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j HE" H.B.E. THE 4 t)A*, cmv I AJS'D TTEWITT'S K "0SIgivat j) and CELEBRATED j Ai^nrANl) cal^^G REMEDIES, j «<G UTELY i^dispexsable. J l?r prostrated COWB $••p"' C°lif> » Ur °r Diarrhoea, Debility, 1 brencw7- ?0e- ?0s- Per doz- J H°UN'RI fevers PB;N ?,leansm^ Cows and Df^d.. &c • ^hllls- Red Water. Hide- {"Sfr ss. i Sn^SriSn^RACTr for anointing J ^Wn £ ne- For £ raining, and Preventing » 1»»>2s. fii611 tldder- ^'n<ls of Wounds, jf "n -7jS. 6d a'ni^ k^ore Teats.—Price, It GA''S^ODY3STp;?f S'T per bottle. ex^oo or Heaving and Paining. bottf3 nervn^ pain instantly, and ie. oua system.—Price 3s. 6d. per &L'LPLED STJCCESS OF U SON, AND 11 E W I T T'S ltS:c'o^IrKG CHESTS, Carriage Paid, 30s. and £ 3 3s. i ^rite f ^0"X"^T Pamphlot and full details:— 3 a^imal medicine j 22 nnr, FACTORY, J ^SET-STEEET, LONDON, W. ] w. Established 1333. L1977 If ■\y ° T5URE CEEDS t'ntt DIATE SOWING. ^^5^earliest PEAS! ^j^j^gGlANT WONDER BEANS PERFECTION CELERY RESS CUCUMBER PROLIFIC TOMATO N LIST OF VEGETABLE 3 £ <>. lt ?EEDS wiU be sent Gratis and ^erai ftetiM K^?nses aU the choicest and Use, D0th for exhibition and for C. IIEELER AND SON, SEED GROWERS, OLOUCESTER. C2094
j>u ^%irRa - Tr T° CORRESPONDENTS.
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Sd»*ieV j' KTOl" v iVc^ • GLOUCESTERSHIRE. j>u ^%irRa Tr T° CORRESPONDENTS. *Coiu Pelton and "R. D.See ^4>na of QRtlssue- nnt 8eed«—Tim." "G. E. and ^ber for ln Pr«*nt issue. p £ »> in.ytr7,„illc'0w Box.—H. S. Ashton.— on 10ns in to-day's paper. and Grafting.—Lewis h? BaltJt of Budding and Grafting," CroaK* suit you. It is pub- Lockwood, and Son. 7, h$lk o t0Urt, London, E.C.; price, ^>titm Jv?„*0r Calves, &c.—"Cymro."— tL;' y3 W^en c10Jvalent is an excellent food Cf 0f> holiv is Bcarce. You should t> r thtQ SttpjL ?!ee3 as soon as possible, but iSfeX*?'IIanted ratliet liue 'hat fit fL9, He^glas Mixture.—"Inquirer."—I T zinc bucket to mix up any NwJVS?1en l0" may prove injurious. One •listi :1 nvr's use may be used to mix >?' of^ture, but the best is a Jn^He „ tetter still, an earthenware fo>.lltVu v ?>U'rHin18 a. /or Hatching.—Jenny ^Uv 6 Hr,rt?- take to use very small eggs ^e chicks from such eep^ aitr, at- Srst, and this they gene- a^ogether. The breeds that lay 'lv.vtciSL^t'on1 ,nerally small fowls, and the "l1 *P« ri5' ^nri ar?e hens should be used in "vc- ever set- B?re Omitted to be Planted.— tT^°Uid plant them at oncc. with a stick about three y,e Sii tl?P the bulbs in, and pla-ce a then the soil. They will Tha T)]^ and the blooms will not y would have been if they "all t^le right time. j?6 "Vale of Mowbray."—I T^Uih I JV' identify the plant you i thiVi V; 0 DM vine" from the seeds you h }^e; know of a plant called the frit, ^6 8 DiyA: mtlst have another name. 5V K«ai>y a Bignonia. Can you to* to ,6 3KT 14rtner particnlars of it, when ai6 to spiv« you more information ? adaptability for growing in t,v<ia -Wes underneath fruit Trees to Nt^°" rr-e Forma.tion of Top Roots.— • Liverpool).—I quite approve of your tiles under the fruit trees to pre- i*o & hni0ots from descending too deeply. two feet deeP- Pat one of the r,V^ 4,°f R^^are tiles in the centre, place six h! tii °\er it( and tllen Plant the tree "cv5' Wl11 Prevent the formation fjf roots and benefit the tree very l&e to^^oes in Frames.—J. E. House. *]% »?.e of ° Plants into eight-inch pot3. %g ♦ turn i? ln ^^l1 corner of the frame. tK^fa ^ardH are front corners 14ed06 Those in the top ^hj V ^one +r> e ^ied to the back wall, and th, C of I° °PP°site corners. This is the A f in a fif^E0Smg them to the sunshine fra 11 It!. anv and they fruit more freely A lof the ?^her st>'lfe- You can use the o^Mth. 0 frame for other plants. °nt Ear-—A. Scott.—Make a lotion J^°ak carbolic acid to seventy of *ith ear with this, and wash it U th. Hr,^ .water in two hours; then lb' 4flv of hellebore and iPn Sfrt f1!! sup?ly Feed '.h^l M^sh but there is no objection St^ce L drn^r r,ec'eives- A tonic in the ^ater m- ° Liqixid arsenic to one jQH. Biven m a bottle—a tea- ac" day—will improve its con- L'14,,4 I alld Pea sh-iafff1 ? trom Seed—" Ralph."—I 1^3 ^ayini +t kept tlU il 15 011 the IC OUT ^EN CUT IFC °PEN AND PICK ,^ere" r>«ii ttle1 fruit was rotten when lit{,gJ5ly decav 6ited tIlejr would most likely 'W'ho^, ,and many of them would ^ni^aw sand ? taken out place them in a Vj1 ia A'HTJI ?^,w t^lem in finely worked befor« fl; They will grow about one *1) toe autumn, and if they come vV^Qh ,°re roo^f ^bonld be transplanted and V tU°r next winter. 6a Y Piece of Garden.-W. J. Coles. 'UfA J'1'- by 3ft. in your garden does »^o> °^top?' VeT few crops will succeed Crop TvTr°uld °n!y give you a very ?HriV> it i« ,verF best thing you can 9h t?f the ? Plant red currants at the „^e thrJ%nce- and train them np it, ^1(W5 <1 plant et sPace plant gooseberries. %)*+ PerfpnM a.d°zen in it. Both of these l» ln constant shade. I do not M&si a e s? that qan be grown profit- th ,Position. tlj* leu'U do a Frame.—"Moor Top." i^ce in e right to plant early radish >u?'0Ur frame as a first crop, and As +Z succeeded by cucumbers in tl¡ ()t Ðletf winter crops in frames, they tV* ca i8 tnu«K Tile best 1 can suggest your ^th^-loartJ °?ms. If you ian get two or ChA intT5 horse-droppings in October, 'ir, stJefy frame when warm. Make 'll« nn. Insert some spawn, _and by »5tibl p or two months afterwa'ras you fo constant supply of mushrooms. \F^ayey Soil. Plums Amongst K7*y ft" —There are no varieties of a^°il. v succeed better than others in Vs d2.^ frn °ne wiH do in Pure clay, but all Vw. T, ln a moderately clayey soil if 't» el} i arp, ^raed over and manured before ^ili< v £ K? 3- «r»o n,ted- The Blasdon Red Plum, i harrtCla favourite of mine, owing to inV a uy character and exceeding fer- Jts,Aa.h ^not, 'j °ne to Plant amongst apple caops, 18 occupying such a position and it fruit3 and ripens per- Onions in Window, &c.—"Great '•0t iftNt nt plan been tried by t?0ri'o^t suj^ever with success. The position 4 Knr. m- If you nailed four boards %?* ^°;are> Put them on a piece of very V? tlle onion teed, and then WITH elass BO as to form a C onion plants would be some Ky inline- ,'nan if sown in the open. Let a vi- ry tree grow till it fruits. It iasavery acceptable variety. Give the Tfj 'Pa'ce and better soil, and they er. In de shoots and nice plants this 5lant3» Seeds» &c.—"Armley." V^fc?erent k names of those where T Productions I recommend are V^UvJ'^at T2 these days, when it is so well ^iffc Qf it jt T^rtising is a most remunerative nil business of sellers to make in P^06- I know, however, it is most re tplaces to get many good tha* al true. Many correspondents Vi??t i ^bey have tried and tried, and So riu ln getting the right sorts. This preappointing that if any so situated V**1 'U nf an addressed envelope, with a ^?at tbey require, I will inform ^6 Cjt ey can be obtained advan- Sheep Manure Coilected from lujurious to Crops?—"Game- V^ & of ?„are very fortunate in having a m,and sheep manure to go into boi-nF f fact of its being under fir I tIteeOf the foliage having fallen off Cn?r '-be manure, will not make it tJQjj ^tr^ P3 coming in contact with it; on IvMW^.Uci v- the fir spines will benefit your V*?1 a j ground, as they contain some ^errw lbis will prevent the worms wktp^^clj p^ns to" eat the roots. They will J?8 anrt' ,i u can use the manure for t'he s.a tT°P3. Lime should never be „ jl;ae time as manure, but soot is ^lid to it, as-it is a good fer- (rV^e f 8mb destroyer. l, ^ew Allotment Ground.—"G. A." iUrniri0w &°°d the grass field was before a over and converted into allot- ments, the grass that was buried will not be manure enough for any crops of vegetables, and as tha sooner the ground is made into a iully productive condition the better, I advise you 6 give it a good dressing of stable manure 'before planting the crop. It will pay you well to do this. The Stourbridge Giory and Gloucestershire Kidney potatoes will both bear excellently in such ground. I am very pleased that your new allotment society numbers 200 members. All will find the cultivation of the soil agree with them to a surprising extent in the summer time. As to peas, they, too, will succeed in your ground. Try Webb's Wordsley Wonder. It is robust and prolific in the ex- treme. Other replies next week. Inferior Pears.BBeches. "-Probably the variety is a stewing pear, and not a dessert limit. If it is the' latter, grafting another kind on to it would not produce high-class fruit. The mischief is at the root. Root pruning is the remedy. Dig a trench round the tree at a distance of two feet from the stem. Make the trench about two feet wide and three feet deep or more. Cut all the roots off that are met with in going down. Dig under the roots as tauch as possible at a depth of three feet or so as there are sure to be some top roots ffoine straight down. It is these that cause the fruit to be inferior. Fill up the trench with the best soil obtainable. Ram it in very firm, and a quantity of rootlets will soon form, which will both improve the tree and the crop. If you prefer grafting it, cut all the branches off at a distance of six inches from the main stem. and graft on the stumps. It is better to begin with a new head than retain part of the old one. Duck Eggs Fertile.