The Cardiff and Merthyr Guardian Glamorgan Monmouth and Brecon Gazette

LINES ADDRESSED Ta A CHILD, Seest thou the rose It springeth from the lowly earth, It hath a bright and lovely birth, Where the warm east wind blows: 80 when God's spirit bTeathes may sweet flowers start Gladdening the low and earthly place —the heart, Seest thou the stars They shinp with pure and hraveu1, light, Shedding their radiance on the night, No mist their glory mars So IJursting through the clouds tlut darkly roll, May the pure day-star rise within thy soul May thy young years Be given to Him who gives thee all, No doubt disturb or fpar appa] But aH tby spring timp tpars Flow on in gratitude to Him above, Who draws thy youthful hpart with cords of love, Still be a child, Even when age its snows shaH shell, Am] years go dimly o'er thy head- A daughtpr reconciled, As humbly to thy Father's footstool drawn As when thou satest there in life's dear dawn.

THE FAITH, "Hark how t11e wind is whistling, mother, List to the driving rain; And, alas, to think fhat my gentle brother Is tossed on the stormy main," The mother raised her meek blue eye From tlw holy book to the stormy shy, And a momeat's flush went o'er her brow As she thou!Zt1 of the boiling flood below. But she checked her human weakness well, And sighed for the heart that would reúd And then she meekly spoke-" My love, I will not fear, there's a God above." But 1 have bqen to the garden, mother, And the vine is trailed and tom, One rose-tree crushed, and pale the other Droop" like a thing forlorn And oh'. all night how the tall trpes creaked, As ii' some fearful woe thpy\¡;hrieked." Again the mother's pale Wieek burned, As she thought of him for whom she yearned; Hut she spoke again in holy trust, The God I worship is good and just." 'But look at the tossing wavis, mother. How they dash, and foam, and roar, And the wild winds howling almost smother Their eehoings ashore." The mother looked to the ocean wild, And her heart grew sick for her absent child, And the strong prayer rose from that swelling heart- 1\1y GOQ, thy aid and help impart." Look, look to the path from the beach, mother, fiome neighbour that must be- Oh, should he say mine only brother Is wrecked in that stormy sea." But the mother's brow grew deeplier flushed, And her Very breath at her heart was hushed, And the light in her meek and trmtfiV eye Grew bright as a star in a írosty sky; Then oyer thp cottage floor she sprung, And hack the door on it"! hinges flung, And round hpr wet and weary boy She flung her arms in feverish joy, The gallant ship is all a wreck, But she hath fallen upon his neck: His hard-earned wealth is lost and gonp, But the God of mercy hath spared her son,

Uitcrarg 5arietírø. THE BRITISH NAVY.—The navy, as it is caned, the develop- ment of an immense sea force, in whose proficiency and might the highest as wen as the lowest take interest and delight — which even engages the spirit of dilettantism displayed in the numerous yacht club<it is this which represents the first con- dition of the trades and manufactures of England, and forms the strongest support of hpr universal dominion. It is only by reference to this, that it bpcomes possible to solve the problem, how 26,000,000 of Englishmen are able to rule -00,000,000 of foreigners. And the navy continues to be the source and instru- ment of her continually increasing wealth, of which some idea may be formed, when I state that, according to Mr. Porter's reports, the savin;;s-nanks of Engiand alanp, in thp year 18,11, containpd about £ 24,000,000 sterling ■ that thp number of ships was above 30.000, of which 900 were steamboats; and that more than £ 80,000,000 sterling were invested in railroads alone. Thp navv, therefore, which works an these wonders, which engages men in a continual struggle with a dreadful and unruly elpment of nature, which accustoms them to live in thpir frail houses on the rolling main, and to be always ready, for life or for death-it is this, especially, which imparts cool and manly courage to the people as a whole, and elevates them i'l1 every practical relation far above all other nations of the earth, -Dr, Cants, SIR ROBERT PREL,-A pparent1) flfty: the head well-formed, strong, and tolerably large, exhibiting rather brpadth than heighth. The relations of its three divisions, SI) far as one may judge b; a general glance, and through the yet strong dark iron- gray hair, tolerably good; the middle part, as IS commonly the case with hpads of even broader form, depressed. His features express much firmness, blended with something thoroughly pro- saic, yet deeply intelligent. In conversation with men of elevated positions his manner is mildly deferential, and with others invariably refined, circumspect, and restrained. I no- ticed he was a1wap dressed in black. with white neckcloth, and no orders of any kind, In his daily intercourse he is con- Jlidered co1d and proud, and without many personal intimate friends.— Ibid. TUE DUKE OF WELLINGTON.—The TCry image of an old soldier. Stiff, deaf, but animated we spe at a glance that he must have been once what we term a well-made, handsome man, The form of his head and face is oblong, the upper part not particularly expressive, but the forehead and back particu- larly high, White hair, still rather bushy when compared with others, and considering his age. The orbits of his eye broad, and decidedly conveying the impression, the Duke is to be considered as a man acting more from what he sees than what he hears,-aa impression upon which his life forms the best commentary. I saw him generally in uniform, with various decorations. He led his own rpgiment at the review, and notwithstanding that a few years since the windows of his house were broken by thp moh, he seems still to be the man of the people, for whenever he was seen, we invariably heard, •' The old Duke, hurrah hurrah fOT the old Duke !Ibid, Mr, Murray, of the Edinburgh theatre, set the modern Atheniana in a roar the other night with a new rpading of the air-drawn dagger apostrophe in Macbeth :— Is that a railway that 1 see before me, The premium toward my hand ? Come, let me clutch thee: I have thee not, and yet I see thee still, Hast thou, then, no provisional committee- And but a railway of the mind; a false creation Proceeding from the scrip-oppressed brain ? I 8ee thee yet, in shares as palpable As the Glenmuchkins, and now with Equalising calls for present payment, Which was not 80 before, That's quite another thing." A WIFE. Yes; a world of comfort Lies in that word wife After a bickering day To come with jaded spirit home at night And find the cheerful fire, the sweet repast, At which, in dress of happy cheeks and eyes. Love sits, and smiling, lightens all the board ( The Maiden A unt, by Brinsley Sheridan, son of J, S, Knowles.) CHANCE. Was it bv chance ? What an uncommonly strange thing Chance is What heaps of sins, like charity, it hides; Or, rather, altogether blots them out For who's to blame for that he had no hand in, Which was not meant-was never once foreseen Which happened-some way-as a thing might drop Out of the clouds tho', yery strange to say, It always falls pxactlv where we'd have it! Chane; is a scapegrace, who, in all his life, Did never do a proper action yet, He puts his hand to nothing hut he blunders Mistakes his neighbour's pocket for his own Ruins good rauses without fault in the pleader; Gives the wrong medicine, and kills the patient; And, like an awkward knave, makes poor roung ladies, The Ipast designing creatures in the world, Meet the same man, at the tame place and hour, Day after day, who never for a moment Dreamt in their walks to meet with anything But fields and trees, and charming scenery.-Ibíd, j

A5* TXOT.TSTT LANDLORD AND HIS IRISH SUB-AGENT. We extract the following humorous dialúõuo between an Injlish landlord and his Irish 3ub-agent from a work recently published, entitled, The O'Donoghue — "Roger Sweeny," said Sir Marmaduke—" Roger Sweeny complains of his distance from the bog he cannot draw his tnt so easily as when he lived on that swamp below tha lake; but [ think the change ought to recompense him for the incon- Teníence." "He's a Ballyvourney man, your honour," said Sam, pla- cidly and If you couldn t bring the turf up to his door, and cut it tor him, and stack it, and carry a creel of it inside to make tll8 fire, he'd not be content." 