The Cambrian

"^OTW^K^R 12. Tl^HEIcotttenta of the foreign papers from different parts of Burope import, that in France, the Netherlands, Poland, Switzerland, and Greece, a crisis seems impending, which, with respect to all, is still delayed, but upon which the ultimate fate of each appears mainly to depend. In France, it is the im- portant question of the hereditary Peerage, the dis- cussion upon which has not yet commenced,-in the Netherlands it is the acceptance of the last treaty f dictated by the Great Powers, by the King of Holland, upon which hangs the question of peace or war in Europe, but upon which nothing certain is yet known, —in. Switzerland it is the national independence of ^several of the cantons, or their continued submission to Prussia, upon which, though much may be almost assumed, nothing is yet officially known, and in Greece, just relieved, though by a crime, from the iron yoke of it deceitful tyrant, its fate and future Go- vernment is still Wrapped in that cloud of uncertainty which seems to be the besetting curse of that fairest portion of Europe. All these considerations give to the momentary aspect of the Continent, an air which is unsatisfactory, because it is so inconclusive. Por- tugal, also, must certainly be included in the category of the unsettled States. There is, of course, no allu- sion in the Lisbon, Gazette to any expected invasion, though, there exists but little doubt of Don Pedro at- tempting something in favour of his daughter. Dot* Miguel se%ns to have abated someting of his accus- tomed crAlties, and to have been, by the last account, expeudidf upon Court frivolities that attention which might hale been much more injuriously occupied. The Pop# having acknowledged his title, he has no pains to do honour to the messenger of his Holi- ness's condescension. The early French Journals of, the week stated that fresh objections had been raised by the King of Hol- land to his signifBg tfhe Treaty of Peace with Belgium. He was reported to have said to England-" In 1814 you pretended that my Continental States were too confined, and not proportionate to my Colonies. I paid for Belgium before I took possession of it; is it not just that the price should be restored to me ?"— The Messager des Chambres of Thursday denies the authenticity of thjs document, and assures its readers, that the French Government had received no notice of s,uch declaration; that, in f<|ct, bis, Majesty had his, sentiments to the Gre^t Powers oae way of the other; and, from the circumstances of the Minister of the King of Prussia at the Hague having received instructions to urge him to an imme- diate ratification of the Treaty, it concludes that his ultimate adhesion could not be matter of doubt. M. Paatrnir Perier introduced a Bill to the Chamber of Deputies for giving more prompt and effective im- pulse to the services of the movable portion of the National Guard of France. Hitherto this body, which existed only in name, could not be called into real service but after a notice of three months. It is now proposed to place it in such a condition that upon a notice of 30 or aa days it may at any time be made available for the defence of the country. The number to which the proposed new arrangements are to extend is 300,000. The Bill was adopted by a majority of 250 to 49. This measure of the Prime Minister is variously looked at by the several parties in the capi- tal one treats it as an indication of fear of a probable aad approaching state of hostility with Europe; whilst ethers affirm that it is evidence of the more solid es- tablishment of peace, as it is an inception on the part of France of that general disarming of which Austria, Prussia, and, more lately, Russia, have set the ex- amples. The speech of the Minister himself was rather frfi-assuring as to the continuance of European tran- quility. On Sunday night a bold robbery was perpetrated in the Royal Library, by which an irreparable loss is threatened. The principle articles stolen are three Thousand ancient gold medals, including a series of the itpman Emperors fromPompey to Constantine, in a gold vase worth about ten thousand francs the intrinsic value of the coins does not exceed one hundred thou- sand francs, but they are of inestimable value on account of their rarity. An official communication announces that the autho- rities at Boulogne have at length adopted decided re- solutions respecting the cholera, and resolved that "the ships and packet-boats coming from England shall not be received in the port of Boulogne, unless they are furnished with a bill of health, signed at every voyage, and showing the sanatory state of the place from which they take their departure, as well as that of the crews and passengers." This measure, adds the document in question, is applicable to all arri- vals from England, from London to Liverpool, includ- ing those two