—Robert Arnold.—As the drake has been three weeks with the ducks, you may safely set the eggs now. You have done quite right to go in for the Aylesburys. Bee Hive Upset by Storm.—"Constant [ Reader."—It is unfortunate that the hive was blown over and all the combs broken and mixed up with the bees. All who have bees should put a strong peg on each side of each box, and tie a piece of cord or wire from the pegs over the top of the box in winter. The wl combs cannot be repaired. When the better weather comes the bees will patch them np. but they will be all crooked, and you will be unable to extract the honey from them, as is readily done when the combs are straight. The best way will be to let the bees remain a-i they are until early in April, and then drive them from the broken combs into another box, where they can form proper combs and store the honey in a convenient way. The smashed combs will be useless. They should be cleared out. and then the box can be used for another lot of bees.
MORE ATTENTION FOR WINDOW…
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MORE ATTENTION FOR WINDOW PLANTS. The time is now here when window plants should receive more attention. It wiU be very heneficial to them if they have been rested for the past three months. This is secured by keeping them in a low temperature, and espe- cially by withholding moisture to a conside- rable extent from the roots. Those which have been kept under conditions the reverse of these will probably be pale or yellow in the foliage, with a languid appearance; while the more dry-system ones, although not in active growth, will be quite healthy looking and show every indication of being capable of starting into robust growth. But, although I advised the plants being kept dry in the autumn, I can hardly expect that all have followed it, as many are so much afraid that the plants will be injured if not constantly saturated at the roots, and in writing now both the healthy and sickly plants must be dealt with. Do not attempt to re-pot any of them at present. That is best done later. Remove any dead leaves that may be op them.. If there are any little ends of dead wood, do no: cut them off at present. Let the young growth begin first, then remove the dead parts. If there are any dead shoots of con- siderable length, cut these back to within one inch from the live wood. The sickly plants are almost sure to be in a bad state at the roots. The drainage is generally choked, and it is this and the excessive moisture that ruin them. Turn all such plants upside down with one hand, and with the other remove the pot. Life, it up and off the ball of soil. This will expose the drainage. Keep the plant upside down still, take all the drainage off, and re- place it without disturbing the roots, then put the pot over them as before, and put the plant back in position. Ram the soil firmly down on the top. If it is possible for a plant to im- prove, this will do it. Dirty forage on all of them should be sponged, and the pots should be washed clean. This is also a help to health Put a quart of soot into a small bag with a: stone. Place this in a bucket of water. The stone will take it to the bottom and keep it there. The water will penetrate it-no easy matter-and in a day or two it will be a liquid. Remove the bag and place each of the pots in me water up to the rim. They should remain in it for half an hour. This will destroy any worms that may be in the soil, and in cases where the soil is too dry it will saturate it, and put it in a condition that young roots can enjoy. After this soaking they may not need more water for a week or so, but keep the soil nice and moist from now on. Do not expose them to cold draughts of air, but keep them fully in the light, and let them have fresh air indirectly. If the room is cool, no moisture will be needed on the wood and foliage, but if they are in a dry, warm air sprinkle a little water over them once or twice a week, as this will assist in producing new growth. These remarks apply to all kinds of window plants, whether they be flowering or foliage subjects. Ferns are also included. Where the plants are very sickly, their owners will be anxious to re-pot them, the idea being tha.t if they were put in new soil they would soon improve; but to re-pot them now would have the opposite effect gene- rally, and avoid the potting at present. Get them into a growing condition first, and then they will go on admirably when re-potted at the end of March. "COLLECTIONS" OF SEEDS. Now that seed time is at hand, several readers write asking my opinion of the "collections" that are offered by most seedsmen. They are anxious to know if it is cheaper and better to buy seeds in this manner than in single packets. One reader condemns the collections. He says he bought them for three years, and they always contained numbers of varieties he did not care to grow or of no value to him. This is a very general experience with those who buy collections, and I have never been in favour of them. In a list before me a guinea collection includes thirty-eight varieties of seeds; six of these are herbs, two of them cresses, a melon, two kinds of celery, two kinds of cresses—none of which are in very great de- mand by cottagers—and there are other things not generally grown in small gardens. No potatoes are included-surely, a great omission —so that seeds would be bought which would be of little or no use; while those really needed are only included in small quantities, or not at all. There is certainly no profit to the pur- chaser to buy collections, and, undoubtedly, the most satisfactory way of buying seeds is to procure them in such variety and quantity as the size of the garden and the taste of the garden-owner dictate. There is not the same loss in collections of flower seeds, as each variety will produce flowers of some merit; but they too often contain kinds which the grower does appreciate, while many old favourites are omitted. HARD-BOILED EGG FOR YOUNG CHICKENS. I fear the excessively wet weathen will be much against young chickens. It does not agree with any kind of stock, and the newly-hatched chickens and those not old enough to have feathered will suffer unless they have special care. Good food is one of the best safeguards against the deteriorating influences of the weather, and hard-boiled egg is one of the best materials they can possibly receive. It should be chopped up into quite small pieces, mixed with oatmeal, and given them two or three times a day. From one to two eggs a day for a dozen chicks will be found of the greatest benefit to them. They eat the egg before anything else, the yolk being considered a tit-bit by them. Some may think that eggs are a very expensive food for chickens, but if the matter be considered it is really not so. It is better to give them such than to have them puny and sickly. It is also a decided advantage to tide them successfully over periods, of bad weather, and there is no doubt whatever that they will then mature sooner, ba much larger birds for market, if so in- tended, and lay earlier than those which are in any way sickly. DESTROYING INSECTS AND CLEANING FRUIT TREES. Fortunately, there are many fruit trees quite clean and in perfect health, but there are also many which have been infested with insects of various kinds that have penetrated the bark in numerous instances and made the bark cankered and the tree quite unhealthy. Others may be sound in the bark, but have suffered from insects eatingathe foliage and injuring the fruit. There will be little or no signs of this at present, but where the insects were last summer their eggs