011, that's it, is it 1" said Sir Marmaduke, accepting an ex- planation he was far from thoroughly understanding. "Then here's Jack this fellow mean by sayin" that a Berkshire pig is no good 1" He only means, your honour, that he's too good for the place, and wants better food than the rest of the family." The man's a fool, and must lparn better. Lord Mudford told me that he never saw such an excellent breed, and his ■vri i,«-herd is one of the most experienced fellows ill England. Wt low Mul — Mul — what ?" said he, endeavouring to spell an unniually long name in the book before hilll-" Mulla Mullahedert," your honour," slipped in Wylie, a very dacant *• Then why won't she keep thoBe bee-hives ? can't she see wbat an excellent thing honey is in a house-if one of her chil- chen was sIck, for instance ?" "True for you, sir," said Sam without the slightest change or feature. It is wonderful how your honour can have the mind to think of these things-upon my word, it's surprising." "Samuel M'E]roy refuses to drain the field-does he "No, sir but he says the praties isn't worth digging out of dry ground, nor never does grow to any size. He's a Ballv- Tourney man, too, 51r, •• Oh, is be ?" said sir Marmaduke. accepting this as a reeeint in fall for any degree of eccentricity. P If Shamus l\l'Ui1Iícuddy-IIeaTens, what a name This Shamus appear# a very desperate fellow he beat a man the other evening, commg back from the market." "It was only a neighbour, sir; they live fomint each other A neighbour but bless my heart, that makes it Worse." If Sure, sir, it was nothing to spake of; It was Darby Lenahan ..1d lour honour's bull was a pride to the place, and Shamus .ald the O'Donoghue's was a tiner baste any day and from one WOTd they came to another, and the end of it was, Lenahan got « orack on the skull that laid him quivering on the daisies." Savage ruffian, that Shamus I'll keep asharp eye on him." '• Faix, and then"s no a Ballyvourney man." The old baronet looked up from his large volume, and seemed for a moment undecided whether he should not ask the meaning .1 a phrase which, occurring at every moment, appeared most ppr- pl811ng In signification; but the thought that by doing 80 he altoaldeoafaa* hll ignortaaa b9lore the lub.amu daUrradhim. ar,d he resolved to leave the interpretativn to ti:11e and his own ingenuity. What of this old fellow, who has the mill ? Has he con- sented to have the overshot wheel I" He tried it on Tuesday, sir," said Sam, with an almo-t im- perceptible smile and the sluice gave way, and caaried off the housp and the end of the barn into the tail-race. He's gone in to take an action again your honour for the damages." Ungrateful rascal! I told him l'ù he at the whole expensc mv.elf, and I explained the great saving of water the new wheel would insure him." "True, indeed, sir; but as the stream never went dry for thirty years, the ould idiot thought it would last his time. Begorro, he had enough of water on Tuesday, anyhow." He's a Ballyvourney man, isn't he 1" lie is, sir," roplied Wylie, with the gravity of a judge, Another temptation crossed Sir Marmaduke's mind; but he withstood it, anù went on- "The mountain has then been divided, as I ordered, has it?" Yes, sir; the lines were all marked out hefore Saturday." "Well, I suppose the people were pleased to know that t11('Y have each their own separate pasturage ?" lnùecd, and, sir, I won't tell you a lie-they are not; they\1 rather it was the ould way still." "hat! have [ taken all this trouble for nothing, then ? is it pnssihlp tInt they'd rather have their catlle straying wild about the- country, 't1un see them grazing peaceably 0;: their own land?' That's just it, sir for, you see, when thpy had the moun- tain among them, they fed on what thpy cuul,1 get one had maybe a flock of goats, another maybe a sheep or two, a heifer, an ass, or a bulisheen." A what 7" A little buH, your honour; and they didn't mind if one had more nor another, nor where they went, for the place was their own but now, Ih:>1 it is all marked out and divided, begorra, if a beast is got trespassing, out comes some one with a stick anù wallups hi7n back again; and theu the man that owns him, natural enough, wouldn't see shame on his cow, or whatever it was and that leads to a fight; and, faix, there's not a day now but there's blootl spilt over the same boundaries." They're actuttily savages," said Sir Marmaduke, as he threw his spectacles over his forehead, and dropped his pen from his lingers in mute amazement; I never heard—ttKTer read of such a people." The}"re Ballyvourney men," chimed in Wylie, assentively.

DISTRICT ROADS BOARD. A mpeting of the members of the Eastern District Board was held at the Cardiff Arms, in this town, on Saturday last, the 6th inst., which was altended by Evan David, Esq., vice-chair- man of the district; Lord Jamps Stuart, M.P.; It. F. Jenner,Esq.; Walter Coffin, Esq. Hichard Bassett, Esq.; E. II, Lee, Esq,; Edward Bradley, Esq.; the Rev. G, Thomas; Rev. E, W. Richards; Rev. T, Stacey; Rev, Jas. Evans; also, E. p, Richard*, Esq,; C, C. Williams, Esq,; Thos, Dalton, Esq" clerk of the County Roads Boarù; and. S. Cox, clerk of the District Board. Mr. David, having been called to the chair, the minutes of the last meetio3 were read ar.d confirmed, additional mpmbers sub- scribed the declaration required, and some additional contract3 for the supply of road materials were entered into, The chair- man then read a communication from the County Roads Board referring several matters to the consideration of the District Board, which we re disposeù of as fullows :— TUB OLD ACCOUNTS.—The accounts of the Cardiff, Bridgend, and Cowbridge Turnpike Trusts were to be examined, and as the books and papers relating to these were very volu- minous, a committee was appointed, consisting of the chairman and the vice-chairman, and also Mr. E. Bradley, wIth authority to obtain the assistance of an accountant, if necessary, to in- vestigate the same. THE PROPERTY OP TDE LATE TnusT8,-A list of all the toll. houses and gardens was read over, and also of all implements, stoek of broken stones, and halances in hand, as far as thev could be made out. The clerk stated that he had applieù to the clerks of the late Trusts, but had received no answer from the clerks at Carùiff and Cowbridge. It was resolved, that the Clerk of this district apply again to these parties and report thereon to an adjourneù meeting of tbis Board to be held on the 20th iost, OLD TOLL HorsEs,-It was resolverl that those not now re- (luired, inelnding the Rumnev Bridge Toll Housp, be valued by a competent person, and offered to the owner of the adjoining pro- perty at such valuation, as directed by the Act. It was further agreed upon that Mr. Walker, of Bridgend, be requesterl to make such valuation. COMPENSATION TO LATE LESSEES of TIIF. TOLLS. Mr. Morriee, the late lessee of the Carditr Tulb, claimed £ 84, being the average annual profit maùe by him, on the ground—That as the term he had ou the gates would not have expired for another year if the Act had not passed, he had consequently lost that sum, The meeting seemed to doubt the validity of tl1is claim, as the lessee had voluntarily given up his taking. It further ap- peared that the latter had retained a balance III hand of £ ol arrears of rent as a spt off against the above claim, It was eventually detenninpù that :\1: Morriee be requested to attend the next meeting of this board, on the 20th inst" to settle the account, when his claim will be taken into further considera- tion, REPAIR OF THE ROADs,-The surveyor produced an estimate of the stoups required immediately, and also of the labour, and an order was given him for stones to the amount of about £ 440 also of three additional labourers, besidps £ 10 for in- cidental expenses, according to the form directed by the supcr- Ïl1tend<,nt, Several gentlemen complained of the bad state which the roads throughout the district were getting into, and the surveyor was urged to lose no time in getting them repaired. It was remarked that the allowance hitherto made by the County Roads Board was quite inarlequate to keep the roa,1.s in repair, the cost of repair alone undpr the old system was in the three Trusts equal to about £ 2300 per annum, while the present allowance for repairs would not exceed £ 1300 yearly. INCIDENTAL EXPESsEs,-Several hills were read over, and various orders on the treasurer were signed by the chairman for thp incidental expenses. REPAIR OF STREETS THROUGH TOWNS.—The survpvor of the district having omitteù to do anything on Crockherbto.wn-street, Cardiff, Mr. ltichards and Mr, Williams, applied to this Board on the subject, stating that this had always been repaired hy the Old Trust. The meeting seemed to think that as it was paved, and lighted with gas by the Street Commissionprs of the town under their local aet, it should not be repaired by the county. The chairman enquireù if the South Wales Commis- sioners had maùe no map of all the turnpike roads in the county, distinguishing those to be repaired by the different districts, as directeù by the act, Mr, Dalton stated in reply that they had declined making a map. It was eventually resolved that counsel's opinion be taken by Mr, Richards and 1\Ir, Dalton, on the liability to repair the street through Crockherbtown.| The incomplete state of the Taff Vale Railway Bridges in this district was stated to the meeting, .which were dangeroui for those who passed over thorn, and notice was given that the sub- ject should be brought forward at the next meeting of this board to be held here on the 20th inst. 0

THE BISHOP OF BATH AND WELLS AND THE CHURCH. The Lord Bishop of Bath and Wells, on the occasion of his vacating the See of Oxford, has returned the fol- lowing reply to the farewell address presented to him by the archdeacons, rural deans, and clergy of bis late diocese TO THE ARCHDEACONS, RURAL DEANS, AND CLERGY OF THE ARCHDEACONRY OF OXFORD. My Dear and Rev, Brethren,—I hare read with feQlings of deep emotion the address whlch you have transmitted to me. To have received sueh a document from my clergy would, under any circumstances, have been a high and lasting satisfaction to me, and one which would have gone far to cheer me under the prospect of a separation from those from whom, during a period of 16 years, I have received more marks of respect and kind- ness than usually fall to the lot of an indi vidual; but when I consider the temper of the present time, the grievous conflict of opinions which agitates us, and the mulual doubts and suspi- eions which have alienated from each other many who formerly were of one heart and mind, I feel that to have recpÏ\"ed an address so worded and so signed, is an event the most gratifying that could have occurred to me, For that addre3s I now beg you to accept my best and warmest thanks. I thank you for the expressions of your personal regard, and interest in my temporal welfare I thanl, you for the kind and generous con- structions which you have put upon my past actions I thank you for your good wishes for my happiness in my future