The Cardiff Times

a, .5 H Ati. 0.6 IS THE TRY IT.

VORKMEN'S TOPICS. MY LAST APPEAL ON THE > BUDGET. i I By MABON, M.P. ] f Fellow Workmen-I am glad, though indis- ea, that by the means qt this weekly umn, I am not precluded from addressing you a weekly message. t e present parliamentary contest is the v lmPOI'tant since the country enfranchise- ent was granted us by that prince of Liberals i; V ^la(lstone. This crisis which has 5 11 enforced upon us by the House of Lords peais to me and arouses my interest as a £ m a way that no other has done since f manner in which the Unionist party e trying to confuse the issue before the luntry proves to me that their interest in lC matter has been also aroused. As one of yourselves, who has made, at ast, some study of these social, political, and rj onomical questions, and one wbo has been c leader of working men for some thirty- h KM years, this species of protection, caned s Witt t Reform is not going to im- r 'ove the conditions of thr masses of r » countrymen. To ine T Reform I simply a device of the ciasses for I c le purpose of taxing the masses in the 3 terests of the former by taxing the many f 1 "p interest of the few-taxing the poor in I 'G" T>ifreSk-0^ the rich—the undoubted effect I Protective Tariffs in every country that I yet adopted them has been to make the sh richer and the poor poorer. And it is my meat conviction that the Lords rejected loyd George's Budget because it directly ms at improving the social condition of the *°ple and insisting that wealth shall bear II lair share of the taxes imposed by the overnment, and which such a large sum of ie same has been made necessary by the war- te cries of the rich the Dreadnought scares "eated by the wealthy classes for the pro-, ^on of their property and the propogation their own selflsh;interests. ,^oiighly speaking, there are in this country ,000,000 acres of land, 70,000,000 of that— ►ughly speaking again—belongs to or is owned 7 some 60,000 people—a number not quite so r^e as the colliery workers of Glamorgan- ure. If we go into these facts a little more mutely we shall find that 40,000,000 acres. f more than half the land of Great Britain, held by 2,500 persons and about one uarter of the whole countrv belongs to about M Peers, most of whom took part in. the sjection of the Budget. Now when these v. a?e known there can be very little + 'n<lee<l that the Lords in rejecting the udget had an eye to their own interest. Again, there are factors of great interest F iv So ^ar 618 Protection is concerned ^out v total wealth produced in this ,country .our received 4d. out of every shilling. When 1]s is understood it will be very easy to nderstand also why the many in the land are j ) poor and the few so very rich, and easier 1 jill, why these other two interests—though ] ^re are many honourable excepti ODS-are ow using their political power to persuade ie people to accept Tariff Reform instead of ae Budget. I support the Budget, my fiends, because >r the first time in the history of British ^atesraanship there is a comecientious effort lade to bring the land to its proper use—for le Purpogawrfjaf promoting the prosperity of 16 pe<MJpPnRStaa in favour of the Budget ecause lDelinve%hat in my own time we ia-11 «ee a brighter day for the whole people E Cfreat Britain. To me it is an honest effort E the Government generally, and our own jju^tryman especially, to widen the avenues t the Kingdom of God on earth. Rhondda Valley, Here no less than EW 000 a year is paid in round rents alone. The^ royalties received 10111 colliery operations in this Valley repree- Ilt an enormous sum annually, and because of I past rapid growth, say during the past 50 ears, the district as a whole gives a conspic- Olis example of landlords' enormous un- arned profits. In the year 1857 or thereabouts, land constituting the area underlying he Rhondda Urban District was mostly oor pastoral or mountain land. The bean- tful and plentiful wood slopes had been ereft of timber in previous years. The opulation then was less than a thousand—at resent the same area has a population of 32,000 and a ratable value of £ 622,000, and Pe Population having increased some 132 has now' an increased ratable vaJuo t abont 125 times. Owing to the growth of this T6at district it has been estimated, and I think ery fairly, that Irom the 23,000 buildings onstructed thereon the ground landlords are low receiving no less than jE30,000 per annum a ground rents alone, while the buildings ontributing this considerable sum only occupy "out 1,500 acres of the total area of the die- Net. In addition to these enormous ground rents he landlords are getting royalties averaging ■bout 8d. per ton on all the coal that is taken ,way from the collieries, and to which way- Baves are added in several cases. In addition ° this again the colliery owners pay the land- ed a heavy ground rent for all the surface Found that they require for tipping and other Eposes. The same people have also to Irovide some £ 54,000 per annum in rates, while <• he royalty owners who divide between them he enormous sums received from royalties, urface and ground rents, escape paying ocal taxation altogether. In fact, the whole thing is absurd, and cannot test U^?aa^e^ 'n brir&ing about its own A Duke's Income and a Miner's Wages Another problem which shows the enormous that exist beween man and man ;■ n this country of, ours—there are 27 dukes in .hls. country—all of them quite legitimate ~ukes. They own between them some U/39,054 acres of land in the United Kingdom, fielding a total income of £ 2,115,962, every i^ar. This makes an average income to each ^rv.6 some^'ng more than £ 78,000 a year. The average wages received by a coal miner n these valleys is about thirty shillings a Teek—or say £18 per annum thus one duke 'eceives as much income in one year as does )ne thousand coal hewera and the 27 dukes receive as much income per annum from the a-nd as 27,000 miners divide between in yearly iVages, Or putting the matter in other words, jhe 27 dukes that exist in this country receive between them as much income from the National revenue every year as all the miners forking in the two Rhondda Valleys receive ID wages during the. same period. Well. the System that allows this state of things to exist IS nothing short of iniquitous and intolerable. Really a new system of rating and taxing 'uch as is proposed in the Budget is essential— under this equitable method—all the rates and ^axes could be levied on the value of the land that proves to be the source of such fabulous wealth to the landlords of the country. This f? *ay humble opinion is the only just method that could be adopted for just as the increased value of a shopkeeper's business is due to his Own energy, enterprise and ability, so is the value of the land due to the activity and enter- prise of the people on and around that land— and as that land would owe its value to the energies of those people it would only be iust and fair that the people should utilise that value to meet their expenses as a community, especially expenses incurred in road-making and repairing, cleansing, and the hundred and one things that are necessary where People live and congregate under that equit- able system, also an individual who works nard instead of being discouraged by having imposed upon him heavy rates and taxes as is now the case, would be encouraged to increase his efforts by having his efforts ex- empted from such rates and taxes as he is now faced with. Final Appeal. x May I be allowed to make this my final SPpeal in this letter to my fellow workers. The great question of the present election, as ♦ Mve«aidbefore is: Are the Lords to dictate Vi • iT PeoP^e °f thus great Empire, the laws of which we are to make, and the way in which We are to bring them in. Are we going to be governed by ourselves or are we to submit'our liberties to this miserable minority of Indi- viduals, who rest their claim upon privilege and accident, or has the time not come for us ° resent the insults, the injuries, and the in- justice that we have so long suffered at the nands of a privileged assembly. In fact, we have been too long a Peer-ridden nation, and I every workpr will, by his vote, say to them— JLOU shall for evei* lose the authority you have so long abused."

