The Cambrian

CHESS COLUMN- I EDITBD BY SELAH.J in state array the foemen wend their way, To battle on Caissa's field." All communications for this department should be addressed to the Chess Editor. CHESS RSSORT. SWANSEA COUNTY CHESS CLUB.-Tenby Hotel, Walter-road entrance. Meets on Friday, from 7.30 to 11 p.m. Visitors are welcomed. SOLUTION TO PROBLEM, BY C. A. L. BULL. Key move—P—K B 5 P—K 7 2QxP Px Q 3 B-Kt 2, mate, &c. PROBLEM-By E. PEADIGNAT. TlT.Arir—(5 ninRAsL WHITE-(8 pieces). White to play, and mate in 3 moves. Solutions are requested, and the Editor will be please,i to receive problems or interesting positions for insertion, and any other matter conuected with our Royal game will be appreciated. Secretaries of clubs please note. Game played between the Oxford and Cam- bridge Universities WHITE BLACK (Oxford.) (Cambridge.) 1 P-Q 4 P-Q 4 2 P-Q B 4 P x P 3 Kt-K B 3 P-K 3 4 P-K 3 Kt-K B 3 5 B x P B- K 2 6 Castles Castles 7 Kt-B 3 P-Q Kt 3 8 Kt-Q 2 B-Kt 2 9 Kt-Kt 3 Q Kt-Q2 ro P-B3 P-B4 11 P-K 4 P x P 12 Q x P P-K 4 13 Q-Q 1 Q- B 2 14 Q-K 2 Q R-B 1 15 Kt-Q 5 Kt x Kt 16 B x Kt B x B 17 P x B Kt-B 3 18 R-Q 1 KE-Q1 19 P-B 4 PxP 20 B x P QxB 21 QxB R-Kl Position after Black's 21st move. BLACK (10 pieces). WHIT*—(10 pieces). 22 Q x P Kt-Kt 5 23 Q x P QxPch 24 K-B 1 Kt-K 6 ch 25 Q x Kt R x Q 26 Q R-B 1 Q R-K 1 27 Kt-Q 4 R-Kt 6 28 R-B 2 Q-R 8 ch 29 K-B 2 Q x P mate. SWANSEA COUNTY CHESS CLUB.-The Secre- tary would again remind the members that the club remaius open throughout the month of May.

Brown You don't look well lately, Robinson." Robinson No I can't sleep at night on account of lung trouble." Brown Nonsense your lungs are all tight." Robinson "Yes, mine are the trouble is with the baby's." What's in a name ?" Ah, well, you don't know everything, that's certain. Salt can be bought for a few coppers a block, but call it chloride of sodium, and the chemists will mulct you to the tune of half-a-crown for one poor scruple. Have you a parrot that swears ?" asked a woman as she entered the bird store. I suppose I could get one," replied the dealer but I never had such a call before." You see, my husband went out West a month ago, and I'm sort o' lonesome." A labourer in a rough felt hat and long smock walked into the Shakespere Library at Stratford, and after looking attentively for some time at cne of the custodians, went up to him, and said, I say. zur, be you Mister Shakespere, as I've heer'n speak ov ?" Clarrt Harry proposed to me last night and I accepted him. Helen (triumphantly) Why. he proposed to me last week. and I refused him." Clara (coolly) "Yes, I knew it. He told me he did it iust for prac- tice. He knew you didn't ci. j e for him. Are you acquainted with this?" asked A., as he displayed an unpaid bill to its maker. No," replied B., I never met it." Customer: But half a guinea seems a high price. Now. don't you think yourself that you are a little dear?" Fair Florist: "Ah, that's what all the young fellows tell me (And she immediately papered up the bouquet).

,&A METROPOLITAN LIFE ASSURANCE SOCIETY. ESTABLISHED 1835. 25, MOORGATE STREET, Xj O NDON, E-O- Conducted on the Mutual Principle for the benefit of the Policy Holden alone. FINANCIAL POSITION. Total Sum Assured £&,400,000 Annual Income £ 244,000 Funds in Hand £ 2,055,500 No Agents Employed. No Commission Paid. Low Expense Rate. ALL SURPLUS APPLIED IN REDUCTION OF PREMIUM Tor Prospectus, etc., apply to the ACTUARY. WORTH A GUINEA A BOX. BEECHAFS" PILLS FOR ALL BILIOUS & NERVOUS DISORDERS. SICK HEADACHE, CONSTIPATION, WEAK STOMACH, WIND, IMPAIRED DIGESTION, DISORDERED LIVER, AND FEMALE AILMENTS. Prepared only by the Proprietor, THOMAS BEECHAM, St. Helens,. Lancashire, in boxej la. Hd. (56 pills) and 2s. 9d. each, with full directions. Sold everywhere. The -Ph7,!rjcian'r Ti*e 'tTniversal Remedy for '^i^izy^ox^i:e"-c&c^ D^ctl^/e- Headaeha, Hearttura, Indicestion,*Sour jSruct&'ciozis, "E; vXu- 5,1 Bilious Affections. aess of Prelaw jr. «!^™L/MAGNESiAj d £ >old Throughout the ^Vorld. N.B,-ASK FOR DINNEFORD'S MAGNESIA.

