The Cambrian News and Merionethshire Standard

PouKry. DRESSING FOR SHOW. Few men would think of going out for the day without dressing up and having a goo4 wash, and the same idoa could be app 'ied to the fowl, because when it is sent out you want it to look at the best. Of course, laming u an essential part of the work for no matter how well a bird ma.y be dressed it will stand no chance if the judge cannot get a good look at it. Some birds are naturally nervous, like the Leghorn and Campine, hence require more care in th& preparation, while a Wyandotte or Olipiiigton will as a rule bo quiet right from the chicken stages and not need much trailing. W.hen these birds 2ra put in a pen and fed for a few times with any special bits, they soon settle down and will stand quiet whon anyone goes by, and this is what you want to attract the attention of the judge, for if he has a. big <1,s work he cannot spend much time over fractious birds. One very necessary point is to see that the bird is clean a<nd, though a d'Jrk<olóûred fowl may not seem dirty, it often is covered with dust which does not show until cl'jscly exam- in4pd Or pit into a alongside of anotliei- which is clean. Naturally .all white birdt must be washed fo'- though thf'y look cean and nice at home. it is the purity of others which show up the faults. Why, even thtl pen, however clean it may be, will often dirty the plumage of a white fowl, so that however careful anyone is it will be necessary to wash before each time of showing. AJ) birds are better after tho wash, for it helps the feather to nu6E out and mak<*8 the bird look larger than what it rca.y is, and yet Mus is quite legitimate dressing, and not faking. Before starting en tho iob get all the water ready and put out in the pans or tubs, whichever' .you usR. I have seen earthenware baths used. but they are net necessary and only a )uxury which few can afford. Any vessel large enough will answer, because you will not use anything in the water which would injure the pan nor yet cause trouble to the plumage. At least three pans should he used, the nrst one for washing and the other two for rining. each a litt'e cooler than th-, other- without ha'ving the last quite cold. You must, not use n.ny water too hot, but when put oui; in the pan add the soap to mak a cood lather, because you must. not put any aoap directly on the feather. Almost any pure soap win do, though gome folk use a white curd soap. and others Lux; this last will be found a" if rDtves thf dirt quickly. When the bird has been washed a few times, it will stand quite sti'l in the water, but all young "nrs must bo handled carefully, so that the feathers are not pulled out or broken. Re- member that the bird must be soaked all over and right down to the skin. which can bo done by holding tho bird pn the side and almost laying it down in the water, unless the vessel is deep enough to allow it to stand up- right. The water can come well up the neck. but not, of course, over the head, though this na.n be washed all under i'the one trouble. Should the bird be very dirty, allow the feathc-s to cop.k woll and then use a. sponge, startiRg on tha back, and rub the fea.th.-rB all the same of gi-owth, then you cannot get wrong. If only ordinary d'rt, this shou'.d soon move it, but before taking the bird out make sure that if is clean. Though not a good thing, a Iittl-3 sod:), will help to move the dirt, but too much takes ofE the lustre, and this is a valuable fsset in the show pen. For all white birds the rinse water should have a little blue in them, but only ju.t coloured, and' then only soft water must be used, o" the blue will curdle and settle in the feather, mak- in? the bird patchy. Some folk get an idea that there is something in washing which a novice cannot Hnd out, and thincs put in the water which are a secret. But this is a false idea. Many things are tried, but not with and the great secret is to) get all the dirt out and then get all the soap out. Un- Iprs t1¡c flJap is taken out thr: feather will not wptb out proporly, and looks 'shnveUed up, but t;'oRgh too much heat in drying will cause it. it is nearly always the result of soap bü:n;.{ left in the feather.