or larvae will be harboured in the loose bark and about the fruit buds now awaiting the time when genial weather and other conditions are favourable to their existence, and where there were only a few last year there may be crowds this season. Like all vermin, fruit tree pests are always disposed to multiply, and the greater the numbers the more the destruction. It is a mistake to disregard them and think that perhaps the coming season may be against their increasing, or, indeed, their existence, as, no matter what the weather may be, if the tree is capable of producing leaves the insects will be there, and they cannot live without being injurious. Once the leaves are formed, they are afforded a protection, which places them in a very secure position, and it is most difficult to eradicate insects from fruit trees when the leaves are on. The easiest and proper time to do this is now, when the wood is fully exposed. The worst pests are scale and American blight, and I am still of opinion that paraffin oil is the only application that will destroy both. I know inventors of insecticides will not agree with me, but I will back the oil against them all, and I believe I have tried every known kind of stuff that has ever been recommended as an insecticide. Soft water is the best to mix the oil in. but washing soda dissolved in the water will answer equally well. Add one ounce of washing soda, one ounce of soft soap, and two wiueglassfula of paraffin oil to each gallon of water, and moisten the trees with the mixture. It is cheap. Do not be afraid to apply it; saturate the bark in all parts. If the trees are growing against the wall, drench the wall as well. It will kill all pests in the crevices. Do not confine the operation to the trees that you remember were injured with insects last year. Spray those which were quite clean. This will be found to be an excel- lent preventative for the coming season. Some of the best fruit growers make a practice of spraying the whole of their trees over two or three times every winter, and March is one of the best months in which to do it, as, with the improvement in the weather, insects, always so ready to come into existence, are acquiring or renewing their vitality, and the March dressing will reach and exterminate them at a time that is especially beneficial to the trees. All kinds of fruit trees and bushes should receive the attention I suggest. A STIMULANT FOR ASPARAGUS BEDS. Although the heads of asparagus do not appear above the ground until April, as a rule, the roots begin to grow and the crowns to push a considerable time before then, and wherever the beds are composed of old roots that are somewhat exhausted or young plants that are still weakly now is a good time to stimulate them. In beginning to do this sow a good sprinkling of salt over the surface of the bed. The rains will soon dissolve it and wash it to the roots. If there is a manure tank convenient for collecting the drainage of cow-sheds or stables water the bed weekly with the liquid. The ground may not be dry or seem as if it wanted water; it does not, but it needs manuring in a form that the roots will utilise at once, and liquid is the best that can be given them with this object. Many asparagus beds are composed of light, sandy soil. This is the best kind of earth for asparagus growing, and it is often introduced specially for the asparagus bed; but it is a drying material, and if March is a dry month the roots may become so dry as to be checked. An occasional saturation of liquid will obviate this. If there is no liqnid available, spread a thin layer of pricky manure over the bed, and the rain will wash its fertilising properties to I the roots. The sooner this manure is put on the better. THE END OF THE PLANTING SEASON. Although the winter has not been very severe up till now, it has not been especially mild, and there are few indications of its being an early spring. No bushes or trees have as yet commenced to swell their buds, and the roots are still inactive; but they will not remain so much longer, as, although the nights in March may be cold and frosty, the sun heat in the day time is now gaining more power, and this will induce the sap to circulate and growth to begin. As I have frequently informed correspondents, it is decidedly a disadvantage to plant any kind of bushes or trees when they reach that state, and I would urge on all who have not yet completed their planting to do so as soon as possible. I am much averse to anyone losing trees through the easily-averted cause of plant- ing too late. I have no doubt there were some who intended planting in November, and certainly before the New Year, who have not as yet done anything, and I hope such will not come to the conclusion that it is now too late or that it will be just as well to do it next winter as this one. It is not yet too late, and as for putting it off, this would be a year lost, which the most dilatory would, I feel sure, regret afterwards. These remarks are written as a reminder—the last time this spring-to all who have any forest, fruit, or ornamental trees to introduce, and it also applies to roses and all plants that form wood. KEEPING FOWLS EXTENSIVELY FOR PROFIT. There is no subject I am asked more con- stantly about than the keeping of fowls exten- sively. Apparently, all classes give the matter much consideration—men and women alike. Some are young and only beginning in the wefid; others have had extensive experience in various ways, and wish to retire, with some live stock as a pastime. Amongst the latter class, retired seamen—from captains down- wards—are frequent correspondents. I have sometimes been puzzled to understand why Jack Tar should have such an inclination for fowls. I do not think that I have satisfied myself on the point now, but probably long years of I zardous toil make them long for a quiet occupation, and this fowlrkeeping and the care of the garden furnish more fully than any other pastime that could be named. Some are anxious to know if they can make a living from fowls only; others desire to supple- ment their incomes from them. None suggest keeping them as pets, and I am glad of this, as it shows they have an idea of the useful- ness of the fowl. I never consider it as anything else but a subject which is capable of affording a profit wherever it is kept in- telligently, while as a source of amusement it is endless. If we had all our desires, I be- lieve the great majority would indulge in keeping stock extensively, but circumstances often limit the means, and may only allow of fowls, more or less. But these are more inte- resting than the inexperienced have any idea of, and I do not know of a person who once began fowl-keeping that gave it up because interest in them had ceased. Personally, it has been a hobby of mine ever since I can recollect, and, fortunately, at the present time I have a more extensive lot of fowls than I ever owned. "Poultry Farming" has furnished a subject for many writers. It has also been tried by many people. In beginning some had a perfect knowledge of fowls; others were quite ignorant of their most ordinary require- ments. Some of the former have, to my certain knowledge, succeeded, but almost every one of the latter failed. I would have been sur- prised if they had not, but I am quite averse to the view that because the inexperienced failed that poultry will not pay. If I heard from or met a person at any time who thoroughly understood fowls, and my opinion was asked as to the idea of starting a poultry farm and their chance of making a living from giving the whole of their time and attention to the poultry business, I would unhesitatingly advise them to secure a position in a good centre and begin and energetically push on; but when tLose who have had little experience with fowls wish to invest most of their money and give up the greater part of their time to poultry I cannot agree to their suggestions, much as I would like to do so. I can, however, I think, put them in the way of attaining their desires, and I advise all such not to incur responsibilities by taking a house and several acres of land and furnish it with a lot of superfluous houses and runs and hosts of fowls, superfluous houses and runs and hosts of fowls, as many have done, to their regret, but let them begin with two or three dozen fowls, do their best to learn their requirements, give practical attention to hatching and rearing, and