sphere of duty; but, above aU, I thank you for the assuranre of your prayers, that God would give ml- grace in my declining years diligently to execute the work anù mmlstry of a bishop unto the flock of Christ, 808 that in the day of final account I may find acceptance with Him, When, indeed, I look back upon that career, of which YOU have 8poken with such undeserved eom- mendation, I can. see nothing but a record of much weakness and manifold infirmities, both in jud,1Ilent and action; and, if in any degree I have seemed to come up to the favourable opinion which you have expresspd of me, it is no false müÙesty to say that your piety and zeal have made my labour3 easy, and your ready co-operation and willing obedience have insured my suc- cess, Under sueh an OTerwhelmmg sense of my own insuffici- ency, it is an unspeakable comfort to me to feel that he who is named as my successor is one not less eminent for his high attainments, his earnest piety, and his Christian gentleness and discretion, than for his unwearyinll energy and zeal. Never- theless, how inadequately soever I may have discharged the duties of my office, my heart's desire has ever been to promote the eternal welfare of that portion of the Lord's flock which has been committed to my trust; and how much soever I may have erred in judgm<,nt, the object which I have steadily set before me from first to last has been the faithful maintenance of the doctrine and discipline of the Church of which we are minis- ters, And now, since the present is the last occasion on which I can address you as a body, I feel it due to us both that my affectionate farewell should be mingled with one word of earnest exhortation, suggested by the events in the midst of which I leave you. We part at a time when heavier grief and scandal have fallen on our Church than she has known for many gene- rations and they who have wounùed her have been those whom she has nurtured from their youth up, Our faith, indeed, tells us that eventual good is ever working out of apparent evil; and, convlllced as we are that ours is a true and living branch of the Holy Catholic Church, we may not doubt that Christ is in the midst of her. We therefore feel our loyalty unshaken, and that our allegiance is inalienable. Still we are full of sorrow and grief for our brethren's sake anù for our own. We see that our sins have caused our miserable divisions, and that our divisions have caused the truth to be spokeu against, and the Church's adversaries to triumph. Let the past then be a warning to us all, and let the distressing events of the last few years satisfy us, that when even good men, and men influenced with the best intentions, allow themselves to act as a party, instead of simply and seyarately following oul the principles of obedience to the Church, their efforts on the Church's behalf are sure to be marred. "At this ud juncture what the Church most needs is relt, Time and quiet alone can restore the confidence of our people. Let me, then, implore you to show to the Church and to the world, that Ihere is no intention on your part to keep up a party, Let uothmg be done by you which earnes wlth It the appear- ance of agitation. Let us say little and do much. Let there be less discussion and mofe action; fewer harsh censures on our neighbour8, and more careful looking to ourselves. Let us not suspect one another, nor judge one another, nor condemn one another as we have of late; but let us love one another, and torbear and forgive one another, seeking to be led into the way of truth and to hold the faith in unity of spirit, in the boud of peace, and in righteousness of life. And now, my dear bre- thren,'fare well. Called as I am to preside over another diocese, 1 cannot hope to meet many of you again in this world, even if my own days should be prolonged; but I have the comfort of your assurance that I shall be remembered in your prayers, and you will not doubt that you will be ever remembered in mine, May the God of peace that brought again from the dead our Lord Jesus Christ, that great Shepherd of the sheep, through the blood of the everlasting covenant, bless you and the Hocks committed to your charge. May He make you perfect in every good, work to do His will, working in you that which is well pleasing III Hi* tight, throughJQ8U1I Christ, w whom be glory for ner aad tVW, J fc«., R, OXFORD.

THE POSITION OF THE OREGON QUESTION. if the tone of the speeches and newspapers received by the Ian American mail may be taken as a criterion, the warlike sr.irit is abating in the United States. Mr. Webster's speech a; l-'anenil Hall—that powerful utterance of a wary statesman imbued with high and just moral feeling-inay be hrlci to cseak the prevailing sentiment? of the States Fast of the H'uls~>n. Even in the Western and Southern States, the wri- ters and takers of the War party are craftily qualifying" their exasperated declamation. The very persons who im- »o ;ed the shibboleth "the whole of the Oregon, or none," protest that they only meant by it to express the conviction that their country's title was unassailable in law, not that it might not be partially waived from considerations of policy. It is plainly intimated that the 49th parallel of latitude for a frontier iine wonld be an acceptable compromise and con- cession, once begun, may go farther. With all their big task, the United States are not quite prepared to go to war and thev know it. These symptoms of a morn pacific temper in the Union are not, however, to be too implicitly trusted. Utterly untenable 111 o iih the Ameiican title to Oregon is declared by the first l'iiropean diplomatists and the least friendly to England, the sreat majority of the prcsfnt generation of Americans never heard it questioned tilt lately. W liile englishmen have been husv about many things, the Ameiican imagination has be. ft filled with the idea of the Union extending from the Atlantic to the Pacific. In all the systematic geographies and school- books, Oregon has for upwards of twenty years been quietly written down as part of the land which (icd has giveu the citizens of the Fured States to occupy. The mass of the ex- isting electors of Congress were taught at school that Oregon was theirs, and never heard the fact questidned till ayear or two a go. John Bull's attention was attracted to this outlying corner of his dominions by their preparations for taking pos- session. The claim of Kugland when heard for the first time, was heard with scoffing and incredulity; and American insti- tutions are ill adapted to disabuse public opinion of any grati- fying error. From the pettiest parish organization to Congress, it is a great svstcm of mutual flattery between the public and its officers. in the United States the Public" is a despot, and hears unpleasant truths as rarely as any other despot. The bulk of the American people are still firmly convinced that Oregon is theirs by right; and the bulk of the American people, nursed in the overweening estimate of their own im- portance natural to all who have been early initiated into vestries and common councils, do not know the disproportion that exists between the strength and resources of the Union and those of England. This public has now sent to the House of Representatives an overwhelming majority of politicians of their own stamp; to the Senate, a majority of 32 to 21; and has elected for President a man sole recommendation was the belief that he is of their way of thinking. There is no security for lasting peace or amicable relations between Great Uritain and the United States with the Oregon question unsettled. The device of joint o cupancy, resoiteil to in 1819, has only fostered that s;>i:!t in the citizens of the Union which appears the strongest obstacle to its settlement on just and rational terms. Any prolongation of the joint occupancy will but make iiiatters worse- keep the two coun- tries in a state of chronic jealousy and iriitation, and leave us after all to nght for Oregon at the last. The peace and secu- rity of England require that the controversy should now be brought to a close. Before adopting measures to this end Ministers and the country wiJllleliberateJy examine what Oregon is worth. In this inquiry, however, the validity of our title to the region will count for something. A nation by tamely relinquishing any portion of territory to which its title is clear and indis- putable, invites further aggression. But England's title to Oregen is clear. From the Spanish (now the Mexican) front- ier to the Russian outposts, the country was surveyed and formally taken possession of by Cooft and Vancouver. From the east side of the continent, Mackenzie, an officer of the Hudson's Ray Company, explored the country as far as the Pacific. These operations were completed before the close ot last century. Nor were they mere flying visits and idle forms they were followed iin by actual and continuous occupancy. Portlock, Dixon, Meai-es, and others, traded to and formed establishments on the north-west coast. The Hudson's Bay and North-west Companies kept steadily advancing their out- posts; which when the war of 1812broke out had been pushed as far westward as the sea and southward as the parallel of the Lower Columbia. To part of the territory Spain (and its successor Mexico) could have laid claim but that claim has been departed from. Russia asks nothing south of the 54ih degree of latitude. The United States alone advance joint or counter claims. But on the ground of discovery they have none previous to the expedition of Clarke and Lewis, during the second presidency If Jefferson, and the American (;0- vernment, in fitting out that expedition, expressly disclaimed all intention of acquiring territory west of the