'_r Telephone—Mo. 5t. Telegrams—Hmrttey. Merchant, Aberystwyth. ww Hartley's GRAIN STORES Queen Street, ABERYSTWYTH BUYER AND SELLER OF OATS. WHEAT, BARLEY. MAIZE, FEEDING MEALS, CAKES, Etc. TOBACCO POWDER (Free of Duty since 1866). For Lice and all Skin troubles in Cattle, Hors«, Ptgs etc., for preventing F!y on and Warb!e Fly in Cattle, also for F!eM, etc. 01. Uoge, Cats, Poultry and thair neata. NOMPOtSOHOUS No risks from CHILL as by Washing. Approved by Board of Agricutt' In Tins, Is. 6d. and 3s.; also in Bulk. Also Corry's Ringworm Lotion, Equiaan Mangf Spline, Maggot Lotion, Foot Rot Lotion, etc. Manufactured by OORRY and CO., LTD., Shad Thamew. London. S-K Sold by aH Agrieuttural ChemMts. -'r NOTE MEW PMCES I I" ,[. 7jd., 1{3, 2[8, i¡-. Post 3d. RAJPDISCN' BARLEY. Chemilt, PBRTH q8nt8- wwnv. E. P. Wynne, Cbemist. Aberyatwyth; J. W. Evans, Chem.st, Handysstil; T. Jones, Chemist, Tregaron; R. Evans, Chemist, Lampeter; J. R Jones, Chemist, Newcastle Emiyn; E. Ltma Jones. Chemist, Aberayron; H. Davies, Mach- ynUeth; W. J. Evajis, New Quay; D. Jones. LJanfyUin: J. Daview. Usaybytbar. J. VEAREY, 17, Northgate Street, ABERYSTWYTH, Fresh Supplies of Vegetables, Fruit, Flowers, & Home-Grown Tomatoes, Prom our Own Gardens. FRESH EVERY MORNING ?

HINTS FOR ALLOTMENT HOLDERS.' By SPADE-WORKER. GETTING RID OF WEEDS. There are now more weed& seen on allot- ments than at any ofher season of the year. In some caaes this is no doubt due to the absence <m holiday of some of the plot- hotdera, but more often than act it is owing to the fact that the weeda were allowed tt ?o to seed earlier in the year. Early autumn ts always marked by an abnormal crop of weeds, and unless they are got rid of they will newer and seed, and next spring the ground will again be smothered. Some kinds, especially the vigorous deep-rooting ones, rob the crops of a good deal of nourishment, and, of course, they spoil the appearance of the allotment. All weeds ought now to be got rid of, not only to pre- vent seeding, but to allow the soil to be cultivated and the surface well broken up. If they are placed in a heap to decay they will be useful for putting at the bottom of pea or celery trenches next year, or for making a bed for vegetable marrows, thua saving an expenditure on manure. ASSISTING LATS CROPS. A great deal can be done even now in the way of helping late or backward crops of certain vegetables, and thus ensure a heavier yield than would otherwise be the case. The eoil between the rows of winter greens should be lightly forked over to get rid of weeds and to loosen the surface, and all decaying leaves removed. An application of sect or nitrate of soda (the latter at the rate of loz. per square yard) will ftimu: tate growth. Thoae who have planted winter greens among potatoes should lose no time in getting up the latter if the haulm has begun to turn yellow. Leeks continue to grow (iuite late in the year so long as the weather remahM fairly mild, and they benefit very considerably from an application of aoot stirred Into the soil round about them. While the soil is reasonably dry it is of great advantage to ply the hoe frequently between the rows of winter fpinach and lettuce and onions raised from seed sown last August. If the seedlings are crowded they must be thinned out. SOWING TURNIPS. It is now too late to sow turnip seed with the expectation of securing good roots. Pos. sibly, if seed is sown thinly on rich soil, the seedlings being thinned out early, a certair- number of roots 'will develop to a useful 8L, but the chief point in sowing the vegetable now ia for the purpose of green manuring. The seed will soon germinate if sown broad- cast and lightly raked over, and when the plants are nicely developed they should be dug into the ground. Mustard seed may be sown for a similar purpose. It is quite a good plan to treat vacant land in this way, for it helps considerably in limiting the expenditure on manure, for that material continues as ecarce and as costly as ever. CANNED TOMATOES. The tomato has been largely grown on fjlotmenta this year, and the fruite have ripened well when care was taken to remove all side-shoots and to shorten the largest leaves. It sometimes happens that a good many tomatoes turn in at the aame time, and readers may be interested in the can- ning method adopted by a friend of mine. He