The Cardiff Times

3 [ WELSH PRI2 B ROW NB RE and Jon II 8" LONDON BAKEBY rt! m nrf? SEPTEMBER, 1905. JSd FIBST. SECOND. and THIRD PRIZES J>ac'1 of TO ,Qd UP I Bat, as REYNOLDS' -b a way WHEATMEAL I&$ had ection BREAE^" J. REYNOLDS & CO., LTD., MILLERS M GLOUCESTER. Order Reynolds' Brown Bread from Bakers and Stares all parts. 3705

WORKMEN'S TOPICS. BY MABON, M.P. THE BLACKPOOL MINERS* CONFERENCE. th. *"—— 6 Mineta federation anDtla! conference was d llj6 8* Blackpool last week. The proceedings of first day and a half were held in tbe absence tllldthf;1 president (Alderman Edwards, Barslern) e* the presidency of your bumble servant, IIbl 1Vnb others regretted very much the unavoid- absence through illness of Mr Edwards- life**8 are Hpeciatoccasionswhenaconferenee 'ide tile one held at Blackpool needs the special a^d guidance of a leader having tbe matured Ji::erlence, judennent, and steadfastness of Mr jj "atd8. And I ventnr" to think that the «j, was such an occasion. The parent aaso jjj '0l> covering the English federated area is thfc80,tle tron^'e respecting tbe demand made by etnnloyerB for a reduction in wages of 5 per •» which, if awarded by Lord James, will £ the wages down from 40 per cent, to 45 per 'ak°ve the standard wages of the year 1888— °wn Federation, we all know, are in tbe tiptoes of negotiations for the renewal of tbe -ent Conciliation Agreement governing the of onr Sonth Wale? miners—and if the Cr, of oar employers are correctly voiced by "lie tlj stormy petrels," to two correspondents ^ith ate alrcadJon the wing, the case, though not A[, °Qt (,°^ne bope, most not be taken as settled. |0 ^'ently there are some 6erioas differences. *0fti *'and' 'bough P0ace was secured there III, time in the latter end of last year, the agree- lk«tt Is not of that Datnre that would continue ♦fee Peaco ev«»n there if the other two Federations, English and Welsh, especially tbe Welsh, SQbmit to any redaction in tbe standard '^sir minimum wage. Hence the reason why l4v**8 »o desirable that the conference should ^tl,e benefit of tbe guiding hand of its own IU, president. We were, alt of as, down. t glad to see him able to take the chair in •ttexnoon session of tbe second day. i*y • next morning—tbe morning of the third Ulj^^e delivered bis annual address, and >0Rb having baen suffering for some days Iij, tbe effects of a chill, theatmoaphereof Jiu bool, or perhaps rather the presence of his ei°B8 friends and colleagues affected him to lbs a t)ea,es tbat be was able t0 deliver one of I^^Ost important speeches ever given from that 1^. chair, and that with vigour and *t'00 'bat wonld be creditable in much Ser rneD- IQ that address be argued that *0 Prospects of trade were sufficiently hopeful ^arrant the chairmen of the Conciliation f^s —English, Welsh, and Scotch—in hold- *h&t there sboald be no diminution in r* wages. The ontlook of the trade, be St. Was nothing like so depressing as it was a 4^*30. Great improvemeut'had been effected fitt( Pas' 40 years, yet to-day how many of ^^Jfery explosions would tear close inquiry ? hq last year great eaotta were made to the Northumberland miners within tbe *U,j'iooJold. We wanted anion between us '00 Northumberland a.nd Durham, but it was few K a price for as to pay to yield upon tbe Hours Day, and by their being oatBide Itltllt blocked tbe way of that and the Employ Of Boys Bill. We had managed at last to I'fcssed through Parliament the Check- Bill. They were thanbfnl for that, it was thankfulness for a very small t). ^O^ing of tbe present Government, that merits or demerits they had, they Vv^ir friends like »U otber people that went ^4^ He could understand that there were I'klS fceople with vested intereeta who had a Ioz thie Govern jient, bat from the workers' ity, Of view they bad not much to thank Tb«ir first great etfoit did not mark tbem special favourites of the Democraay. They 4^. tajasbed two small Republics In South and ,oofeinK b»ck after tbe war and \t nR wbat had followed he conld not tbiok *Dyone could be mistaken as to tbe reason smashed those Kepublics. It was be- °f the wealth that tbey contained that destroyed. And what bad followed ? 1 a satire on our boasted civilisation the and regnlations to manage jbnman tf Those atrocious \cts were the outcome tt)6 6 greed for money simply and purely, and' of persons that hungered after tbe .tal: bad already Rot more than their fair abare l'ghts and privileges of this great Empire. ^^°Oed the day of reckoning wonld come 'y> that tbe great mass of men in this bfy uy would net be wasted in minor issues, ;C:b *°0,d smasb the Government in return in *Hj way that no Government was ever *Ut ft(i before, in order that they might wipe OtHi 'be disgrace of tbia mosl melancholy Cllce*: of K a. Old Age Pensions, ,lI'i<t that be had no objection to offer to a ^bo bad served his day and generation a pension in bis old age. While tbe *8 9boutetl 01H for the expansion of the ,tlid (lIte for somebody else a vast number of tbem (,a'8tly into tbe Workhouse in tbe It" It)q of tbeir days. Another question that Sg c°ming to the front fast, and rightly eo, unemployed question. If ever the- tneenbers exhibited to tbe workers of tbis lbe possibilities of a Laboargroapin 6otfteni they bad it in this case of the nnem- It was the persistency of tbe Labour S»t 6?s lbat forced tbe hands of tbe Govern- Nfe t Act was inadequate, bat it was a St °.Waros a broader and wiser measure deal- w'th the question. And he suggested that 'v6jt5Q6nrjployed might be set to work on tbe ^tj^^ent of inland waterways and other projects. The land question lay at the Vu Of much of the aotrow and suffering of 1 to Labour representation, tbey S^jJ0r great effort, secured twelve or fourteen *a in Parliament. But he hoped that next General Election Labour wonld ^uch greater strength. He strongly advo- H^ing a fair trial to their own Federation i fftly6' They had already agreed to form a «^r« k*bour party, and he wanted men sent 8n°k a manner that wonld place them ^bly independent position, with their Ss^ 'Pa, (Sc., and without being under tbe 'y to have to appeal to anybody else than "b for all the financial support that they » 'It eu. That waB a 8peciai manner in which lst8(1 to Bee every Labour member placed, ^ust also not forget tbat fvery member 5**t( 011h1 elect would have to be a Labour man b° bad very little donbt about evary Q56m^er being amongst the most pro- '"embers of anv section io tbe Hoot* of c°nference declared strongly in favour of ih8 or all colliery workmen, and even this CSttR 11 favenr of tbe hours of all employed rOnnel. being reduced to Eight Hours Per Day. carried unanimously to give to the b(Q"*ftn and Boys Employment Billprlority in Vt'^h to be brought before Parliament- K^tg to the Eight Honrs Bill for r ^8 decided to proceed on tne lines ofjtbe *h 'by which the working ^bonrs would O^ht*1*'1-* ?f-daced to eight per day. It was 'b'8 change less friction wonld ij* Of, with regard to tbe economical ^aesti°n on tbe part of employers, as C th. Ri.va time to gradually meet and provide tj,e c'roQmBtaDces and tbe demands made O"* tt power necesBaty to bring tbe of coal to bank in the reduced Ijjjllt discussion also took place as to what 1'Rir 'Evolved in the words all employed Ci Atteution was oallcd by one of Wales representatives to tbe case of °Qd firemen, who hitherto had been V? &ill*a cOlliery officials bv tbe promoters of »**at 9ee,n2 that tbese men are Die"y *° assist themselves as long as tbey are V Ww *aa thought tbat it was high time for and their leaders to call attention eaae. For, according to a recent in- .'a 'be South Wale9 and Monnoonth- tbese men, generally speaking, nd to be working on an average TweWe Hours a Day. tjJ^|je '8 so, and we have no good reason for the report, how is it possible for who are supposed to be the lawful &Wh'lnn?f °nr mines, as regards seeing that '<»* men do their doty, and especially 0,ng in tbc faces ? How is it possibly* Of > «Q(>e "len, good as a large namber of tbem H *X4tntllay be, to properly carry out tbe duties *0* ciis'|0-nR 'be roada and working places in 'lcta P'"10' and preparatory toothers |fJtD{i! tbeir shsfta ? How can they pro- after the propping aad tbe tioakeriDR to be done during the day in the very large districts that many of them bave to examine and snperviae ? No wonder that the mining lecturer and organiser, who has paid due attention to this matter, asserted so strongly in his lecture a fort. night ago that in bis opinion a good many of the accidents that took place in the inner work- ings of our mines could be prevented by more adequate supervision. Seeing the true state of things with regard to the duties and bontB worked by this most important class of underground workers, the miners themselves In the interest of the safety of their own lives and limbs, feet that they must do what they can to see that onr callieiy firemen and examiners should not be overbnrdened with such long hours as thay now have to work. 1 have no c!oobt what- ever but that this matter will deaaand due atten- tion in any amended Mines Act that may come before Parliament again, nnd that time mn t in the nature of things soon eota< seeing that close upon two decades have passnrt since the Mines Act was really revised and iinptoved. Thejconference also strongly protested agniDst the Govern orient's delay in dealiDg with the old age pension scheme, more particularly as the Compensation Act is leodiDg to the dismissal of elderly workmen. It reaffirmed its declaration in favour of the uationalisation of land, railways, mines, and all the means of industrial produc- tion. It also called for amendments in the Workmen's Compensation Act, and particularly to the abolition of contracting oat and the removal of the dangets aris- ing from snbcontractiog. Vigorous protests were raised against any lessening of the scale of compensation to infirm or elderly workmen' or of shortening the period daring which claims may be sent in. The closing business of theconference was held with closed doors, and prolonged discussion ensued upon the advisability or otherwise of joining the L.R.C. Representation Fund. etc. It is no secret that there is a vety atrong difference of opinion among varions sections on this ques- tion. A ballot of the members of the Federation throughout England, ScotlaDd and walee is to be taken, and tbe report of the result is to be Bent to a special conference to be held when Parliament opem. The recent conference, in my bumble opinion, was abont the best, the most effective, and the most cordial tbat the Federa- tion baalever held, a cordial vote of thanks being passed t3 tho officials for the studious attention they bad given to Federation matters daring the year, and the conference brought tbe proceedings to a clote.

