The Illustrated Usk Observer and Raglan Herald

SUMMARY OF PASSING EVENTS. THE punishment for manslaughter was reduced to its minimum at the late Liverpool Assizes, when a man named John Edwards was sentenced to "three days'" imprisonment for killing Patrick M'Coy. The men quarrelled in a public-house and went out to settle their differences, and, as the I judge remarked, the injuries were received "in a fair stand-up fight." AT the same assizes a painter named Harriman Burns was tried for the wilful murder of his wife. It was a clear case of murder; but it was shown that the prisoner had been for some time labouring under some strange mental delusions, and the jury acquitted him on the ground of insanity. He was therefore ordered to be confined during her Majesty's pleasure. A DISPATCH from Alexandria says that cholera has almost entirely disappeared from the lower districts, where it was most prevalent but has since broken out in Upper Egypt, and a medical commission has been sent thither. The directors of the Prussian hospital in Alexandria have been warmly thanked by the Egyptian Vizier for their humane exertions during the late visita- tion. From a record of deaths by cholera in Malta, it appears that the island has been heavily visited by this disease. On the 5th inst. there were 57 attacks and 33 deaths, and on the 10th 70 attacks and 30 deaths. This was the maximum, however, for since that period the numbers decreased daily, and according to the latest accounts the epidemic had almost disappeared. THE arrival of the Great Eastern in England puts an end to the long suspense as to the fate of the Atlantic Telegraph Cable. It has failed for the present, but there are yet strong grounds for hope that it may eventually become the means of electric communication between this country and America. The conjectures as to the cable having snapped while the cause for non- insulation was being sought out, prove to be correct. It was while hauling in to search for faults that the severance took place and the cable disappeared beneath the surface of the Atlantic. Buoys moored with hundreds of yards of rope mark the locality where the end of the cable was lost. The Great Eastern was obliged to dis- continue her efforts to recover the cable after the 4th inst. in consequence of continued bad weather until the 7th, when a second unsuccessful attempt to raise it by means of grapnels failed. On the 10th and 11th other attemps were made with like result, and the stock of rope on board being then ex- hausted, the vessels commenced their return voyage, with the object of procuring stronger tackle. On the whole, the news is better than most persons expected, as it is considered highly probable by scientific men that the end of the cable may be brought once more above the water, and the link to Newfoundland be completed. THERE is nothing particular to record from America, except that President Johnson's health is gradually being restored, and that the negroes are daily becoming more alive to their position as free creatures. IN other parts of the world, however, there are matters going forward that need a little explana- tion. In the vast empire of China, to wit, a crisis is imminent. China Proper, as our readers are aware, though of mighty extent, was formerly confined within a vast wall, which was con- sidered one of the seven wonders of the world. Outside this wall is Tartary, a nation composed of many and various tribes, and those in the immediate borders of the Celestial Empire made occasional inroads upon the Chinese and committed depredations for which they were several times punished, but eventually their possessions were seized by the Chinese Government, and added to the dominions of the empire. This territory is now set down on the maps as Chinese Tartary, of which Nankin is the capital; but there is a border line to this occupation, beyond which certain wild tribes exist, who of late years have been exhibited to the world as pirates of the worst order, who traversed the Indian Seas for plunder, and added murder to their other crimes. The assistance of England was sought to put down these maritime plunderers, and some months ago we were shocked to hear of English vessels ascending the rivers, and, wherever they saw any of these Tartar tribes, firing into them without knowledge of their guilt. Since then these Tartars appear to have committed depre- dations on land, carrying off valuables in that country called Chinese Tartary, and showing open fight to the forces that were sent to suppress them. They were then declared to be rebels, and the Chinese Government sought to bring them. under the dominion of the empire. But they were not so easily to be put down; and the latest accounts *from China report that the rebels of Shantung, the north-eastern country, just south of Nankin, have attacked, defeated, and slain the Tartar Prince Sa-n-ko-lin-sin, and seized a portion of the territory in that principality to a point: within 100 miles of Pekin. The Chinese Govern- ment, upon hearing this,, ordered a disciplined force, with some heavy artillery, controlled by 1 European officers, to go out and put down the re- i bellion. Upon arriving outside the borders of f China Proper, however, the Europeans were re- 1 minded that they must act solely under the orders of the prince of the territory; and the con- clusion that the Chinese arrive at is, that the princes of Chinese Tartary are ready, like their wilder neighbours, to rebel against the supreme Government. The advisers of the Emperor of the Celestial Kingdom have, in their extremity, consulted the British minister and sought his assistance, and it is made ta appear that if strong efforts are not used China will be reduced to anarchy; and it is further stated that if England does not move in the matter the Chinese will seek the aid of Russia, who will greedily accept the compliment. Already has it been announced in the old placard form that "some easy work and heavy pay awaits a few smart and enterprising young men who will enter the service of his Celestial Majesty the Emperor of China." What vast changes might occur in the Eastern world, who can tell ? THERE are again