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THE EXECUTION OF MONTI AND…
THE EXECUTION OF MONTI AND TOGNETTI. ROME, NOV. 24. Montiand Tognetti were executed at seven a.m. to-day. Almost up to the last moment hopes were entprtained that the lives of the prisoners would be Spared, but these were dispelled at noon yesterday by the appearance of the lavoloni. These are wooden boards which are placed at the corners of the street, and inscribed with the names, ages, and descriptions Of the condemned men. the place and hour of their execution, and also an invitation to the faithful to meet in certain churches and there recite prayers for the dying. The condemned were two working masons, aged respectively 23 and 33. One of them leaves behind him a widow and five children. The scaffold was erected during last night. A largs number of people were present at the execution but were kept at some distance from the guillotine by the troops who were on guard. Thesa consisted of a batialien of Zouaves, some troops cf the line, Some dragoons, and also some mounted gensdarmes, who galloped about and kept a clear space in front of the scaffold. At five o'clock the executioner and the priests Went to the condemned men and they were conducted to the Conforteria, or the chapel, where, according to custom, they received the list consolations of religion. Exactly at seven a.m. the brethren of the Misericorde left the Church of St John the Beheaded and proceeded to the Confoiteria, which they entered. In aboE ten minutes they reappeared conducting the elder of the condemned men. The executioner marcned in front. A brother of the Misericorde held a crucifix in front of the prisoner, whos: arms were tied behind his hack, and who was supported by h:s confessor. The executioner first ascended the scaffold, and gave a glance round to see that everything was in order; he was almost immediately followed by the condemned, who appeared very weak, and kept repeatirg Miseri- corde." Almost iiiim-ed,"ately afterwards the head fell. Lifting the dissevered head by 'he hair, the executioner showed it to the troops, and th. n placed it on the scaffold besido the body, which his assistants had taken off the planks. He then wiped the knife with a sponge, and nised it to its former position, while his assistants threw sawdust upon the pools of blood which trickled through the woodwork of the scaffold. After that came the turn of the younger criminal. Again the brethren of the Misericorde entered the Conforteria. The unfortunate criminal, who was in a very excited state, begged for mercy. The confessors tried to calm him, but in vain, and at last he was led forth, a white cloth having been thrown over his head in order that he shauld not see the bod)- of his companion. His so and cries were barely audible, he could sc ircely sustain himself; and in a tremulous Yoice kept repeating Misericorde." The priest assisted him to mouit the steps of the scaffold, and gave him absoli tion while he assistants were binding him to the fatal plank. Even as the knife descende i, the cry of Misencotde rent the morning air. The executioner showed the head to the troops as he had doae the first, and then the bodies were placed on a cart and carried to the church of St John the Beheaded. The priest remained upon the scaffold, and made an addle is to the people. The executioner threw a sack of sawdust over the blood of the criminals, and then descended from the scaffold and disappeared, and immediately afterwards the troops returned to their barracks. The people remained very quietly, and after the departure of the troops collected round t ie guillotine, which was not removed until the evening, and guarded by a picket of soldiers, until at last they gradually dispersed. DOGs.-On Tuesday Sir Richard Mayne's order as to the muzzlin; of dogs in the metropolis ex- pired, and they will now enjoy the same privileges as the dogs in the city of London. SAVAGE ATTACKS BY A MAD Doo.—Early on Saturday morning, while a young man named Cuthbert Nixon, was proceeding along North-road, Preston, a black retriever dog suddenly sprang at him and bit him severely in the arm. He succeeded in knocking the dog off, and shortly afterwards gave information to a policeman, who, in company with two or three others, set off in pursuit of the animal, Before they reached it it had attacked another man, and bitten him in a similar manner to the first the fe-ocious brute was pursued into Friargate, and the poli comen ultimately came up to it; one of tLem tnade a bold attempt to capture it by tiie neck, but it turned upon him and bit his hand in a serious manner. The dog was eventually caught in the house of a man who had reared it, and taken to the police-station in a barrow, tied down, and it was shiytlv afterwards destroyed. The injured policeman will be unable.to continue his duties for some time. CURIOUS F ACT.