After Mr Lloyd George's castigation it will be well for Lord George Hamilton to study British ethnology as well as Irish history. It is a moot point whether Plymouth is not as Celtic as, say, Cardiff or Swansea, as not only is the proximity of Cdfnwall to Plymouth warrant ior the statement, but South Devon is stromrlv ,nate(i with rv-Hi- ni=n °

Tht Emperor Mendik. 18 HE DEAD P Paris, Wednesday.—A telegram received tere states that the Emperor Menelik of Uayssinia died on December 23rd—Exchange. Paris, Wednesday.-A cablegram was re- eived here to-day from Harar confirming the eport that the Emperor Menelik of Abyssinia •- Lied on December 23rd. It is further stated »* hat the news of the late Emperor's demise is )eing kept a secret by Lidj Jeassu, whom ilenelik nominated as his heir, and his sup- porters, with a view to preventing any internal tisorders pending the firm establishment of he new Government.—Central News. st m Reuter's Agency learns with reference to the h( eported death of the Emperor Menelik on bi December 23rd that a London business firm is laving important relations with Abyssinia has tc -eceived a cablegram, despatched since that 01 late by its representative in Addis Abeba, in w vhich no mention is made of the Emperor's fe leath. It is believed that the news is without n( oundation. oi ——— n( Menelik was called Negus Negusti, or Ling of Kings. He held the British decora- ions of G.C.B. and G.C.M.G. Menelik iras born in 1843, and was proclaimed Emperor f Abyssinia in 1889. The Abyssinians are Christians, and their kings claim descent from fenelik, the son of Solomon, by the Queen of ,heba.

"IRST GOVERNOR-GENERAL OF UNITED SOUTH AFRICA. Mr Herbert GladstQne, who has been ap- lointed Governor-General of South Africa, tegan his life in a political atmosphere, for te was born on January 7th, 18M, at Downing- t., where his father was then in official esidence. So far back as 1880, when Middlesex Eturned only two members of Parliament, Mr lerbert Gladstone made his first attempt to apture a seat, but was beaten by Lord George lamilton. Whilst the son lost one seat, the ather won two, these being Leeds and Mid* othian. Mr W. El. Gladstone elected to sit for Midlothian, and the other seat was preserved I J a Mr Herbert Gladstone. u I f for Mr Herbert Gladstone, who was accepted t three weeks later. Leeds returned three mem- v bers at that time two have since been added, 11 ind Mr Gladstone has been one of them ever c since. He became private secretary to his d distinguished father, and within a year had 1 risen to the rank of a Lord of the Treasury. t For six months during 1886 Mr Gladstone wis Financial Secretary to the War Office from £ 1892 to 1894, Under-Secretary for the Home a Department, and then First Oonunissioner of Works till 1895. In 1899 he was appointed,. Chief Whip of the party. He filled this delicate but arduous post with energy and distinction till the resignation of the Balfour 1 Ministry in 1905. On the accession of the late x Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman to the Pre- miership, Mr Gladstone was appointed to the Home Office, where be had served, ill subordi- nate capacity 11 years before. Mr Gladstone has acquitted himself with excellent tact, unfailing courtesy and good humour, and shown a strong capacity for plodding consci- entious labour. Mr Gladstone was married in 1901 to the youngest daughter of Sir Richard t Paget. Mrs Gladstone is acknowledged to be one of the most charming political hostesses in society.