SCIENCE AND HEALTH T By Dr. ANDREW WILSON, F.R.S.E., Se. Health Teaching in Schools. The authorities responsible for the direction of educational interests in the country have at last woke up to the necessity for attending to recommendations made, to my knowledge, for tbe last quarter of century on the part of sanitarians to the effect that hygiene-that is, a knowledge of the laws of health—should be taught to every child in every school. My readers are aware that, personally, I have advo- cated this mode of combating the popular ignor- ance of health laws for many years, both in my public teachings and in articles such as these, in which I am privileged to address a large mass of my readers. It is not implied that hygiene is a anbieet wbich should be taught to infants but there can be little doubt that in the case of bovs and girls in their last year at school the intelli- gence is more than sufficient to graap the great principles wbich nnderlie the proper regulation of health. The medical profession recently unanimously agreed to petition the educational authorities in favoor cf some sueh movement. I am not Utopian enough to suppose that such a movement would bear instant fruit. A tolerable experience of life and its ways baa convinced me that the sowing of the seed and the reaping of the harvest in matters social and educational are two very different thicks or events,separated, as a rale, by an interval wbich leans rather to the iside of length than to that of sbortnese. Nevertheless, in dealing with living beings and their interests, we cannot expect mathematical results. We have, in other words, to till tbe soil, sow the seed, and by constant endeavour, watering and encouraging its growth, believe in a later aad bounteous crop. This is what I I argue will take place if the teaching of heailh laws be naadtf universal throughout tbe land. Lacking at.tbe ordinary educational programme we find an itnaaense amount of time and teach- ing energy spent on subjects which, as far its one can see, have little or uo relation to the fulare life of the pupils. Personally, while I am ardently in favoar of education all round of a perfect character as affording tbe best basis for the progress of the nation, I can still own I bat I fail to see the necessity for teacbing as matter- ing of French to the children of the masses. In so far as boys are concerned, they would be very mach better employed in being thoroughly trained, for example, in arithmetic and in the details of commercial work. In the case of girls, courses of cookery will be much more likely to lay the founaation of a. sound national consti- tution than piano playing, dan:iog, and exer- cises in English composition. Early Reformers. Many, many years ago, George Comber who. in my opinion, preceded Herbert Spencer in bis views as a Jiberal educationist saw clearly tbe defeots of the educational system of bis time. Bis argument may be summed up in tbe idea tbat a true system of education perfectly bridged over the galf between the school and tbe world, into wbich the pupil, sooner or later, would uake his or her entry, to become therein one of the world's workers. Herbert Spencer, in his little book on Education," argues very much on the same lines, and is especially strennons in the expression of his belief that a knowledge of the laws of health should be included in ths courve of instruction of every pupil. Both reformers spoke and taught at a time when their teachings Tell upon deaf eare. True, there were enthusiasts here and there who realised that tbeee men were speaking before their time, anti that the public of their day could not realise the intensity of their motives or the reality of their teachings. ThingB, happily, are different to-day. The only point regarding oar medorn education is that we aee-n to have diffused its aims so widely that he subjects taugfat become thinned off into almost vacnity. Leaving, bovsever, further criticism aside, we may congratulate ourselves on at least having aroused the public to a sense of what we owe to tbe children in tbe matter of fitting them for the struggle for existence. We require healthy unitstto continue the progress of a nation. Health is not a -natter of cbaoce it is a matter of edacatioto. Honce. if we desire to see out nation represented as it ought to be, by healthy units, we most endeavour to train onr toys and girls in such a fashion that they will be able to avoid the insanitary pitfalls, into which not only themseHea, but tbeir elders, are apt to tumble." Infant Feeding. By way of emphasising the need for that health culture, of which I have written in an earlier part of this article, I may quote an inter- esting example of a case showing the amount of extreme ignorance that prevails regarding the feeding of children in the most important stage of their existence, tbat is tbe period immediately [after birth. A reader of this col ama sent me aoaie time ago a cutting which reported part of a diesnssion engaged in by the Ciitheroe Educa- tion Committee on the feeding of children. A member of this committee very wisely stated tbat there was far too much of the system Mother a bite, baby a bite." One mother of 13 children, who bad only two living, was said to have stated that she did not know why the rest had died, seeing that she had given them everything they asked for. In another case, it it stated, the whole family was kept awake all night because the mother had fed her baby on pickled cabbage. Presaming that this report is- correct, I can well believe it, can we wonder that the mortality amongst children under one year old attains the frightful dimensions it does f I can parallel the case oftbe pickled cabbage for the baby by two examples related to me by medical men. One was called out early in the morning to treat a case of convulsions in a young child. Questioning the narse regarding the cause of the convulsions, he ultimately elicited the fact that the father and mother having come from the theatre,and having indulged in a. lobster supper, insisted on baby being brought down to share the repast. This is an example of West End ignorance. The other case is paralleled by the East End of the ereat Metropolis. A poor mother brought her child to the outdoor depart- ment of a London hospital. It was practically skin and bone, and on the doctor inquiring what she gave the child to eat, the reply was that she had tried to tempt its appetite with everything, including boiled whelks. There was bome excuse for the East End mother. Nobody had taken the trouble to tea:h her the proper manner in which her infant should be fed. Missions for the better- ing of the religious and social state are common. Earnest wornera in the religious field ate found who spend their lives amongst insanitary and sordid surroundings in the slams of all out great cities, bat whilst there is considerable anxiety regarding the soals of the anits aroand aa, their pbyaical weflfare and that of their helpless infants seems to be entirely neglected. A.t tho aame time it is clear the est End requires qaite as much sanitary instruction as the East End. I mention these facts by way of sup* porting my contention that a vast amount of energy IIf expended on aims worthy enough in themselves, but not half so important as laying the foundation of national prosperity as those which keep in view that first of all one must have healthy bodies and cleanly bodies before we can have healthy and cleanly mothers.