- When herrings are in what may be called the hungry state -that is, when the milt or r)e is at its smallest-they eat everything in the shape of food they can obtain. As a proof of this, and it will interest our readers to know the fact, the herring will rise to a fly. This is a fact; we have seen them taken by means of a rod and an artificial fly. The late Mr Mitchell narrates an experiment of fly fishing for herrings, when a few hundreds were taken in that wav for the early German market, which is a very remunerative one. The herring has also been taken by means of clear hooks, without bait of any kind, and as many as 3000 fish have been brought ashore in this way, in an hour or two, by one or two boatmen who tried to anticipate the regular fishing season. It is thought by some, who have studied the natural history of the herring that these fish only come together at the spawning season, and that at all other times they live a separate and individual life, which, Iff true, is exceedingly carious. -The Gentleman's Magazine. PROPOSED GKEAT PASSENGER SHIP.-We have Seen a model of what is probably" the coming ship of this age. It is to be of the same size as the Great Eastern, except that instead of 28ft. it will draw only 18ft, and it will carry proportionally less tonnage. It is designed to carry four times as many passengers as any present style of ship, and to substitute for bunks Christian beds it will also give four times the space to a state room. The present mode of bunking passengers is unworthy of the age. Sea Sickness, if preventible by construction, should be rendered ob&olete. This desideratum is attained in Thomas Silver's coming ship it is secured by the proportions of the ship, and by there being 30ft less of the hull out of water than in the Great Eastern but the motion is rendered almost imperceptible by a new device. The state rooms, instead of being at the outside limits of the vessel, are amidships that 5s, along the centre line of the ship, where the roll is Scarcely perceptible. The saloon is to be 500ft long- and clear of obstructions. It is not for dining. Instead o" a public table, there are to be two com- peting restaurants at the extremities adjoining the Saloons. The ship will sell passage only; the board being payable as meals are ordered. It is contem- plated to carry second class passengers and third class in the same way. The present first c'ass bunks will be for third class berths*—San Francisco Times, j
WHAT IS TO COME OF IT?
WHAT IS TO COME OF IT? Looking to all these circumstances—to the positive antagonism that there is between constitutional Whiegery and Communism-to the personal dislike to Mr Bright, of which the Whig aristocracy make no secret-to Mr Lowe's impracticable arrogance, and Mr Gladstone's impetuous egotism—we confess that the formation of a Liberal Government having the latter of these statesmen at its head, seems to us all but an impossibility. In this, perhaps, we may go too far. But such an administration, supposing it to be made up out of the only members of the rival though allied sections that will ever act together, could not, we take it upon us to predict, last a twelvemonth. The Irish question alone will break it up, because it is ridiculous to suppo-e that, be the majority in the Commons what it may, the House of Lords will ever pass a bill for the disestablishment add disendowment of the Church in Ireland blindfold, and knowing nothing of what is to follow. No. The Rad;cal administration mu,t disclose its whole plan if it hope to carry its measure, and the whole Radical plan will probably, or we are much mistaken, such as neither the Lords nor the Crown could accept. Where shall we be then ? Threw.I back upon fresh combinations, and the construction of a new party out of the belter elements of all the old parties, and the ranging of the intellect and political influences of the country in o two camps -one side prepared to battle for the constitutional monarchy, the other for a course which can end only in its downfall. Who is to be put forward as the ostensible leader of this new party we do not take upon us to say. But of this we can assure the Liberals in the meanwhile— that their tenure of office, as long as it shall last, will not be to them a season of recreation that from his place in the front rank of the Opposition benches the man whom they have pursued with so much rancour will settle with them old scores; that against his keen wit and stubborn logic neither the sophisms of Mr Gladstone nor the wrath of Mr Bright v i 1 afford any protection: and that the process of dis- integration will begin among themselves on the very l1i:ht when'their Irish policy is fully disclose!. Meanwhile, for the reasons addduced in this paper, and for others which may be brought forward by and by, we return to the conclusion with the record of which we opened—there is every reason to believe that the general condition of this country—of Ireb.ni not less than of England and Scotland-will in no very essential point be different twelve months hence from what it is at the present moment. We may change our administration, but we shall not change our constitution in Church or State in the lifetime of the present generation.