ASSISTANT POSTMASTER- GENERAL. The position of Assistant Postmaster-Gen- eral, to which Sir Henry Norman has been appointed, is a new Ministerial ofgoe recently created by statute. It carries a salary oi £ 1,200. The pressure of work on a Postevaster- General is overwhelming, and a deputy to art for him during his absence from the House of Commons has long been necessary. Sir Henry I 11 1 —i Sir Henry Norman, M.P. I jNorman nas tnorougnly earned nis promoeon to Ministerial omce. A man of great versatility, he has touched life at many points. He has been a great traveller, a dashing journalist, and a successful author. He is one of the leading authorities on automobilism and an expert in mechanics and electricity. Sir Henry- Norman has been Liberal M.P. for South Wolverhampton since 1900. He has made his mark on the political platform and in the House of Commons.

DEVOTED WIFE'S AIM. New York, Wednesday.—Mrs Morse, wife of the former ice king," who is now serving 15 years' penal servitude in Atlanta Prison, has not given up hope of her husband's re- lease in tiie near future, and her untiring efforts and devotion, which were so splendidly evidenced during the trial of Mr Chartes Morse, have now been directed to paying off the re- maining debts of her husband, and establishing another fortune for the benefit of the family. For this purpose she has opened an office in Wall-street. Mrs Morse is convinced that the clearing off of all the debts will influence the Government in the granting of a pardon.—Cen- tral News.

OFI-ER OF DIRIGIBLE. Paris, Wednesday.—The Paris Journal announces that the Minister for War has ac- cepted the offer of a Spiess rigid dirigible bal- loon, made on the part of the inventor, with a view to replacing the ill-fated dirigible Be- publique." The Spiess balloon is 88 metres long, and has a cubic capacity of 8,300 metres. It is fitted with two motors of 120 horse-power, and can lift 700 kilogrammes ballast, five pas- sengers, and sufficient motor fuel for eight hours' use, while the speed ranges from 40 to 50 kilometres an hour, according, to the atmos- pheric conditions.—Central News.

FUTURE OF CRETE. Berlin. Wednesday.—The Voaaiscbe Zei- tung" announces that the solution of the Cretan question is imminent, adding that an agreement upon the matter has been arranged by Italy between Constantinople and Athens, with the co-operation of Hakki Bey. Accord- ing to the "proposed arrangement, Crete will be ceded to Greece in return for an indemnity, and the territorial Integrity of Turkey will be definitely guaranteed by the Powers, as the result of an international conference. Central News.

At. Cardiff George Bailey (20) and John Murphy (19) were charged with stealing a cash- box containing £ 9 12s 3d from Mr David Mor- gan's marine store in Clare-road. The evidence ,rrp Mm -xn*