later on to the fattening and disposal of the produce, and by the end of the first year knowledge will have been attained that will at once warrant anyone to go in for fowls on an extensive scale. I will venture to assert that the twelve months' experience will not have reduced the desire to follow up the matter. All the pleasure that fowl-keeping affords will be experienced during the first year, but the profits and retnrns will be greater after that as the stock increases. I am daily at the service of all who write to me on such matters, and I find the desire to keep fowls so general and universal that the matter will have unvarying up-to-date attention. I am fully confident no one can make a mistake in treating poultry as a profitable industry, as tha demand for eggs and fowls is greatly in excess of the supplies, and as the latter increase th-3 former expands. One's income may also be considerably augmented by the cultivation of fruits, flowers, and vegetables, and bees and a cow c r two and some pigs are all worth the attention of those who are qualified, or can qualify themselves, to- devote the whole of their time to such subjects. CULTIVATION OF CHERRIES. I am sure it must occur to many as being odd that cherries are not more grown. In many countries there are hardly any cherry trees to be found, and, with few excep- tions, where they are grown it is only in limited numbers. The cherry is perfectly hardy, and succeeds in all parts. Few fruit trees produce such a wealth of blossom, and none are more beautiful when in flower. The crop is generally a very sure one and produce in abundance, while the fruit when ripe is much valued and appreciated by all, both for dessert and preserving. Many are only acquainted with cherries from seeing or buying them in the shops. These are imported early in the season, and later chiefly from Kent and one or two other counties, but from the long journey and other causes all such fruit is much inferior, both in appearance and flavour, to home-grown fruit, and as the cherry is so much liked I hope it will be more grown. It bears heavily in quite a small state, and when large enormously. Some kinds attain the greatest perfection on a wall, but excellent fruit may be secured from bush or standard trees in the kitchen garden. The best varieties to grow as bushes are May Duke, Black Eagle (which ripen in July), and Bigarreau and Black Tartarian, which are ready in Sep- tember. These are all excellently-flavoured cherries, and no one would make a mistake in growing one or two or the four. If planted in an orchard, they should have stems five or six feet in length, but if in a garden a dwarf bush form may be introduced. These are really the best, as they can be more readily netted from the birds when ripe. Like all fruit trees, cherries should be planted while quite dormant in winter. A somewhat stiff and not over-rich soil suits them best. If over- manured, they make superfluous wood. A soil containing lime always suits cherries, as it does all stone fruits. 4 NOT IN FAVOUR OF CAULIFLOWER. The cauliflower is a very old vegetable, but it is not a very easily grown crop. It is exceedingly liable to be affected with grubs, both at the roots' and tops. Caterpillars are very fond of it. They often eat and perforate the leaves before the heads form, and all kinds of grabs eat the roots. There is no vegetabi, shown in worse conditiii. at shows, and I know from experience none are more difficult to get up for that purpose. When they are large and clean they are a telling dish, but they are rarely found in that form., One may plant them and have them growing quite nicely fo-* a time, then one after another becomes yellow in the foliage, droops, and dies.By the time they ought to be heading there is frequently not one left, or only an odd plant here and there, and, in fully considering both their good points and their weak ones, I can- not advise amateurs to grow cauliflower. At best they are not a profitable crop, and the ground may very well be given up to other things that are more useful and certain of giving a return. The winter broccoli are a kind of cauliflower, both in form and flavour, but they are much more hardy and rarely fail. They are very useful, too, in becoming ready for the table at a season when there is not a great variety of vegetables available. I will write fully of broccoli when the time arrives to sow the seed. CLIMBERS FOR TOWN HOUSES. Since publishing my remarks on clothing dwellings with beautiful climbers I hear from several dwellers in towns regretting they can- not introduce such plants to ornament the ezterior of their houses in the streets, and asking if I cannot suggest a means of their growing a few climbers at least. There is one way available that has a most pleasing effect wherever I have seen it tried, and I have often wished I could see more instances of it. Where there are window boxes it is an easy matter to plant a climbing plant in each end of them, and train the shoots round the whole of the outside of the window. The window then appears in a frame of foliage and a fringe of flower if the plants used blossom. They improve the appearance of the house from the outside, is quite charming from the interior, and they give the inmates a new pleasure in training and attending to them. Some of a frugal turn of mind have grown and trained runner beans in this way; others have intro- duced the hop plant, and a very elegant climber it makes. The small-leaved Virginian creeper will cover a large space of wall if planted in a window box, but roses will not succeed in them. The honeysuckles will all grow in a box. Passiflora Constance Elliot will fringe a window in a very short time. The common ivy will do so, too, and it has the advantage of being evergreen. If permanent climbers are planted the window box should be quite sound when they are first introduced, and they should be given good soil. as a luxuriant growth is very desirable. If there are no window boxes, earthenware pots made square and about nine inches or so in diameter may be placed in each corner of the window, and a climber planted in them. The colour of these pots should be of the same hue as the walls of the house, and a neat appearance should be con- sidered. The windows of upper rooms are as easily garnished as the lower ones. Later I will have something to say on growing summer climbing annuals in the positions I now write of.
CABDIGAXSKLRE COUNTY COUNCIL.
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CABDIGAXSKLRE COUNTY COUNCIL. AN INTERESTING PRESENTATION The quarterly meeting of the Cardiganshire County Council was held at the Town-hall, Lampeter, on Thursday, Mr. J. C. Harford, Falcondale (chairman), presiding.—The Devil's Bridge having given way considerably, the surveyor was instructed to prepare plans and estimate of the cost of a new iron girder bridge. —The finance committee considered that the provisions of the Inebriates Act could be most effectively put in force if a joint reformatory could be established for all the counties of Central Wales, and the clerk was directed to communicate with the clerks of the neighbouring county councils and ascertain whether joiut action in the matter would commend itself to the several councils. -An application from the Aberayron District Council for a contribution of one-third of the cost of a new bridge over the Bran River near Cribin was referred to the main roads com- mittee, as was also a similar application from Tregaron for a new bridge over the Berwyn above Tregaron.—Saturday, March 28. was fixed upon as the date of the-parish and district council elections throughout the county.—It was decided to ask the Local Government Board to appoint an arbitrator to settle the financial dispute with reference to the asylum building fund. At one o'clock the members of the council at the invitation of the chairman (Mr. J. C. Harford). sat down to luncheon at the Black Lion Hotel, and advantage was taken of the occasion to present Mr. H. C. Fryer, the clerk, with some silver plate (consisting of a very handsome York cabinet of cutlery, given by the members of the county council, and a massive solid silver flower bowl, from the county officials) as an expression of congratulation on his recent marriage to Miss Jones-Parry and an acknowledgment of the respect which his conduct of the duties of county clerk had earntd for him. The pro- ceedings were most enthusiastic.