disturbances at the Cape of Good Hope. This colony, it will be remembered, formerly belonged to Holland, but in course of events fell into the possession of the English Government. It is of great importance in a mercantile sense; firstly, because it is the place where ships call for water and provisions on their voyages to and from the East Indies; and, secondly, on account of the number of British settlers, who employ their capital in cultivating the soil and transmitting the products to the mother country. Some years ago the early Dutch settlers established the free and independent State of Transvaal. The adjoining territory still belongs to the aborigines, and a strong powerful tribe called the Basutos, of which a chief named Moshesh rules, occupies the country. The latter affirm that the Dutch colonists have cheated them in the matter of boundary; and thus the abo- rigines have declared war against their neighbours, and recently have made an inroad into their territory, have driven off all the cattle they could meet with, and committed much slaughter. The English governor has warned all colonists not to interfere, but the Dutch settlers in the various States are forming themselves into a volunteer force, and are already marching northwards to aid their friends. Thus a formidable war is anti- cipated for the Basutos, we know from past ex- perience, can fight, but the Boers, as the Dutch colonists are termed, are very determined, and reckoned amongst the lustiest as well as the most plucky men in the world. IF space permitted us we should like to say some- thing of New Zealand, for when the newspapers parade to the world that William Thompson, one of the chiefs of the Maori rebellion, has made his submission, the public are apt to think that this settles the question, but it is not so; every other scrap of information is adverse to a peaceable settlement of the dispute. The colonists look upon Sir George Grey's administration as a failure; the new governor is unfriendly with Sir Duncan Cameron, the commander of the forces, and more- over dispenses with the advice of his ministers, to their extreme indignation and disgust, and, stranger than all, there is a split amongst the colonists; the Auckland people are actually talking about setting up for themselves. No state of things can be more deplorable, and the worst of it is, there appears no likelihood of a speedy release from all these difficulties. Our soldiers are quite sick of the savage warfare in which they have been so long engaged, and, in point of fact, the soldiers and the officers desire nothing so much as to be recalled home knowing the pluck which always characterises the British soldier wp oannol help thinking that if the cause in which he was engaged in New Zealand was a good one, he would not show the reluctance to engage in it that he now exhibits. Seeing how completely Sir George Grey and his predecessor, General Brown, have failed in their dealing with the Maories, it might be worth consideration whether an entirely new method of procedure would not be attended with more substantial advantage to the colonists themselves. Coercion, so far, has signally failed perhaps a little coaxing might succeed a great deal better. AN industrial exhibition for the north-eastern districts of the metropolis was opened a few days ago with some ceremony, the Lord Chancellor and the Lord Mayor presiding over the inaugural rites. The object of this exhibition is to raise the tastes of the working classes, and to aid in the establishment of a permanent museum of works of art and manufacture for their especial benefit. We wish it all success, although, from ocular demonstration, we cannot speak boastingly of this first attempt. IT will very soon be apparent whether the Suez Canal is to justify the anticipations of its pro- moters, or fulfil the prediction of the late Robert' Stephenson, that it would turn out a, mere ditch. On the 15th inst., the floodgates at the Mediter- ranean terminus were opened, and a vessel laden with coal passed direct to the Red Sea. The news of the event was at once forwarded to the Emperor Napoleon at the Chalons camp, and of course a congratulatory reply was returned.. IT is one of the unhappy features of a chronicler of events to picture crime as it exists, and week by week this duty becomes more onerous. To par- ticularise a few that have oome before our notice during the past few days is painful. A gigantic swindle has just been discovered in a London Joint-stock Company. It is stated that some defalcations being found in the affairs of a metropolitan cemetery company, the secretary, who was the responsible officer, was suddenly seized with indispositien, and allowed to retire, when he died on his way home in a cab. A further investigation showed that 2,500 shares of the com- pany had been forged and issued, involving a loss of something like £ 25,000, and this could not have been done, but through the secretary. A VERY sad affair is reported from Batley, near Dewsbury. A rifle volunteer, named Eli Sykes, after returning from battalion drill, called upon his sweetheart. It is supposed they quarrelled, and in a fit of jealousy he killed her. The girl's mother, who came to her daughter's assistanee, he also fatally stabbed, and a neighbour, who inter- fered, was wounded. Before he was taken, the wretch gave himself several severe stabs with his bayonet, but is J not mortally wounded, and is in safe custody, Huddersfield has been the scene of another tragedy, but not of such a sensa- tional character. A yoang fellow, a moulder, hav- I ing quarrelled with his sweetheart, threw himself into the canal, and was drowned. To the young woman the suicide was entirely unanticipated, but, sad to say, she was the first, to discover the body, We are greatly afraid that the crime of suicide, as well as that of murder, is in- creasing in the land. It is sad to suppose that with our increased means of obtaining knowledge, and our supposed progress in civilisation, there should be those amongst us who, because of trifling disappointment, resort to murder for re- venge, and the cowardly act of self-destruction, rather than brave the difficulties.