telts me that the smaller fruits are beet. They are dipped in bailing water, and then peeled. They are then placed m a saucepan, brought to the boil, end allowed to simmer for 10 minutes. Pouring the tomatoes into bottles or tins and seat- ing down comp!etes the work. There should be just enough liquid to cover the fruits. Those who nnd that their tomatoes a.re not ripening out of doors should cut off planta near the ground and hang them up in a tunny greenhouse or window. FRIZEWINNING HINTS. We all know how useful it is to have a heap of sifted soil for various purposes, and especially for the raising of seedlings. This can, of course, -be obtained by means of a sicvo or riddle—if one happens to possess such a thing; but Mr. J. G. Dickinson (to whom a prize of "One Thousand Gardening Hints is awarded) shows a simpler way of obtaining fine soil. Take a few spadesful of soil .nd makw a mounds the coarse soil and stonoa will roll to the bape of the mound and are raked away. The fine soil thus left How to Obtain Fine Soil. !a useful for seedling 'beda, earthing celery, and so on. I have found this method quicker than using the riddle and as good. It M also very useful for obtaining fine a&hea for putting on the garden path. PRIZE COMPETITION FOB ALLOT- MENT HOLDERS. Every week two prizes are offered for the best allotment hint or recipe. The prizes consist of useful gardening books. All en- tries for this competition must be addressed "Spadeworker," care of Editor of this paper. ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTS. Amateur.—You ask whether cordon apple and pear trees may be expected to bear fruit the season following planting. Much, of course, depends upon the age of the trees, the month in which they are planted, and the kind of pruning given. They must be got in in October or November, other- vnse the best of trees will not have much chance. To make certain of a crop the trees ought to be three or four years old, preferably of the latter age. Mix plenty of lime and mortar rubble with the ground before planting, and make the soil arm about the roots. Prune in December. The following are twelve splendid sorta. Cooking applf,s: Lord Grosvenor, W. Wilks, Potts' Seedling, and Lord Derby. Dessert apples: James Grieve, AIlington Pippin, King of tho Pippins, and Cox's Orange Pippin. Pears: Durpndeau, William's, Conference, and Louiae Bonne. Constant Reader.—The best time to plant currants, gooseberries and plums is from tin middle of Oct&ber until the end of Nov- ember. Black-currants like partial shade and deep, moist, loamy soil; they will fail if the rooti get dried up. Gooseberries and red-currants are best in a eunny place, and they, too, need good soil. Mix lime rubble in the soil where ,you plant the plum-tree. Fhe beat b!ack currants are Bokoop Giant, Baldwin's, Sea.brook's Black, and Lee's Pro- line red-currants: Raby Captle, La Fertile, and Fay's Prolinc: gooseberries: Crown Bob, May Duke, Warrington, Whinham's Industry, Whitesmith, and Leader. M. S.—If the turnips and carrots are fully grown and are beginning to split they should bo taken up and classified, as ex- plained recently in this column. Anxious.—The lowest leaves on the sprouts are certain to turn yellow and fall off as the sprouts develop; they should be gathered up and placed in a heap to decay. Do not cut off the tops of the plants until spring. "Spadeworker" is open to give practical advice, free of charge, to readers of this paper. Replies will be sent by post if a stamped addressed envelope M enclosed. Address your inquiries to "Spadeworker/' care of Editor.

jog OVER 1,000 FIRST PRIZES TURNS EASIEST. LASTS I.ONGEST. SKiMS CLEANEST. Scoter or Later You wiH buy an A!fa-LavaI." IM.OOOsoldl&stycM. S<M<t ? ?. C(. /<'?' 77?- ??aESS?? <Kt<? C?<t?MC. ???B? ??? kgent- J. W DAVIES, BRLST By IRONMONGER, ? tLAMPERTER. ?, ?=?t

