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fHE INDUSTRIES OF VALESI AND…

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fHE INDUSTRIES OF VALES AND THEIR NOTABLE MEN. » By Charles Wilkins. [ALL EIGHTS RESERVED BY THE AUTHO*.] No. III. DOWLAIS AND THE GUEST FAMILY. SIR JOSIAH JOHN GUEST. The beginnings of great men are not infre- quently small. The grand foliage, spring, summer, and autumn tints, and the hundred years' vigour of the oak aU nestle in the acorn which a pig may »or may not crunch! Having delivered ourselves thus t wntentiously, come with us, mentally, to Dowlais. It is a cleaner place than it used to be. Steel has replaced iron; gases are utilised. Hence there is less smoke and smell, though the presence of sulphur is still unmistakable. It was this which suggested to a local poet the lines :— 0 Dowlais, Dowlais, fire and smoke. And roar of wheels, and faces black, Twas some such light as this awoke The thought of hell in ages back. But it is better now and more civilfsed, and has less resemblance to the-well. the subterranean though by no means now lovable place, or where one would like to end his history. Choose a dirty December day and you have Dowlais. Through the mist you can see a great district built on the side of a hit!, the centre, or the older, dingier and more forbidding than the rest, and all surrounded with a circle of fire and smoke. It has two stroets of shops. and, in amongst the rest, places of trade scattered as sparely as plums in a cheap pudding. These two streets monopolise pretty well the trade, and a good deal of the publics." One or two large mansions,a classical looking building used as a school, the Oddfellows-hall, the market, and you have not much more to see besides work- men's cottages, many of them, of th* modern date, being decent and cleanly to look at. 1n the direc- tion of the Pant, which is the outlet from the great herd of life, and from a lot of squalor to the fields and the mountains a few better dwellings may be seen, and life, possibly, in Dowlais rendered a little more bearable. Seen upon a Saturday night, with its strange, round market full of all conceivable things to eat and wear, its streets thronged, its public-houses full, and the varied dialects— Hibernian and Cymraeg tinged with that of tbe Cornish Saeson on every side, and you have a Babel. The gas flares and expands, and contracts again, and the steam whistle shrieks at intervals, and shrill cries, and Shonny hoys," and hoarse fauxters and pattering quacks make you wish for more solitude and less indications of the struggle for bread. Seen on Sunday, hey! presto! and its numerous chapels are well filled; its chapel choirs a.re excel- lent, and the only repellant feature the coming in of the crowd who have wandered into Monmoutb- thire for beer. But it is when the great hive is at work that Dowlais becomes scenic, and before the glory of its display all pyrotechnical efforts fail; the millions of sparks cast upwards from th "converters;" the varied light and shade town and rugged hills, now the glow of a gorgeous sunset, and then the weird mystic light whicii shames that of the Mephistophelean dream, an. would make Irving sorry that he had not been hert before Faust" was put on the boards. A hundred and fifty years ago this place was a bleak hill side, with two rifts or dingles-hance the name (dwy glais) Dowlais. Hither came Lewis, of Caerphilly, and put up a small furnace; and to it came also one Mr. Guest, a small brewer, farmer, and coal dealer, of Broseley, who had been dabbling in iron making, having a smithy and small furnace of his iown. This was the first Guest, and the first Guest Came to superintend and manage, with probably the idea of having a more important interest in ihe infant ironworks if it could be made to pay. Guest came accompanied by a favourite servant hamed Ben, and though they started from Broseley in proper order—namely. Guest riding his old grey mare, and Ben trudging by the side, they reached Merthyr village in different guise, for the old grey mare carried both. f Such was the honesty of the age. Not so much lham, tinsel and veneer as now. Guest could not ride fcomfortably while Ben did the pilgrim, and, to his honour, made his man get up behind him. There was no dream of Wimborne then, or of a baronetcy. Plain spoken. God-fearing, such was the first Guest. He died 1785. His son Thomas, who relieved him of the management in his latter years, was, like the father, a good man of business, with a marked religious tendency which found public expression, not infrequently in the pulpit of the Wesleyan Chapel. Thomas Guest became one of the Dowlais Company, which dates from 1785, and then in- cluded Guest, Lewis, and Tait. The year was important. In