WELSH COUNTRY HOMES. I r s a XIII.—Picton Castle. | t I rs UNIQUE CHARACTERISTICS, j ——— a Some Points in its History. I The land of Dyfcd is rich in its ancient t rorrgholds, many of which date from Nor- v ,an times. Though there are many castles, c ywever, there is but one Picton. In its e troniaJ magnificence it is unique. But this e not its only virtue. Fenton, the old his- a irian of Pembrokeshire, who, when thelhum- n ir took him, could shape an effective sentence, s rites of Picton that it is a castle never for- a ited, never deserted, never vacant, that s ;ver knew a melancholy blank in its want a master, from whose walls hospitality was iver exiled and whose governors might be said S1 it PICTON CASTLE. THE SOUTH FRONT. ti (Photo by D. Bo wen and Sonf Haverfordwest.) v w ——— o 0 V o have been hereditary." Since Fenton s day I r nother century has cast sunshine and storm ipon its massive frame, but Picton Castle is a ashioned in a manner and moulded of a fabric t hat laughs at mere centuries. Its builder, who i rasa follower of Arnulph de Montgomery, t aiew nothing about the miserable limitations c if the ninety nine years ground lease which r Iwarf our ideas in this modern age. The first. 1 >icton built a fortress strong to endure and ( o-day, after eight centuries, it stands for all < rractical purposes as sound as when it first t merged from its builders' hands, an impfijnsh- t ,ble monument of the thoroughness with < srhich he fulfilled his task. A Lordly Domain. j{ The beautiful residence of Sir Charles | 'hitipps, Bart., is situated three-aaSd-ArhaH nileB south east of Haverfordwest, in the very ] leart of Pembrokeshire, Twonne rivers-the i Eastern and the Western Cleddau, which > rater a vast area of the West Wales county, 1 oin forces before they empty into Milford laven, and Picton Castle occupies a command- > ng position on rising land between these twin I treams, a mile or so above their confluence. ?rom its walls an undulating park of greaeb ex- i ,ent fall,* gently away to the water's edge. ] Fenton's remark that the castle is in the PICTON CASrIÆ AS IT WAS IN 1779 PRIOR TO THE ADDITION BY LGRD MILFORD. (From a Drawing by Sandby.) 4 midst of possessions and forests coeval with itself," is as true to-day as when he penned it, for the owners have used the woodman's axe but .sparingly, with the result that these giants of the forest have had rein to luxuriate. That they have utilised tfieir opportunities to the fullest extent a walk round the park affords abundant evidence. For eight centuries it has been in the hands of a family who, to pride of race have added a very fitting pride in their ancestral home, and when the story of the castle is related it will show how, with few ex- ceptions, each generation has contributed its quota towards enhancing either, its sur- rounding possessions, its fabric, or its con- tents. The Original Castle^ It was in the days of William Rufus that the Norman, Arnulph de Montgomery, came into Pembrokeshire, 'and while as we have seen in previous articles, Fitzhamon and his knights were establishing themselves in Glamorgan, Arnulph and his knights were making their place secure in the land of Dyfed. Then, when the land was subdued and the spoils were awarded to the victors, Arnulph gave to his knight Picton the estates which still bear his name. It was one thing, however, to receive ,nd another to hold, and the first necessity in tlaintaining the supremacy of land won by the s word was the erection of a fortress. How well he first Picton did his work we have already elated. The castle which he built remained, o far as its external features were concerned ,t any rate, practically unaltered for a period I if seven hundred years. We are indebted to t he courtesy of Sir Charles Philipps. the pre- t ent head of the family, for the opportunity n o reproduce a picture of Picton Castle, as it ap- s reared about the end of the 18th century, and fi he fact that^the photograph is of an engraving a rom a picture by P. Sandby, R.A.,is guarantee I if the accuracy of the drawing. A glance s tt this picture will show that at that period s b retained all the distinctive characteristics of a he Norman builders. It is an oblong struc- s ure, with its greatest length lying from east to v vest and with semicircular bastions at each t orner, and two smaller bastions at its eastern v xtremity. Between Obe latter was the great h ntrance, approached across a drawbridge, f, nd protected by a portcullis which was about n line feet in width. Sandby's view is from the a outh-east, and showfe its southern side with its t ngle towers and the eastern end with its r mailer bastions. s Subsequent Alterations and Additions., 1, A comparison of this picture with that of the I aain south front of the present building, which I r re also reproduce, will indicate at once the r ilterations and additions which have since c teen made. The fabric of the original build- t ng remains,the only alterations in it have been r he cutting of larger windows, the substitution c of the moat at the eastern end by a raised ter- c -ace between parapets, and the erection of ths c landsome doorway where the old portcullised c ■ntrance onca stood. The additions to the 1: >riginal structure consist of the western ex- tremity, to the left hand in the picture, of f -he south-western bastion. This work, how- ] ever, belongs to the era of the first Lord tfilford, at the beginning of the 19th century, md before we reach that period a good deal las to be said regarding the history of the 'amily during the sevenceafeuries wfeichelapsed vetween the coming of its Norman founder and the creatioh of its first, peeIt. The list nciudes many eminent men, both statesmen E md warrfetfs. For generations the male 1 branch of the Picton family survived I until Sir William do Picton left no male jam, and his da-ughter and heiress Joan, married 1 Sir John Wogan. Their great grandson was Sir John Wogan, in which generation the male < issue once more failed, and his daughter and 1 heiress married Owen Doun. Their sou was I ] Sir Henry Doun (or Donne), who died lowring only one daughter who married Sir Thomas Philips, Kt., of Kylsant, from whom Lord Mil- ford was the 8th in descent. Pour generations later, John Philips, of Picton Castle, was created a baronet in 1621. His son Sir Richard Philips, the second baronet, lived at Picton Castle in the days of the great struggle between King and Parliament. An Interesting Story. Concerning the side in which Sir Richard took in this struggle there is some curiously conflicting evidence, for Fenton states that the castle was garrisoned for the king in the time of the civil wars by Sir Richard Philips, 1 and surrendered under the follo wing curious circumstances. In the lower storey of one of ihe bastions in those davs was ft nursery having a small win- dow, still existing, at which the maid was standing with Sir Richard's eldest son Eras- mus, then a baby in her arms. A trooper of the Parliament forces approached the window with a letter, to receive which the girl opened the window, and while she stretched forward the soldier lifting himself on his stirrups, snatched the infant from her arms and threat- ened to put him to death if the castle was not surrendered, which to save the life of the child ras complied with. This is one side of the tory now let the other be related. Picton Stormed by the Royalists. Mr Edward Laws, in his history of Little England beyond Wales," upholds the view hat is generallv accepted to-day, and relates hat Col. Gerard after taking Haverfordwest, larched to Picton Castle and stormed it. In upport of this view he quotes the following rom a contemporary despatch. Col. Gerard rrived at Picton -1 the seat of Baronet 'hillipps, where the rebels liave made a very B tronghold where he presently sent in his in ummons, but the rebels being obstinate, G ,bout 12 olclock that night he fell on and N tormed it and mastered it in less than an hour N pith a loss of nine common soldiers hurt and F aken, but not one officer only Col. Butler, a T aliant gentleman received a shot whereof ti ? is now past danger. In the castle were B ound three barrels of powder, 150 arms, Baro- si Let Phillipps' son and two of his daughters, tl ,good round sum of ready money, and 12 d, runks of plate, besides 500 pounds more of aoney going to sea. The castle itself is very u; trong and in good repair." A possible ex- ti Sanation of Fenton s error, an error, still F uriously enough, perpetuated in Burke's y leerage,is that subsequently Yicton Castle was it N x e-taken by the Parliamentary forces. The fact emains, however, that Sir Richard Philips lid not garrison Picton Castle for the King mt for the Parliament. It is interesting to lote that this Col. Gerard was the royalist ifficer referred to in one of our recent articles in St. Fagan's. He was at one time governor if Cardiff Castle, but was removed from that Iffice after the appeal made to King Charles I. C )y the men of Glamorgan at St. Fagan's. d Strong corroboration that the Phalipps' t amily at that time took the side of the I Parliament is found in the fact that under the v Protectorate Sir Erasmus Philipps played a 8 eading part in the administration of the E bounty of Pembroke. He was member of g Parliament for the County, and custos rotu- I orum in 1654 and 1655, and in 1659 was ap- pointed a militia commissioner for South Wales. Had his family at that time been iteong Royalists this is hardly likely to have been the case. Sir Erasmus was a man of great learning and strongly marked char- acter. He has the reputation also of having been somewhat of a pedant. He it was who altered the spelling of the family surname intro- iacing an extra p," urging that it should be spelt Philipps," because the Greek word hippos, a horse, from which the latter portion of the name is derived, is spelt in this way. The Good Sir John Philipps. James PhiUips, in his History of Pembroke- shire remarks upon the fact that from 1688 to 1789, the secular history of Pembrokeshire circles round the Philippses of Picton, and the Owens, of Orielton. Under Sic, John Philipps, the fourth baronet, who succeeded to the es- tates in 1694, he says, the Picton influence became as powerful as it had been in the da ys of his gfcat grandfather. His well-known sobriquet of srood Sir John is hardly fair to a family who for generations had maintained a high standard of public and private morality, but it marks the deep impression which he made on his contemporaries. His connection with Sir Robert Walpole, whose first wife was his relation, gave him additional weight in official circles. He was the friend and patron of Geo. Whitfield, whom he helped with money in his University career." In our next article we shall deal with the additions made to- Picton Castle by Lord Mil- ford a century ago, and conclude with some description of its external and internal appear-- ance since it has been in the hands of its pre- sent hospitable owner, Sir Charles E. G. Philipps, Bart. I' (Next week-PICTON CASTLE II.) — T