towns, as well as to Ireland but vessels fyoro the left bank of the Thames exclusively, to Edinburgh and all Scotland, will not be admitted, and will be sent to a lazaretto." = Since the fall of Zamosc, the last hold of the Poles, atid the disappearance of any declared enemy from the acid, Hie Russian Autocrat has thrown off the mask of pretended clemency, and the conquerer, who it was hoped would hav.eslMwn a generous magnanimity, now seems actuated only by the impulses of a vindictive j fiwy. Prince Radzivil, and jsev-eral others of the most distti^guished patriots, who had returned to Warsaw upon the foith of a promised amnesty, have been en- trapped into the power of the Emperor, and sent off I uplnlthe route to Siberia. This cruelty (so says the Constitntivnnd) has given great offence to the King of Prussia, who forthwith sent a categorical letter to the Emperor, in which he declared that he would not send back a single Polish refugee from the Prussian terri- tory, and insisted,strongly upon the Emperor's changing his severe discipline in this particular. The same paper -adds, that no less than fifty thousand Poles have, j it seems, scorned to appeal to the clemency of the Im- perial Despot. They have adopted an address to their countrymen, by which they banish themselves from their native-soil as long as it shall be ruled by a tyrant. In the generous indignation of that manly virtue whioh misfortune may overpower, but cannot subdue, they say, "Poles-let us leave that wretched country, now IH> more our own, though soaked with the best blood of lun" defenders ;let us leave JEurope a heartless spec- tator of our struggles and of our despair. America is tie L tlie only country worthy of affording any asylum to men who have sacrificed everything for freedom. There Poland will be enshrined in our hearts, and Heaven will, perhaps, bless our devotion." This is the longuage of men who have suffered in a righteous cause, and whose patriotism burns the more brightly through the gloom of adversity. "The cholera is subsiding in St Petersburgh, Berlin, and Vienna. According to advices from St. Thomas, to the end of September, a very serious revolt had broken outajnong thenegroes at Tortola, who had demanded their li- berty, and refused to work on the estates. Had their plans not been providentially prevented there would :at this moment, have been a single white individual alive in the colony. Fortunately all the gaiigs did not assemble in the town simultaneously. The few that came were intimidated, and their intentions, which }vere to fire the place, and murder every white person in it, were thus discovered. The inhabitants were obliged to send to the authorities at St. Thomas for protection, and a Danish brig was immediately sent. was understood a great many of the negroes had been ^ade prisoners. j There are advices from Chili, which state the re- opening of the communication with Buenos Ayres, so long interrupted by the Argentine Republic, had created great joy among the merchants. The National j Congress had been installed at Santiago de Chili with the usual ceremonies. The message of the Govern- ment thereto says, that unanimity among all classes of citizens has-succeeded the horrors of civil war that the Legislature had found it necessary to invest the Government with extraordinary powers, which it had used with modern and extreme repugnance a few per- sons had been expelled temporary from the territory of Chili; and the Government was anxious to be relieved as soon as possible of that delicate responsibility that Chili was not only at peace within itself but with all nations. France has acknowledged its independence, and a Minister has been sent thither, to convey to the new Monarch the felicitations of the Government and people of Chili. Hopes are expressed that tjje dis- tinguished individuals at the head of affairs in Great Britain, will likewise recognise the independence of Chili f and th-at it was not improbable that even Spain would soon accede to such a measure. His Majesty, it is expected, will come to town the latter end of next week, for the purpose of holding a Council to summon Parliament to meet for despatch of business. The 9th of December it is rumoured is the day appointed. Earl Grey's state of health, we regret to hear, con- tinues but indifferent. His Lordship was not well enough to come to town to the City dinner on Wed- nesday nor to attend the Cabinet Council held the preceding day. Lord John Russell, and others of the Ministers, went down .on Tuesday to East Sheen, to visit his Lordship. It is understood that after a long conference at the Foreign-office yesterday, an ultimatum was directed to be transmitted to Holland forthwith. The cause for the detention, by the order of Govern- ment, of the vessels fitting out as an expedition against Don Miguel, is assumed to be that the men enlisted for the service