Rocky Moun- tains. Mr. Falconer has uroved that the Union acquired no title to Oregon by the purchase of Louisiana. Previously to 1811, England had done all that is required by the law of nations to acquire a sufficient title to a country occupied only by nomade tribes, an 1 previously to that year the United States had done nothing. Under these circumstances, for England to give up her claim to Oregon—even were the region of little value-merely to gratify the opinionativeness and self- will of the citizens of the United Slates, would be to invite further aggression—to say, take Canada or the West Indies next. But Oregon has much fertile terri ory and a good cli- mate. North of the Columbia, agricultural settlements of con-uderale extent have been formed under the auspices of the Hudson's Bay Company. There is an increasing popula lion of the Company's retired officers and their descendants. And, quite independently of the fur trade, a healthy growing commerce has arisen between Oregon and that great mart of whalers, the American colony of the Sandwich islands to the south, and the Russian settlements to the north. The title of England to Oregon is no longer a mere barren title to waste and unprofitable lands, but a title to watch over and protect the persons and properties of an industrious and enterprising community of British subjects. It remains to be considered whether Great Britain is hound to claim the whole of Oregon, or what part. In determining this point, the arrangement entered into by England and the United States after the war of 1812-1813 must be allowed its due weight. Consent to a state of joint occupancy is equiva- lent to a concession that both parties have some right in the property. A state of joint occupancy cannot in fairness be terminated by extruding either of to- parties, hut by a divi- sion of the territory. It has indeed been proposed to make Oregon an independent state; with what good faith on the part of Americans, let Texas bear witness. What is the prin- ciple most likely to lead to an equitable partition? According to the law of nations, mere priority of discovery, or formal taking possession, are but feeble titles to a new country, and have often been set aside. They require to be confirmed by what civilians call occupancy aniino remanendi. Let Oregon be regarded as a field upon which both nations have cast their eyes with a view to secure it for the future occupation of their increasing numbers; and in terminating the unsatisfactory state of joint occupancy, let the partition be regulated by the extent to which the subjects of either government have gone in occupying the territory animo remanendi. It wiil be found, that though the outposts and trading paths of the English have been pushed on to the south of the Lower Columbia as far as the frontiers of California, the bulk of the English settlements are to the notth of that channel. It will also be found, that immediately south of the Lower Columbia, there is a pretty numerous population of American citizens. The English and American powers have met on the waters of the Lower Columbia it was there that the founders of Astoria and Vancouver actually met in 1812. South of the Lower Columbia, the populdtion is mainly American; consisting of men whose habits of thought and action have been formed under the institutions of the Union -w ho are bound by ties of relationship to its citizens. North of the Lower Columbia, the population is composed of Britons men whose early associations make them cling with affection to the British is'ands & who wish to retain the character of British subjects as rendering widercareers of industry & enterprise open to their children, or of French Canadians, whose love for their neigh- bours of the Union and its institutions is anything but strong. The great and sound principle that the population, not the mere physical position of a territory, ought to decide which nation it should belong to, marks Oregon North of the Lower Columbia as an appanage of Britain, an;l South of it as be- longing to the United States. Of all existing nations, except the Chinese perhaps, the British is the most pacific. The multifarions occupations of its people supply ample excitement without the stimulus of war: Englishmen are so busy that war puts them out. Great Britain, instead of seeking war as some of its neighbours affect to do, would at any time pay a handsome price to he spared the trouble. But the nation will not yield to threats a title so strong as that which it can show to Oregon; it will not leave the British settlers in that region to the miserable alter- native of renouncing their nationality or quitting their adopted homes. Notwithstanding the national repugnance to war, the British Minister who shall encounter it rather than give up our portion of Oregon, may safely reckon on the unanimous approbation and support of the country. The boundary be- tween the Biitish territory and the United States West of the Rocky Mountains, as indicated by the nationality of its popula- tion, is a line dra^n from the parallel of latitude where it crosses the crest of these mountains, to the foot of the Columbia, and thence along the mid channel of the river to the sea.-Spectator. _d_

IMPORTANT OPINION OF THE SOLICITOR. GENERAL AND MR. PITT TAYLOR UPON RAILWAY LIABILITIES. [From the Sunday Timei.] For the satisfaction of our readers, we, however, determined on having the best legal opinion that could be obtained on the subject, and with this view submitted the following case to the solicitor-general and Mr. Pitt Taylor:- CASE. The opinion of counsel is requested on the following case:- Among the numerous railway projects we have selected three, which we shall call A, B, and C. Railways. The provisional committees, in advertising these lines, set forth the advantages to be derived, and then give the following form of request to be made bv applicants for rail way shares:- THE 'A' RAILWAY FOlnf OF APPLICATION FOR SHAKES. To the Provisional Committee of the 'A' Railway. Gentlemen, — I request you will allot me shares of £?O each in this company, and I agree to accept the same, or any smaller number which may be allotted to me, to pay the de- posit thereon, and execute the parliamentary contract and subscribers' agreement when required. Dated this day of J!J45. Na-me in full Occupation or profession Residence Reference The same form of request is also given in the B' and C railways. A gentleman named Z filled up and signed, and sent to each of the committees of three railways a request for 50 shares. Shortly afterwards he received from the secretary of railway 'A' the following letter "'A' RAILWAY COMPANY. DEPOSIT, .652103. 1st October, 1845. "Sir,—I am directed by the committee of management of the 'A' Railway Company to inform you that 25 shares in this company have been allotted to you, and that the deposit of £ 2 2s. per share, amounting to the above sum, must be paid to one of the undermentioned bankers on or before Wednesday, the 25th instant, or such allotment will be void. This letter, with the bankers' receipt at foot, must bo ex- changed for scrip certificates upon the execution of tho sub- scribers' agreement and parliamentary contract, which will lie for signature, &e. I am, Sir, &c., N. M Secretary." Then follows the names of several bankers appointed to receive deposits. From the B' Railway Mr, Z. received a similar letter signed by the secretary of the company, with the variation that instead of the words ''or such allotment will be void the words in default of which this allotment will be cancel- led, and the shares disposed of to other applicants'' are used. And from the • C' Railway Mr. Z. received a lettei from the secretatty of the company as follows The managing committee of the • 0' Railway have, at your request, allo(Md r'11 26 iharu of 430 each, on voadiHoa that yon pay a deposit of f2 2s. per share, on or before Saturday, tlr 7th instani, to one of the undermentioned bankers," &c. It will be seen that the last letter of allotment says nothing ab uit the allotment being void" or cancElied," if the deposits are not paid, but makes a complete contract, on con- dition of the deposit being paid by a given day. Before Mr. Z. paid the deposits, or signed the subscription contracts or parliamentary deeds, a panic arose in the railway share market, and all or most of the new schemes having gone to a discount, he has declined to take up the shares and to pay the deposits thereon, and he has received letters from the s )- liciti rs of the company threatening proceedings to compel him to comply with the letters of request, and he now wishes the advice of counsel h JW far he is liable in respect of such letteis. Firstly—Have the provisional committees any and what remedy against Air. Z. to compel him to take up the shares allotted to him, and to pay his deposits thereon, and to sign the subscribers' and parliamentary contracts? If you should be of opinion that the provisional committees have such re- medy, must they sue in law or in equity? Seeing that if the letters of request and the answers should be held to be bind- ing contracts, do they not constitute a partnership between himself and the provisional committees and shareholders at lar^e ? Secondly—Referring to the terms of the letters received from the 'A' and n' railway committees, declaring that upon non-payment of the deposit "the allotment will be void" in the 'A' Railway, and "canceDed.and the shares disposed of" in the B' Hail way and to the condition cf payment in the 'C' Itailway-is it competent to Mr. Z. to elect not to comply with the terms of the letters of allotment, and thus to make void or cancel his contract; or is such election in the com- mit ees alone? Thirdly-Assuming that there is a sufficient contract in these several rail ways to bind Mr. ZI and that he cannot make void or cancel his engagements by non-compliance with the letters of allotmen', w.ll it be a good ground of defence to any proceedings that may be taken against him if the names of responsible and influential parties have been put upon the provisional committees without their knowledge or consent; or that exaggerated and untrue statements of the profits and advantages 'o arise to the shareholders have been published by the committees to induce parties to subscribe for shares? And generally-Be pleased to suggest to Mr. Z. any steps ho may safely take to save himself from the consequences of his having made application for shares, it being more than probable that neither of the said lines will be able to carry their said hills through Parliament. THE SOLICITOR-GENERAL'S OPIVIOV. With respect to the first question submitted for our opinion we are unable to say how far the prospectus which had been issued by each company may qualify or affect the contract entered into between Z and the provisional committee of each company; but if such prospectus be legal and conformable to and authorise the contract, Z. is bound by his agreement. It is a contract to become a partner to the extent of 25 shares in a co-psrtn: rship recognised by law.