SCIENCE NOTES AND GLEANINGS. IT has long been known that both camels and llamas once inhabited the American continent, and now Professor Scott, of Philadelphia, main- tains that all the American artiodactyls, except the piga, have sprung from a common cameloid stem. TIIB effects of hunger when prolonged are found by Professor Lassignardie to be much like those of drunkenness. At first the intellectual powers become unusually active and the imagina- tion runs wild, then there is a change to excit- ability, selfishness, cruelty, and weakened faculties. MORS perfect combustion in furnaces is secured by a German inventor, who has discovered that on properly introducing an air current into a chimney it takes a course opposite to that of the hot gases, and its oxygen reaches the centre of a fire in a heated condition favourable for com- pletely uniting with the fuel. SILKWORMS, in Flammarion's experiments, have attained their maximum production of silk in white light, the next in the purple of the red end of the spectrum, and a minimum in blue light. In blue rays the males produced reach 63 per cent. The red rays favour the production of females, and also their fertility, twice as many eggs being laid as in blue light. NEW BREATHING APPARATUS. A new breathing apparatus has been invented by an Austrian. It is for use as a rescue apparatus for coal mines. It consists of an indiarubber cloth receptacle made in the form of a collar, which closely surrounds the wearer's neck, serving as a breathing bag, and at the same time to hold a store of quick-lime for absorbing the carbonic acid and water vapour. A mask tightly enclosing the face is also employed, and oxygen can be breathed from an accompanying container, so that a man wearing these appliances can remain in a locality filled with irrespirable gases. STRENGTH OF ALLOYS OF NICKEL. According to RudelofF, the strength of alloys of nickel with iron containing little or no carbon increases with each rise in nickel up to 8 per cent., while the ductility decreases up to 16 per cent. beyond this point and up to 60 per cent. the increase of nickel causes an increase both in ductility and strength. The effect of nickel on the elastic limit of steel increases as the carbon increases, says the Engineer. In 0 20 carbon steel the gain on elastic limit due to 1 per cent. of nickel is 5,7141b. while in 0"50 carbon steel the gain on elastic limit due to 1 per cent. of nickel is 10,5701b. MIDSUMMER MADNESS. The old saying about "midsummer madness" seems to have had some truth in it. The Academy of Sciences, Paris, and other learned societies find that in July and August the largest number of absurd and insane projects are sub- mitted to them, and from the statistics of lunatic asylums in Switzerland Dr. Mercer shews that mental derangements reach their maximum in the heat of summer, though bodily ailments are usually at a minimum then. Moreover, the curve for suicide in Switzerland is twice as high in July and August as it is in December, an observation which agrees with the curves for suicide in some other countries. Crime has also been shewn to attain a maximum in America duiing the hot season. Apparently a mere drought—that is, a low hygrometric state of the atmosphere—increases mental trouble and suicide. NEEDLES AND PINS. It seems remarkable, says Engineering, that 50 to 60 workers are needed to produce a needle or pin, or a pair of hooks and eyes, and yet it is by this concentration and specialisation of plant that the cost has been so greatly reduced. Ten thousand hairpins are made for a labour cost of 3s. 5d., against 10s. twenty years ago; 14,400 of hooks and eyes for 6s., against about 26s. 1,000 knitting needles for 4s., against 10s. 1,000 sewing machine needles for 9s., against nearly £17; 1,000 curved sewing machine needles for 15s. 7d., against £27; while pins cost only Is. for 12 packages instead of 42s. Engineering gives details of the change in making sewing machine needles. Straightening and cutting the wire into lengths is the first process, ana by special machines this is done in about one-twentieth of the time formerly required. Reducing the wire to size used to take 285 times the period now required; and here it may be remarked that one person attends thirteen of the cold pressing machines which carry out this part of the pro- cess. In another case, the same work is done by a cold swaging machine, and thirty-three of these machines are attended by three persons, and each is paid 12s. a day. USE OF LIQUID AIR IN SURGERY. The difference of temperature between liquid air and the human body is about 440deg. on the Fahrenheit scale of temperature—the temperature of the body being S8 8deg., while that of liquid air is 340deg. below zero. Taking advantage of this fact, Dr. A. Campbell White has used liquid air to produce a sudden and extreme shock to a localised part of the body, without localised destruction of the tissues, or without affecting the general sjjtem—to act, in fact, as a local anaesthetic. It takes only a second or two for a spray of liquid air to produce the most extreme cold at the part ct the body to which it is applied, and but little more than that time for the part to regain its temperature. Used in this way, great stimulation is given to the circu- lation near the sprayed part. After this quick restoration of the circulation, there is no injury to the tissues, except when the liquid is applied at a finger-tip or some other extremity. If the spraying is continued for a minute or two, the part to which it is applied is frozen to a con- dition in which all feeling is lost. An excellent characteristic of liquid air in surgery is the absence of hsemorrhage, which enables the physician to apply the dressing before any bleeding sets in. Dr. White is sanguine as to the use of liquid air for many medical and surgical purposes. MIGRATION OF MOLECULES. A few years ago, Sir William Roberts-Austen made the remarkable discovery that molecules of gold were able to travel through lead. He fused gold plates to the bases of bars of lead, and after keeping the bars at a high temperature for a month he found that molecules of a gold-lead alloy had actually travelled up to the top of the lead rods—a distance of nearly three inches. Similar experiments were made many years ago by Sir Lowthian Bell and Sir Frederick Abel, who shewed that if steel and iron are placed in close contact and heated, the iron gains in per- centage of carbon and the steel loses. Professor J. O. Arnold and Mr. A. M'William have described a series of experiments made by them to determine whether other elements diffuse through iron. Several thick tubes of nearly pure iron were obtained, and a core of iron, contain- ing other elements in certain known proportions, was fixed in each. After heating these compound pieces in a vacuum for ten hours they were taken out and analysed; micro-sections cut right across tho compound bars were also polished, etched, and examined. The result in each case shewed clearly that carbon, sulphur, phosphorus, and nickel had passed from the cores to the tubes, while several other elements, such as copper, arsenic, and aluminium, did not diffuse into the solid iron in this way. The exact manner in which these molecular migrations take place is doubtful, but the fact that such movements actually occur is of great importance in con- nection with the manufacture of steel. THE PAINLESSNESS OF DYING. Professor Nothnagel, of the Vienna University, delivered a lecture recently before the Society of Vienna Authors and Journalists, on the subject of dying. The principal object of the lecture was to prove that death, in nearly every case, and with only very rare exceptions, is painless. The lecturer affirmed that it could be said with a great amount of certainty, on the strength of observation and scientific deduction, that what- ever the fear of death—which is merely a physi- cal phenomenon—death itself is physically with- out pain; because, in almost every imaginable case, consciousness ceases before the heart ceases to beat—that is, before death. In order to feel pain, the painful irritation—in the case of gun- shot wounds, for instance—must have passed from the spot on the skin to the brain: and it has been proved that, if the wound is fatal, the action ot the bullet is more rapid than the message to the biain announciug it: con- sequently, such death is painless. It haa been frequently observed on the battlefield that blood was running for some time before pain was felt, or that the wounded man dropped down without knowing at first why. Death by burning, perhaps the most horrible of all its forms, is rendered painless at an early stage by suffoca- tion, which also alleviates the pain of many who die from disease, the shcrtnegs of breath and yearning for air, though painful enough, being relieved by suffocation at the moment of death. In case^ of acute feverish diseases the poisonous action of bacteria works so depressingly on the nervous system that, with full conscious- cess to the last moment, apathy sets in, render- ing it a matter of iadifference to the patient whether he dies or not. That is to say, the desire of life gradually sinks to vanishing point, and death is physically and psychologi- cally painless,