Cholera and its Remedy. The week has been full of plagues, rumours of plagues, and remedies for plagues. The cattle pest is spreading into all parts of England, and the cholera has already reached Marseilles, killing there some ten a day. It is marching slowly north-westward, may be expected here in a fortnight, and will probably prove severe, an epidemic among men just after an epidemic among cattle being always a terrible one. The Boards of Health are moving, but it is almost too late for ex- tensive improvements, and the only thing remaining is to teach the people three great truths. First, that cholera is not contagious, and that a panic leading to the desertion of the sick is as absurd as it is cowardly. Secondly, that the best preventives before it arrives are cleanliness, ventilation, and pure water; the best after it has arrived a lavish use of chloride of lime or common white-wash. And, thirdly, that the only sudden remedies which should be taken before the doctor's arrival are a wine-glass of brandy, or a quarter of a grain of morphia, both palliatives found most effectual in India. They do not perhaps cure but they prevent that terrible prostration of the nerves which makes the progress of the disease so quick.- The Spectator. Locking the Doors of Railway Carriages.

In the individual, partial paralysis of the brain evidences itself by weakness at the extremities. So in corporations, which are nothing more nor less than aggregations of individuals, where the central ruling 1 power, the head, the executive, or by whatever name it may be called, is weak in conception and fulfilment of the duties devolving upon it, that the legs and arms of such executive must inevitably fail in performing what ought to be their legitimate functions. We fear that this is too true an illustration of the condition of several of our railway companies. The irregularities that railway directors too often commit in the gross are imitated fey their underlings in matters of detail; in the one case, to the pecuniary loss of the share- holders; and, in the other, to the danger of the public safety. These observations are painfully true of that magnificent line of railway known as the Great Western. Again the rumour is circulated that the coming dividend will be unfavourable, and, in con- sequence, there has been a considerable fall in the market value of the shares. To add to the difficulties of the company, it is reported to be virtually without a head. It is not long since a gentleman was appointed to the lucrative and important post of chairman, who was deemed in all respects well qualified to perform the onerous duties incident to such a position. He, however, is about to retire, and Mr. Watkin, whose railway experience is great, was pitched upon to fill the vacancy. Bat, brilliant as the offer is in one sense, Mr. Watkin, for no doubt very good reasons, will, it is said, decline to accept the post. Perhaps he has not the courage to undertake the Herculean task of setting in order the mismanagement which has hitherto clung about the conduct of the affairs of this great undertaking. As to the practical working of the line, an incident has just come to light, which proves that, notwithstanding the recent railway accidents, both doors of the carriages in which the passengers are confined are sometimes looked. Last session, owing to the indifference of the Government, or perhaps the inability of that insouciant statesman, Mr. Milner Gibson, to devise a general measure, Lord St. Leonards brought in a bill declaring it to be absolutely illegal to lock both doors of railway carriages. At the special request of the Government the bill was withdrawn their representative in the House of Lords stating that the Government had under their considera- tion a general Act for regulating all railways. The consequence of the withdrawal is that, on the Great Western Railway, as the secretary of the Com- pany admits in a letter to Lord St. Leonards, both doors of P,ggODgor oeoriiagoo are HOmetimeS luukea. The reason for persisting in a prac- tice that ought to be declared illegal, and would have been so now but for the interposition of the Government, is that it is necessary to enable the guards to collect the tickets at such stations as Swindon! Lord St. Leonards thought that the discus- sion in the House of Lords would have been as effectual as the bill itself if passed into law. But the public know that corporations are proof against what is called moral influence," and that nothing less than legal compulsion will operate upon them. The latest admission made by the Secretary of the Great Western Railway Company is an instance in point.The Press.