I Farmer's Column. ROYAL COMMISSION. Before the. Royal C-'m.mission on Agricuiture last week, following witnesses were eyam- inod:—Mr R. J. Thompson, of the Board Agricultura; Mr. L. N. Gooding Norfoik Chamber of Agriculture and Feder. ation, Limited (recaHed); Pi-ofessor R. G. White, manager of University College Farm, Bang-or; Mr. H. Armour and Mr G. G. Mercer, representing the Scottish Chamber of Agriculture, were examined. I WELSH FARM LABOUR, Rppofta have bean received by the Board of Agriculture showing that :n July there were a total of 569,000 male and 75,000 fema!o lab- ourers engaged on the land, a. total increase the Kingdom of 19.2 a.ad for Wales of 18.2 en the ngures for November, 1918. More t!ian nfty per cent. of statements se;nt in by farmers in South Wales (Ca.rddgan, Radnor, Brecon, Glamorgan., Carmarthen, and Pam- I brokc) emphasise the acute shortage of skilled workers. Female and casual labour was also re- ported to be scarce. Th& number of regular mate workers has increased by only two per cent. since the last quarter and is still seven. toen per cent. below the number employed in Juty, 1914. The position is aggravated by the fact that nea-rly aU the soldiers working an fa.rm'; have been withdrawn. Fa.rmers. in the neighbourhood of woods and collieries sta.to that thoy <md it difBcult to keep their men owing to the lugh wag'e<5 for Umber fo'ling or for work in the mines, wnth which they are una-ble. to compete'. Side by side, however, with the need fpr more labour there is evidence of a 'general disposition among farmers to employ fewer hands than formerty owing to tho increased rate of wages and shortened working hours. Several farmers state that tho nxed prices )of produce are not high enough to meet the cost of labour. In Pembrokeshire several farmers complain of the payment of unemployment benefit. COMMITTED FARMING, A conspicuous example of tho bonent secured by the judicious exorcise of the powers vested in the Board of Agriculture for the purpose of increasing the nation's food supply is aSorded by the work of EMt Sussex A.E.C. on the Peacehavon Estate, between Brighton and New- haven. Before the Committee took possession of the lajid in 1917 the property wM reported to have been in a. deplorably-neglected condi- tion—growing nothing but rubbish. In that year 160 acres were fallowed and sown with wheat in the autumn, and in the following spriTlg 225 acres wore sown with oats The wheat received a dressing of basic slag in the autumn at the rate of 5 cwt. to the acre, and the who!o had a. top dressing of sulphate of ammonia in the following spring at the rate- of one hundredweight to the acre. Wheat yielded an average of eleven sacks an acre. The yield of oats averaged eight sacks per acre. At Michaelmas, 1918, when the valua-lion was made. the nrst year's transactions showed a crfdit balance of about C3.000. An additional eighty acres in an equally bad state were taken over a.nd farmed by the Committee, and a large acreage was prepared for corn. This year neafly 500 acres were under wheat, oats, barley. and potatoes. The Sub-Commissioner is of opinion that last year's "vera.ge wi!! be main- tained, if not exceeded. The straw is of good quality and above the average height for th)e county. The barley and oats arc good average crops and compare favourably with the crons in the locality. Potatoes look wejl and indicate a. ten-ton yield. These results demonstrate what poor land can be made to produce in <'ssontia.l food crops. SALE OF CEREAL SEED. The attention of fatrmers and seod merchants is drawn to the fact that when selling wheat, barley, oats or rye for aeod it is necessary under the Testing of Seeds Ordar 1918 that the seed shall be tested for germination etc., and that the declaration giving the following par- ticu!ars shall be made in writing to the pur- chaser within one month of tha sale or de- livery :—(1) The namo and address of the sel- lers (2) The variety. (3) The percentage of germination, iÎ, however, the germination is at or above the standard specified in the or- der, namely, 90 per cenf for wheat and bar- ley, 85 per cent for oats a.nd 80 per cent for rye, a statement to that eSect is aufBcient, but if the germination is below these figures the actual percentage must be declared. (4) The date of the germination test unless made six months of sale. No declaration need be made as to the per- centage of purity in the case of cereal seed. Failure to make tho above declaration is a summary offence against the Defence of Rea. m Regulations. Samples of cereal seeds are tested at the oSici&l seed testing station for a nominal charge. Full particulars as to the quantity of seed to send for testing, the fee to 1M paid etc. are contamed in Food Produc- tionaj leanett No. 47, copies of which may be ob- tained fre of charge on application to