I DRAUGHTS. I EDITED BY "MAXIgIZIONAM." I "In friendly contention the old men Laughed at each lucky bit or unsuccessful manoeuvre; Laughed when a man was crowned, or a breach was made in the Kiug-row."—LonyJtUuw, Evangeline. TO CORRESPONDENTS. All correspondence intended for this column should be forwarded not later than Tuesday evenings, so at to insure Insertion in the same week's issue. Secretaries ot clubs are cordially Invited to send us reports of matches and meetings, or any other matter of interest to players generally. • H. G. T. (Swansea)o-Much obliged for yours of the 14th inst. We shall be plt!ased if you can bring about the meeting suggested. Solu- tions in order. J. B. (Swansea).—"Tryagain." r. T. (Swansea).—There are evident signs of im- provement. SOLUTION TO PROBLEM 309. Black Men on 5, 8, 12, 14. 16, 20 and 21. White Men on 13,19, 22, 23, 27, 28 and 31. Black to move and win. 8 11 31 24 25 30 22 13 30 25 6 1 27 24 21 25 13 9 5 14 9 6 22 17 20 27 24 20 14 17 13 9 25 22 B. wins. SOLUTION TO PROBLEM 310. Black Men on 1, 2, 14, and 20 King 19 White Men on 10, 15, 21 and 22 „ King 8 I Black to move and win. 14 18 17 14 22 25 (1) 3 8 26 23 7 2 22 7 18 22 21 17 30 26 10 7 1 5 2 6 8 3 25 80 8 3 19 10 W. wins, (1) 10 7 19 10 7 2 1 5 W. wins. PROBLEM 313.—By Mr. C. P. BARKER, Boston, BLACK. WHITE. Black Men on 13, 14 and 20 11 King 12 White Men on 10, 11, 21 and 22 Bla-k to move and win. PROBLEM314.—By "NONDESCRIPT." BLACK. WHITE. Black Men on 18 and 19. I King 23 White Men on 28 and 29. King 13 1 Black to move and win. GAME 155. KELSO." I The following interesting game, in which an exceedingly pretty" stroke occurs, was played between Messrs. Brodie and Sims :— 10 15 16 20 9 18 11 15 310 23 18 31 27 21 17 *22 17 25 4 710 811 5 9 13 22 28 32 26 23 18 15 17 14 10 6 4 8 ¡ 10 14 11 18 9 13 110 32 27 24 19 22 15 26 22 19 16 811 15 24 4 8 610 12 28 27 23 28 19 30 26 14 7 27 24 11 16 11 16 14 18 211 20 27 10 14 27 24 23 14 15 10 32 7 Drawn DRAUGHTS AS AN EDUCATION.—An eminent Scottish draughts writer says:—"There is no game extant which so admirably combines education and recreative features, or which is in every way so well adapted for a popular and profitable amusement among refined and appreciative classes, as draughts. Its in- fluences are of an elevating character. It not only teaches, but practically enforces the necessity of patience and perseverance, courage and courtesy, self-reliance and self- control. The game is also peculiarly and sclf-evidently worthy of paternal encourage- ment, as a knowledge of its incomparable beauties will destroy the taste for demoralis- ing games of chance, which so often prove fatal stumbling blocks in the paths of the young."

JUST LIKE A QUAKER. A Quaker down South wished to say a straight thing to a fellow who had no reputa- tion for speaking the truth. He addressed him thus: "Friend, I shouldn't like to call thee a liar, but if the Mayor of the town were to come to me and say Friend, find me the biggest liar in the town,' I should come to' thee and say William, the Mayor wants thee. A bit rough. So it was. But per- haps it was well deserved. Mr. Spurgeon says Some men lie as fast as a hosre can trot "—and that's a big rate. He also says If you tell one lie. you have to tell six more c to thatch it." We've always looked upon lying as a losing game. Apart from any moral considerations, it pays to stick to the truth. "Wolf, wolf!" may be shouted once too often. Page Woodcock, of Lincoln, speaks truth, and a lot of it, when he says that for the cure of Indigestion, Liver Complaints, Wind on the Stomach, Sick Headache, Cos- tiveness, Nervous Debility, Palpitation of the Heart, Biliousness, etc., his famous Wind Pills excel all others. Mr. Thos. Hallam writes from 22, Union- street, Stockport: —" I suffered from severe pain in my left side and between my shoul- ders. A few doses of your Wind Pills quick- ly relieved me. I recommend them every- where. I will gladly reply to any inkuiries." Mr. H. was not asked for this statement, neither was he paid for it. It was purely voluntary. Drop him a line and see what he says.-P.W. The Wind Pills being purely Vegetable, Tasteless, and Mild and Tonic in their action, may be taken with perfect safety by the most delicate of either sex. Every hard-driven business man, every tired, weary house-wife, every working man and woman, often prevented by their working conditions from taking sufficient exercise, should take Page Woodcock's Wind Pills. Page Woodcock's Wind Pills are sold by all Medicine Vendors at Is. l^d. and 2s. 9d. post free for price by Page Woodcock, Lincoln.

There goes a woman I owe a great deal of happiness to." Hovr's that?" "About five years ago I asked her to marry me." Yes." And she wouldn't." Maude: Did Jack kiss you when you ac- cepted him ?" Clara: Certainly. I wouldn't consider any but sealed proposals."