it died the first Guest, in it was formed the new company, and during the year the great Guest c**me into the World. Before touching upon the notable Guest it will be well to bear in mind the simple beginnings. One furnace dependent for its iron upon Caer- philly a furnace before which in summer days not infrequently sat the first Guest upon a boulder watching the operations, and waiting for the post- girl from Brecon. A still smaller colliery yield, the outcrop of the seams being first tapped in order to supply the farmers with small quantities in sacks for a penny a sack I That small furnace and its few men, the insig- nificant cottages for the workmen, and that trifling coal trade serve better than columns of descrip- tion to yield us a fitting contrast with the present, and that contrast before we finish must be drawn. Sir Josiah John Guest, Bart., was born on the 2nd of February, 17b5, nine months before the death of his grandfather, the first Guest, whom he so much resembled in sturdy independence of thought, and energy of action. His mother, whose maiden name was Phillips, died when he was very young, and his early years were thus passed in the care of one of those homely old nurses who rub through life in happy ignorance, and equal con- tempt of its elevations and luxuries. What her tight name was few of the place knew. She was commonly known as Mary Abertify, having come from the wilds of Cardigan to this part when the iron age attracted from near and afar. She lived at Gellytaeiog, and occupied her time partly in feeding turkeys, and in part nursing young Guest. Once a year she drove a flock of her choice fat birds before her to Bristol, and came back to her charge with her knowledge of the world ex- panded, and her purse heavier. In after years, when the nurse had become a very old woman, und young Guest had attained wealth, dignity und honours, she would occasionally clamber up the dingle and meet him as he rode up to Dowlais House; and to her jocular advice, not to be proud or forget his old friends, he would respond with kind words and weighty gifts. We very much fear that Mary, like many of her class imbued her charge with superstitious notions, for Master Guest was a timid boy, and did not care to go out tfter dark. Where the new schools now are a dense plantation grew in his day, with an Un- canny reputation about it. A white shade had been seen to roam about, chains heard to rattle, balls of fire seen and men, much less little boys, scrupulously avoided the spot after nightfall. Sceptics say that the work horses were turned into the adjoining fields at night with their harness on, and that amongst these there was a young and restless animal, rather grey in colour, vvhich is concluded to have been the spirit that had terrified tbe men and boys. But young Guest 1 erew out of his timidity. In his youthful years < he always accompanied his brother and father to 1 the Wesloyan Chapel, Merthvr; was a constant i attendant at the Sunday School there, and also i went with the reverend gentleman on his peiiodi- cal journeys to Aberdare, where Mr. Guest, senior, preached, and his son sat amongst the pleased 1 listeners. But he was not a studious or ineian- choly lad—one of those who, lacking vigorous 1 Ftamina, naturally fall aside out of the road of life, < and become the scholar or the preacher. He liked few things better than a good hearty game, and f many a workman was seduced from his heavy labours, in past time, to play with him. Possibly > his great flow of animal spirits might have led him into mishap but for f tiis uncle Tait, who was the actual soul of t the growing iron establishment. Mr. Tait I lived at Cardiff, and periodically journeyed to t Merthyr, but the manager was Mr. John Evana. I ten., and this gentleman had also the duty of Instructing Mr. Tait's nephew in the management. The lad's uncle, too. in a variety of ways, guided c fiis steps in a thoroughly excellent and practical < irack. As an encouragement he received £50 a J fear long before his father's death; and when (J that, sad event took place, in 1807, though he was t only 22, he had become so conversant with the t details of the works that he was at once appointed J taanager, in connection with a Mr. Kirkwood, f another nephew of Mr. Twit's. This nephew rode c to Cardiff every Saturday and reported progress to i his uncle, returning on the Monday. In 1813 this « young man was taken suddenly ill and died, and the whole management at once became vested in t Mi. Guest, who at the time held one sixteenth j, Share in the works. In 1315, Mr. Tait died, and 8 with the exception of several legacies, left all that he had to his nephew, including eight sixteenth shares in the Dowlais Works. It is re- lated that when Mr. Tait