—Blackwood. SHOCKTNG M UllDER AT JARROW. A most wilful and deliberate murder was com- mitted at Jarrow, near South Shields, at a late hour on Saturday night. The tragic event occurred about nine o'clock, the principal actors in it being two Irish labourers, named Patrick Convery and John Dougharty, both employed at Messrs Palmer and Co's ironworks, Jarrow. The motive that appears to ha-se actuated the perpetrator of the awful deed was jealousy. It seems that about twelve months ago a man named John Dougharty, tha victim, ä:;ed 25 years, lodged with one Patrick Convery, aged 36 years, a labourer in Messrs Palmer's shipbuilding yard. From some cause or other Convery had reason to be jealous of his wife and Dougharty, and, in consequence of certain suspicions that Convery held, and which were communicated to the latter, he left the house and got fresh lodgings with a fellow-country- man, named Horney. Since then Dougharty and Convery have resided apart, and seldom spoken to each other. Among the neighbours and others, however, it was known that a bitter jealousy existed between the two. Passing along Palmer's row about nine o'clock, and when nearly opposite Hornev's house, Convery observed his wife come out. He immediately hastened up to her and inteirogated her anent her visit to Horney's house. Not receiving a satisfactory answer to his inquiries, some sharp words were exchanged. Meanwhile they reached their own house, but Mrs Convery declined to stop with her husband, and consequently left him. Somewhat incensed at this conduct, which no doubt went to confirm his morbid suspicions, Convery left the house and went back to Horney's. He there saw Dougharty, and invited him ou'side, when an alter- cation ensued between the two. From words they eventually got to blows, and a desperate scuffle ensued. Some men interfered', and the two com- batants were separated. Convery, it appears, then returned to his own house, and was afterwards seen to take a pistol out of a box underneath a bed, and was then observed to go back to Doaghatty's lodgings and call him out. The two went into the back street, where some more angry words ensued, in the midst of which, Convery pulled a pistol out of his pocket, deliberately discharged a bullet in the direction of Dougharty, who was standing some four or five yards from him. Directly the pistol was fired, Dougharty was heard to exclaim That man has shot me through the breast." A man, named Hacket, standing a short distance off, on hearing the report of the pistol and the exclamation of the wounded man, ran towards the spot. Dougharty, who was attempting to follow^ his assassin, then called upon Hacket to stop him, I but after running a few yards the unfortunate man Dougharty fell down, and Hacket, who was also a little distance off, stopped, and thus Convery escaped. Oon going up to Dougharty he was found bleeding profusely and nearly dead. Superintendent Salter" and Sergeant Averill, who were at the west end of Ormonde-street, were informed of the tragic occur- rence and immediately proceeded to the spot. By this time Dougharty was dead. Convery was taken into custody by Sergeant Averill and other constables and locked up. The pistol, together, with some powder and caps, were all found near to the spot where Convery was apprehended. On the news spreading in Janow that a murder had been com- mitted, a most profound sensation was created in the town. This is the third murder that has occurred in Jarrow sincel859. In that year a shocking murder was committed by John Shaftoe Wilthew, who killed his wife by deliberately cutting her throat. Wilthew was found guilty of murder and executed at Durham. Singular to say, Convery's wife was niece to Wilthew. Anothermurder was committed on the 26th of October. 1863, by John Connolly, who stabbed Neal Fagan, Connolly escaped the full penalty of the law, and was sentenced to penal servitude. In South Australia about a dozen rabbits were let loose a few years ago in Barwon Park, belong- ing to a. gentleman named Austin, and recently, in one year, 15,000 rabbits were killed on the estate. AN ELECTION REMINISCENCE—The Missus (affably): .1 My 'usband's out just now, sir; can I give him any message ?" Liberal candidate: Ah-I have called with the hope that—ah—he'd promise me his vote at the approach The Missus: HOh, yes, sir. You're Captain Blythe, the yaller, I 'spose, sir ? Yes, I'm sure he'll be most 'appy, sir!" The Captain (delighted): Ya-as--t shall be much obliged to him -and -ah-hemay depend upon my-" The Missus Yes I'm sore he'd promise you if he was at home, sir; 'cause when the two 'blue' gents called and asked him the of her day, sir, he promised 'em d'ree'lYI sir! 1"-Puncle. i