BELGIUM AND THE CONGO. It is understood that King Albert is very seriously devoting himself to a settlement of the Congo question, and that his Majesty ad- heres to the view. for which it is understood he was originally responsible during the late King Leopold's reign, /that a special Congo re- presentative should be sent to the capital of each of the Powers signatory to the Berlin Act. The whole matter will probably be discussed at a Council representing the Belgium Govern- ment and the Congo State this day week.

WITH ARMS, IF NEED BE. Bluefields, Wednesday.—The action of the Commander of 11.M.S. Scylla, at Greytown, in j informing the officers of both Government and revolutionary troops that he is prepared to land a strong force in the event of fighting to prevent the destructioD of British property, has greatly embarrassed the Cbnstitutionalists • in their attack on Bluefields. It is likely that only a blockade will be established, as Com- mander Ihesiger s order declares that he will nn^reo !t TVT+h nrrr? if m<-iPosr~y-T?^tpr.

AVIATOR'S TRIPLE FEAT. New York, Wednesday—A telegram from Los Angeles, CaJifornia, where an aviation week is being held, states that yesterday-the second day of the meeting—Mr Glen Curtiss made no fewer than three fresh records. With a passenger accompanying him, Mr Curtiss reached a speed of 55 miles an hour. The time taken by the aeroplane to rise into the air was 6 2-5sec., and the distance run before the ma- chine left the ground was only 98ft. These various feats were accomplished in the presence of about 30,000 people, who showed extreme enthusiasm. Duringthe day M. Louis Paulhan made several good flights, and attained a height of 400ft.—Central News.