METROPOLITAN LIFE ASSUR- ANCE COMPANY. The ordinary general meeting of the Metro- politan Life Assurance Society was held on Thursday in last week at the offices, 13, Moor- gate-street, London, E.C. Col. Victor Mil- ward, M.P., who presided, regretted the ab- sence of Mr. Simon, their secretary and prin- cipal adviser, who had been absent at Ten?- riffe, through illness, for the last few months. No one had served a company with greater zeal and intelligence than Mr. Simon had dis- played in connection with this Society, and they all hoped he might soon be able to take up his accustomed duties. The report showed that the unappropriated balance to be dealt with amounted to £30,044. Of this they had resolved to carry to Investment Reserve Fund £1,500, to make an abatement of 1 per cenr. extra upon all premiums entitled to abate- ment, amounting to £18,671, and to carry for- ward £9,874. The result would be that mem- bers of the first series would receive an abate- ment on their premiums of 72 per cent., mem- bers of the second series 57 per cent., members of the third series 42 per cent., and members of the fourth and last series 32 per cent. The members of the fourth series would not come into abatement until .Tuly next. but as the Society had not offered more than 31 percent., and they would now receive 32 per cent., they wou, d have every reason to be satisfied. The result, which he thought on the whole a good one, had not been arrived at without con- siderable anxiety. More than 50 per cent. of the increase of life business at present came from endowment policies, and at the close of the meeting they were going to ask for further powers in this direction. The members were also asked for powers to make reversionary bonus and other options to be given. The Chairman then moved the adoption of the re- port. Mr. Sigismund F. Mendl, M.P., in seconding the motion, said the Directors were fully alive to the importance of not only maintaining the stability of the Society, but of meeting the views held by a. large body of the life-assuring public. The report was unanimously adopted, the retiring directors re-elected, and Messrs. Deloitte. Dever, Griffiths and Co., and Mr. F. S. Smith, re-ap- pointed auditors. At a special general meet- ing the powers asked for were agreed to.

A BEWILDERED FATHER. An amusing story, though not without its serious side, comes from the neighbourhood of Chalfont St. Giles, Bucks. A young lady visiting her home after a prolonged absence arrived on her bicycle, and asking for Mr. Pearce (her father), on his appearance en- quired the way to tho village. He indicated the road, and not until she had whispered a few baby words he taught her that he re- cognised his own child, and exclaimed, Here's Lilian come from the grave!" In explanation of the incident the young lady relates the following:- Soon after I took up a position at Rough Wood Croft I had a sharp illness, which de- veloped into a serious affection of the throat. I could take no solid food, and though finally I recovered I found I was getting very thin. I then began to suffer from indigestion; to sleep at night became impossible; and when I did doze I would wake to find myself bathed in perspiration. For six months I could not bear to wear corsets. I consulted a doctor, then a specialist, and after an examination the latter said I was suffering from gastric ulcer. A special diet was prescribed, but the ulcer developed into a couple of abscesses near my side. I was very ill about this time, and I have fainted three of four times a day, often. One day a friend came over to see me; I was so pale and thin that she had to look at me twice before she knew me; but when she suggested I should try Dr. Williams' pink pills for pale people I laughed, because I thought that if a specialist with all his knowledge could not get me well, how could a simple pill do me any good ? How- ever, just to please her I said I would try the pills. H That night I wrote off for a box, and when I got it I carefully read the directions. Every word I say now can be proved. Before I had finished the contents of that box I felt better. I could sleep and I could eat. In a fortnight the terrible weight disappeared from my chest. I could walk up and down the stairs by the time I had finished the second box, whereas I had before to rest after every sixth stair. I went on with Dr. Williams' pink pills, and before I had taken the sixth box I was almost well. I was able to cycle again, and gradually I got stronger. My colour came back, and very soon afterwards I was told I had been turned from an old woman into a young one. I can now cycle forty miles a day with case. While I was very ill my parents came to see me, and they tell me that when they left they never expected to see me alivo again." What happened when Miss Lilian Pearce subsequently cycled home has been told at the commencement of this article, but it should be added that her address is Rough Wood Croft, Chorley Wood, near Chalfont St. Giles, and her experience was related to a London pressman for the sake of helping other suffering members of her sex. There is a vicious circle in disease. Anaemia leads to indigestion indigestion to gastric ulcer and internal bleeding and these again to anaemia, which is bloodlessness. If we can feed and enrich the blood—for which Dr. Williams' pink pills are especially famed— we check the anaemia, enable ourselves to get the full benefit from our food, and avoid or cure indigestion, sluggish liver, biliousness. debility, nervous ailments like St. Vitus' dance, neuralgia, and paralysis. Only the pills must be genuine, bearing the full title, Dr. Williams' pink pills for pale people, for substitutes never cured anyone, and when they are offered it is best to send direct to the Dr. Williams' Medicine Company, Holborn-viaduct, London, enclosing the price —two and nincpence for one box, or thirteen and nine for six boxes.

HIGH WATER in SWANSEA HARBOUR Compiled from Greenwood's Nautical Almanac HHISH HEIGHTS NEAREST Ml: -DAY. ™B_! Prince of* if. D'k S:-D'II Day of J4onth'cjf'!IWicb', Wales Dock. l-tide 4-tid Mean Basin. Basin Time. jMorn. Hven.| CILI,. CILL. May. i A.M.I P.M.i T. I. -1- JridaT IS; & 1ftj 8 32i 30 1 30 0 24 0 22 6 Satarday 1»| 3 54; 9 19i 29 d 29 4 23 4 21 10 Sunday 30 9 42 10 7! "28 7 28 7 22 7 21 i Monday 2110 36 ll lot 27 2 27 11 21 11 20 5 Tuesday 22 11 45 2« 7 Wednesday 231 0 25l 1 Oi a7 8; 26 5 20 5 18 11 Thursday 24l 1 34 2 5! 27 lOl 27 5 21 5 19 11 Tie has that within which passeth show I -the man with a complimentary ticket. This is a world of compensation snow comes down in the winter, and ice goes up in the summer. Before the magistrate: "Isidore Ferblnmr, this is the thirteenth time you have been rested for theft." Ah, your worship, it is so humiliating TO beg." Your air is wet, William. Where have you been "In the pond, mamma. I jumped in to keep little Tommy Squeer9 from j drownin' My noble boy Was Tommy in swimming ?" No'm, but he was goin' to go in." _J

CLARKE'S B t1 PILLS are warranted to cure, either sex, all :-(iiire-i ,,1' --01;itut T::I; dischatgtji :r"m the Urinarv Or-sns, Gravel, 7nd Pains h; tee t'ack. Free from 15 Estet>;isbe<] npw-trd oi 30 j >"e«rs. In Boxes, Ir. M. eq.-h, of CiiTnisi.g an<l } hVterit Medicine *• i-iors riiroiv/noui tilf. World: or •wit for sixty arA (oS hv :h.? MuVers, THF J.INCOLW A/CD MlDHJtD Cvr"TH8 Dbvu COttPAjdV Lincoln.