What kind of a looking man is that chaP, Gabbleton, you just mentioned ? I don't be. lieve I have met him?' Weil, if you see two tabu off in a corner anywhere, and one of them looks bQied (q the other one is GabbletOB.

MUSIC IN WALES. By D. EMLYN EVANS. THE SINGING OF THE FUTURE. In the brief paragraph referring to the receipt of Mr PfrangeDn- Davies's new book, which ap- peared in this column a few weeks since, we remarked that it was not a woik which could be read and disposed of offhand, but one that de- manded time and consideration for its proper stndy and in order to folly grasp its contents. And now that we have had opportunity to peruse the book from beginning to end more than once we fed that it is indeed so, and that it would require not one, but many columns for its ade- quate discussion. We do not suppose tbat all the statements made, the opinions advaoced, by the author will be accepted by everybody with- out demur. A work would bave to be either saperbnmanly perfect or made up of mere plati- tudes and truisms long aizo acknowledged by the world at large—ond which work therefore would be of no great value-before it could command each universal approval. But we have no hesita- tion in thinking that this new volnme will take its place as one of the ablest and most imooitant contributions of our day on the subject with which it deals-the art of song one prompted by deep feeling and thoughtfalness, and one calculated to have thongbt-compelling influences on those who may bring broad and unprejudiced minds to its perusal. Sir Edward Elgar, in a Short but pithy preface, states "This book is a serious appeal to the siuger, especially to the English singer," and be welcomes it and hopes for mnch real an3 lasting good from its dissemination. Written with complete knowledge by a singer who is also an artist, it forms a worthy portion, or it may be at this date a commencement, of that long- defiired new edifice of English (queiy, British ?) n usic which will some day be raised by those, and by those only, who have seen the most of truth "-the keynote of the preface being a phrase from Socrates: "The soul which has seen most of truth aball come to the birtb as a philosopher, or artist, or some musical and loving nature." If. anyone sboald tarn to this volame thinking to find in it simply technical instruction on singing, mnch as is usually met with in ordinary handbooks and treatises on the snbject-Ðlns something new and striking in the treatment possibly by an author who is tecognised as one of the ablest vocal artists of bis day-eucb an one will be disappointed. The book deals largely, of course, with technique in the muny chapters on What is singing?" Breathing," Tone," &c., but tbe writer treats it in his own way- from the mental, the psychic point of view, and not the merely vocal and physical. We get no anatomical illustrations nor learned disserta- tions on matters thoracic, crico-tfcyroideal, and epiglottic," &c., &,e., and assuredly one does not learn to sing by the study of physiology or by watching physical effects, any more than he learns to walk or to swim, and 80 forth. But the student will not be disappointed either as to the measure or the natare of the instruction and guidance contained in these pages in regard even to which may be termed those outward essen- tials which go towards Making a Good Singer, such as correct pronunciation, proper breathing sustained tone. and eo on. These matters and their like are emphasised over and over again, 10 mach &o possibly that some readers may think the author guilty of perpetrating that beinoas sin, tautology. When recapitulation, occurs it is pretty clearly done with a definite object, either to sammarise and to "bammer in what baa been previously stated, (sea Chapter V. for in- stance), or to present it in some other connection of aspect, so deep J. the teaoher's 86110itods and fervour. Mr ttftsngeon- Davies's message of message", however, lies not in the directions just indicated, and tbeir like, bQt is contained in the simpie pre cept-Leatn to think to use yoar mind to arrive at the, true or, in the words of Sir Edward Elgar, to understand. As the painter artist of old mixed his colours with brains," so must tbo vocal artist of to-day, if he desire to attain the position of a real interpreter, guide, and teacher, and not merely a "pretty" vocalist with no higher object than to tickle and please the ear by presenting the rubbish demanded by the anedacated for their pleasant degradation." It is Not Exactly a New Evangel, for it was in any case preached three hundred years ago and more by Jacopo Peri, and a cen- tury and a half later by Glock-whom Sir George Macfarien in hie Musical History describes as a grand reformer, or rather restorer of dramatico-musical art, yes, and a prophet who revived the principles enunciated in Florence on the threshold of the 17th century (by Peri and bis co-workers) which had been auperaeded by the vocalisms that bad nsaiped the throne of trath "-&ad by Wagner and others in later times. Nevertheless, this gospel of fundamental trath still needs proclaiming, and oar anthot doei not spare himself, as these pages of the work under notice bear ample witness. For instance, Voice mLeli grow ont Of language, and singetu moat begin their studentship by tinging thoughts, The senses most not be allowed to tyrannise over the vocalists of the future, who will moreover show perfect correlative beanty and absolute agility of voice, retultins from linguistic or, if you will, literal purity." Again, The vocalist does his work worthily when be maket the thought and the sung-word correspond jtBL as the composer (of vocal music) may be said to rise to tha^eituation when be makes the thought iu the word and the mnaical interval and phrase agree with each other." Tha order of precedence laid down is. 1st, Thoagbt; 2nd, Word 3rd, Tone." Mind, not the senses, must be regarded as the voice-trainer," and the character of the word, and not that of the tone-par se-i. the safeguard." A student's aim should be to sing a word, rather than to make a tone." "Beauty apart from jastness is unattainable* tone withont mindl'a vanity, aesthetics without ethics a snare." But we mast desist. The' work bristles with similar Aphoristic Pronouncements -concentra.ted essences, as tbey may be termed, of the trntb as felt, and it may be previously portrayed by the antbor. Some colamns may be profitably filled by citing others just as apposite and thought-laden, did time and space permit. But it would be more profitable still if the reader were to consult the original pages for bimeelf- profitable to the individual, and, if he be already embarked on the career of a professional musical artist, profitable too to the music of the caastry which he serves. The quotations which have been made were drawn from the, first half of the book the re- maining part dealing with style, oratorio: and opera is eqnally important, but we mast content ourselves with citing jast this one passage; It is not too mnch to say, in view of the works of the composers enumerated (operatic and dramatic) that the history of opera from Peri to Wagner is the history of the rebellion of typical or characteristic thought against the tyranny of the aeaaea not to the elimination of the due exercise of the senses, bat to the enthronement of typical tbongfat and imaginative reason above them." The shriekers of the so-called modern school will scarcely relish the loyal and mnsiclanly manner in which the author deals with the great masters of oratorio, Handel and Mendelssohn bat we are greatly at fault if that will not be reckoned to him for righteousness by those who:, have seen most of trntb."