WELCOME RAIN. Sydney, Wednesday.—There has been a bountiful downpour of seasonable rain through- out the State, with the exception ot portions bf the North coast and Western division, im- proving the agricultural and pastoral pros- r\f,^to.prnt^r. 1

REPUBLICAN PLOT Against King Manuel. Lisbon, Wednesday.—The investigations which have been made by the police have plainly revealed the existence of a carefully planned and widespread Republican plot against the Royal house. Arrests of persons suspected of complicity in the plot continue to be made, and according to the Diario de Noticias" sensabional disclosures are being made by prisoners. For the present the Government refuse any detailed information, but admit the existence of a determined movement to overthrow Royalty. Arrangements have been made for the King to leave the capital to-morroW for the Royal Palace at Villa Vicosa.—Central News.

MULLAH'S SPIES. Aden, Wednesday.—News has reached here t hat 30 of the Somaliland Mullah's spies have attacked a friendly native tribe, killing 20 men, women, and children, and looting 500 rV. — P mif rr. t

Canada and Defence. I GERMANY'S OCEAN ROWER. Thrilling Speech by Mr Borden. c Ottawa, Wednesday.-In the Dominion tl iouse of CommoDs to-day, Sir Wilfrid Laurier, si itroducing the Naval Defence Bill, said the pi overnment were proceeding to organise a aval Service very much on the lines of the Eilitia Act of Canada, including a Permanent tE orce, a Reserve Force, and a Volunteer Force. hey would commence with the early construc- tE on of a fleet composed of two cruisers of the ristol class, three of the Boadicea class, and x of the improved River class. This year J< lere would be an appropriation of 3,000,000 y nllars. tl The Prime Minister further explained that, alike the Militia, there would be no conscrip- on for the Navy. The whole of the Voluntary y orce wpuJd be under the administration of ti lC Department of Marine and Fisheries, but G would be under the immediate control of a 01 aval Controller, advised by a Naval Board. An important provision in the Bill is that in ise of emergency the Government may by an ol rder in Council place the fleet at the disposal rs E his Majesty for general service with the aj ioyal Navy. is Asked whether emergency meant war in BA anada or abroad, Sir Wilfrid Laurier replied, War anywhere." If Great Britain is at war ith any nation of the world then Canada is 0: able to invasion, and Canada is at war. There f( ill Be pensions for the Naval force, and there jij ill be a Naval College similar to the Royal a [ilitary College at Kingston. If possible the C4 lips will be built in Canada. Mr Borden, Leader of the Opposition, con- rasted the action of Canada with that of b .ustralia and New Zealand, which had re- p ponded fully to the suggestions of the Ad. E liralty for a fleet unit, while Canada had u iged. The response of Australasia was in s1 roportion to its population seven times that 8;. f Canada. Mr Borden, continuing, said ianada's proposals were either too much or too ttle- too much for an experiment in the 51 rganisation of a Canadian Naval Service, too p ttle for immediate and effective aid. Mr torden regarded the possibility of war with 54 termany as very real, remarking that Ger- w lany was as supreme on land as Britain was n the ocean. "Germany has boldly challenged our supre- is lacy on the ocean," Mr Borden said, and C re have no right to resent that challenge. If p he Germans prove themselves the greater race, h i they have greatex resourcefulness, patriotism, ÎJ igher skill, superior organising ability, nd have more sincere and self-sacrificing latriotism they are entitled to be supreme on c he sea as they are now on land. We have no n ight to resent the chaUenge but unless the s ncestral blood flows less red in our veins we hall meet it with a heart no less firm than v hat witn which our forefathers encountered he shock of the Invincible Armada. I do-not jiow if there will be war, but even without par, without the firing of a shot or the striking f a blow, without an invasion, German naval upremacy would bring the Empire to an end.. f Canada is true to herself she will not fail in he day of the trial of the Empire, but will tand proud, powerful and resolute in the very orefront with the sister nations. We have | he resources and trust the patriotism to pro- I ide a fleet unit or ^t least a Dreadnought, j without a moment's unnecessary delay. This is £ ur duty to the country and to the whole Jrapire. (Cheers).

FIRST LABOUR EXCHANGE IN j LONDON. Camberwell has the first Labour Exchange [ )ffiee in London. It consists of a roomy ouble-frouted set of offices,. bearing across be front the sign Labour Exchange j loard of Trade." Mr Richard Bell, pho recently resigned his position, as f enoral secretary to the Amalgamated t iociefcy of Railway Servants, has been r ^ven an appointment in the Labour Exchanges e iranch of the Board of Trade by Mr Winston f Mr Richard Bell j I 11 Labour Exchange, Camberwell. J Churchill. It is understood that the appoint- ment is attached to the Central Offices of the Labour Exchanges, and that Mr Bell's salary will be JE400 per annum, rising to £ 500. Mr Bell will commence his new duties as soon as can be conveniently arranged. Mr Bell has repTcsented the Labour party in Derby at Westminster since 1900, and was general secretary of the Railway Servants' Union for 13 years. A native of Merthyr, he entered the service of the Great Western Railway Com- pany when a lad and later became a guard.