ALLEGED ADVERTISING FRAUDS.
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ALLEGED ADVERTISING FRAUDS. CHARGE OF FALSE PRETENCES AT LLANELLY. At Llanelly Police-court on Friday, Edwin Jones, of Westbury, Salop, was charged with false pretences. The charge arose out of transactions through an advertisement of fowls fpr sale inserted in the "Feathered World." Mr. W. Howell appeared to prose- cute, the defendant being represented by Mr. T. J. Williams.—The allegation was, that Mr. Thomas Daniells, farmer, living at Gwalia House, Tumble, had sent 30s. to defendant, with an order for fourteen fowls, but although receipt of the money had been acknowledged, the fowls were not forwarded.— The prisoner, who is well connected, being the son of a Congregational minister near Shrews- bury, pleaded not guilty.—The Bench, after a short deliberation, committed him for trial to the assizes. « A startling development took place at the conclusion of the case, the police arresting Frederick Roberts, a fowl dealer at Pontesbury (who gave evidence for the defence), on a charge of aiding and abetting. He will be brought before the magistrates this (Saturday) morning. Ro-berts- inTiis evidence admitted inserting, through Jones, the advertisement in "The Feathered World." Jones was represent- ing him, but had no fowls of his own. THE SECOND CHARGE AT LLANELLY. At Llanelly Police-court on Saturday Frede- rick Roberts, described as a fowl dealer in a large way of bnsinessat Pontsbury, Salop, was charged with aiding and abetting Edwin Jones, who now stands committed to the assizes for obtainin gmoney by false pretences. The case was in connection with the advertisement in the "Feathered World," reported in our issue of, Saturday. Roberts gave evidence "of his own free will" in the case of Jones on Friday, and immediately at the close of the proceedings the police arrested him.—He was now com- mitted, like Jones, to the assizes, which open at the end of the present week.
AN INTERESTING WELSH THAN.…
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AN INTERESTING WELSH THAN. SCRIPT. The Rev. D. O'Brien Owen, of Carnarvon, superintendent of the Calvinistic Methodist bookroom, has just become the possessor of a valuable and interesting manuscript, recently discovered at Marshlands, Llandudno. The manuscript is in the handwriting of the late Rev. Owen Jones, F.S.A. ("Meudwy Mon"), the well-known Welsh historian. The book, which is of foolscap size, contains over 500 pages of very beautiful handwriting. It contains pedigrees of the well-known Welsh families of Gwynedd and Powys, and the descendants of the fifteen Royal tribes of Wales, as well as poems in the form of "awdlau" and "cywyddau," with notes on some difficult passages in the same by the ancient Welsh bards. But probably the most valuable part of the manuscript are the results of the antiquarian researches of the late Rev. Owen Jones in various parts of the Principality.
DRY DOCK ENTERPRISE AT CARDIFF.
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DRY DOCK ENTERPRISE AT CARDIFF. It was announced by Sir John Gunn at the annual meeting of the Mount Stuart Dry Dock Company on Friday that plans were being pre- pared for a new dock, for the construction of vhieh the uncalled capital of £10 per share (£40 has been paid out of L50) would be required during the year. From inquiries made subse- quent to the meeting we gather that the neces- sarv land for the* new dock, which lies to the west of the existing works, has been in the possession of the company for home time. The new dock will he 550ft. long in the clear and 70ft. wide at the gates, these dimensions being sufficient for the largest steamers trading to Cardiff. New ship-repairing smithies and machinery sheds will also be erected. It will be seen by a reference to our financial columns that the L40 paid shares, which stood at 82 before the meeting, were dealt in at 85 imme- diately afterwards. A re-arrangement of the capital is promised.
HOW TO TAKE OUT PATENTS.
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HOW TO TAKE OUT PATENTS. Many useful and novel appliances are from time to time devised which are r.at turned to practical account owing to want of knnwtedge on the part of inventors as to how to patent their inventions. We constantly receive letters asking our advice, and, with a view to affording information as to costa and m ot procedure in applying foe provisional protection a patents and registered dneigns or t-ade marks we have made arrangements accordingly. Any of our readers who desire such iniorsnaiioa should send a. stamped envelope, enclosed to the Patent Editor, "Western "faiL" Cardiff, by whom it will be handed to a thoroughly trustwortay and experienced patent agent, who will reply fully to our oorrespandenu; w M interview can be arrange'1 on —'irmy a few bows' ttttMt.
HALF-YEARLY MEETINGS,
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HALF-YEARLY MEETINGS, THE LONDON AND NORTH WESTERN RAILWAY. The ordinary half-yearly meeting of the Lon- don and North Western Railway Company took place on Friday at Euston, Lord Stalbridgo (chairman) presiding-The Chairman remarked that the accounts for the past half-year had turned out very satisfactorily, and that one important announcement which had been made was the slight increase of J in the dividend. That brought it, up to the same rate as it was last year How long such a good dividend would last it waS not possible to fore- cast. The price of labour and of materials of all kinds used by the company were- rising very rapidly. At the same time, it was a. consola- I tion to think that, when materials and labour were at a high price, the prosperity of the country increased too, and they never did so well as in the time cf high prices. Working men had more money to spend, and he was glad to say that they utilised it in travelling instead of in beer—'hear, hear)-to a great extent. With respect to the first-class pas- sengers, there had been a diminution, both in the number carried and in the receipts. But as showing what could be done with figures, he was prepared to turn that into an increase. (Hear, hear.) If he deducted the first-class season tickets, and gave them an average number of journeys, there would result an in- crease in the number of first-class journeys over last year. In the scenod-class there had been a very notable increase, 47?..647 more pas- sengers having been carried, with an increase of £ 57,283. In the third-class there had been 1,315.506 more passengers, giving, in money, £ 26.205. Of season tickets there were 2,700 more in number, and E6,843 more in monev. That made a net increase of LP7275. There was all increase in parcels of £ 9.419, mails C2,810, merchandise goods £ 88.867, minerals £ 51.585, the increase in tonnage merchandise and minerals combinedi being 74,353 tons. There was a decrease in live stock carried owing to the depressed state of agriculture, and the remarkable decrease in the number of sheep and pigs from Ireland. This made the increase £ 239,975, added to which were increased rents, LI.516, so the total in- crease was £ 241,491. Against this the ex- penses were more by E167,379, which, with addi- tions. made £ 191.787 to be deducted from the X241,491 increase, leaving to the good £ 49 704. With respect to expenses, he pointed out that maintenance showed an increase of £ 38.166. a good deal being owing to the fact tha.t they had re-laid twenty-one more miles in the past half-year than in 1897. In locomotive power there had been an increase of mileage of over one million-miles, they had renewed 121 more wagons, the total increase in working expenses amounting to zCl67,379, of which the increase in salaries and wage: was £ 80,407. He next referred to the Parliamentary powers which the company are seeking, including the pro- posal to make a railway from Wolverhampton to Cannock, which was in accordance with the pledge to Parliament, and which promised to be a profitable line, going to the middle of an unexplored coal district. The railway in Anglesey trom the Holland Arms to Red Wharf Bay would, he hoped, open up a new seaside resort. It was a very pretty part of the country, and one which required additional accommodation. He concluded by moving the report, which proposed a dividend at the rate of 8 per cent. Per annum, and which was seconded by Mr. Bickersteth.—Several questions were raised by shareholders.—Mr. Weir spoke of light rail- ways, and asked if the zone system had been considered.—Mr. Beavis complained of the management, objected to second-class car- riages, and thought the staff should be paid by results—Mr. Buckstone thought the em- ployes should participate in the profits after 10 per cent. had been paid, and complained of the removal of a Mr. Mawbey from Man- chester.—Other points were also raised, and the Chairman replied to them as a whole. He said that the question of com- munication between the passengers and the guard and driver was under the con- sideration of the Clearing House. With respect to light railways the policy of the company was not to make them themselves, but to give facilities to others. As to. the zone system the company were fully aware of it and were awaiting the result now being made with it on the North Eastern. In regard to second-class passengers, so long as they had 12,000,000 a year, it was clear this accommoda- tion was required. (Hear, hear.) In connec- tion with the .profit-sharing proposal, he said they had considered Mr. Livesey's plan, but had found that so far it would not be suitable for railway purposes. As to Mr. Buckstone's suggestion about giving the staff a share after a dividend of 10 per cent. was paid, when that time arrived the proposal might be considered. (Laughter.) As to the point raised in regard to Mr. Mawbey, he said that the question ol dealing with the officers from the highest to the lowest must be left to the directors. All the people in the service of the company were treated with fairness and kindness. (Hear, hear.) The report was then put and adopted, and the meeting shortly afterwards terminated.