arc among pensioned soldiers of the British army, and consequently the employment of such a force might be considered as violating that prin- ciple of non-intervention professed by Ministers. His Excellency Sir Robert Gordon arrived on Tuesday morning at the residence of his brother, the Earl of Aberdeen, Argyle House, on his return from Constantinople. We regret to learn that the previous accounts of the destruction of important official docu- ments and property at the British Embassy, by the recent dreadful conflagration in the Turkish capital, are fully confirmed. Sir Robert is also a severe suf- ferer himself by the loss of valuable manuscripts and other oriental curiosities which he had collected, and which were ready to be embarked at the time of the fire breaking out. It is said that the Barristers and Students of more than one of the Inns of Court are about to call upon the Benchers for an account of the application of the large revenues over which they have hitherto had a silent and irresponsible controul. The appointment to the new Bankruptcy Court are stated to be as followsJudges, Mr. Baron Bayley, Sergeants Cross and Pell, and Mr. Erskine. Commis- sioners, Messrs. Fonblanque, Evans, Holroyd, Mere- vale, Gf. j". Williams, and Fane. Registers, Sergeant Lawes and Mr, Richardson, The Court is to sit in the city. The Court of King's Bench has, on the application of the Sheriff of Bristol, extended the term for the re- turn of a writ against a debtor who was released during the late riots in that city, and whom he expects shortly to re-capture. In reply to a question from Lord Ten- terden, Sir James Scarlett said, that after the riots of London in 1780, an act was passed to exonerate the Sheriffs from the responsibility thrown upon them by the escape of prisoners. The Commissioners for building additional Churches and Chapels have made their twelfth report, by which it appears that since the opening of the Commission, on the whole, one hundred and sixty-eight churches and chapels have now been completed, and therein a total provision made for 231,367 persons, including 128,082 free sittings that twenty-seven churches and chapels are in the course of erection, and that plans have been approved for the building of sixteen others. The Ex- chequer bills which have been issued for this purpose amount to 1,367,4ool. The National Political Union held its first general meeting last night, Sir Francis Burdett in the chair. The Hon. Baronet having succeeded, it seems, in ob- taining the exclusion of some of the violent demago- gues from the Council, is to be the President of the Union. This maybe so far a security against its being perverted to the purposes of a republican faction. We hope, says the Courier, that Sir Francis may be able to infuse moderate and true constitutional principles into the minds of such members as are supposed to entertain opinions different from those which influenced the founders of the association, and those by whom it has been brought to its present form. Mr. Thclwall last night moved that the Council of the Union should confine its exertions entirely to Parliamentary Reform, with the intention of having it understood that the Union should cease with the necessity which had given it birth. This National Political Union now differs little from other Unions whose avowed object is to watch over all parliaments, reformed or unreformed." The grand dinner of the Lord Mayor of London, on his re-appointment, took place on Wednesday. The Lord Chancellor, and mostof his ministerial colleagues, with the exception of Earl Grey, who is indisposed, were present, as also were the Foreign Ambassadors, the Judges, and other distinguished persons, altogether, including ladies, amounting to one thousand three hundred. A sumptuous dinner was given on Wednesday to his Grace the Duke of Wellington, a,t the Ship Hotel, Dover, at which there were present the Marquess of Do tiro, Sir J. W. H.^Brydges, Sir Henry Gxenden, the Mayor and Magistrates of Dover, Col. Arnold (commanding the Engineers,) and Mr. Jenkihson. The banquet took place on the occasion of the Duke's pe- riodical visit to the town as Lord Warden, and did not therefore, partake of any political character. His Grace, when he succeeded to the Lord Wardenship in 1828, was understood to refuse the salary of the office (6001. per annum,) which, with the exception of the Duke, has always been filled by the first Lord of the Treasury" It was held by Mr. Pitt from 1792 to 1806, and by the late Earl of Liverpool from the latter year until his demise. The possession of the noble seat of Walmer Castle, is the chief advantage derived from the situation. The Deputy Wardenship is held by R. H. Jenkinson, Esq., a connexion of the late Lord Warden. A subscription is open for the sufferers by the hur- ricane in the West Indies. We have given liberally from our abundant stores to the French wounded in the cause of liberty-to the Poles, and Spaniards, and Italians, struggling for national existence—and to the Irish, starving from the mismanagement of their land- lords we trust, therefore, it will not be made a sub- ject of reproach to us, that we have turned away with- out compassion from the misseries with which Provi- dence has been pleased to afflict the unfortunate colo- nists, or that because our laws have made them the proprietors of slaves, both the master and the servant are to be left to perish for want of that assistance we have the power to bestow. Humanity will be but a name, if their claims are disregarded.