THE RESIGNATION OF THE CONSERVATIVE…
THE RESIGNATION OF THE CONSERVA- TIVE GOVERNMENT. We (The Times) are requested by Mr Disraeli to publish the following Circular: •• If Parliament were sitting 1 should not have adopted this course; but as the public acts of a Ministry should not be misunderstood, and as there are no other means of explaining their motives, I have taken the liberty of thus addres- sing the Conservative members in both Houses of Parliament. When Her Majesty's Government, in the spring ot this year, viere placed iL, a minority in the House or Commoas on the question of dis- establishing the Church in Ireland, they had to consider that the policy proposed had never been submitted to the country, and they believed that tue country would not sancuon n. They inereiore telt it their duiy to advise Her Majesty's to dissolve Parliament; lmt tJ make an appeal to the oObeL e Constituency would have ueen all absurdity, and the candid opinion of the country coincided with that of Parliament, that no course would be satisfactory unless the voices oi the enlarged electoral body were ascertained. All means were, therefore, taken by the Ministry to expedite lh II appeal, and a special siaiULe was passud tor ihit purpose. /Vlthougn tne General Election has elicited, in the decision of LU nerous and ^AST constituencies, an expression of feeling which, in a remarkable degree, has justified their anticipations, and ti hich, in dcaing w.th the question in controversy, no wise statesman would disiegaid, it is now clear that the present Administration cannot expect to command the confidence oi ihenewly-eleciea House of Commons. Under the circumstances, Her Majesty's Minis- ters ha e felt it due to th ir OvVti honour, and to the ) ol cy th y support, not to retain odice Uu- necessarily fjr a single day. They hold it to be more lonsiscut with the attitude they have as- sumed, aud with the convenience of pub i: business a.t this s ason, as wallas more conducive lo the just influence of tne Conservative party, at once to terder the resignation of their offices to Her Majesty, rather than to wait for the assembling 01 a Parliament in which, in the present aspect pi affairs, they are sensible that they must be in a minority. "In thus acting, Her Majesty's Government have seen no cause to modify those opinions upon which they deemed it their duty to found their counsel to their Sovereign on the question of the Disestablishment and Disendow mcnt ol the Church. They remain convinced that the proposition of Mr Gladstone is wrong in principle, prohabiv imprac- ticabie in conduct, and, it practicable, would be disastrous in its effects. Wh le ready at all times to gjve a fair consi- deration and willing aid to any plan for the im- provement of the Church in Ireland, to the policy which they opposed last Session, rife, as they believe it tQ be, with many calamities to societv and the State, the) will continue in whateveV position they occupy, to oiler an uncompromising resistance. 0 "B. DISRAELI. "Downing Street, December 2, 1868." — A FRIENDLY CAUTION.—The banquets to Reverdy Johnson in England have lately been far too nu- merous to chronicle. We fear the effects of these constantly recurring banquets upon Mr Johnson's health. The English are tremendous eaters and enormous drinkers at their "banquets." The solid, sanguinary meats and strong, heavy liquors are such as no American constilution can long stand and, though we have 110 doubt Mr Johnson is willing to suffer and undergo a deal for his coun- iry yet there are limits beyond which patriotic endurance should not be tested. — New York Times. EXTRAORDINARY DEATH THROUGH DRINKING VI- TRIOL.—An inquest was held at Tunbridge IVells on Saturday, on the body of a woman named Martha Burgess, aged forty-five, a native of Hors- monden, who was cook in the service of Miss Wilds, of 3, Montague Terrace, Mount Ephraim, who met with her death through drinking a quantity of 11 znl diluted vitriol the previous Thursday. Joseph Barker, footman to Miss Wilds, said that the de- ceased was a single woman, and bad been for some time in the service of Miss Wilds, but that she was under notice to leave, which expired on Christmas Day next. On Thursday last he noticed the de- ceased, who was latterly- addicted to drinking, dish the -dinner -up in a very unsteady manner, and aiter he took the dinner in, at about half past two in the afternoon, having gone down in the kitchen for an article he had forgotten, he heard strange moaning sounds, something like the howling of a dog, in the knife-house, the door of which was fastened inside. An entrance was effected, and the deceased was found lying on her side. The foot- man