OUR LITERARY BUREAU. "THE WELSH PEOPLE." There was some discussion the other day in the counsels of the new Welsh University about the desirability and the feasibility of introducing the history of Wales as a specific cubject into the academic curriculum; and the sufficient practical answer made to the advocates of this policy was that there was Bp text-book of the history in existence. Promptly, as if in answer to the demand, comes a book on The Welsh People," by Professor Ehys and Mr. Brynmor Jones, just published by Mr. Unwin. The explicit testi- mony of the authors, however, rather goes to confirm the contention of the opposition, for they disclaim any attempt to write a history of Wales and the Marches, on the ground tha t, in their opinion, that is a task that cannot be successfully performed with the aid only of the materials at present available. In the meanwhile, their book constitutes a very valu- able prologomena for the future historian, and rescues from the living death of the Blue Book a considerable amount of interesting evidence and learning buried in the some- what voluminous report of the late Welsh Land Commission." Of the old matter, the most valuable from a scientific point of view is probably the chapter on the history of land tenure in Wales, written mainly by Mr. Frederic See- bohm, the well-known author of The Village Community,' and with Mr. Seebohm's consent here made more generally accessible. Wider interest (in these days of Celtic enthu- siasm and curiosity about the Celtic charac- teristics) may be aroused by the opening chapter on the ethnology of ancient Wales, in which will be detected the original specu- lations of Professor Rhys. While amidst the Lew matters there will be found an exceeding- ly interesting chapter on the Ancient Laws end Customs of Wales wherein, it is to be supposed, may be traced the learned hand of Mr. Brynmor Jones." The Celtic fanatic, however, will not find much comfort in the ethnological theories of the Oxford Professor of Celtic. For Professor Rhys holds, as people interested in these topics were already aware, that the im- migrant Celt was largely absorbed in the ab- criginal Non-Aryan race, and that the Celtic character on which we pride ourselves we share with the Berbers of Egypt (the same qualities, Mr. Lang is fond of reminding us, we also share with the Finns). On this point (since not everyone agrees with Prof. Rhys's views) it may be well to call attention to an ingenious paper by Professor Morris Jones, of Bangor, on the syntactical simi- larity of the Welsh and Berber languages. And from other passages in the book the too zealous Celt may learn that to the brutal Saxon he owes the preservation of the Welsh language, but for whom it would have pro- bably yielded to Latin as it did in France and that under the English tyranny he grew to his present populousness and prosperity. For. according to our authors, the history of the Welsh in their heroic ages was the history of somewhat insignificant raids, as indeed has been the prosaic history of most heroic ages." —W. P. in the St. James's Gazette." One of Ihe Welsh national heroes, Owen Glyndwr, is to occupy a volume in the series of Heroes of the Nations." The volume has been assigned to Mr. A. G. Bradlev. who recently did a pleasant boob on North Wales, showing a very sympathetic interest in Welsh lore. in Messrs. Macmillan's Highways and Byways series. Might not Mr. Gosse in- clude Walsh literature in Mr. Heinemann's series of Literatures of the World" ? Sanscrit and Japanese have been included, and Welsh and Irish, for all our Celtic en- thusiasm, are left out in the cold. There might at all events be a well edited reprint oi Thomas Stephens's Literature of the Kymry during the Twelfth and Two Succeed- ing Centuries," which some ill-natured critics say has been the Gne solid literary result of the Eisteddfod. THE CONDUCT OF BUSINESS. a Hints on the Conduct of Business, Public and Private," by Sir Courtenay Boyle, K.C.B., Secretary to the Board of Trade, sometime private secretary to the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland. Macmillan and Co. This is a most excellent work. It should be in every office and in every home. It con- tains a store of valuable advice and useful hints. In the first chapter Sir Courtenay Boyle deals with training. A student should, in the first place, and above every- thing else, be taught truth and straightfor- wardness. Much may be done by education to develop a habit of close reason- ing. Slip-shod statements, hastily-con- ceived and imperfectly expressed, may be dis- couraged. Boys and girls may be taught, without any risk of turning them into prigs, to make their criticisms of even the most trivial events or the most ephemeral writings accurate. They may also be encouraged to learn the value of decision and the mischief of procrastination to understand that patience is not inconsistent with prompti- tude, nor a readiness to take responsibility incompatible with caution in weighing alter- natives; and above all. that a loyal devotion to those with whom they work, and the cause they are working, is certain to bene- fit themselves as well as the world." The opening and closing of letters affords many opportunities for blunder, and the neglect of simple rules is sure to cause mischief. Sir Courtenay Boyle indicates these simple rules. There are several other chapters dealing with the conduct of business. They contain much valuable advice. Hints on the Conduct of Business is an important work, and it de- serves, as it no doubt will command, a very wide sale. MR. DOOLEY IN THE HEARTS OF HIS COUNTRYMEN." By F. P. Dunne. Published by Grant Richards. Price, 3s. 6d. This bock affords a most agreeable oppor- tunity of renewing the acquaintance of that and typical Irishman, "Mr. Dooley." • °>iays a: firmer hold upon our attachment m these light and racy sketches. The satire is frequently of a most piquant quality. In the preface itself we have a specimen of un- mistakable sarcasm in the reference made to tho publishers, who uninvited presented Mr. Dooley to a part of the British Public." The writer says in his preface he has taken the liberty to dedicate the book to certain enterprising gentlemen in London who have displayed their de- votion to a sentiment now widely prevailing in the music halls by republishing an American book without solicitation on the author's part." The Irish dialect in the book may be described as scholarly. From beginning to end the humorous and sagacious Mr. Dooley docs not make a single slip in the matter of accuracy in this particular. This adds in a considerable degree to the enjoyableness of the book, as it gives most undeniable indivi- duality to the lively philosopher who, so to speak, plays the title role. The book abounds in good things which often are none the less telling because they are against the English- man, with his stock of national preference or prejudice. They're on'y," says Mr. Dooley, "two known methods of finance— bankin' an' burglary. Th' Jews has th' first down fine. but all th' rest iv th' wurruld is at home in th' second." There are chapters de- voted to the Dreyfus Case," The Ruling Class," "'Making a Cabinet," "Votes of Straw," Heroes." The Grip," The Irish- man Abroad," and many other subjects. We advise those of our readers who unfortunate- 'y ar» sufferers from physical ills, and scan advertisements in tho newspapers and maga- zines in the hope of finding a nostrum which exactly suit3 their case, to try the effect of a series of hearty laughs. If these laughs are not the result of a perusal of this unique literary production, then nothing but actual residence in close proximity to Mr. Dooley will, we imagine, meet the case.