—Observer. It has been proved at Manchester, that it is much more easy and expeditious to extinguish fire by steam than by water. The sugar-houses and other manufac- tories employing steam-engines should, of course, be careful to keep a large supply of boiling water ready to generate steam, in case of necessity, for themselves or neighbours. In consequence of ships from Sunderland being or- dered to perform quarantine, the merchants have con- siderably advanced the price of coals, and it is probable that this necessary article of life will continue to in- crease in price, unless some means are contrived for procuring them from Staffordshire and other midland counties. We understand that several large houses are already making arrangements to bring up coals by canal; but the public will hardly believe that at this moment a law is in existence, by which persons are prohibited from bmiging to London, by internal con- veyance, more tons of coal in a year. The alleged reaSBBtor this law is the pretence, that the Newcastle coasting trade is an, excellent nursery for seamen; but the real one, we have no doubt, is the giving to a few wealthy Lords and Commoners, a mo- nopoly of the coal trade in London. But, be this as it may, under existing circumstances the law ought to be repealed, and we should imagine must be repealed, and that too immediately.—Morning Herald.

THE CHOLERA. Since our last, the accounts from Sunderland, with respect to this malignant prstilence, have assumed a more positive and decided character. From the first appearance of the disease to the 10th inst. 22 cases are reported, and 18 deaths. The victims are generally of the lower class, men of intemperate habits, or exposed to much wet and cold, or delicate persons. Few of those attacked survived more than 24 hours, some died in six hours. The official report received by Government on Saturday, from Sunderland, stated that only one slight case had occurred on the 10th. A corre- spondent of the Times states, that during the prevalence of the cholera in the Polish army, many of the soldiers entirely escaped the disease, by wearing a thick wrapper of flannel around the stomach and bowels. It was considered an effectual preventive, not an individual having been attacked who adopted that precaution. The London Board of Health in their regulations, for the purpose of restraining the pro- gress of the disorder, strongly recommend that all houses be kept as clean and free from dust, dirt, and all refuse matter, as much as possible; all drains, cesspools, &c. to be purified, by solutions of chloride of lime. To keep up a free ventilation of air in the rooms, as well by fires as by a free access of fresh air. To guard against sudden changes of temperature, by wearing flannel next the skin. To avoid excessive fatigue, profuse perspiration, exposure to wet and cold, and damp clothing. To live moderately well, and use plain meats and well boiled vegetables, rejecting all indiges- tible foods, broths, soups, &c. and such articles as create acidity and flatulence; and avoiding sour drinks and undi- luted ardent spirits. Cholera Committees are being formed in all parts of the country. The last accounts from Sunderland are highly favourable -no new case was reported to the Board on Thursday morn- ing, and on Saturday it was announced officially, that Col. Creagh, in his despatches of the 10th of November, states, that he has the pleasure of reporting, for the information of the Privy Council, that only one slight case had occurred in the town since his previous communication of the 9th. Other letters have also been received from medical men now in Sunderland, some of which still deny that the disease is the Asiatic Cholera, but a periodical return of malady, which for years has prevailed in Sunderland, of an aggravated nature, generated by effluvia arising from the mines. Dr. Daun also—who was at first of opinion that the disease was not the Asiatic spasmodic cholera, and subsequently was led into the conviction that it was that disorder-in his last report to Government asserts a returning belief that it is either not the spasmodic Asiatic cholera, or that, if it is, the disorder has become so mitigated by the climate, or by other