the Secretary. Board of Agriculture, 3, St. James's Sq,. London, S.W.I. NATIONAL RAT WEEK. The suggested national rat week, commenc- ing October 20th, has been well received throughout the country. Many local authoTities have informed the Board of Agriculture of their intention to co-operata and thousands of letters are received from individuals and organisations desirous of assisting. It is hoped that before October 20th, practically every village in the country will have a committee set up to deal with rat destruction and that <tvery local authority wil! have a scheme forming part of the general plan. In this event it is believed by the rat experts of the Board of Agriculture that a.t least sixty per cent. of the present rat population of England and Wales can be destroyed before it takes up winter quarters in barns, mills, stacks, fOOd stores, etc. Whereas the rook and other birds not entirety friendly to the farmo", the wasp, and other enemies of tho fruit grower, have been defended strongly in sections of the Press against the various authorities that have made war upon them. the rat does not appear to have found a.ny journalistc support whatever. This is as it should bo, bMause the rat, so far as science can discover, is whol y evil—at once a destroyer of food and other property, and a menace to the pnb'ic health. The ra-t has been we!! de-scribed as the most expensive animal main- tained by man, a.nd the Press enthusiasticnUy fndorsea the Government campaign. The destruction of rats in a scientinc way is not an pxr-ensive business but the killing o of the bulk of r?ts in October will mean the saving of millions of pounds worth ot goods which otherwise will be eaten or spoilt by rats durins the winter. Accordingly, thf" anti-rat campaign is an important of the national move- ment for econo.'ny and retrenchment. The question h9 been raided whpthfr the oemand for materials may not provR to eT:c<*r*d the supply. In this connection the Boaj'd of Agriculture is a.ble to re-assure "f1->"p.} nuthoriti.s fT"? the public genf-nlly. The at the request of thf Pofrd, al'O IRvin'" in 1arO'f) "t"b:¡. 1'1:1'0 at1\" I\uthoritv. or individ11:11 difH- <'nlty in ohtfininn' rr'a.ter)!<I shorld a.r'Dly. at "C. to thr. Branch of the Board, 4, WhitehaH-pIa.co, S.W. 1. INSTRUCTION FOR ALLOTMENT HOLDERS Enquiries are made by the Board of Agri- culture into the facilities for instruction in horticulture avai!ab)c to allotment holders Experience has shown that the majority of the allotment holders stand in need of instruction in the rudiments of cultivation and that mis- takes are often committed which elementary instruction woul;} obviate. This need of in- struction wi!! become more acute as naturn.! fertility of Ia.nd recently broken up is im- pa.ired: productiveness can only bo maintained by such systems of rotation of crops and man- 1:rin'g M ski)'ed instruction cajt best incn!catc. Thnre is also a p'rc.t nc!d for instruction in thf s]edicn of suitable varieties of seeds, in approved methods of propagation and in the adoption of srientinc mea-ns of mitigating,' the injury caused by destructive pta.nt pests. It is therefore suggeted to local authorities immediate steps aho"ld be taken to pro- vide suitable instruction in horticulture cither by the appointment of whole-time instructors r or. (where a number o-f aUctment holders i3 rot srnic'ently Jar,tre b justify the appointment I of a. special instructor) hy m"king' viith the Educa-tion Authority of the county for the pa.rt-i.imo employment of a. qualified ) tsacher. f Instruction can be given in ''cveral ways .by < evening lecture?, by advisory visits to the aHotmpnts, or by the provision of model dpm- orstration ptots. An instrctor ca.n also do ) rrmch good by prc'motiner co-operation in the baying of seeds, manures and materials, Dro- j motine the erection of joint too! sheds (thus ohvia.tin? the creation of eye-sores which gT)ups of allotments too often present) and j it marketing- of !,roduc With a view to a?sistmsr education authori- ties in securing these objects, the President of thf Board of Agriculture (Lord Lpe) has smcoeded obtaininf Treasury approval to Ttt.Mts in H.'d on a libera.1 scale, namely, two- j thirds of aI1 reasonable and approved cxpendi- tn-o on instructional measures. Authorities tro asked to submit schemes promptly to the Board. ?