observed the bottle of vitriol and water which was kept there, and used for cleaning the coppers and brasses, and on a shelf just above he noticed a gin bottle, which was partly filled with gin. De- ceased knew that the vitriol was very much diluted. It was in a salad oil bottle, and the gin was in an ordinary bottle. The only words the woman uttered were i, Let me die." She was in great agony, and screamed violently. Mr M. Manser, house sur- geon at the Infirmary, to which institution she I was taken, said the deceased refused to take any antidote, and died at about six o'clock. He had made a post mortem examination, and fouud she had taken a very powerful corrosive poison. The jury returned a verdict of Accidental Death, the foreman remarking that she might easily have taken up the vitriol bottle in mistake, as he believed wine merchants very frequently mixed vitriol with gin. REMARKABLE SUICIDE BY AN ARCHDEACON'S SON. -An inquest has been held at Erith, on the body of Aubrey Charles Smith, aged 18, the only son of the Ven. Archdeacon Smith, the respected vicar of Erith. It appeared that deceased was rather an excitable young man, and that on the 23rd ult, the day of the West Kent election, he took particular interest in the contest, and frequently called at the station during the morning to inquire how it proceeded. Soon afterwards he returned home, and was asked by his mother a few questions respecting a meerschaum cigar holder which he exhibited, and which he said had been given him as a present by his aunt. This statement appears to have been doubted, as that lady had visited the house just before and admired it during his absence. Deceased became excited and offered to fetch a letter from his bedroom to prove his assertion. Soon after he left the report of a pis.tol was heard, and on being searched for he was found lying on his bed weltering in his blood, which oozed from a fearful wound in his head. A pistol was found lying by his side. Dr. Churton, of Pier-road, Erith, was immediately called in and pronounced the wound fatal. The deceased died about an hour afterwards. A written paper was found on his person expressing a hope that he would be forgiven. It appears that he was much given to smoking, and his father had often asked him to give up the habit. No particular motive could be assigned for the suicide, and the jury returned a verdict that deceased com- mitted suicide while in a fit of temporary insanity, j
MRW.E. GLADSTONE'S AUTOBIOGRAPHY.
MRW.E. GLADSTONE'S AUTOBIOGRAPHY. (From the Pall Mall Gazette.) Mr Gladstone has done many characteristic things in the course of his life, but we doubt whe- ther he has ever done anything more characteristic than the publication of a "chapter of autobio- graphy in the very beat of a contested election, and by way of a contribution to its literature. Though characteristically lengthy, not to say long winded, the substance of the pamphlet is short enough, and is this.- "It is desirable that public men should be as consistent as possible. It is, however, impossible that any man in these days should regain precisely the same opinions at every stage of his life; but his changes ought to be honest aud wise. In 1838 I wrote a book about Church and State, which maintained emphatically that the Irish Church ought to be kept up, and as I now propose that the Irish Church Establishment should be pulled down, I wish to explain the extent and character of the change which has come over my views. I thought in 1838 that it wis the duty of the State, which in my opinion had a conscience, to propa- gate religious truth. I also thought that the creed, of the Irish Church was religious truth, for which reason, it ought to be upheld by the nation at large for the benefit of. the Irish people. As time went on I perceived that public men did not share and would not act on my views as to the duty of the State to propagate religious truth. On the con- trary, they endowed Maynooth in 1845. This st p was indefensible it my theory was right, and though I was beginning to think that my theory was wrong and my party right, yet I gave up office rather than make a change in my own favour. I acted like a woman who, because the man to whom she is engaged is unfortunate, refuses to break off an engagement of which she repents apart from his misfortunes. I became convinced by the course of events, and especially by the Maynooth grant, h it my theory had been wrong, and felt that the abolition of the Irish Church was a question of time. However, I did oot feel called upou to make an attack upon it. I thought it might as well have a chance, or a day ot grace; but I was so much impressed with my new views that when I contested Oxford in 1847, I would not pledge myself to stand by the Church. Moreover, it, 1851, in the debate on the Ecclesiastical Titles Bill, I used language which showed that I bad in