causes, as to make it demand in this country fewer victims than it had exacted in any on the Continent which it has yet afflicted. Two deaths occurred on the 11th, but neither of them are classed in the Official Report" under the head of Asiatic or India Cholera. It appears also by the report of the Visitors that the place is more healthy than it has been at this season for many yea's. The public mind is naturally much excited; and if any one djes, and the slightest symptom of cholera has made its appearance in the course of his illness, why the inference is immediately made that the death has proceeded from cholera, although, as every one knows, several of the symptoms of cholera are present in many diseases, and that were these individual symptoms to be taken as proofs of the disease, the cholera must have been in full vigour, not for months or years, but for centuries past. The Medical Gazette recounts a sufficiently amusing anecdote on this subject, and we copy it for the benefit of the timorous and cholera-phobious. A person," says it, walking in Regent-street, had an epileptic attack on Wednesday; he was taken into a shop close by, at the instance of the Solicitor-General, who was passing at the moment, and Mr. Arnott, of New Burlington- street, was sent for, by whom the nature of the attack was at once pointed out. Nevertheless, the circumstance got wind, and was magnified into a case of cholera; the Govern- ment was informed of it, the Board of Health consulted and the practitioner above mentioned examined, all within an incredibly short period. This shews, at least, how much .1 all are now on the qui vive on the subject." The zeal of the different functionaries, as manifested at this crisis, more particularly by the City Board of Health is highly creditable to the spirit and intelligence of the country. It is the offspring, not of fear, but of presence of mind, and its effects will no doubt be felt, not only in the confidence it is calculated to diffuse.throughout all classes of the people but in the mitigation, and, we trust, speedy expulsion of the disease itse f. The information given on Thursday by the Chairman of the London Board relative to the powerless effect of the cholera in places where a free circulation of air was known to exist, has been received in the City with indescribable pleasure, and the confidence entertained by many that the disease, if it reach London at a!t, will appear in a very mo- dified shape, will be the greater when they are assured that large streams of water will be flowing the streets for several hours during the night. It is highly satisfactory to know that a most beneficial change has taken place within the last day or two in the re- moval of nuisances and the attention to cleanliness in the Metropolis. Even the habitations of misery, hitherto se- cured by their own wretchedness from inspection, have been visited and improved. Several wretched beings who were huddled together by want in the neighbourhood of Rose- mary-lane, have been summoned before the Magistrates of the Thames Police Office, and compelled to adopt measures for the security of their own and the general health. The same course has been taken in other neighbourhoods, where it was necessary to use compulsion; so that everywhere, amongst the ignorant as well as the enlightened—amongst the poor as well as amongst the rich-a system of preven- tion is in progress, from which the best effects may be rea- sonably anticipated Amongst other judicious arrange- ments we would notice the one adopted by the Board of Health acting in the parish of St. James. They have ap- pointed four inspectors, with regular salaries, whose office is to superintend the cleansing of the streets; they have de- cided that the principal thoroughfares shall be swept three times a week, and those places where accumulations are less likely to occur as often as there may be occasion. Upon the whole there is every reason to be satisfied with the pre- cautions adopted. We can but repeat, that cleanliness, sobriety, temperance, and manly courage, are the best and surest preventives of contagion; and as the people of this country are naturally a clean people, there is no occasion for extraordinary dread— and dread, we should strongly enforce, instead of keeping disease away, is one of the most eertnin means of giving rise to it. The public ought always to remember that there are many persons greatly interested in the prevalence and pro- pagation of alarm, of whom the apothecary and the coal- owners are not the least. If, however, the malady should unhappily turn out to be the real Indian cholera, let it be manfully faced as becomes Englishmen, and with that confi- dence in Providence which is capable of maintaininggreater trials, and we have no doubt that though it may carry away a part of the population., it will pass comparatively harmless over the land.