National Union. SEPARATION OR AMALGAMATION Mr. Robert Vaughan, Garthmaalan, pre- sidad over a meeting at Do'geUcy on Saturday of members of Merioneth Branch of the I National Farmers Union, of which Mr. M. LI. Jones, Pennal, is the secretary. There was a large attendance, including representatives of the newiy-formed National Farmers' Union of Wales, the object being to discuss the qucsti&n of amalgamation. An address was given in Welsh by Mr. J. T. Lloyd. Ruthin, tho appointed speaker for North Wales on behalf of the English Union. He emphasised the advantages of unity among farmers who had been more backward than all other industrial workers in organising for the protection of their interests and rights. Be- fore farmers could hope to obtain parlia.- mentary recognition they must realise that their st"ength' was in unity. It was through the National Farmers' Union on'y that farmers had so far obtained parliamentary recognition. Agriculture had not been recog- nised as it ought to have been by the Govern- ment before the w?.r. but the war had em- phasised how vital and essential to the life I' of the nation it was to stimulate agricultu"a.I production. Nowadays when reconstruction proMems were so much discussed, it was neces- sary that farmers should thoroughly consider their position and possibilities, having rega.rd to the Prime Minister's promise to give fair play to agriculture, and they could make their innuence felt by uniting in a strong body in- stead of being divided by ?ocal diirorences and prejudices. The National Farmers Union represented England and Wales and was not conSned to one section of farmers or to one [ its OWn distinctive featurea which received part of the country. Agriculture in Wales h&d special consideration by the Union and an Advisory Committee was appointed for Wa!es. Another inducement for joining the Union wns that its machinery was already in efncient working order. After all, it was not merely & question of nationality, but a question of what was likely to serve tho best interests of those who were directly anected by the pros- perity of agriculture. Ho contended that the Union wa$ undoubtedly the principal organisation which would mostly benefit farmers. The Union ha.d not only an attrac- tive programme, but was also the medium for the preparation of evidence to submit to the Roval Commission. He was at patriotic a Welshman as anyone and had a!way pro- moted thA interest" ff Wales and Welsh matters. Nevertheless. he was Rtronglv con- vinced that the salvation of agriculture lay in the strength of organisation rather than in national sentiment atone. What was the season that Welsh farmers did not unite and have one strong orf.ni!u!,tion? Experience shewed that separate bodies had not sumcient influence to succeed. W lc;h teasers had found th"f a separate N.U.T. for Wales was not so advnntnn'eons to them as one centra! powerful org3nis"tion by means of which their interests could best be served, especiaUy in electuary approaching the Government. The same reason applied to farmers, What sur- prised him was that many farmers had not joined any union at all, considering that in the present it waa imperative that agriculture should ba emciently organised. It was not the time for delays and divisions, but for immediate action and for forward move- ment in a strong united body. (Cheers.) The Chairman, who is a. member of the Advisory Committee for Wales and of the Council of the National Farmers Union, also emphasised the importance and advantages of unity. Mr. Isaac Mason, LIanegryn, said all were agreed that union was desirable; but the dini- culty was to 6nd the means of bringing tt about. One of the chief obstacles to unity was obstinacy and it would have to be abandoned before progress could be made. He hoped farmers would iearn tht lesson which the Allies learnt when the unity of command was ou- trustcd to Marshal! Foch. Mr. Ap Rowlands, Lla<nuwchl!yn, asked Mr. Hoyd if he was in favour cf Home Rule for Wales? Mr. Lloyd replied that he was. It was only by unity that Wales could hope to have Home Rule. The National Farmers' Union advocated that Welsh agriculture should have spc-cia.! recognition. I? every farmer in Wales be- longed to the Union there waa no doubt that Welsh agriculture would have the fullest reeog- nition to which it was entitled. It was through the Union's influence that Mr William Ed- wards Hologwyn, was added to the Roya! Commission as the representative of Welsh farmers. Mr. Robert Pughe, Ysguboriau, cxpreased hia gratitude for Mr. Lloyd's address. Ho had no doubt tnat farmers in Merioneth were in favour of unity rather than continue to weaken their position by petty differences. The only way to settle the question of forming a separ- ate union for Wales, or of having a Welsh section of the National Farmers' Union, was by the decision of the majority of farmers and he was willing to agree to that decision whatever it might be. Replying to a question, Mr. Lloyd said the separate unions In Scotland and Ireland were in existence before the National Farmers' Union and wore strongly organised. He did not think a separate union for Wales would have suHicient membership to become a strong organisation to uphold the rights of Welsh agriculture. The Chairman said the diSiculty in having 0 separate union for the whole of Wales waa that branches of the National Farmers' Union already existed in nearly all the counties. especially in South Wales, and it was not likely that those branches would consent to break their connection without being assured of deriving equally substantial benents from a new organisation. Mr. GriSith Roberts, Tycerrig, Talsarnau. (president of the newly-formod National Farmers' Union of Wales) said there was no reason why Welsh farmers by joining to- gether in