They say that aatomobiling is a core for -consumption." Well, what good does that do a poor man ?" Ob, be gets in front of the auto. mobile." Mrs Crawford Why won't your husband bay an auto ?-Mra Crabsbaw He says we can run into debt fast enoalrb DOW without employing machinery. He (who has offended ber): Won't you look up i at me ?—She If 1 did you'd kisB me again. He: No honest, 1 won't.—She Then whafa- the nse Tramp Would yonae give er pore man wot is Btanin' aomethin' to eat?—Physician; Car. tainly. Tbat is the proper thing to give him under the circumstances, Sevan and sixpence, please. Publisher Your narrative ia much too bald. -Author: Very well, Iwill' lntro3nce«Qine balwieiDR incidents.

Illustrated Humour. Wanted His Share. Some time ago a gentleman canght a boy in the branches of one of his trees '■ Come down, you young rmtinl shonted the owner. Not while you are there," calmly replied the youth. Well I'll wait till you do Very well. Two honra passed before the lad snatubed an apple, took stsady aim, and it came in contact with the old man s head. Hallo, what the deuce do von mean by that? ■ .i 8°'nR to keep pelting you till the apples are all gone, unless yoo promise not to thraah me, If I am to bave a hiding, I may as veil have my bit of fun for it. And the-old fellow had to agree. Poor Father. Father (who hus helped hisson :'u St'. -Mivork); What did the master say when yon showed him tbe translation ? Johnny: He said I was geHinfrmorastupid everyday. Made Up For It. Bobby (admiring the Indian ittfc tattoehMS en Dick's arm); Did it hurt rouctf ? K Dick; Not till m. father saw ifc Waited To 8&e. Magistrate (to witness) Why did yon not go to the help of the defendant jw the fight ? Witness I did'nt know which of tbem was goinprto bo the defendant. The Great Qoaatfco, Fond Young Mother (with first-bora): Now, whieb of us do you tbink he is like ? Friend (judically); Well, of course, intelli- gence has not really dawned in his eocntenasoce yet, but he's wonderfully like both of you. Have You Found Tt True ? Can dogs find their way home fiam a dis- tance ?" is a question often asked. Here ia one answaf It's according to the dog. If it it is one that yon want to lose, it will find its way home from the North Pole. If is its a good oaw, it is sore to, got lost if it goes out of the yard. Hard Lines- Mr Wirks (looking over tiits paper) Cheap, Drogg and Co. are seilingoff all patent medicines at half-paiice. Mrs Wirks; Jut our look, Thero iltD" any- thing thing the matter with any of us. A Poser.' U Father, waete is atoms?" Atoms, my boy, what do yoo )mMO?" I Why, tbat Place where everybody gets blown to." t From One Point of View. Small Boy (to companion as b.yeé fat man reading feataiuant bill of fare) I wontdn't like ter be 'uoffty if I was bis size. In A Trarrtvay <)«r. The car wwe crowded, aud sitting next tmcii other were rather a fat man .and a little boy. On the tram's stopping, two ladies entered, but cocid find na seat. "Here, boy," nudged the man, "get up and" give one oi these ladies a aeaS:" Get up yousself, Fatty, and give them both a eeat." Saved Time. Barkey I didfi't know dat you could read, Downey t" Downey (apparently muob intereated in his paper): Oh. yes, I bab read eber since I WDZ-I er boo. v "Den how comes it dat you are readiag yo paper upside down?" "I always reads dat way, Downey, den 1' get to do bottom ob defects widow having to read down de hall colamn." Mr Snooks To what, air, do you attribute your suceess as a salesman ?—Me Sellem If a customer doesn't see what be wants I make him want what be sees. Dora Men may not think no, but neivadays, there are a ereat many gills who have no in- teation.of ever marryinf:.—George Oh, ttBOW it" J'vfrptmwd *»*4oseii ot Umb. I

Welsh Tit-Bits. I Nw Wreichion Oddiar yr Eingion. By CADRAWD. CARADAWC AP BRAN (Concluded.) Addressing Claudius, the Roman Emperor, in the presence of the vast assembly, Caradawo delivered his famous speech h Had the measure of my success been equal to my high position, and to the nobleness of my birth, I might have entered this city as a friend on equal terms aith the highest, rather than as a prisoner, and thou woaldst have bad the dis- tingniffhed honour of receiving peacefully one descended from an heroic race and a ruler over many chiefs and numerous tribes. My present condition, in proportion all it is disastrous to me, so is it glorious to thee. 1 was possessed of horses, soldiers, arms, wealth is it in the least surprising I should have been unwilling to part with all theee? Ifyoa Romans mast rule over til mankind, does it follow that all must submit willingly to slavery ? Had I promptly submitted to yoar arms, neither my present state, nor thy glory, would have been so signally distinguished' aud oblivion to my name would have followed my submission,' bat now, if thou wilt hold me harmless, i shall remain in history as an eternal example of thy paiasant mercy." The Emperor had in him, in spite of his vices a certain degree of magnanimity. He was touched admiringly by the noble fignre and manner of Caradawc. The Senators aiound him hr.tnmed applause at the speeeb, which broke out into load shooting when' the Emperor ordered t,be bonds to be removed from Caradawc's person, and bade him go free. This noble act of Claudius's publicly performed, and evidently wainR spontaneously, covers a multitude of his iins, and softens the reputation which bis memory has received. Taeitoa, though he dwells kindly over the incidents we have attempted to picture, does uot mention his father 88 being present in the pro- cession. Had any such mention been made, Dion Cassias bad been spared the error he