—See 7 and 8 Vict c, 110, Joint Stock Company Act. Many and great practical and technics) difficulties, however, would surround and impede any attempt to enforce the con- tract, either at law or in equity. At law every contracting party must be a co-plaintiff, and who are the contracting par- it, s, or promises, must in each case depend upati the prospec- tus and advertisements, and other nutters preceding and attending the contract. In equity, too, the plaintiffs must name iu their biil for specific performance all the persons with whom the defendant has contracted to enter into partnership, and mllst fllrther allege and prove that all such persons are ready and willing to become his co-partners. Many other difficulties must also arrive, which- ever course be adopted, and we cannot see how either could be ultimately successful. SECOND QOKSTION.—The election as to forfeiture or can- cellation, would be in tne company, and not in Z., who wonld not be ailowed to take advantage of his own breach of the agreement. TMtRD QtJESTtON.—It would be a good defence to any action that the names of responsible and influential persons had been published as directors or shareholders, when, in fact they were unconnected with the project, if it could be shown that Z. knew of such publication, and was induced thereby to apply for shares. Whether exaggerated or un:rue statements would vitiate the contract depends upon the nature of such statements. If they were untrue to the knowledge of those who made them, and were material, and calculated to mis- lead, and if, moreover, the purchaser had, either wholly or in part, been induced by them to enter into the contract, they would amount to a fraud, whereby such contract would be vitiated. FOURTH QUESTION.—-We advise Z. to remain quiescent, and if anv legal proceedings be instituted against him to de- fend himself. FIfZttOY KELLY. J. PITT TAYLO i. Temple, Dec. G, 1845*

THE "TIMES" AND THE CORN LAWS. The 'Times of Thursday week has a leading article which commences thus The decision of the Cabinet is no longer a secret. Parliament, it is confidently reported, is to be summoned for the first week in January and the Royal Speech will, it is added, recommend an immediate consideration of the Corn-laws, preparatory to their total repeal. Sir Robert Peel in one House, and the Duke of Wellington in the other, will, we are told, be prepared to give imme- diate effect to the recommendation thus conveyed. An announcement of such immeasurable importance, and to the larger portion of the community so unspeak- ably gratifying, almost precludes the possibility of com- ment. No pen can keep pace with the reflections which must spontaneously crowd upon every thoughtful and sensitive mind. They who have long desired this change, and have long traced its manifold bearings on the welfare and happiness of the world, will in one moment sec the realisation of that fair prospect, will hardly endure to be informed of what they already behold. The approaching event, therefore, which we this day communicate to our readers, must be left to speak for itself. It is understood that until Parliament meets nothing is to be done. For the Legislature will be reserved the responsibility and glory of opening the ports. We pre- sume that none will quarrel with this brief appearance of delay, now that the resolution of the Cabinet is known. The moral certainty of an early opening will be equiva- lent in its operation to an immediate order in Council. It is enough for the merchant and the capitalist to know that by the end of January at the latest, the produce of all countries will enter the British market on an absolute equality with their own, excepting only those disadvan- tages which nature itself has made, and which man cannot entirely remove. Any unnecessary appearance of haste would only create alarm, and might thus defeat, for a time at least, the very object of the measure. Happily, there is no occasion for haste, even if haste were not almost certain to interfere with speed." To the foregoing the Standard replies as follows ATROCIOUS FABRICATION BY THE 'TIMES.' are now, we rejoice to say, in a condition to give the most positive and direct contradiction to the statement of a proposed repeal of the corn laws, which appeared in the Times. The statement, it may be remembered; em. braced three propositions- First, that Parliament is to meet in the first week in January. Second, that Ministers have resolved upon a repeal of the com laws. Third, that the projected repeal is to be announced in the OPOUlag Speech. EVERY ONE OF THESE THREE PROPOSITIONS IS FALSE. Parliament WILL NOT MEET IN THE FIRST WEEK OF TANUARY, or much, if at all, before the usual time of meeting. "Tug CABINET HAS COME TO NO DECISION WHATEVER LTON THE SUBJECT OF THE CORN LAWS. It must be unnecessary to add, in the third place, that a resolution not formed can hardly have a place pro- vided in the Queen's Speech. Upon what we have written above, we stake the character of this journal." The Morniny Herald writes of the foregoing extract from the Standard:— If the assertion of the Standard can derive any addi- tional weight from our adoption, we cheerfully adopt it, and, like our evening contemporary, pledge the character of the journal in which we write, that on this 6th day of December, 1845, it was not, and never had been, intended to summon Parliament for the first week of January, and that upon this same Cth of December no resolution upon whatever the subject of the corn law has been adopted by the Cabinet." *■* ——B——a———CT——an—

General fHtgicUting, A young woman named Carr, who was lately a domestic servant in Lord Strangford's family, has become possessed of a fortune, estimated at LIO,000 the luck really hap- pening through the novelist's hackneyed incident, the death of an uncle in India." RAILWAY SPECULATION.-One of the consequences of the late reckless system of Railway speculation is seen in the formation of a protection society, of which the preli- minary announcement appears in the SUlI, having for its object the adjustment of all claims arising out of Railway transactions. That paper observes: It is a proceeding peculiarly called for by the piesent state of railway law, and the liabilities which hang over parties connected with railway-companies. It is well known that persons of sta- tion and circumstances are menaced with claims to frightful amount, whose fears are still further aggravated by the costs which must be in the first instance incurred, in order to ascertain their legal position. It may be reasonably estimated that the expenses of obtaining what is termed a first-rate opinion will Dot be less than from £ 15 to E20, and lucky indeed will that client be who finds that one opinion will settle every point. In all probability a second will be required, and a conference, as a matter of course, upon matters in difference. The trembling client is now launched upon a sea of litigation, perhaps in equity as well as law, and finds himself involved in a series of diffi- culties, which he is compelled to grapple with at his own unaided cost. Such a state of things, which there is too much reason to fear has already reached many, and will extend to hundreds, calls for some measure of mutual protection for while, on the one hand, the expense of bringing out an useful scheme ought not to fall exclusively upon its promoters, so applicants for shares ought not to be allowed to retire, placing their letters of allotment in the waste-paper basket, laughing in the face of those who only seek a moderate contribution towards an unavoidable outlay. Still more is it to be deprecated that men of deli- cate honour and high-toned feelings should be made the scape-goats of grasping creditors, who single such men out, under the impression that the shame of exposure and the weight of litigation will drive them to a hasty seltie- ment. Such conduct ought not to he tolerated and we rejoice to find that a plan has been most opportunely devised by which just claims may bs reasonably enforced, and unrighteous demands resisted, without imposing upon individuals the destructive expenses which must attend a single-handed struggle. Not only has the time been well chosen, aud the objects judiciously stated, but the parties engaged in it present a guarantee, that whatever can be effected by sagacious energy and professional reputation, will be done to enforce equity, and resist legal oppression. Necessity or Free Will has in former times agitated the public mind more than in the present day. Boerhave says It has been either by chance or necessity that all the great discoveries in Medicine have been made but still he has left the question of Necessity, versus Free Will undecided. And although Blair's Gout and Rheumatic Pills are manifestly one of the greatest discoveries with which the world has been blessed, it certainly has not brought us nearer to the, decision of the important question. VICISSITUDES OF TIIE SEASON.