THE CHINA STATION. Vice-Admiral Sir Aifred L. Winsloe has been appointed to Bucoeed Vice-Admiral the Hon. Sir Hedworth Lambton, K.C.B., K.C.V.O., as Commander-in-Chief of the China Station. Vice-Admiral Winsloe, who has been Fourth Sea Lord of the Admiralty since 1906, will be remembered as the commander of the Opbir during the tour of the Prince and Princess of Wales to the Colonies in 1901. He entered the navy in 1865 saw service in the Egyptian cam- paign and was present at the battle of T el-el- r I Vice-Admiral Sir A. L. Winsloe. I- ILEDIT. lie was aiso empioyeu au. au in the East Indies in 1890, where he was men- tioned in despatches, and two years Irto he was promoted to a captaincy. In the Chino- Tapanese "War he commanded H. M.S. Spartan. Admiral Winsloe was engaged as a commis- sioner in drawing up the boundary between Portugese territory and that of the Chartered Company in 1891.

LINER DISABLED. Bremen, Wednesday.-The captain of the North German Lloyd steamer Prinz Friedrich Wilhelm, bound for New York, has sent a wireless message ftating that the vessel's rudder is broken, and that she is being steered with auxiliary steering gear. There is no danger. The wireless message was despatched rr0:"1 Vm i?.? WfH;.— T?