If you would hit the mark, you must aim a little above; every arrow that flies feels the attraction of the earth. Leigh Hunt was asked by a lady at dessert if he would not venture on an orange. Madam," he replied. I should be happy to do so; but I am afraid I should tumble off."

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THE WEEK'S PAPERS. CROMWELL'S LUST FOR POWER. Had Cromwell (says Theodore Rooseveldt in Scribner ") not become cursed with the lust of power; had he not acquired a dictatorial habit of mind, and the fatal incapacity to acknowledge that there might be righteous- ness in other methods than his own, he could certainly have avoided a break with his Par- iiament. His splitting with it was absolutely needless. It agreed to confirm his powers for five years, and as it happened at the end of that time he was dead. Even had he lived there could be no possible excuse for refusing such a lease of power, on the ground that it was too short; for it was amply long enough to allow him to settle whatever was necessary to settle. HOW TO TRAIN THE BEGGAR. In the third annual report of the State Children's Aid Association a fact is brought forward which will astonish many, and shock not a few. It is that on the Derby day the children in the pauper schools at Sutton are marshalled by the roadside, in order that they may receive the coppers that are thrown to them by the people going to the races. The police keep the roadway free from passers-by, so that the children may be seen, and may catch the money thrown to them. The bigger boys run about after tho coins that are aimed so ill as to miss the bulk of the children. The infants are placed in a field alongside the rail- way line, so that as the train slows down they may receive the alms of those who travel by rail. Can one conceive a scheme better de- vised to make these children, when they grow up, take to begging as a profession? The fact that the money thus received is spent on a day's outing for the children is all the more calculated to make them incline to mendicity as a means of earning a livelihood. — The Hospital." THE SPEECH OF THE PLAIN MAN. It is to the credit of Mr. Chamberlain that he is the first member of the Government who has F.poken these many days to realise that the public are entitled to be treated to a little sober common-sense, as Ministers understand it, in regard to the war. At Birmingham on Friday he spoke tho speech of the plain man. Ho took the Man in the Street into his con- fidence. and told him what he had been want- ing to hear for so long. Mr. Balfour has been flippant. Sir Michael Hicks-Beach has been airy. Mr. Goschcn has been cheap. Lord Salisbury has been cynical. Only Mr. Cham- berlain has gone to the heart of the war problem as it affects the Empire to-day, and as it will affect the Empire in tho future. Sun." TO TELL THE TRUTH, YE GODS! With regard to the war. the tone of the serious portion of the French Press remains unchanged. The ravings of Rochefort. Du- mont, and that set are only worth mention when they become comic, and they have been dull lately. 31. Yves Guyot, continues in the Siecle his campaign in England's favour. i Tho "Temps" is severely critical, and con- tinues to unearth hidden motives for the actions of most prominent Englishmen; and the Figaro adopts the same tone. The Matin takes England severely to task for not allowing its correspondent, M. Jean Carriere, to land at St. Helena. Let Eng- land take warning, however, for M. Carriere has been ordered by wire to go on to South Africa, and when he gets there he is to tell the truth." Ye gods! —"Globs." LORD SALISBURY. Lord Salisbury is no firebrand; his Ir)- fluence is all for peace; it acts as an emol- lient, never as an irritant, upon the abra- sions of the international cuticle; it lubri- cales life for sovereigns and statesmen. Wherefore, when Lord Salisbury speaks, the world is inclined to give ear, and that favour- ably. What. then, has the Prime Minister, who is his own Foreign Minister, to say about the international situation just now? "The state of affairs is peaceful all through the South African trouble the various Govern- ments, without exception, have observed a "careful and calm neutrality"; they have been inspired by "the dictates of justice and right." That is well to know, because it is with Governments that our own Government has primarily to deal; but the most ex- perienced and authoritative of British states- men has at the same time solemnly warned us that we must be on our guard. Fore- warned should be forearmed.—" Pall Mall." THE RAGE OF GYMNASTICS. The last few months have witnessed an enthusiasm which may compare with that of Sam Weller's donkey, for air and exercise," at all hazards. Whatever the complaint, the doctors, with that unanimity which sudden- ly seems to come over the profession, advise more exercise as the only panacea. In con- sequence every other business man, despite of age or proportions, braves daily discomfort and frequent ridicule in the pursuit of activity. Some bicycle, some buy strange machines to affix to bedroom doors, some get up in the small hours so as to find time to walk to the office in the morning, but those who have the courage to adopt quite the most up-to-date advice take yet more extreme measures. According to the London corres- pondent of the Birmingham Gazette," no- thing less violent than skipping-rope exercise is of any avail in extreme cases.—" Globe." JB520 FOR A KISS. Actresses have a new advertising dodge. To-dav all Paris is talking about a kiss which cost Odette Valery £320 in bank notes and a pretty Russian leather pocket-book. Made- moiselle Valery is the crack dancer at the Casino de Paris. She leaned from her car- riage, so the story goes, to kiss a child, when a man leaned in at the other window and cleared off with the pocket-book and its con- tents.—" Evening News." RUSKIN HALL FOR WOMEN. The movement for bringing Greater educa- tional advantages within the reach of artisans and working men which led to the establish- ment a year ago of Ruskin Hall at Oxford has met with great success. It is now hoped to extend the movement to women, and to es- tablish another Ruskin Hall for their bene- fit, either at Oxford or London. Mr. Vroo- man, Principal of Ruskin Hall, says a crood hcuse in Oxford can be obtained. About j3500 would be required to start the hall.— H Echo." GLASGOW'S ENTERPRISE. Glasgow as a municipality continues to re- tain its position as the most enterprising Corporation in the United Kingdom. For a time Birmingham led the municipal van, but the Midlands capital is now, it is to be feared, lagging considerably behind the second city of the Empire." Glasgow's latest departure is a pioneer municipal venture that will be watched with interest throughout the coun- try. After persistent appeals to the Govern- ment, the Town Council of that city was granted a licence to establish a telephone exchange, to embrace not only that city itself, but a wide surrounding area. When the agitation for a Municipal telephone ex- change was begun in the northern town the Telephone Company's service was exceedingly defective, and the charge for the of "n instrument was JB10 per year. In London even at present the charge per annum is £20 per instrument, an absurdly high rate when the low charges prevailing in Con- tinental countries are considered. In estab- lishing the telephone exchange the Glasgow Corporation has fixed the rates at £5 5s. per annum for an unlimited number of calls, or £3 10s. yearly with one penny for each call. It is an old axiom that competition is the life of trade. By offering a vigorous opposition to the National Telephone Company the Glas- gow municipality is undertaking not only a local but a national work—local in respect of the benefit it is confidently expected the new telephone system will confer" on the citi- zens, and national in the sense that it will break down the telephone monopoly hitherto enjoyed by the National Telephone Company, whose present licence from the Government expires in 1911. Hitherto the Glasgow Town Council has been almost invariably successful in its municipal enterprises, and there seems no reason to doubt that financial and satis- factory working success will attend the Tele- phone Exchange, with its extended local an I full trunk connections. From a nation: point of view, if other municipalities follow the example of Glasgow—and at present it can claim to be the model municipalty of Great Britain—the Government of the time (through the effective breaking of the Na- tional Telephone Company's monopoly) vri'l, in the event of the country taking over the telephones, secure them at a much lower purchase price than would bs the case had Glasgow not persisted in its right to have a licence granted to it to establish a municipal telephone. In this way the saving to the ratepayers of the country through Glasgow's enterprising action may yat be considerable. —" St. James's Gazette." THE FIRST RIFLE CLUB. Birmingham is the first place to snap up the idea of forming rifle clubs, and this month is issued the first number of the official organ of that club. It is called the Bun's Eye." and while devoting the most part of No. 1 to the history of the formation of the new club, it gives some interesting tips on rifle club for- mation. The new club. says the "Bull's Eye," is entirely free from military control, but, at the same time, we should reckon to be a useful voluntary reserve in case of neces- sity." Birmingham has evidently started well. Other towns will follow; and when they do the secretary of the Birmingham club will be very pleased to give hints.—" Star. "ON THE MOVE." The late Mr. Spurgeon, who was Essex born, said. when he heard of the earthquake in Essex, Thank goodness, my old country is on the move at last!" It is with the same feeling of thankfulness that men are talking of Roberts's latest move. The critics have been very severe on H Bobs for his long rest at Bloemfontein. Or, rather, they have blamed the War Office for not providing re- mounts, and the Government anticipating this and that.—" Sun."