The Cattle Plague. It really appears to us that foreign cattle are safer and sounder than English cattle. Last week there were at our cattle-market nearly 4,000 foreign beasts to about 3,000 English, and a salesman on the spot assures us that several of the native animals were in- fected, but not one of the foreigners. Nor do we much wonder at this. We have certainly got a cattle plague among us, wherever it came from, but France and Belgium and Germany have no such misfortune. They might object to our beasts more reasonably than we to theirs. And they are exceedingly vigilant and careful in the matter. They employ skilled inspectors at the ports of embarkation, while we are now doing the same at the ports of debarkation, so that there is a double security against infection. Indeed, as far as we are aware, nobody asserts that any beast visibly or presumably plague-stricken has been admitted into this country. The theory is that the disease was dormant," and developed only some time after landing. How far this theory is probable the public may judge; but it seems to us that a great deal more evidence of its truth should be forthcoming before we shut our ports against foreign cattle, and confine our- selves to a market not half large enough for our wants, and known to be infected withal.—Times.

Close of the New Zealand War. The surrender of William Thompson is an example of what may be done by the employment of disinte- rested and reasonable agencies. Some weeks ago we announced, on the authority of private letters, that the Governor had yielded to the entreaties of Mr. George Graham, a member of the House of Repre- sentatives, and had sanctioned his projected mission to the disturbed districts. Mr. Graham is an old settler, J and, like many of his class, enjoys the confidence of the 1 natives, and is anxious to secure their just treatment. J He has withal the utmost faith in their capacity for < improvement and in their reasonableness as men. He straightway made for William Thompson's head- 1 quarters, and found that chief accessible to argument and persuasion. The first fruits of his admirable 1 enterprise are seen in the surrender of the New Zea- ] land kingmaker; and Rewi, another chief of equal E importance, is likely to follow the same example. 1 This is what has already been accomplished by a peaceful, unarmed envoy, and we believe that if more of such men were employed, the work of restoring peace upon a firm basis would be far from difficult. Times. r The most important news that we have to record in this month's summary is the submission of William Thompson, well known as one of the prime movers in the rebellion, together with other native chiefs of in- ferior note. There have been so many peace negotia- tions with Thompson that his reported submission was at first not believed true, or, if true, not to be of that satisfactory nature as would be likely to ensure a last- ing peace. Saturday last, the 27th of this month, was the memorable day on which Thompson acknowledged the Queen's authority to Brigadier-General Carey; and the place of meeting was a native village called Tame- here, where the rebel chief had promised tolay down the symbol of his submission. It is still an open question, and one that can only be decided by the lapse of time, whether Thompson has really and unreservedly sub- mitted, or is only saving his conscience as a Kingite by a very clever artifice.-Tke Southern Cross (New Zealand).

♦ ITALY. The Italia of Florence says "The rumour that a financial arrangement exists between the Italian Go- vernment and the Holy See for the settlement of the Roman debt is devoid of foundation." The Minister of the Interior has addressed a circular to the Prefect relative to a recent circular of the Minister of War. The Minister of the Interior explains that the object of the last-mentioned circular was to exhort the officers of the army not to allow their esteem and confidence towards their brother officers to be diminished until the accusations brought forward, 2d lIJi,lbhcl5r ,or Privately, against their comrades had been proved. He also expresses regret that cer- tain members of Parliament had taken part in the manifestations to which the circular of the Minister of War had given rise.

OPENING OF THE SUEZ CANAL. ™ fl ISMAIL A, AUG. 17. The floodgates of the Suez Canal have been thrown open, and a vessel laden with coal passed direct from the Mediterranean to the Red Sea on the 15th inst. Intelligence of this event was telegraphed on the same 1?Z Napoleon at the Chalons camp. His Majesty dispatched a message in reply conerratu- lating the company upon their success. °