MIDLAND RIIILWAY COMPANY.
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MIDLAND RIIILWAY COM- PANY. The half-yearly meeting of the Midland Rail- way Company was held at Derby Station on Friday afternoon. Sir Ernest Paget (chairman; presiding. There was a crowded room of shareholders.—The Chairman, in moving the adoption of the report, said the Heysham Harbour works were progressing satisfactorily. A Bill was before Parliament this session for entering into an agreement with the Midland and South Western Railway Company wh.ch now met the Midland at Cheltenham. The great object the Midland had in coming to an arrangement for a new line was to get access to Southampton. Dealing with the proposed issue of new stock to the extent of £ 3,600,000, he said the directors could not accede to tne demand that the preferred ordinary share- holders should get allotment at the same price as the deferred, because the latter had to bear the brunt of any adversity which might befall earning powers. The London terminus traffio wa-s a continued difficulty, and the board could not at present see their wav to meet- it; but he hoped an electric railway would make its appearance in North London, and thus relieve the Midland Company's difficulty. The chair- man made an interesting statement as to recent ordering of engines. In December. 1897 they gave orders for 170 in England, and the first delivery was -to have been in July, 1898. By now they were to have had 48 of these engines, but, as a matter of fact. they had not one. ("Oh!") The last English order was given in December, 1898, and the first engine under that would not come in till May, 1900. In this condition of things the directors felt at liberty to get tenders from two American engineering firms; and in one case they had the offer of ten engines in ten weeks, and ten others were to be shipped in four months from the date of reception of order. He considered these facts were a justification for the step the board had taken, however wishful they might be to support home trade. (Hear, hear.) Moreover, they had doubled their orders to one of the American firms. He then gave figures showing the increases in income from various sources. On the other hand, there had been an increase in working expenses. The Well- ingborough accident was an expensive inci- dent to the company in the past half-year, and the Workmen's Compensation Act had cost in the first-six months L4,5004 but that was not a fixed sum.—Mr. Heygate seconded the adoption of the report.—Afterwards the dividends were declared at the rate of 31 per cent. on the ordi- nary stock of the company and on the other stocks at fixed rates.—The meeting, having sub- sequently become special, approved of several Bills in Parliament.
BRECON AND MERTHYR ic ,IRAILvfAl.…
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BRECON AND MERTHYR ic RAILvfAl. The seventy-ninth ordinary meeting of the Brecon and Merthyr Railway Com- pany was held on Friday at Palmerston- buildings, Old Broad-street, London.— Mr. H. F. Slattery, who presided, in moving the adop- tion of the report said the past year bad been a disastrous one for the railways in their dis- trict, and, although the colliers returned to work on September 1. the traffic during the remainder of the half-year never reached its normal condition, and they were still feeling the effects of the strike in the want of ships at Newport. The gross receipts showed a decrease of £8,131. The amount available for distribution was jE8,787, sufficient to pay the first charges and the dividend on the "A" De- benture Stock, leaving a credit balance of only £ 250. The interest on the 'B" Debenture Stock thus in arrear amounted to £ 21,212, which, with the immediate prospects of the company, must take a considerable time to clear off. He used the words "immediate prospects'' advisedly, for until the new Barry line was con- structed and connected with their own they could not look for any appreciable increase in their receipts. Accordingly they thought that, as the present position was due to quite excep- tional circumstances, which were not likely to recur for many years, if at all, it should be faoed and dealt with as such, so that the com- pany might not be hampered in its future operations. The board, therefore, recom- mended that the 4 per cent. interest be liqui- dated by the issue of "B" Debenture Stock, to form part and rank pari passu with the exist- ing stock, and they did not think that there would be any difficulty in obtaining the sanction of the court, especially as there was every prospect of the full interest on this class, of stock being earned in the current half. year. That was indicated to some extent by the fact that last week for the first time they had an increase in the receipts of JE132. He trusted that would continue. The pror d consolidation would. of course, be of great advantage to the preference-holders, for so long as then remained any arrears of interest on the "B" Stock the preference-holders could not hope for a, dividend. The proposal that the existing seven classes of 5 per cent. stock be consolidated into four classes of 4 per cent. would simplify matters very much, and enable the stocks to be more readily dealt in, conse- quently enhancing their value, especially in the event of the Stock Exchange granting a quota- tion. He need hardly remind them of the rela- tive greater value of 4 per cent. stocks as against 5 per cent., and in the event of their being approached with a view of absorption they would be in a better position to treat for the sale of the line. The scheme would shortly be in the hands of the shareholders, and they could judge for themselves. He would like to take that opportunity to correct a misappre- hension which appeared to exist with regard to his remarks at the last meeting on the subject of the probable in- crease of traffic from new pits. He was reported to have stated that such increase would result in doubling the com- pany's income. Now, it was obvious to any thoughtful person that that was impossible, at least from the sources of traffic at pre- sent in sight, although they could not say what new sources of income might follow the contemplated connection with the Barry Company. What he alluded to was the expected doubling of the tonnage when the new pits were opened. For obvious reasons a doubling of the income could not be expected, as the coal destined for Penarth, Cardiff, and Barry would not give to the company the same return per ton as that which went to Newport, their proportion of mileage to those ports being so much less than to Newport. A fair quantity of coal was now passing over their line from the two new pits of the Tredegar Iron and Coal Company, but so far they had been somewhat shorthanded. and to remedy this had arranged with the Erecon Company for running a colliers' train to serve those pits. This train commenccd running on the 14th inst. The output for December was 8.230 tons and for January 10.898 tons. He found this included coke, so that the output of coal would be somewhat less than the figures he had given. At the same time, the owners of those new pits looked forward at no distant period to an output of 1,500 tons a day. The sinking of the new Powell Duffryn pits was proceeding satisfac- torily. He understood that they had got down to 2S7 yards and 257 yards respectively. The total depth was to be 640 yards. The Pont- ypridd, Caerphilly, and Newport Company gave notice some time ago of their inten- tion to cease running passenger trains between Newport and Pontypridd, and, as those trains ran over the Brecon line between Bassuleg Junction and Caerphilly, the Brecon Company had suffered through their discon- tinuance. He was g'ad to say, however, that the Great Western Company had arranged to continue the service, and were doing so at the present time. He was very glad to see the Great Western Company taking an interest i .1 any portion of the Brecon s nd Merthyr Rail- way. (Hear, hear.) Mr. W. Bailey Hawkins seconded the motion. Mr. H. J. Pillinger (Newport) congratulated the board on their efforts on behalf of the com- pany, and deplored the fact that the strike occurred at a time when they had begun to make the accounts look so satisfactory. The Chairman, replying to questions, said the necessary steps for making connections with the Barry would be taken at once. The motion was carried, and after some formal business fee meeting ended.