LOCAL COMMISSIONS. The London Gazette of Tuesday night contains the following :-— War Office, May 15th. LINE BATTALIONS. The Welah Regiment—Lieutenant Francis H. Howe to be captain vice F. L. Prothero, died of wouns received in a;;tiou dat^d 25th April ult. The undermentinne'l second lieutenants to be lieutenants: C. R. W. Allen, vie-} R. J. B. Span, promoted, dated 21st March last; T. G. Matthias, vice F. H. Howe, dated 25th ult. VOLUNTFCER ARTILLERY. 2nd Glamorgan.—The undermentioned gentle- men to be second lieutenants: William Thomas Davies, dated 16th May, 1900; Arthur Percy Thomas, dated 16th May, 1900. VOLUNTEER RIFLES. 1st Volunteer Battalion the Royal Welsh Fusi- liers.—Lieutenant A. B. Thomnson, from 2nd Volunteer Battalion, to be captain; John Charles Davies, gentleman, to be captain on increase of establishment; and John Henry Ba.te, gentleman, to be second lieutenant, all dated 16th inst. MILITIA INFANTRY. 3rd Battalion the Royal Welsh Fusiliers.—2nd Lieutenant M. B. Riminjiton is seconded for special service in South Africa, da'ed 16th in>t. 4tb Batt-tlion the Royal Welsh Fusilier=.— Lieutenant W. E. S. Butson resigns his commis- sion, dated the 16th in-t. VOLUNTEER RIFI/ES. 2nd Volunteer Battalion the South Wrtles Bor- derers-Liutenant H. J. Edwards resigns his commission, dated 16th inst. 3rd Volunteer Battalion ihe South Wales Bor- derer*—Captain J. F. Straker resigns his com- mission dated 16th in-t. 4th Volunteer Battalion the Royal Welsh Bor- derers—Second Lieutenant iS. G. Mullock to be lieutenant Sunreou-lietenaut J. Howard Jones, M.B., to be 8nrgeon-.iiptiin dated 16fch inst. 3rd Volunteer JJatlalion the Wdsh Regimont- Lieutenant H. L. Simpson resigns his comm:3- sion, and is granted t^e honorary rank of captain, with permission to wear the uniform of the bat- talion on hifóJ retirement: dated 16th inst. The undermentioned lieutenants to be contains —C. L. Wilson and R. A. Lewis dated 16th iasi.

