 37 4 22 Harlech 9 14 ..10 57 3 45 6 44 4 35 Talsarnau 9 85 11 6354 6 53 446 Penrhyndeudraeth 9 46 6 011 11 4 0 6 58 5 0 Portmadoc 10 06 911 21 4 87 7 Criccieth 6 2211 35 4 18 7 20 .5 23 Avon Wen 6 3011 43 4 25 7 28 5 31 Pwllheli arr 6 4011 53 4 35 7 33 5 40 Carnarvon 7 3012 35 5 21 95 6 50 ias 12 jl 231 2 31231 2 3123 iam am pm pm pin 1 am pm Carnarvon..dep 5 50 10 20i 3 20 7 0, 8 0 Pwllheli dep 6 2011 15/ 4 15 8 5 9 0 5 50 Avon Wen 16 3011 28 4 25 8 15 9 11 6 0 Criccieth 6 3811 36 4 35 8 23 9 20 Portmadoc 6 5111 49112 55 4 48 8 36 9 35 Penrhyndeudraeth 7 011 58 1 15 4 57 8 45 9 45 Talsarnau 7 512 3 1 28 5 2 9 51 Harlech 7 1412 12 1 47 5 11 10 1 Pensarn 7 2112 19 2 2 5 18 10 9 Dvffryn 7 2912 27 2 20 5 26 10 17 Barmouth arr 7 4212 40 2J55 J5J59 ■ ■ 10 30 Dolgeliey by'Dus 7 012 0| 2 25 5 0 5 0 Penmaenpool 7 2012 20j 2 45 5 20 5 20 Barmouth Jc. ar 7 4012 40| 3 5 5 40 5 40 Barmouth June, dep 7 4712 45j 3 12 5 44 10 35 5 44 Llwvncwril 7 5812 56| 3 27 5 55 5 55 ToVvn 8 15 1 13,3 58 6 13 6 13 Aberdovey 8 28i 1 24| 4 18 6 23 6 23 Glandovey Junction 8 44 1 40. 4 35 6 39 6 89 Machynlleth .arr 8 55, 1 50) 4_50 6 50 6 50 12312 8 12 123123 128 am lam rpm pm pm pm Aberystwyth.dep ..18 0 1 0 3 45 6 0 6 0 Bow Street 8 13, 1 13 4 5 6 12 6 12 Llanfihangel 8 18, 4 10 6 16 6 Borth 8 24 1 23 4 25 6 22 6 22 Ynyslas 8 29 1 28 4 45 6 27 6 27 Glandovey 8 47: 1 44 5 10 6 42 6 42 Glandovev Junction 8 50: 1 48 5 20 Machynlleth 8 25 9 5 1 56 2 155356 56 6 56 Llanidloes 5 0 9 40 2 85 I.. 7 30 7 20 Newtown 6 0 10 80i 8 28 5 51 6 20 8 15 8 15 Welshpool 7 1011 15 4 5 7 10: 6 55 9 0 9 0 Oswestrv arr, 8 0 12 0 4 55 7 55 9 40 9 40 .dep! 8 512 5! 5 10 8 0 Liverpool* |ll 20 3 30; 8 5011 5 Manchester U 6 8 0.8 1011 5 Leeds arr; 1 15( 6 2011 10 MANCHESTER AND MILFORD WEEK DAYS 1 2 3 1 2 3) TT5 12 3 am am pm pjn Aberystwyth dep 7 0 9 10; 2 85 6 5 LlanrhvstydRoad 7 8 9 23 6 15 Llanilar 7 16 9 38, 2 48 6 27 Trawscoed 7 23 9 50 2 55 6 3, Strata Florida. 7 50 10 23| 3 14 • 7 10 Tregaron 8 5 10 45| 8 28728 PontLlanio 8 12 •• 11 0 •• •• •• 7« Bettws 8 25 11 |5 •• 7 58 Lam»etsr daerp I is ::Sa iU5 88iS SXSSStorjfg •• j j jg |» PAtirttder « lo • • 1 O 4 20 9 0 • • Pencaaer dep 9 15 4 21 9 5 Carmarthen .arr 10 5 5 5 9 55 Whitland arr 1 19 5 54 „ dep 1 25 6 30 Tenby 2 10 7 15 Pembroke 2 35 7 40 Pembroke Dock 2 45 7 50 123 12 3 128 123 am am pm I pm Pemb. Dek. dep 10 30 j 8 15 Pembroke 10 38: 3 23 Tenby H 10j 5 0 Whitland ..are 11 57 5 45 Carmarthen arr' .12 55 6 34 Carmarthen dep 7 20 1 15 6 40 Pencader arrl 8 15 ..12 4 7 30 „ depj 8 17 2 5 6 30 7 31 Pencader Junction 8 19 2 7 6 38 7 83 Maesycragiau 8 30 2 18; 6 55 7 46 Llanybyther 8 50 2 30 7 30 7 58 Lampeter arr' 9 5 2 42 7 45 • 8 10 „ dep1 9 15 2 45 8 30 .8 16 Bettws 9 25 » 52 8 40 8 22 Pont Llanio .i 9 43 8 12 9 0 8 38 Treoaron 9 55 • 3 22 • 9 lo 8 45 Strata Florida 10 15 9 g •• 2 ff Trawscoed 10 37 3 o6| ..9 58 1915 T lanilar • 4 4j 10 10 9 23 Llanrhystyd Hoad.. 10 58 ..414 -10 23 ..933 Aberystwyth arr 11 5| 4 20 .• 9 40 SCIENCE AND AUT.—A striking instance of the immense value a small piece of steel may acquire by the great power of skilled mechanical labour is the balance-spring of a watch. From its extreme fineness and delicacy 4,030 weigh not more than one ounce, and exceed in value £ 1,000. A most interesting little work, .describing the rise and progress of watchmaking, has been published byJ. W. Benson, 25, Old Bond-street, and the City Steam Factory, 58 and 60, Ludgate Hill. The book, which is I profusely illustrated, gives a full description of the various kinds of watches and clocks, with their prices. Mr Benson (who holds the appointment to the Prince of Wales) has also published a pamphlet on Artiste Gold Jewellery, illustrated with the most beautiful designs of Bracelets, Brooches, Earrings, Lockets, &c., &c suitable for Wedding, Birthday, and other presents. These pamphlets are seat post free for two stamps each, and they can- not be too strongly recommended to those contemplating a pur- chise, especially to residents in the country or abroad, who are thus enabled to select any article they may require, and have it forwarded with perfect safety.