KHOXDDA AND SWANSEA BAY RAILWAY,
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KHOXDDA AND SWANSEA BAY RAILWAY, STORMY MEETING OF THE SHARE HOLDERS. There was an unusually large attendance of shareholders of the Rhondda and Swansea Day P Railway at the fourteenth annual meeting at Swansea on Saturday afternoon, in conse- quence of an expected scene. The seat of one or other of the retiring directors (Messrs. Thomas Freeman and C. L. Bath) was chal- lenger by Mr. Livesey, an Irish railway manager, who had issued a circular of strong criticism of the management, and had asked for proxies in his favour. He had secured large support amongst the disappointed ordi- nary share holders in the company, who were once more in the position of receiving no divi- dend. Mr. Morgan B. Williams (chairman) pre- sided, and there was a full board of directors and a very large attendance of shareholders present. At the outset Mr. Livesey rose and asked that the proper seal of the company should be affixed to the register of. shareholders. It was totally irregular to- use an impression from the seal. The Chairman said the seal was a rather big thing, but on a resolution being proposed by Mr. Livesey that the proper seal be used it was at once carried.. The Chairman then proceeded to move the adoption of the report, which has already been published in our columns, and in doing so endeavoured to raise the confidence of the shareholders in the undertaking, descanting upon the prospects of the Cefn Valley, hich contain over 600 million tons of workable coal. The opening of even one or two large collieries in that district (which must come) would go « long way towards paying a dividend on the ordinary stock. Alluding to the Port Talbot Dock's competition, he said that doubtless Port Talbot would greatly benefit by its nearness to the coalfield, but he thought some portion of the coal from the district opened up by that railway would pass over their line to Swansea. There was ample room for both concerns, and they were anxious to cultivate friendly rela- tions with each other. Mr. Williams concluded by a careful explanation of the report, and by stating that the circular issued by Mr. Livesey was a "misleading one." This was resented by a shareholder, and the Chairman said he would not then criticise it. Mr. Freeman seconded. Mr. Livesey then arose amid loud and vigorous cheers. He paid a compliment to the chairman as being thoroughly experienced in railway work. He had only one fault to find with the other directors—they were not expert railway men, and had to rely on their officers, who had not, in his opinion, the experience railway men, and had to rely on their officers, who had not, in his opinion, the experience they should have. He had pointed out in the circular which he had issued that the traffic had increased up to July last £ 2,000; but the working expenses to earn it had increased over E3,000. The same thing would continue unless something was done. Mr. Livesey declared that there was a far greater number of men paid wages on the line than was neces- sary. They had eighteen engine-drivers, eighteen firemen, and sixteen cleaners, hereas, in his opinion, the -work could be done by ten or twelve of each. Their engine-shed at Dany- graig was a magnificent monument of some- body's generosity, at the expense of the share- holders. and cost E25.Coo, whereas £ 5,000 would have been ample. It would accommodate 50 to 56 engines, whereas they only had eighteen. It was s mnly a white elephant, and it would be far better to have the money lying in the bank. The station at Neath was a disgrace to any railway company. There they had a stationmaster and porter. The latter spent his time cleaning windows. If he had had a paint-pot in his hand he might have earned his wages. (Applause.) The total expense of the secretarial department was something like £ 1,500 a year. He would undertake to say that the secretary's fiersonal work would not amount to two hours a day. The traffic manager's clerks cost only X575 a year, whereas the secretary's cost £ 1,000. Was that right? Then, could not the station be utilised for offices, instead of paying for separate build- ings? (A Voice: "Use part of the engine- sheds that are useless now," and laughter.) On his line he paid far less for various items, such as oils. The number of men employed on the line was far too large. He saw they paid four passenger guards; he could only get the names of three. There were fourteen goods guards, and the mileage gave them thirty miles per day. He could walk that. (Laughter.) The speaker criticised a number of other items in the same way. There were 44 men employed on the permanent way; the London and North Western average would make only 35 necessary, which meant a saving of L600 a year. Since the last meeting those who objected to his remarks had inspired letters to the papers and had set marked copies to his own directors. His directors had con- demned that as a dirty, shabby trick. The Donegal paper, which had done similarly, was not read by fifty people, and took that side because he refused them a pass over his line. His was not a "light railway in Donegal" it was a railway in every sense of the word. and they had been complimented by the manager of the Midland Railway on their splendid rail- way. The Chairman, replying to Mr. Livesey's strictures, amid some excitement, said the line which lie (Mr. Livesey) managed might be called a toy line. It was a line of 3ft. gauge, sub- sidised by the Government, and passing through one of the poorest districts in Ireland. There were no passenger trains, because pas-engers were sent by coal trains in a happy-go-lucky sort of way. Its total traffic was 30,000 tons a year. Theirs exceeded a million—or thirty times as much. Mr. Williams said their working expenses were 50 to 55 per cent.; those of Mr Livesey's line 68 per cent. Mr. Williams read a humorous quotation from the "Westminster Gazette describing the tour of a passenger on Mr. Livesey's railway and how he must be very commonplace-looking if he was not remembered by one person (the guard) in years afterwards. They did not want as director the manager of a starved-out, poor little railway like that. Mr. J. Roberts (Swansea) rose, and said he quite agre-ed wfth Mr. L:vesey. He was dis- gusted with the line, and his patience was finished. So far from Mr. Livesey's circular being misleading, it was the other way about. Mr. Livesey should be elected a director, else general manager of the line. Mr. T. Williams (Neath) deplored the per. sonal element in the discussion. Mr. Lively had started it. They must, at any rate, dis- agree with aspersions on the honesty of men .v they had known all their lives. They were at least gentlemen. (Applause.) He had inves- tigated the charges in the circular, and he found there was not the slightest justification for them. He said nothing against Mr. Live. say except as regards his being an expert on the subject lie criticised. He had not had
Advertising
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DANIELS BROS., Seed Growers, Norwich offer One Hundred Guineas for Compete tion during 1899, and have selected such subjects as can be easily grown by Amateurs, viz., Peas, Beans, Potatoes, Lettuce, Parsnips. Carrots, Leeks, Onions. Cucumbers, aud Tomatoes* Asters and Stocks. Before purchasing Garden Seeds send for Catalogue (post free), which gives full informa- tion as to the above Prizes, which are in addition to the very large number given by the Firm through the numerous Shows. L1980
NATIONAL MEMORIAL TO MR,,…
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NATIONAL MEMORIAL TO MR, GLADSTONE. TOWN'S MEETING AT SWANSEA. The late Mr. W. E. Gladstone was the first honorary freeman of Swansea borough, and on his visit to Singleton laid the foundation- stone of the Free Library. In calling a town's meeting for Friday in support of the move- ment for a national memorial to the deceased statesman the mayor of the borough made reference to this special connection Swansea had with the subject. The meeting took place in the Town-hall on Friday afternoon, and the attendance was large, and was representative of all political shades and religious creeds. The mayor (Mr. R. Martin) presided.-Lette.rs of apology were read from Mr. William Walters, J.P. (who contributed five guineas), Mr. Lewis Lewis (two guineas), Mr. Roger Beck (one guinea), and Dr. Elsworth (one guinea).—Mr. Slater, who followed the mayor in commending ■ the subject to the meeting, said the idea of the -o, committee was to have one memorial in each. of the four countries. In regard to Wales, there might be some little difficulty as to where it should be put-("Hear. hear," and laughter)— but the difficulty might be obviated by choosing Hawarden.—The resolution approving of the, national memorial was moved by Sir John Llewelyn, M.P., seconded by Mr. Burnie, and supported by Sir John Jones Jenkins, M.P., Chancellor Smith, and others, and carried.—The Chairman announced that z646 odd had been contributed, including ten guineas from Sir John Llewelyn, M.P.