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GARDENING NOTES. If any reader who is in a difficulty with re- ference to his garden will write direct to the address given beneath, his questions will all be answered free of any charge, in full detail, and by return of post.—ED. Some correspondents omit to add their name., or merely end with initials. In these cagee it is obviously impossible to reply. E.K.T» THE LAWN. EXTIRPATION OF WEEDB.—While annual weeds may be eradicated by frequent mowing, perennial weeds, tuch as daisies, etc., should be removed whole if possible, with a two- pronged lever, and more deeply rooting species like docks, thistles, plantains, and dandelions must be cut off a couple of inches under the surface of the ground with a spud. If a pinch of salt be carefully applied to the cut roots of perennial weeds it usually effec- tually destroys them. A few drops of carbo- lic or sulphuric acid applied to a root stock with a glass rod or skewer which has been dipped into the bottle containing the chemi- cal, effectually destroys some length of it, and prevents further growth. Of course, these chemicals must not be brought into actual contact with the person or clothes of the worker. It should borne in mind that the mere breaking up of root stocks in the soil is most injurious, because nearly every root- fragment vegetates separately. The best plan of clearing a lawn is to mark off a strip some four or six feet wide. and to thoroughly free that from weeds before marking off an- other strip, and so continuing to divest suc- cessive portions until the whole lawn has been gone over. WORMS AND WORM CASTS.—Worm casts al- ways abound most on loose soils, and so can be largely prevented by making the lawn very firm with a roller. The casts may be distributed before rolling by sweeping the lawn with a birch broom. Perhaps the simplest remedy is that of well soaking the lawn with lime water, prepared by pouring 30 gallons of water over 12Ibs. of fresh lime. The solution is allowed to stand for some hours, and only the clear liquid is usually employed. An ounce of corrosive sublimate, dissolved in a little water, and stirred into 40 gallons of rain-water, answers the same purpose but this substance is a very virulent poison, and must be handled with extreme care. Either remedy, if applied in wet weather or when the soil is soft and moist, brings the worms to the surface, from whence they are easily swept. TRIMMING LAWN EDGES.—Though turf-cut- ters are usually employed to trim the edges of lawns and grass borders, a sharp and straight-edged spade answers every purpose, as also will an old Itoe, the shank of which has been straightened and the corners rounded off. WATERING LAWNS.—If sowing be effected at the prop-ar season, no necessity for water is likely to arise, but it occasionally happens that the seed must be got in during very hot and drying weather, in which case heavy and thorough watering through a rose is some- times given to prevent the seedlings malting off. The same end may be more satisfactorily achieved by lightly mulching the whole sur- face of the lawn with cocoanut-fibre directly after sowing is completed. This thin cover- ing need not be removed as the grass grows. Watering established lawns with a lawn- sprinkler is a mistake, as it encouarges eur- face-rooting. During the course of .a very dry summer it may be advisable to turn on stream of water through a hose. which is moved only when the soil is thoroughly wetted as deep as it was previously dry. MowiNG LAWNS.—The young plants of a re- cently seeded lawn should be topped with a scythe when they are three inches or so high. to encourage the young grasses to tiller out and spread as much as possible; and the roller must always follow immediately after mowing. By continuing to mow and roll fre- quently during the summer and autumn the young grass is much strengthened and annual weeds are kept in check. The scythe is to be preferred for the first few cuttings. It iff advieable to mow established lawns before the grass becomes long enough to be unsight- ly in spring. If this plan be continued through the summer and autumn it will be unnecessary to use the grass-box or to sweep away the mowings, which will be washed into the lawn by rain, and so are returned to the soil. A mowing machine cutting a wide swathe Js to be preferred, and the knives must never be cut so low as to touch the ground. Very close cutting in summer in- volves the risk of serious injury resulting from exposure of the roots to a burning sun. TURFING LAWNS. — Turfing is permissible when a lawn is wanted very quickly, but it is decidedly expensive and not always satisfac- tory. The best turves are those from old Up- land pastures, as their herbage is usually fine, and the sod dense. The turf should be cut thin, an inch and a-half depth usually being ample; and the ordinary size is a strip three feet long by a foot wide. A board of the size specified is laid on the turf. which is then cut round it. Each turf is then cut by a worker who stands on it while another cuts it free with a spade. When the sods are un- rolled in their final positions they must be firmly beaten down on a soft bed with a turf- beater, consisting of a heavy, flat wooden block, in the centre of the top side of which is inserted a stout handle at a convenient angle. If the weather be hot and dry at the time it will be advisable to cover the whole of the turfed ground with from three-quarters to in inch of fine mould, which acts as » mulch. and tends to prevent rapid evapora- tion of the soil moisture. Turves placed upon such an incline that they might possibly slide out of position may be pegged into their proper places. There are two methods of eking out the supply of turf, one being cut- ting it into portions two or three inches square and rolling these in five or six inches apart over the ground. The other plan is to lay the turves in strips and to sow grass seeds on the uncovered spaces between them. In this way a sward is soon produced by the growth of the seedlings and the spreading of the grasses from the turves. SOME SWEET HERBS. GENERAL CULTURE.—Most herbs require a sunny south border, the seed being sown in drills, and the seedlings thinned out or trans- planted early to allow plenty of room for their full development. BASIL.—Bu9h and sweet basil are usually raised from summer sowings. The stems are cut, dried in bunches, and preserved for winter use. Some plants may be lifted and potted off in frames at the end of September to prolong the supply of green leaves, which form an agreeable seasoning. DILL.—This annual herb is sown on a warin border in May. The foliage, which is used for flavouring soups, sauces, pickles, etc., has a taste like fennel and mint combined. MARJORUM, POT.—Seeds of this perrenial herb are sown during spring or autumn, and the young plants are placed out a foot apart in any soil. The leaves, both green and dried, arc used for seasoning. Sweet majo- am is sown in spring, as it is an annual only. The leaves and young shoots are used for seasonings. Cut, bunch, and dry a portion of the stems for winter use. MINT.—Mint is easily propagated by divid- ing the roots, and planting them annually in fresh, damp ground. The leaves and youut shoots are used for seasonings. A portion of the stem can be cut, bunched, and dried tor winter use. PENNYROYAL.—This perennial is increased by division of the tufts during spring- and autumn. The leavos, vrhich have a very pun- gent mint-like odour, are used for seasoning various dishes. SAGE.—Propagated by seeds sown in spring or autumn, and by cuttings or divisions of the roots. Plant out the feedlings from 12 to 15 inches asunder. The leaves are used for seasoning. TANSY.—A perennial, easily multiplied by division of the roots in spring and autumn. Remove the flower steins as they appear. The leaves are used in seasonings. TARRAGON.—A perennial plant, increased only by division of the tufts, or by root-cut- tings. It is customary to raise roots and place them in heat for winter use, though the foliage can be us9d dried. The stems and leaves possess a very delicate aromatic odour. E. KEMP TOOGOOD, F.R.H.S pro. Toogood and Sons, The Royal Seed Establishment, Southampton.

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