my mind the principles which have now led to my disestab- lishment resolutions. In 1865 1 made a speech which was regarded by Mr Wh) beside as intended to, be fatal to the Church when an opportunity should a<-ise, but my views upon the subject were not then matured. I thought the Irish Bisuops would have to be kept i;) the House of Lords, and I also thought that the question might not arise in my time, as it seemed a long way off. I now think that the time has come for dealing with the subject foe reasons often assigned in public." This is the gist of the pamphlet down to the top of page 46 We have no doubt that it is all true enough, though the story is one which those who are capable of understanding Mr Gladstone hardly want to hear told, especially at such astonishing length, whilst it is, on the other hand, quite certain thatit will not convince political opponents who are determined beforehand not to be convinced. It is much more like the sort of matter which one would expect to find in one of Miss Yonge's novel put into the mouth of an invalid relating the bis- lorv of his inner life than the utterances of an English statesman about to take the leading part in a great political struggle. In a word. it is soft stuff. The other eighteen pages are more interesting. Thev contain Mr Gladstone's view of the general march of affairs upon these matters since 1838. You may think, says Mr Gladstone, that my notion that the business of the State was to propagate religious truth was a gross error, but look back to the state of-things in 1838. Jews were excluded from Parliament. Roman Catholics and Dissenters had to take oaths and declarations which marked their past inferiority. The Church all but mono- polised the direction of what little aid the State gave to public education, and then the Church of England itself was in such an interesting situation. It was in a gush of convalescence and revival. The deep religious lethargy of the 18th century was broken up. The Church had been roused by the repeal of the Test Act, Catholic Emancipation, the Reform Bill, and the Church Temporalities Act. It was, moreover, being internally reformed. Wor- ship was being made more splendid, the clergy werebecoiliing enthusiastic and devoted. Doctor Pusey, Br Newman, and Mr Kebte were in tba heightoftheiridluence at Oxford. HMuch beyond one half of the very flower of its youth chose the profession of holy orders, while an impression hardly less deep seemed to be stamped upon a large portion of its lay members." Purity, unity, and energy seemed as three fur sisters, hand in hand, to advance together. Such a state of things was eminently suited to act on impressible and san- guine minds. I, for one, formed a completely false estimate of what was going to happen, and believed that the Church of England was going to convert the nation." How, asks Mr Gladstone, could he be expected to see that Dr Newman and others would become Roman Catholics, and that "a not less convulsive rationalistic movement" would arise in the opposite direction ? Besides being mistaken in his enthusiastic estimate of the High Church movement, he underrated the energy of the Dissenters. In short, "the entire miscalculation which I have now endeavoured to describe of the religious prospects of the country was combined Z, with a view of the relative position of governors and governed since greatly modified, and the two r, z;1 lay at the root of my error." This certainly is an abundant explanation of the fact that Mr Gladstone has had to change his views. When a man tells you that he set out in life with fundamental errors upon the most important parts- of the subject to which his life was to be devoted, you certainly want no other explanation of a good deal of vacillation in his subsequent career. The pamphlet concludes with several pages about Mr Gladstone's present views upon Church Estab- lishments. They appear to come to little more than this, that under some circumstances they are good things and under others bad things, and that it is impossible to lay down any general principle from which you may ascertain deductively how States and Churches ought to be related to each other. Lord Macaulay's theory that government is police Is not, Mr Gladstone thinks, any true* than other theories, and as a matter of fact the connection between religion and polItlCS has been very useful in many ways. This is subtance, as it seems to us, of six or seven p" pages, which contain a good many fi°e about the State and Christianity. The pamphlet, on the whole, appe5ars i melancholy exhibition of intellectual weaKnw and rashness, and an injudicious proceedin0 i political point of view. ——— r Printed and Published by the' Proprietors, LLEWELLIN and THOMAS WHICHER DAVIES, Office in High-street, in the Parish of Saint Marj in the County of the Town of Haverfordwest. Wednesday, December 9, 1868,