fell into as to Caradawe's parentage. Although the triads are quite specific upon the fast of Bran having gone to Rome and remained there seven years, there is no evidence of his having been taken there as a prisoner. The probability is that he followed his son and family there voluntarily, being averse to parting with those he loved so well, and being ready to share in their captivity rat her than remain in Britain j far away from tbem. The Triads say be was there as a hostage, and it might be a fact that he offered himself as Bocb, or even that be was accepted as such for the freedom granted to Caradawc, as to many other distinguished Roman captives, only meant permission to live freely in> Rome itself. The fame of Bran, the blessed, rests wholly npon the triads and upon the Brut y Tywyaagiou, which book ia no doubt a compilation of earlier and lost writings. The story of Caradawc bere terminates. No furthe mention is made of him from the moment his bonds were removed. He vanishes utterly from accepted history at the close of the day which had witnessed him a captive and nltimately a free man. His father, Bran, and his brethren returned after the end of the seven years to Britain. They bad ceased to have any influenced Siluria, in a military sense, other leaders having arisen in their absence. The Roman struggle with the Silurians did not end on the capture of Caradawo bat continued with varied fortunes for upwards of 16 years. Ostortus, < the Roman general, it is said, was so vexed by want of success against tbem that it caused his death. He was sacceeded bv Aulius Didins, by Vemnias, and by Saetonias, and so troublesome were the Silurians to each of these that it was ultimately decided 10 Rome, that like the Sagtrtnbra, a German tribe which had in a previous age proved troublesome to the Roman arms, the verv name of tbem mast perisb off the face of the .,rth. The Sugumbri were actually removed from Germany into Gaul, so as to effectually destroy the name and its associations. There is a remarkable consensus of opinion amongst$iatoriana and ethnologists as regards the physical qualities of the Silurian race. They are described as small in suture, dark com- plexioned, black bair and eyes. and remarkably lithe and vigorous in body. They are believed by the best asuinent authorities to have been of the Iberian race, and not Gynric in blood, though speaking the Cymric language. No race answering to this description is now found within the confines of Siluria. What can have become of them ? Is it possible that their physical peculiarities have disappeared wholly by admixture with neighbouring races, or were they transplanted to GuI-like the Sagambri were to the Baaaae provinces, and to Brittany— where the type described may still be seen ? It may suit the pleasure of some of the present inhabitants of Silnria to meditate on the sup- posed return of Caradawc to Britain after his captivity, topictnte him as building for himaelf castles aad palaces at St. Donals, or Dunraven, eta., but the nrobabii ities are all against the supposition of sacb a return. The name of Caradawc in Siluria would bave created solaiers." and it would have been impossible for him to have dwelt there in the midst of an exterminating war, and have no part in it. It is quite oatside probability that the Romans would have permitted him to return, knowing as they did so well from experience the immense influence he could exercise amongst his own people. It is amongst the most singular of the changes that the mutations of time bring about that at this day the descendants of Flem- ings and Normans in Siluria should pride them- eeleeson Caradawc all a fellow countryman in 'blood, rather than as a British hero, whose greatness belongs to the soil more than to the race. Had the Silurians in the days of Cara- dawe but caught any of those Flemings and Normans bent on settling in Silaria by force they would have given them bat a abort shrift, and no respite or favonr. Yet at this day we are a different race, are prond that the great hero trod the soil Ofitbs country we have usurped, and having but slight claims on Cymric blood oar. selves,we are equally proud to be thoneht tebe privileged to speak the Hen laith Gymraeg. Verily, a speech in common makea a nation, and not parity qf race. The most probable conclusion to come to is that Caradawc died at Rome before bis father, Bran, returned to Britain, and there is a Roman tradition to the effect. The British tradition about his daughter to whom the name of Gwaladas has been given, being Claudia of Scriptare, mast be passed by here, our effort having been to make the sketch of Caradawc historical, and as free from donbta as it is possible. Had we aimed at the uuities of a drama, it would have been the duty in the interest of art to have rounded off remarks with the marriage of Claadia and Pudeas: bat Caradawc as a hero requires no doobtfal aide, no side lights to swell bis proportions in the world of fame. His detention in Rome, comparatively free and honourable aa his condition was then, must, spite of that, have been irksome and wearisome. Like the caged eagle be must bate longed for another kind of freedom, the freedom of his native hills and ondalating plains. His stoat heart most have patted against his golden thoagh invisible chains. He lived long enough for glory and for fame, and the world Jvrill not willingly let his memory die. The above assay was written by my late esteemed friend, Mr John Howells, of St. Athan, some 23 years ago. It has never been published before, and I am very pleased to have given publicity to this lacid sketch of ourfore., most hero—Caradawc ap Bran.