one national body should not be- come a strong and influential organisation like the national unions in Ireland, Scotland, and England which now worked separately. It was their misfortune that Wahah farmers had not long ago taken steps to unite and form a separate organisation which would have avoided the present controversy and delay. Mr Lloyd replied that it wottlj take many years before a separate union in Wales could become sufncient!y organised to impress its influence on the Government. The present was not the time for delay merely to satisfy sentimental feelings and future generations would have cause to regret the disunion which now prevfiled. Mr. Roberts said that was a contention on there was difference of opinion. The Chairman—It was became of dinerenco of opinion that the war started. Replying to further questions. Mr. Lloyd said the Nation'tl Farmers* Union acted on the recomrrK'ndntions of the Advisory Com- mitt'"r' f"'r Wales in a number of cn<!ca re- cently investigated. It WM through the Union thnt the Board of Agriculture bar! been A separate union for Wales would not be stronc' or representative because the m3''oritv, even in North Wales, belonged to the National Farmers' Union. Mr /0. R('\vlaf1ns-We naVf not come bf>re to ''ontradir't. but I question that statement. Mr. Dovd said he adhered to hia statement and it could be proved. He had held meet- ings in North Wales counties and found that tho feeling was in favour of the National Farmers' Union, In Anglesey there were 1,400 members of <*he National Farmers' Union compared with 300 members of the Welsh Union Mr. Robert Pt?ghe thought the meetinp would agTC'C that wha\ wa.s wanted was a Welsh section of the National Farmers Union. Mr. GriSth Roberts said he had no wish to create dissension, but rather to gain informa- tion in order to help in arriving at a united policy. The newly-formed Union with which he waq associated wouid bo willing to abide by the decision of the majority of its mem- bers either to remain separate, or to afHIiate, or federate. There was difference of opinion rpspcftmg Mr. Lloyd's statcmants that the majority of North Wales farmers belonged to the National Farmers' Union and that there a feeling in favour of unity. He proposed that the question of having a separate union far Wales, or of aniliating. should bo left to the decision of the majority of the newly- formed Union. Mr. Da!o Williams. Towyn, said the Shrews- bury conference reached that point and wou)d have settled the question then but for an un- fortunate obstacle. Ho seconded the proposi- tion on the underst \nding- that the decision would be left to the majority of the whole, of Wales. Mr. Robert said North d!d not have efjuni representation with South Wales at the Shrewsbury conference and consequently the North Wales representatives were not pre- pared to vote as it was a foregone concha'on that the conference would have decided to Now that the National Farmers* Union for Wales had been organised, he con-

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Continued from previous cotumn. tended that the question should be decided by tended that the question should be decided by the majority of its members. For that pur- pose he asked that meeting to join. In his opinion that was the only way for Welsh farmers to unite in a strong and representa- tive body. The Chairman—If you think that we will break our connection with the National Farmers' Union now you do not give credit to our intelligence. We cannot do so without giving notice. Mr. Ap Rowlands suggested that the meeting should agree to form a separate union for Merioneth as the first step and then decide what further course would be taken. Mr. John Evans, Do'augwyn, in a con- dilatory speech, said the meeting would not serve its object unless it helped to bring farmers closer together and to understand each other better. Though he was a patriotic Welshman he was in favour of affiliating which would not prevent Welsh farmers from hav- ing their own organisation to safeguard their rights and promote their interests. He was, however, prepared to abide by the decision of the majority of the branches in Wales and in order to arrive at that decision he suggested that another conference should be held. Mr. Griffith Roberts said he could not accept that suggestion because the new Vnion had already been started and he was bound by its decision. The principles on which the con- stitution of the new Union was based had been agreed to at a previous meeting of Merioneth farmers. Ho did not sec how it was possible for him to go behind the constitution of the new Union; but he would communicate the views of the meeting to the Executive. Per- sonally. he was strongly in favour of unity and even of having one union for the who e king- dom, but for the present he must be guided by the deliberations of the new Union. Mr Grimth Prioo, 'Corsygarnedd, asked how it would be possible to ascertain the decision 0 of the majority of Welsh farmers? The Chairman—By having a bal'ot of a!I the unions and branches. The meeting eventually passed a resolution that the question of affiliation or otherwise, should be derided by a majority of members of all the unions in Wales. The Executive Committee then met for the transaction of business. With regard to a resolution from Northumberland branch, the Chairman said he ? understood that super- graders would be withdrawn shortly and therefore no action was taken. Farmer graders were nominated for each market in thf* county. Consideration of the insurance scheme was deferred until the next meeting on November 22nd, and it was agreed to invite JMr. J. Henson to attend and explain its pro- visions. The appointment of a Conciliation 'Committee to settle disputes between farmers and labourers was also deferred.