MR. PRITCHARD MORGAN AND CHINA.
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MR. PRITCHARD MORGAN AND CHINA. STATEMENT BY THE "TIMES." It is understood (says the "Times) that the so-called Chinese concession to Mr. Pritchard. Morgan, M.P., is in reality his engagement by ■ the authorities at Peking as administrator of the mineral and mercantile resources of the province of Sze-chuan, which has a population of 70 millions and a superficial area of 166,000 square miles. Sze-chuan is, according to the opinions of Baber, Hosie, Margary, Archibald Little, and Consul Bourne (who accompanied the Blackburn Commission), the richest, most prosperous, and most peaceful of the provincea of China, the inhabitants being, it is said, highly intelligent, and, from a Chinese point of view, in the van of progress.
MERTHYR GUARDIANS.
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MERTHYR GUARDIANS. The ordinary weekly meeting of the Merthyr Board of Guardians was held on Saturday, Mr. D. F. Davies, J.P., chairman, presiding.—The Clerk asked for a cheque for £100 on account of the costs of the action of the Powell Duffryn Company against the board, which was put down for trial on Tues- day. Counsels' fees, he said, would have to be paid, and the board were taking up a large number of witnesses, whose expenses would have to be mft.-A cheque was drawn accordingly. —The house management committee reported upon their investigation into certain allegations made in reference to the recent burial of a pauper, named Harris, at Dowlais, and stated that they were of opinion the newspaper re- ports were rather exaggerated, and there was not much to complain-of in the matter. How- ever, they recommended that the contractor should be informed that, in the case of the funeral of outdoor paupers, it was his duty to make the necessary arrangements as to the opening of the grave and the time of inter- ment.—Mr. F. T. Bircham. Poor-law inspector, suggested to the guardians that they should take into consideration the advisability of ap- pointing an additional relieving officer, who should reside somewhere in the neighbourhood of Quakers' Yard or Treharris. He also sug- gested that in cases where men deserted their wives and families, and left them chargeable to the union, the board should-advertise offer- ing a reward for their apprehension; and, further, that they should go into the question of extending the accommodation provided at the Aberdare schools.—The board decided to meet in committee for the purpose of dealing with the suggestions.
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KHOXDDA AND SWANSEA BAY RAILWAY,
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experience in a colliery district. He -was manager of a little toy railway twelve miles long at Dinas Mawddwy, in "North Wales. Then he became manager of the Donegal Railway, a more important Two or three shareholders rose, amid excite- ment, and argued that this was not gorma;ne i to the issue, and was wasting time. i Mr. Williams, continuing, said that after four I years Mr. L-vesey paid a dividend.- Now, Mr.$ Livesey ought to have told them that in 1892—.« two years before it was paid-there was a4i amalgamation of two lines there. j, Mr. Livesey: I was manager of both to- faci, litate the transfer, and we had to get rid one board of directors tk do it. (Applausfc.) It was to economise working that we amal61a- mated. » Mr. Williams: The two railways actedj as- feeders to the Donegal, and then it paid a din- dend. But the feeders paid no dividoug -o,* their capital. Mr. Williams proceeded to cons- pare the Rhondda with similar lines--the Talr. Rhymney, Hull and Barnsley, Great Western, and London and North-Western—and con- tended that their line was the cheape-t ,woiked line of all. The Rhymney was the falr;esii-com- parison, as it had no docks. Its worjkiiys cost was 57 per cent.; theirs was 53 per nt., Did thev say the Rhymney was mismanaged by directors and had incompetent official^? The Rhondda had also earned more per train mile than any other. A Voice: What has become of the money? (Laughter.) Mr. Williams continued his defence of the railway for a considerab'e time, and at last, was greeted with such determined opposition that he was unable to procead- The Chairman said he had. never appealed for order in vain, and he hoped he should not do so now. A Voice: There is no end to him. Mr, Williams said he had listened to Mr. Livesey for an hour, and had not yet occupied half that time. Mr. John Roberts rose. and asked: Is not this gentleman paid by the directors for what he is doing now, and cannot you defend your* selves? (Applause.) The Chairman: Mr. Williams represents Lord Jersey. Mr. Williams, concluding, said one more suc- cessful colliery in the Afon Valley would make their railway a dividend-paying concern. Mr. Stevens asked if he. a large shareholder, was to be told by Mr. Livesey, who had bought 100 shares at. half-prica, that he could set things right in. an hour. Was it likely? Ought they not rat-tier to reinforce the directors in their arduous task than listen to that kind of th'ng? Mr. W. D. Thomas (Merthyr) said the directors he believed to be the "finest men in Swansea," but were they in their right place in conducting a railway? Were they to accept Mr. Williams's testimony against that of Mr. Livesey? Why, Mr. Williams knew no more about railways- than he (the speaker) did. The directors ought to give their services for nothing whilst they failed to make the railway pay. They promised it to pay when the railway was completed to Swansea. Had it paid? Then they promised it to pay when the Afon Valley was developed. Was there coal there? He had authority against it. (Laughter and cheers.) They had Mr. Bath's admission that he and Mr. Freeman knew nothing about railways till they joined that board. Suppose they tried the "general manager" idea for a year or two? Mr. Thomas (Neath) attempted to defend the directors, but was not allowed to proceed. After two or three efforts he managed to make his speech. Success was not to be gained by dis- placing an old director for the sake of a man from the North of Ireland. A Shareholder said they ought not to pass the accounts in their present state at all, .and it was evident that great excitement reigned; Mr. Livesey then rose, and said that he with. drew his candidature for the directorship. After what had fallen from the directors, he could see it would be much against their wishes and obnoxious to them. He hoped, therefore, that he would not now be proposed, as he did not feel that he could be a party to it, under all the circumstances. The resolution adopting the accounts was passed, with five or six dissentients. Sir John Jones Jenkins proposed the payment of a dividend on the preference, &c., shares,, and this and the other ordinary resolutions were afterwards passed. The proceedings lasted about three times as long as usual.