Judge Yon are charged with eteating a gold Bearf pin of the value of ten dollars. Are you guilty ?—Prisoner Not guilty yoar Honoar. The pawnbroker said it was tbrowin' money to the birds to let me have more than two dollars on it. She You only married me for my money.— lie: Serves me right for tryief: to bade up against one of those get-rich-quick games. Mrs Biffson My husband is reailv the neatest man I ever saw,—Mr Bangs I sboald say he was. You OQgbt.. t^SM ttotmi if9 -et01(Q9&«>e iW. W

Fashion and Things Feminine. BY MISS IDA MELLOR. A Cloak for Day or Evening Wear. The seaeon for evening dresses has brought with it some new and exceedingly pretty modes for dinners and theatres, and while fabrics of the chiffon family are, as usual, in the front rank of fashion, the taste for more substantial materials,_sach as soft, plain Batin and lovely brocbes, is likely to be cultivated, for large stocks of theae have beeu laid in for the present and coming seasons, and moire, too, is to be a leading yogae. This is a hint for those who are making plans for the purchase of a length of staff to be made up as a skirt that will accom- modate itself to varfoua occasions and varions blouses. Nothing could be better than blacs moire; an excellent «econd being plain woo- satin, made ap quite simply, with gathers at the waist, bat no trimming. An evening coat or cloak is what many women are, no doubt, want, iog-a coat that will serve equally well for day or evening wear, for a journey by rail or omni. bus, and for arrival in It dress places at a theatre or concert ball. A suggestion for an evening cloak may:be gathered from the accom- panying sketch, which shows a mantle of mole- grey, satin-faced clotb, bearing a deep capeedged with silk ruching and supplemented by a shorter cape trimmed with ivorylaee, and a storm-collar rnebed at the edge. Equally useful would be a coat of the same design made in black or light brown cloth, with coffee-col oared lace. The hat suggested in the sketch is swathed with obiffon on the brim, and trimmed with velvet bOWS-DO feathers or quills that might be injured by being tucked under a seat. Fashlens in Fur. For fashions have once more become an inter- esting topic, and some instruction on the new wraps in far may be helpful to those who are debating the important question of what to boy in the way ofpeltry goods. Fara are expensive, and the c'oice of tbem is not a thing to be lightly decided on. White far, though among the leading fashions, will bardly be the choice of those who are disposed to study economy, for vihite furs reqnire freq neat, cleani nK, being dependent for their beauty op their freshness. Ermine is lovety as stoles and muffs, but it is prohibitive in price, and, moreover, loses its charm when the far begins to change from white to yellow. White fox seta are very fashionable and white Thibet tar is also going to be worn but both those fnra in black are likely to be more general. Among brown furs, apart from the always lovely sable and mink, the chief thing is Siberian squirrel, dyed ia a oretty soft isba,do of brown. This is made up into long and short eoats of every description, a particularly fascinating model being a blouse-coat gathered to a high, shaped belt of cloth to match, lightly decorated with embroidery. Over this the coat poaches slightly, and is arranged in front to fold over, doable-bteaated fashion, or tarn back with revere to tbe waist, the fronts showing facings of cloth embroidered like the belt. Caracal dyed plain chocolate serves tor the composition of asme charming coats cat with and without basques. The model illustrated ,is of tbis pretty far, and is one of the smartest of the new coats for the early winter. It is provided with a deep collar and revers, and the fronts, crossing one another, pouch over the velvet belt. To sait the reaairenrsnts of all weathers, some of the most practical of the new far coats are made with detachable basqaea—ao excellent idea—so that on mild days the hips need not be hardened with the superfluous fur, but in wintry weatheer adequate warmth is supplied. The coat sketched should be copied in this way. Moleskin coats, ponched or aMqae shape, are notable among fur fashions, and Musquash baa risen to a place of importance in the ModiBtic scheme. Stoles are very long, and some of the handsomest models are arranged with doable-width skins over tbe shoulders, form ingja pelerine (hereabouts. Every fashionable far has of course its imitation to suit the pockets of those who cannot afford the real thing, and although tbe imitations oannot bold their own against the genurne articles, still, apart from tbew, they make a very good show, and are at anjrrate, jast as warm. Novelties in Millinery. New bats are flooding the shop windows, and amazing is the variety in shape and composition. Low crowns prevail, bnt, on tbe very latest millinery, crowns are growing higher, and are of quite a new shape, inclining towards the jam- pot," but of rather staated appearance. Smooth felts and rough felts, beaver and a new fleecy cloth, together with velvet, fur and panne, are pressed into the service of millinery, and the fashionable trimmings include featbetB, shaded and self-coloared, flowers of all descriptions, qaills, ribbon-velvet choux and draperies, lace, far, and buttons. A dove-coloured hat of beaver, with the brim in two shades, is turned up high at the left side, and