—The characteristic s fickleness of our climate is fluently at this period forcibly and severely illustrated by sadden changes, in which foo-, wind, frost, and rain, alternate with unprecedented rapi- dity. That we are not, however, without ample defence against these inclemencies is fully demonstrated by the inconceivable varieties of costume and appliances, water proof," "wind-proof," and" cold-proof," that are daily pressed on our notice but while every other part of the human frame is thus rendered impervious to weather, the face must still remain exposed and the peculiar delicacy of the female complexion undoubtedly undergoes great, though gradual change from the action of excess, either of heat or cold upon its surface in this instance, ROWLAN D S KALYDOR affords the so-much desired and valuable pro- tection maintaining, unimpaired, that peculiar brilliancy of tint admired beyond all other possessions; while as a preservative, it is equally efficacious, whether against the injurious degree of heat felt in crowded assemblies, or exposure to harsh winds and the low temperature of the winter season.-See Advertisement. THE AesT BRIDGE.—We have the best authority for stating that the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty have signified, to the promoters of the proposed bridge over the Severn at the Aust Passage, their assent to the principle of the bridge designed by Mr. Fulljames, and recommended by Mr. Walker, their engineer; and have required the working drawings of the same to be submitted for their approbation.—Gloucester Chronicle. ACCIDENT AT THE CARMARTHEN TIN "WORKS.—A very distressing accident, attended, it is to be feared, with loss of life, took place on Thursday evening, at the above place. A young man, named Elias, while engaged in greasing the cogs of a large wheel, had his right arm caught and much torn. While writhing and bewildered with pain, in a desperate effort to extricate himself, he planted his left leg on the still revolving wheel for the pur- pose of freeing his arm. The wheel went on, crushing and mangling the leg and thigh in a frightful manner his back and side were also dreadfully lacerated. His cries quick! v brought assistance, when the poor fellow was res- cued from his alarming position, in a state so terribly man- gled and lacerated, that but very little hopes are entertained of his recovery. From the nature of the wounds received in the leg nnd thigh, it is thought it will be necessary to have recourse to amputation. — Carmarthen Journal. RAILWAY SURVEYORS.—These gentlemen have been' of late, extremely plentiful in South Wales. On Sunday last there was extraordinary bustle; coaches and four were crowding the roads from Carmarthen to Gloucester. At Brecon, the same day, 108 railway gentlemen were at the Castle hotel. Many of the innkeepers have reaped a good harvest during the present quarter. The sum received for post-horse duty in the last three months will be nearly equal to the amount for the whole year of 1844. THE GLOUCESTER MISER AND HIS BOY.—Old Wood, the miser of Gloucester, whose will has lately been before the courts of law and the Privy Council, kept a boy—a little one-miserably fed, and in great bondage. One Sunday the master was getting ready to go to church, but got his dinner in some readiness first, that nothing might have to be done when he came home but to eat it. It was ■ a-roast chicken, which the boy st-iyed at home to dress. The old fellow also got out the quantity of wine lie meant to allow himself, and put it upon the chimney-piece but to prevent it being tasted, he wrote upon it, in large letters, Poison." So off he went. The lad was cravingly hun- gry; and as the fowl roasted, he could not help drawing his fingers across and tasting it. But this sharpened his appetite, and he could not resist pulling off a leg. The theft began, he soon went on to the other leg; and so further and further, till he had quite devoured the whole. What was to be done 1 for then came remorse, and, worse than that, soon was coming his master He felt quite desperate and just at that moment his eye caught sight of the phial with the label upon it. Off he drank, at one draught, the whole contents and old Wood came home to find him well fed, and in high spirits—the first time lie ever had animal spirits to be so since he had been in his service.—Sharpe's London Magazine. CONCENTRATION OF MANAGEMENT IN FARMING ON RAILROAD PRINCIPLES.—Among the objects in view in framing these plans was the endeavour to make the farmer regardless of weather, so far as his cattle and yards are concerned, to simplify the superintendence, and thereby ensure his cattle being well looked after, by having them always under his eye and unexposed to the weather, by proper drainage to secure the liquid manure uninjured by weather, and to make the dung of a supe- rior quality, and likewise enable the tenant to get it quickly on the land. The first entirely new features in these views, and which seldom, if ever, has been prac- quickly on the land. The first entirely new features in these views, and which seldom, if ever, has been prac- tised, is the placing the whole farmyard under one roof adjoining the house, the lodges of various descriptions generally required being therefore dispensed with, and the farmer enabled to see at all times whatever is going oil, without the necessity of his leaving his room. One application of this principle may be seen at the different railway station". The farmyard may be compared to the building in which the carriages are sheltered, and the office to the place of business or sitting-room of the far- mer. In these great stations how conveniently is every- thing placed for the required occasion. Whilst sitting in the office, the superintendent can perceive everything that is going on, and nothing need escape the eye of a vigilant person. Why may not the house of the farmer, together with his homestead, be as conveniently situated V Why, in the event of sickness confining him to his fire"- side, may he not still be able to see his men at work and his cattle attended to 1 Undoubtedly it is impossible to construct a homestead so that everything may be seen at once but proper attention to the live stock-a matter of the utmost consequence—may at least be ensured. No objection seems to occur, save one-viz., the possibility of any smell from the yard but by the walls being built of a proper thickness, by the ventilation being properly at- tended to, by the drainage having a good fall away from the house, and by the window, which is not necessarily large, being well fitted with thick glass, it may be con- sidered that the objeafcion (if raised) is capable of easy and satisfactory answer. Look at the animals-under one roof, with plenty of room, dry, warm, and comfortable the yard properly sweet and well ventilated; the weather immaterial, so well as the comfort of the beasts is con- cerned, and no more straw used than usual. See the farmer in his room—his men knowing that he may be always watching their movements. Certainly it may be allowed that there is something pleasing in the picture it is an attempt, at least, to bring the luperintendcnce of a farm under the head of farming made easy ."—Lord Twrington on. Agriculture. Within the last week five hundred coach horses, worked III the great north road, have been sold, in consequence ,f a further opening of the Northern and Eastern Railway. THE CASE OF THE FELICIDADE. —We are informed that the judges have declared the conviction invalidon two grounds-first, that it is not piracy for the Brazilians to carry on the slave trade until they have made it to be so by Brazilian municipal law and, secondly, that the Felicidade was wrongfully taken, not haying any slaves oil board, and, therefore, she did not becolue a British ship, and was not accordingly justified in capturing the Echo. DOING THINGS IN A HeRRY. -At a meeting of the Directors and Guardians of the poor of St. Marylebone, it was resolved, that in consequence of a probability of the ports being opened, no contract for flour or other provisions be entered into for a longer period than three months. All young men and maidens who wish to get married at Gretna must do so speedily, for, by a recent Act, all marriages similar to that recently performed at Gretna- green will cease to be legal after the 1st of January next. -Berwick Advertiser. THE "TIMES" COMMISSIONER V. DANIEL O'CONNELL. -The Times Commissioner, writing from Waterford, on the 29th November, replies to Mr. O'Connell's defence and counter attack, about the state of the tenantry on his property.1 It will be remembered that Mr. O'Connell's defence regarded the town of Cahirciveen this, says the Commissioner, was an artifice; and to show that it is, he quotes all that was said, in the original statement, about that town—" The wretched-looking town of Cahirciveen, its dirty unpaved streets, and old hat-mended windows, reminds me of another subject," namclj, that Mr. O'Connell is tho lessee of the town, and sublets it at a profit-rent as a middleman;" and the writer proceeded then to describe the condition of the tenantry on other parts of