was on his death bed the question of tho future management of Dowlais became the subject of conversation, when Guest honestly admitted that the undertaking was too mighty, and suggested that he might look out for a fresh field, and try and open out other paths to fortune and honour. Happily for Dowlais he decided otherwise, and, armed with his father's admonitions, his uncle's wise and more worldly counsel, and his own practical knowledge, he entered on the great task. In 1815 the number of furnaces at Dowlais had increased to five, making yearly 15,600 tons of iron, at a weekly average of little more than 50 tons each. In 1817 Mr. Guest married Miss Maria Rankin,a lady of Irish family, who had emigrated from Ireland durng the re- bellion of 1793. She was well connected and allied with families who hold important positions in our county to this day. Amongst these may be named Mr. Fowler. At this period, in addition to the house then occupied by Mr. Guest, and now used for offices, he held Troedyrhiw Farm, and frequently resided there until Dowlais House was built. One pleasing anecdote is related ot his wife. She and her husband were riding to church one Sunday morning on horseback when, without a word being said, she abruptly wheeled the horse round and rode back in the direction of home. He quickly overtook her and inquired the motive for so strange a course. Josiah," she replied, I cannot go to church while so many of your own workmen are breaking the Sabbath." This inci- dent led to the discontinuance of all employment but that which was absolutely necessary. Mrs. Guest's career was brief, but happy; nine months only of wedded life, and this truly excellent lady, endowed with so many virtues, lay numbered with the dead. Her death took place on the 14th day of January, 1818, at the early age of twenty-three. This was a terrible blow. The-poetry of life seemed destroyed. Harshly had bright anticipations and hopes been shattered; Mr. Guest bore it like a philo- sopher. He plunged with keener zest into trade, and tried to drown his sorrow in its whirl and turmoil. Thenceforth we find him assiduously employed in developing the mineral resources of the Dowlais Estate. The field was a fine one. The coal cropped out on the mountain side, and could be worked at less cost than in any other part of the district. The ores were good and the rental insignificant. Never was there a fairer scope for a persevering, able man, and Mr. Guest soon proved that he was competent for the work before him. To us, reviewing bis life, it seems easy to pen the chronicle of progress, to note the stages taken bv the Dowlais Works in their advance from comparative insignificance to their greatest magnitude, but it was thoroughly exhaustive work, both physi- cally and mentally, for the founder, and many years had to pass by before the fruits of his labour were visible to the world. In 1815 JEl promissory notes were issued at Dowlais. Furnaces Nos. 6, 7, and 8 were built in 1822, No. 10 was erected in 1823, and by that time the average yield of each furnace was increased to 60 tons, the whole producing in that year 22,287 tons. In 1823 he opened a bank at Cardiff, managed by a Mr. Dore, and issued £1 notes, thriving well in his new capacity of a banker, until that exciting era of commercial disasters, 1825. He saw the storm brooding and hurried up to consult his London agents, Messrs. Roberts and Company, who met his application for aid with a blank refusal. Instead of gold they wished to give him advice, which he as decidedly rejected, and, taking his hat, withdrew, and closed all connection with the firm. By dint of great exertion he gathered funds, and returning to Cardiff, was just in time to meet the great run on the bank. This was manfully met, and he had the happiness to know that thousands were saved from ruin by his foresight. From that date Messrs. Glyn and Co. became his London bankers. In 1825 he entered Parliament for Honiton, as a moderate Conservative. Honiton was then looked upon as a close borough, and it is generally believed that he was indebted for his lie at to a London club, and to the energies of Meyrick and other Merthyr men, who went from there to assist him in this, his first contest for Parliamentary honours. Mr. Guest was subse- quently returned for the same place, but at the election of 1831 he was opposed by Sir G. War- rander, and defeated. In March, 1832, Merthyr was enfranchised, and in December of that year Mr. Guest was returned to Parliament for his native borough, when he signalled his election by giving £500 away in clothing and blankets for the poor. What he did in and out of Parliament must form the subject of our concluding article.

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