WELSH GLEANINGS. News and Views in Lighter Vein. William Cadwgan, who was clerk to the 'rivy Council under Charles I., was born at Cardiff. According to Principal Sir Harry Reichel" ie Irish Roman Catholics have just recon' iructed their ministerial training on the same rinciple as the Welsh Nonconformists. Fifty per cent. of the Nonconformist minis- srial students receive a University training in Tales, passing through a course of study ex- mding over five or six years. A capital biographical sketch of the R J. ohn Morgan Jones, of Cardiff, by Professorfor oung Evans, appears in The Torch Ù8 month. A correspondent calls attention to the fate lat the Park Hotel, Barry, was not built by ie late Mr Hopkin Knill, but by Mr R. I. eorge, now of Porthcawl. Mr Knill, however, btained possession a few years afterwards. The Swansea Grocers' Association is the klest in Wales, and it has invited the Fede- ition of the Grocers' Associations to hold its nnual conference in that town in 1911. There every probability that the invitation will be ccepted. Several Welsh members of Parliament aad bher are members of the General Committee irmed to further the Shakespeare Memorial rational Theatre which, it is hoped, will hawa solid base by the year 1916, which is the tow- entenary of the poet's death. Mr Ernest Rhys thinks that Cardiff, nam uQdmg some of her greater edifices in Oatbsja 'ark, ought surely to have in time to oomeher [ouse of Shakespeare, the one mnafrw wfafc nited Celtic imagination with tbeSGoD cflfr sructive habit of mind, where her oromnA nd drtnaaa may be given place. Crimeless North WaJea Anglesey for nccessive Quarter Sessions has had OP risoners. Carnarvon and Merioneth t*e*oe uring the past twehse moDtbs have alao pi» anted the chairmen of Quarter Seasaons wttk rhite gloves. Mr Jones, of LJwynmeredith, Motiwey, wba over 85 years of age, has been a tenant oftlfcB iilgwyn Estate for 55 years, and daring that eriod has sat down to 109 audit, flrnfwirfr aving only missed one of the tenants' ga,that- 19S during that period. An Englishman who has spent a oixarter o £ a entury in Wales declares tihat the .ature is essentially practical, the Wefefe peculative the Englishman thinks mare of rofessional training, the Wetiawm-oi liiamingii A South Glamorgan elector is greatly 000- eraed about knowing where the Cooservastave andidates for Wales come from, and whafc lecomes of them after playing feeir little ÐØt t election time. Do they sleep in caveslikC Arthur's men ?" be queries. Mab-y-Mynydd says that dining the lflfc. rears of the expounding of Unitarianism in the len-dy-Cwrdd, Cefncoed, there has only beet even ministers, and one of these, the Rev* )aniel Davies, cannot be said to h&ve been ettled minister, as he merely volunteered hif ervices until a pastor could be found. The descriptions and summaries of tha. Ia.cred Books, or Bibles, of all Religions, apt rearing in Great Books of the Wodd," art rom the pen of Professor T. Witton DavieSi ).D., of Bangor. In the current number No. 7) The (Egyptian) Book of the Dead md Brahminjsm are dealt with. A Tariffist went to a Carmarthenshire meet- og, and his knowledge of the language of thf people was very limited. Dim 11 yn gwobod >eth yw Tariff Reform yn Cunrag, nlico gwobod >eth yw e' t". he asked. Starvo," was th. eady reply of an ancient looking rustic at the snd of the room. I don't like the word," observed the bewildered orator. Neither de ve," cried the Free Traders, who so com- jletely nonplussed the speaker that he hastily -esumed hts seat. Miss Muriel Matters, the suffragette who created such an impression" upon Cardiff audiences recently, is leading the cam- paign against Mr Lloyd Geokge in the Carnar- von Boroughs. She says she has a great admi- ration for the Chancellor of the Exchequer, md all she asks hjm to do is to convert the jther members of the Cabinet to her way ot [junking or turn them out! Sir Ivor Herbert never misses an opportunity bo fire off a pithy Welsh phrase in his election iddresses. Speaking sotto voce to his plat* Eorm supporters at the packed meeting at Ahercam, and referring to the stifling heat of the hall, he said, "Mae yma ddigon o wres { bobi pob aelod o Dy'r Arglwyddi. (There is enough heat here to roast every member pt the House of Lords.) The following election song by the Rev. :1. Valander Jones, of Handovsry, to be sung tel "Captain Morgan's March,' has in it the necessary go for a victorious party. Daeth dydd yr ymdrech ddeMrrion Cymru fad Codwch yn lluoedd dros eieh gwlad f Byddwch wroniaid Sefwch dros y gwir Mae'n bryd ysgubo trais o'r tir Mynwch eich hawlia.u ro'w'd i chwi gan DduW Profwch bellach fod genych hawl i fyw tfnwch yn filoedd er mwyn dod yn rhydd Ooncwest sydd gerllaw ac fe ddaeth y dydd Cawsom arweinydd na fu gwell erioed Ofna'r Arglwyddi swn ei droed! Hyn ydyw'n Glyndwr a n Llewelyn Fawr Tyna gastelli trais i lawr Codwch Frythoniaid bellach daeth y dydd Mynwch ga.el y wlad o'i chadwyni'n rhydd Lawr a'r Arglwyddi fu'n gormesu cy'd Y mae genych hawl i gael rhan o'r byd. The paper read by Sir Harry Reichel, th< Principal of the University College oft Nortibi Wales, on the supply and training of candi- dates for holy orders at the St. Asaph Diocesafll Conference has been published in pamphlet form. In his conclusions he arrives at tp. theory that if the Welsh Church insists on per- petuating the present system she would con- demn the bulk of her own ordinands to a shorter and less adequate training than thai received by 50 per cent, of her Nonconformist competitors, and cutting off the ministeriiM training of Churchmen from the main educv, tional and intellectual current of the national life. How bitter is the Tory attack upon Lloyd George in his own constituency may h* gathered from the following card, which it being distributed broadcast in the Carnarvon Boroughs :— George, my boy, never run down Radical. God made Radicals just the same as U. made Fleas, Lice, Bugs, Worms, Slug*, Toads, and all other Beastly, Craw'inj, Creeping, Slimy things.v Why He made", them God Himself only knows, but you should never run them down. In the recent colliery disaster at Cherry* Illinois, a young man from Skewen was the l*«t to leave the pit alive. On his way to the sur" face he saw two men, a father and son, struggi* ing to escape from the fiery mine. They wen almost overcome when he took one on eacfc arm and brought them to safety. On the surw face he recognised them as two fellow country* men, and these three were the only Welshmen working in the mine who were saved. At Swansea a man described as a grocer & alleged to have committed a serious tactical error in that town a week or so ago. Witfc apparent designs on a quantity of coppol cable, valued at £10. which reposed peacefully in a marine store dealer's, he knocked at tho house next door, asking to be directed to tho dealer aforesaid. As luck, or ill-luck, would have it, a policeman lived in this house, and becoming suspicious, he followed the quaai- grocer in his cart, and put certain 4f SherlocJt Hohnesy questions. Briefly, the result the grocer got the copper, but the copper got the grocer. Professor Henry Jones had the hardihood tt tell a Carnarvon audience that Welshmen werv victims of tradition-they were not allowed tA choose their own religion. Not one of thoa present had been given an opportunity of de- ciding which of the various religions of .the world they would choose, so as to satisfy themselves which was the best. They had followed in the traditions handed down to them by their parents, and, therefore, they were the victims of the opinions of thodi ancestors. They accepted that which had bc.¡¡ shaped and moulded by society. They the victims of social environment. There were Welshmen and Englishmen it Gower in the time of King John and thel appear to have been the unwilling hosts of th< sergeants of the Castle of Swansea. King J ohl liberated them from the obligations of hoar pitality by a charter granted at Christ-chun { on November 11 in th,e tenth year of his reigs The liberty is recorded in the following quaift terms :—" That we have released the Wclnk men of Gower from the custom which 0J1 sergeants of the Castle of Sweinsey had of tai ing their food with the aforesaid Welshmen and our will is that they be not herein by an' one henceforward molested or aggrieved.1 The Englishmen of Gower were similart liberated from the obligation to entertain th sergeants of Swansea. No doubt other peopi would be ghd in these days to be freed fro: the need of entertaining unwelcome guests t 'V 'i":10 \viv.