Mr. O'Connell's estate. These three lines were positively every syllable about Cahirciveen as the pub- lished letter will prove. Upon that text Mr. O'Connell entered into "a statement about convent-building, priest- paying, fever-hospitals, butter-markets, sot-exacting rent for a churchyard, the excellence of the inn there, and a vast deal more; all ending in self-laudation." Without entering into a detailed examination of his statements, nine-tenths of which are pure moonshine-in fact, utterly false—what answer, I ask, did he give to the charge of having within a mile of his own house the most wretched and squalid and pauperised tenantry in all Ireland ? Not one word of answer did he give. Brazen as he is, he had not brass enough for that. In fact, he occupied his auditory with every topic but the charge against him. And yet they could not see his evasion. I will not, however, stoop to bandy talk with this man. I came not here to humbug the English people; and I shall at once take a course which every Englishman and every honest Irishman will say is a fair course. I offer to appoint six gentlemen, whom I will select from different parts of Ireland Mr. O'Connell, if he dare, may do the same: I will proceed with them, in ten days, or whenever he pleases, to Cahirciveen I will show them, and him too, if he chooses to come, its dilapidation—its filth I will show them the inn of which he has said so much, and which (because of the civility of its landlord to me) I unwillingly say. that with one exception it is the very worst that I have been in in the United Kingdom I will take them to his estate under Mr. Hartop, in the hills behind Waterville, from which, as a middleman, he derives a profit-rent of one-third of his income, and about which, in his laboured defence, he has not said one word I will show them his tenants living there in a state of neglected wretchedness such as none would believe who did not see it, in huts not weather-proof, badly roofed, often with sods, without chimneys or windows, and with literally an iron pot and a turf-basket as their only furniture the beds, usually a heap of stones, covered with turf and heather; the tables, the turf-basket bottom upwards the mud-floor their seat. They shall see the multiplied pauperism, the infinite subdivision of land, the utter neg- lect and misery of the people, left there in a state of nature, untaught, unheeded, to multiply in misery as they list. These poor people must be of necessity removed when the lease is out by Mr. Hartop; who will then get all the odium of the misery which this middleman's neglect has created. They shall hear from the mouths of these poor people—this middleman's !-that they are ill the habit of migrating to Cork, to Limerick, and to Waterford, in the potato season, in order to earn enough at potato-digging, in competition with the poor peasantry of those counties, to pay this middleman's rent. I will take them to Darrynane Beg, and let them look for themselves through the hovels there. They shall for themselves hear the stories about Old Huntiugcap,' as O'Connell's father was called,—about whom I do not wish to say one word; and they will judge of the weight to be attached to his brag about his ancestry! Before Old Huntingcap's time, they ivere I unknown to fame.' They shall hear for themselves, too, the stories about his morality, of which he makes so perpetual a boast. They shall hear, too, from a dozen witnesses, who saw his tenant's cattle im- pounded and sold for rent but a month due, that Sergeant Jackson's charge against him, on whatever testimony founded, was true." The Commissioner avers that the Repeal Agitation itself is kept up by a species of terrorism—" The respect- able men of his own party, who are estimable men, because they conscientiously entertain the principles they hold, believing them to be for the benefit of the country, are constrained by a kind of mob-law imposed on them by the worthless, to support this man in all his vagaries through thick, aud thin; and, whilst in their hearts con- demning his mischievous course, are obliged to aid him. In Cork I heard of instances of gentlemen subscribing to his 4 tribute,' as he calls it, to save appearances with the mob, and who do not hesitate in private to express their conviction that the greatest drawback on the prosperity and advance of Ireland, in misdirecting the energies of her people, is the political agitation which this man fo- ments. The priesthood, many of whom are highly estimable men, in like manner generally deplore the mis- chief he causes: but, dependent upon the good-will of their parishioners, are often compelled, contrary to their better sense, to bow before the mob outcry got up by the most worthless scamps in their parishes, and to add to the seeming popularity of this schemer. The whole scheming structure is hollow. It only wants one good battering to tumble to pieces." As a specimen of the manner in which any man who dares to state the truth," is attacked in Ireland, the Com- missioner cites the subjoined letter from the Minister Chronicle- TO THE EDITOR OF THE FREEMAN'S JOURNAL. Sir,-I beg leave through you to ask that very self- sufficient personage The Times Commissioner, a single question—one frequently asked by Irish recruits in answer to impertinent jibes and insults from their English fellow solùiers-viz., I say, Jack, how old were you when your mother was married 1—I am, &c.&c., J.D.S. I beg to assure this gentleman," says the Commis- sioner, that if he will favour me with his name, I will travel to his lodging to give him a thrashing; a punish- ment which his Irish recruit' would be certain to get if he knew no better than to ask such a question, and which the son of every gentleman will be ready to favour him with if he is man enough to publish his name." It is reported that Government intend to issue a Special Commission to try the persons charged with attempting the life of Sir Francis Hopkins. ° The magistrates for the North Riding of Tipperary have issued an address to the British publIc.-They de- scribe the state of the district where persons are murdered, as Mr. Clarke was, in noon-day, and the peasantry make no effort to arrest the murderer. Do we," they ask, therefore infer that universal sympathy exists among the lower classes in this country with the perpetrators of such deeds 1 Surely not. In most cases it is the esta- blished system of intimidation to which this fearful characteristic is owing. Englishmen living in a country where such acts are held in abhorrence, land the whole community armed as one man against the murderer, can have no idea of the terrible influence which the constant dread of impending assassination exercises over the mind. The Irish peasant occupies a thatched cabin, in most cases with a frail and ill-fastened door; and, with- out the probability of escape, he and his family are ex- posed, during the long nights of winter, to the vengeance of the ruffians against whose laws he may have offended. To have appeared as a public prosecutor is almost certain death. Those who do come forward are induced by hope of reward and promises of protection. They are obliged to leave home, and country, and friends; and the penalty of their offence is often visited even upon the relatives they leave behind. Such are the fruits of a long-continued system of terror and assassination." The magistrates have sent an address, they say, to the Lord-Lieutenant, calling for government intervention but they have not received an answer. The measures which we especially recommend are as follows,—first, that a modified insur- rection-act be placed on the statute-book, to be resorted to by government only in the case of any particular barony of a county, which shall appear to the Lord- Lieutenant and Privy Council to require the same; and secondly, the creation of a. law imposing a fine on any district where a murder, or attempt to murder, shall have occurred, the proceeds to be paid over to the family of the injured party. The insurrection-act to which we refer would empower the authorities to enter all houses by night. Person absent from their homes, or strangers dis- covered in houses not their usual places of residence, would be obliged to account for themselves, and, failing to do so satisfactorily, might be brought before a military tribunal or a special commission, and subjected to a severe punishment. Such a measure would at least afford security during the night to the houses of the humbler classes who might then be induced with less reluctance to come forward as witnesses in a court of justice. The bad characters, most of whom are well known to the police, would soon be expelled from tho country; and detection would be more likely to follow the commission of the crime of murder, inasmuch as the perpetrators of such acts are usually strangers who come from a distance." The magistrates intimate that they make this appeal in the sanguine hope that we have not in vain addressed this remonstrance to the British public, and that the majority of our representatives, of all shades of political opinion, may be prepared to advo- cate in parliament the cause of true freedom, and fear- lessly stand forward in defence of the outraged rights of humanity." Costelloe, a tenant of Mr. Persse, of Moyada Castle, in Galway, and rent-warner to that gentleman, has been shot dead at his supper table. He was eating with his family, when some unknown assassin fired through the window, with so true an aim that Costelloe was a corpse in half an hour. The paan had been witness in a criminal trial, and had besides been concerned in a recent distraint j for rent,