THE GREAT GERMAN POWERS ON THE SCHLESWIG-HOLSTEIN QUESTION. A special correspondent of a London contemporary, writing from Berlin on the 16th of August, says :— "Some of the most threatening clouds have disappeared from the political sky. The meeting between the Emperor of Austria and the King of Prussia, on which all the friends of peace found their hopes, will positively take place. The King will leave Gastein in a few days, and return via Salzburg. It is believed that the Emperor will be present at the rifle festival which is to be held at the latter place on the 18th, and, perhaps, also the King of Bavaria and the Grand Duke of Hesse. In spite of these accounts, however, a good deal of uneasiness still prevails, most people believing that the present improvement is but a calm between two storms, and that even the visit of the Emperor is but an act of pure courtesy, that will not be attended with any consequences. All that is expected to result from Count Blome's second mission is an understanding on the prolongation of the joint possession. But even this consummation will be at- tended with difficulties. It is certain that Prussia, as a condition sine qua non to this settlement insists upon the departure or expulsion of the Duke of Augustenburg, upon an alteration in the organisation of the Administration and introduction of a more rigorous system of joint government on the part of the two Powers, and, above all, upon the removal of Augustenburg influence. To judge from the late manifestations of the Vienna Cabinet one would scarcely suppose the latter to be in the necessary frame of mind to comply with these pretensions. Notwithstanding, the last accounts state that Austria is ready to submit on these points. It is affirmed that the Duke, since his councillors have left him for different destinations, has determined to follow their example, a resolution at which he would scarcely have arrived without a hint from Austria, or at least some indication that this step would give satisfaction at Vienna. Another indication of compliance on the part of Austria has been furnished by the circumstance that a series of measures in the direction desired at wh J6<s K?n •op-^d, the provincial adminis- tration of Schleswig-Holstem. Lastly, we are told that General Von Manteuffel will retain the command of the troops of both Powers, and will soon present himself in this capacity to the Emperor at Vienna, an event which could scarcely occur if the mutual relations of the "proprietors" possessed the dangerous character attributed to them by public opinion. But even in the most favourable case such an understanding really taking place and lasting an indefinite time, all parties would still be far from a satisfactory goal The Schleswig-Holsteiners would be blessed with two jealous and disunited Regents Austria would realise neither the hopes of the Dake of Augustenburg nor of her German confederates; and she would, moreover, be continually exposed to the danger of her influence being from year to year more fr mLU1rermine- 7 Prussia> Prussia would r derive none1 of those benefits from the Duchies which she anticipated. It is, therefore no woxxaer tnac tne Liberal party should violently oppose the continuance of the provisional state of things, and charge the Schleswig-Holsteiners in fierce language with the creation of this abnormal position by their political infatuation, as the expression is. I subjoin the following extract from the Kolnische Zeitung on this subject "This compromise," says the Rhenish journal, wfll ieave much to be desired in every direction- still it possesses the advantage that war will be avoided and time given for reflection. May this time be profitably employed, and particularly so by the Schleswig-Holsteiners. They never oared anything for the Augustenburgers-not even during the first days after the death of Frederic VII. did anybody in the Duchies think of the Augustenburg hereditarv claims. Their zeal for the alleged hereditary Duke if.lia ml1-ch,newer dat.?' and the entire legitimacy as ^oblematical as possible. Among the Schleswig- Holsteiner teachers of State rights nobody, for the B { °* !?. y/eara of this century, ever doubted the Danish right of succession to Schleswig, and even for Holstem the Augustenburg right can by no means be proved to apply to the whole of the country. But even if the doubtful hereditary right should not have jundically expired, as affirmed by the Prussian Crown jurists and lately also by Austria, it has at any rate been morally forfeited. And is it for the sake of questionable a title that the Schleswig-Holsteiners are going to incur the misery of "petty stateism ?" Where are the Schleswig-Holsteiners of 1848 and 1849, who formed the essence of the German y— ?. We*0 never tired of assuming that they were Prussian to the bone; that, if Prussia would but liberate them from Democrats, they would become Prussians cheerfully? Where see one now and then in the Daohies. The others will not even offer Prussia ¿:L. _'L. w1110^ was already conceded by the Imperial Con- • stitution of the 29 th March, 1849, and if they refer to the miserable system of Government that at present exists in Prussia, this is but a poor pretext for their unhappy. desertion of the great German fatherland. If the t0Abe introduced to-morrow co5d scarilv ? concessions to Prussia som? nf T7 ,Ie?? Pa8sionate. It is the ancient song °t the great German nation — the jealousy, the dissension, and rivalry of the German rulers! None will submit to the other. Fortunately this is no longer necessary. A great German State has been formed, uniting Germans of al- ,9 most every race. Under what race are the Schles- wig-Holstemers, whose manliness and capability nobody disputes, to subordinate themselves ? Under the Brandenburg, perhaps, with its much talked-of junkers, who are as little to our taste as to that of the Schleswig-Holsteiners. Brandenburg forms but a small part of the State of Prussia, and the Schleswig- Holsteiners are much more closely related to the Brandenburgers, the Pomeranians, &c., than, for in- stance, we Rhinelanders. And they will be allowed to have as much influence on us as we on them." »

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