BANKRUPTS.—{From the London Gazettes.) Fi.UAY. J. Spong, Ockham, coal-merchant J. C. Edwards, Con uit-atrcct, hftl-broker. J. IVI'Dermatt, Gr.iy's-inn-laue, victualler. Eugene Le Huy, Upper Norton-street, I'ortUnd- jilace, wine-merchant. J. Elliott, Bristol, coal-mercliaut. J. Warwick, grocer. Tl'ESD,\Y.-H: W. Sheppard, Ensham, innkeeper. C. K. Luce, Southampton, tailor. I-I, Gamble, Grimstone, Norfolk, grocer, T, Iltitnett. Cambridge, tailor. J. Poultou, jun., Luton Bed- fordshire. straw hat manufacturer. A. 8. Tucker and G M. ISidwell, Moleomc ltegis, Dorsetshire, grocers. J. D. Williams, Newcastle-street, Farringdoa-street, blacking manufacturer. T. Mortimer, East-lane, Walworth, victualler. T. Mager, 1101- born-hill, poulterer. R. G. Rpeddiag. Q fjea-street, C'loapside, zinc-manufacturer. W. Lewis, Barnsley, Yorkshire, tobacconist. I', bim'.or.l, Manchester, linen-dr ipsr. C. lies, Bristol, grocer. J. Fope. Ashley-down, lime-burner. W. Ockteston, Liverpool, hide-merchant. T. Friedlanskey, Birmingham, chandler.

£ du.ppi!tj JEittdUgntov BUTI; l,'O('Ks.- Arrived, tlir, Mary, Owen, Glo-ter, bricks, and iron .Chard, Hernbrowj Bridgwater, Otter, White, Gloster, iron ore..Within, Crockford, Bridgwater, hay.. Affo. Coler, Bristol.. William, Collins, Bristol, liibt.. Sir A. VI'Kenzie, Davics.W.ttcrford.British Q icen IhJd, Gloster. Rlixa, Chcartv, Wator:onl. ballast. Dispatch! B iker, Bns ol, light. President, Grarif, Ross, ballast.. Vlonvfham, jSmali, Bristol, liilv.. Lord Bruce, Poole, Ply- mouth. bail ,st.)inas, Mills, Bristol.. Rbon ida, Bowon, Bristol, light. Rdward, Taske: Newport, bricks. Best, AIoulc, Bristol.TatT, Mitche.l, Bristol.Swift, Ta.vton, Bris- tol Pal.nerston, Davies, Bristol, light.Flv, Ko vles, Gloster, iron ore..Chester, ('arter, Dundirk, ballast.. Ann, Birchen, Bridgwater. Panic, Lee, Bii.igwater, tight.Vf;o.iy, .*Vfc(,rath, Wate,fo.,I, I)all--t,t P, izd, Hill, I]rL,,tol, Bandon, McCarthy, Gloster, balla-t. Matilda, SanJt'or,) Bristol, light.. Kssay, Atkinson, Onega, deals..Tucker, WilN, Waterford, ballast..Trusty, Field. G,oster.Hop. Morgan', Gloster, iron ore.. Dolphin, Fry, Bristol.. Laik, Washbinrn,' Bristol, light.. Market Maid, Ward, Bornstaple, ballast.. Prince of Wales (s.), J .ncs, Bristol.. Lady Charlotte (s.) Jefferys, Bristol, general cargo. Sailed, the Taff, Mitchell, Bristol..Swift, Tawton, Bristol, coal.Quebec, C'ollinson, Leghorn, iron and coal.n ty, Nickett, Ipswich, iion.Bristol, Bryant, Plymouth.. Countess Fortescue, Chapman, St. Ives. Beaver, Ward, Kin-sale. Excp!)et)t,nan-.on,Fowey.)ohn Wesley, Da vies, Belfast.. Georgiana, Murray, Waterford.Richard and Jane, Lobb, Plymouth.. I o I us try, Murphy, K,ns,lle.():IO, \V¡,ii,I:ns. St. Ives.. Rose, Kestcll, lisss.. Samuel, ,M brrav, Cùrk, coaL. Sir W. Scott, Brewer, Cork, iron.. tfmm ■< Steel, 'l .im-v ick* coal and iron.. John and Mary, Ctiannon, Bi(lefo:i.. Oceall, Spray, Hayie..Frank. Poole, Ha\le, coal.. Mary, Bevan, Liverpool, iron.. Camilla. Main, St. I es.George Brown, Long, Kinsaie.Alpha, White, W dlerrud. \rab, Whelanj Dunganan, coal.. Superior, Cassady, D rry.. Kiizabetb, Good' Ipswich, iron.Minerva, Knight, Gloucester, coal.. Prince or Wales (s.) Jones, Bristol.. Lady Charlotte (s.) J ti'ory3, Bristol, general cargo. GLAMORGANSHIRE CANAL.—Arrived, the Amelia, Owens, Burrow.Samuel and Aun.Sa'iiark, Burow..John and Mary. Parker.Fowey..G.;m, Bush, Miuehead.. Elizabeth, Pernie, Whttehaven..Sixers, Knapp, Ballow Pill..John Pascoe, r owey Active, Cope, Buiiow Pill New-house, Wern! fowey. Wero Collier, Gouldmsr, Ballow Pill.. S.-aftower, I nomas, Bullow l iil, all with iron ore.. Brothers, Papham Bi-ixham. Rebecca, Harris, firixham liidr-pcii,jent, Pinnegar, Bristol.. Providence, Baker, Bristol. Pomona Lagg, Padstow..Olivera Segund i, Santan*, St. IJbes.. Flower ?wSrVC ^il,s- Bristol..Helen, Stephens, Frasebura.. Acorn Wiilisms, Glester. Friends, Beer, ILisiol Sarah, Lees. Stonehaven.. HHzabeh, McCarthy. Kiusale.. rhomas and hiizabeth, Bard, Penzance Cornist, Smart, Padstow.. Britannia, Sally, Bridgwdter, all witii ballast.. Four Brothers Williams, Portinadoc Nightingale, Kelly, Porthcaw). Castle, Fryer, Bristol Elizabeth and Marv, Edward. ionhcaw)..Cardiff Trader, Howies, Gloster.. Wiiliam 4th' Rer-s, London. Ann, Davie.s, Bristol Merthyr Packet,' Thomas, Bristol.Good Intention, Pearce, Porthcawl.. Ler- wick, Dyke, Wexford..Elizabeth, Wright, Bristol. Vmity learson, Bristol.. Friends, Evansj Bristol Margaret arid ivm5 Rvans,,Ponhcawl —Mary Jones, Bowen, Porthcawl.. William, Hill, Lydney.Newnham, Smith, Lydney.. Lark, Mayo, Gloster..Jane and Mary, Barrett, Gloster.. Abbess' Harris, Neath.Lady Sehna, Hughes, Bristol..Bee, Howe' Bridgwater. Union, I'revett, Newport. Hereford, Fryer' Chepstow ..Hopewell, Owen, Porthcaw).Hoyat Forester Furiiey, Bridgwater.. Miner, Jones, Bridgwater.. Venilia Andrew, Glasg )w, all with sundries. Sailed, the floytli-it, Hale, Httll ..Fortitude, Evans, Fleet- wood.. Fame. Morris, Bristol.. Acadiin, Longney, Gloster.. Rebecca, Buckingham, Sandwich.Brothers, Papham, S ino- w.eh..Honora, Baols, Baols, Hull..Come-, Head, Ltverpnol ..Prov.dence, Baker, Biistol.. Ellen, Harper, Selby.Ant, Iodd,Marypo..t..K)izabeth, Wright, Bristol.Amity, Pear- son, Bnsol. Ann, Davies, Bristo).Etizabcthan.)Ann, Bryan, Lisbon Merthyr Packet, Thomas, Bristol ..Wern, Cot her Goulding, Gloster.. Margaret & Jane, Evans, Liver-, pool..Elizabeth, Pernie, Lancaster, all with iron.. Hannal Metherall, Barrelona.. Peter and Uebecca, Scantlebury PI)- mouth.. John George, Gulliford, Bridgwater..Castle Fryer Bristol.. Exeter, Mabhs, Worcester..Gyffdan, Jones', Port- inadoc..Charles, Howe, Bridgwater.. Mary, Evans, Bristol.. Mariner, Evans, Aberdovey.. Pride, Allen, Waterford.Wm. 4th, Rees, Bridgwater.. Brigand, Parker, Dublin..James and Ann. Lallley, Bideford.. Baptiste Marie, Gloston, Nantes.. rime, Uri.co)i,Cork.Samnet and Ann, Sullack, illy,m Gem. Bushen, Porlock.. Devonshire, Whelan. Duugarvan. Caledonia, Barron, Cork.Ma.y, Stephens, Gloster Cirdilf Trader, Rowles, Cluster..Olivera Segundo, Santano, Lisbon .Royal Forester, I'urney, Bridgwater.. Britannia, Sully liridgwater.. Elizabeth, McCarthy, Kinsalc.Friends, Beet* Bristol, all with coal.Cinderella, Nurse, Bullow Pill..John and Mary, Parker, Newport.. Anna Maria, Squire, (Chepstow ..Sisters, Knapp, Bullow Pill. Newhotise, .Wern, Newport.. Active, Cope, Lyduey..Newnham, Smith, Lyduey.. William, Hill, Lydney.I'nomas, Mahouy, Mulcarty, Newport.. Lark, Mayo, Gloster..Seaflower, Thomas, Bullow Pill.Hereford' Fryer, Lydney, Vnion, Prerett, Newport, light. PORTHCAWL.- Arrived, the Athelstan, Kobson, Mirimeichi Glamorganshire Lass, Chalk, Aberthaw.. Te.essa, Lewis, Swansea..Sarah, Evens, Milford.. Clara, Lewis, Gloster. Jane, Johns, Swansea.. Q.teen Victoria. S.ilton, Bristol. Sailed, the Eiiza, Sutton, Swansea..Car.dine, Jones, Swan- sea.St. Brides, Itogers, Bristol..Gulliver, Bevan, Oxwich. Glamorganshire Lass, Chalk, Porteynon.

LONDON MARKErS. GENERAL AVERAGE PRICES of CORN per Quarter computed from the Inspectors' Retllrni. GENERAL AVERAGE. s. d. j 8. j. Wheat 58 6 Rye 34 3 Barley 32 9 Beans 41 5 Oats 24 5 1 Peas 43 9 DUTY ON FOREIGN CORN. S. d. I s. d ^hfat 40 0 j Rye 8 6 »arley 6 0 Beans I 0 ^a,s 0| Peas 1 q CORN EXCHANGE—MONDAY. WHEAT. s. s. g Essex & Kent red 58 — G'J White. Hi — fiK Old Do 62 — 65 Do 65 72 X RYE. I Old 35 — 37 j New 33 40 BARLEY. s. j s. a. Grin.ling 31 — 31 Chevalier 38 47 Malting 35 — 30 Bere 28 20 Irish 30 29 j MALT. 8. S. g. ». Suffolk and Norfolk 58 — 6} Brown 5(i 69 Kingston and Ware 61 — 0 Chevalier 64 20 Kingston and Ware 61 — 0 Chevalier 64 20 OATS. S- 8- s. A* Yorkshire and Lin- colnshire teed 30 — 29 Potato 33 32 You-ihall and Cork Cork white 27 — 28 b'ack 26 — 27 Westport 27 — 28 Dublin 26 2 i Black :26 27 Waterford white 2o — 27 Nswry 30 29 Galway 25 — 26 sc°,ch feed 20 — 21 Potato 30 — Clonmel 30 32 Limerick 27 30 Londonderry 27 — 28 Sligo 26 2f BEANS. 9- s. s. •» Tick new 44 — 4S j Old •»••small 50 — 5ft PEAS. S. S. 8. •. Grey 0 — 47 Maple 45 — 4fl v'lhite 0 — 52 j Boilers. 54 — 56 SMITHFIELD MARKETS—MONDAY. Statement and Comparison ot the Supplies and Price. of Fat Stock, exhibited ar.d Sold in Smiihiield Cattle Jlarketr on Monday, Dec. 9, 18H, and Monday, Dec. 8 I8t5. Dee.), 1814. IW 8 1816- s. <1. s. d. s. d. s. d Coarse and inferior Beasts. 2 8 to 3 2.2 10 to 3 O1 Second quality ditto 3 4 3 G.3 2 3 «• Prime .a -e Oxen 3 S 3 10.3 8 4 01 Prime Scots, &c. 4 t) 4 4.4 2 4 Coarse and inferior Sheep.. 3 2 3 4 3 4 3 I01 Second quality ditto 3 4 3 6.4 0 4 4- Prime coaise woolled ditto 3 8 4 0.4 6 4ft Prime Southdown d,tto. 4 2 4 4.1 10 5 O- l arge coarse Calves 3 6 4 0,4 0 4(t Prime smali ditto 4 2 4 10 .4 8 5 0 Large Hogs 3 4 3 10.3 10 46 Neat small Porkers 40 4, {>4 8 5 2. SATURDAY, DECEMBER 13, 1845. Published by the sole Proprietor, HENRY WEBBER, at his residence Charles-street, in the Parish of Saint. John the Baptist, in the Town of Cardiff and County of Glamorgan, and Printed by him at his General' Printing Office in Duke-street, in the saill Parish of Sunt John, in the Town and County aforesaid. A(Ivertiseniciits and Orders received by the following' Agents ° LONDON Mr. Barker, 33, Fleet-street; Messrs. Newton and Co., 5, Warwick-square; Mr. G. Reynell, 42* Chancery-lane; Mr. Deacon, 3. Walbrook, near the- Mansion-house; Mr. Joseph Thomas, 1, Finch-lane^ Cornhill; Mr. Hammond, 27, Lombard-street; Mr,, ^frker' Birchin-lane YV. Dawson ami Son.- 74, Cannon-street, City Messrs. Lewis and Lowe, 3,. Castle Court, Birchin Lane. MERTHYR Mr. H. W. White, Stationer,, BRECON .Mr. William Evans, Shlp-strest,, SWANSEA Mr. E. Griffith8, Printar; And by all Postmasters and Clerks on the Road. This paper is regularly filed in London at Lloyd! Coffee House City.-Peel's Coffee-house, Fleet-stroet, The Chapter Coffee-house St. Paul's.—Deacon' Coffee-house, Walbrook.