encrusted at the edge with flat buttons, the size of a half-penny, of pale bias velvet, two-deep, and packed as closely together as the scales of a fish. A mushroom bat of gathered violet velvet bows itself over a couple of ostrich feathers curled under the brim where flowers or twists of tulle are wont to be placed and another mushroom hat of a different class is of white hairy felt, wreathed with brown roses, the brim being almost straight. Robin Hood hats of felt in dark areen and other colours, with decorative quills slanting from the front; bate that apparently start out with the intention of being torpedo-shaped, but change to flattened brims before reaching the front; very large sailor hats of velvet, and Polo turbans of far and cloth-tbese are a few of the leading styles in millinery of the moment. As to colours, the new felts and beavers take in from tbe darkest to the lighest, and include rich, deep reds, pastel pinks, every shade of fawn and dove, and damson- blue. Melon crowns drapped with velvet are associated with some very pretty felt hata with, rounded, up-curled brims. The Ventilation of a Sick Room. To keep the temperature of a sick room regu- lated, a thermometer ahoald be fixsd to tbe wall, and if the air is becoming too hot or too cool, either the windows should be opened wider or the fire made up. A temperature of 60 or 65 ia gener- ally sufficient- anlees the case is oue which con- cerns the 111111(s,. wben ft l«Qip*rftt«r»9f 70i» The sick room sboald be well ventilated. N( patient can sleep properly without a aofficienor of fresh air, bat all draoehts must be avoided and cut off, if necessary, with screens. A simple precaution is tu nss a Uth ventilator. Have a lath, about six inches wide, slipped just inside the window sash at the bottom. When the win- dow has been opened and tbe lath fitted into iu place, sbnt down tae window on to tbe piece ol wood, and ventilation will be obtained by having thns raised the lower sash, ths air continually coming into the room through the division ol the sasbes, and raising npwards towards the ceil- ing, while no draught whatever is felt. The latl venti lator is only applicable to a sash window, French windows are more difficult to manage so that they admit air without draught. Where thero is no lath at band, a sash window should be opened at the top, and the blind drawn dowa a little way. NO matter how tit a. paitent may be, the siofa room must be properly ventilated, and the meant best anited to admit air without draught adopted. Strangely enough, many invalids have an objection to a sufficiency of ventilation, and when this is tbe case the nurse most by tact obtain it unobserved. In foggy, misty weather, the opening- of the window shoold be covered with a. piece of flannel, to which impurities of atmosphere wilt stick and in dusty weather a piece of fine muslin may be substituted. A precaution that every narse should observe is never to pat the paitent in a direct line of dranght- that iI, between the open window or door and the fireplace. Sunshine does much in restoring patients to health. The old Romans appreciated the value of sunshine in illness, and treated by ann-batbs. Sunshine destroys disease germs, imparts warmth and is most reviving. Is has been observed that patients on the suony side of a hospital ward bave recovered more oaicty than those on the shady side. Light, sunshine, and fresh air are excellent pbysicrara. Patterns of all the designs appealing in this colamn can probably be obtained from tbe nearest pattern-leaking agency; but any readers who find it difficult to secara patteret locally, should send postal order, value Is 6jd, for bloase or short coat pattern, or 2s 6jd fot costume pattern, to Miss Iii. Meller, c.o. the Editor.

WELSH GLEANINGS. News and Views in Ughter Vein. The honorary degree of D.C.L. has been COD- ferred by the Darbam University upon Sir lsambard Owen. Mr J. Seal, a keeper at Llanstephaa Hons*, near Glasbury, recently caught a 251b. salmon is the Wye. The Rev. Robert Griffith, the well-known Walsh missionary of Madagascar, has jast arrived in this country, where be will remain on furlough for several months. The Choral Society of University College, Oar. diff. commences its practices this week for the session 1905-6. Past students of the college are eligible for membership, and can obtain fall In. formation either from the conductor, Mr David Evans, Mas. Bac., or from the bon. sees., Mn E.H. Griffiths and Mr D. G. Taylor, Uni- versity College. The orders for October posted at the head- quarters of one of the Swansea Volunteer Coipa, contain the curioaa annoutlcemenc-" The battalion will parade at 2.45 p.m., on Sunday. Oct. 15, for diving service. Dress review order without rifles or poaches." The notice omits to state whether the diving serne." is to be on the Swansea sands or in the Corporation baths. Next year's annual meetings of the Welsh Congregational Union to be held at Blaenan Festiniog have been fixed for July9th,10tb, llth, and 12th. The subjects ebosen for the addressee — at the ptralie meetings are The Present De- mends in eonceetion with Welsh National Eda- cation," The Life-of the Workfngman in the Light of the Welsh Awakenings dnringtbe last forty years," and Morgan Llwyd 0 Wynedcr. Message to the Present, Age. Ap Robin Ddu. Coctrfarf writes Morien mentions in his In- teresting letteron Robin Ddu's grave that hh son was 11 brought ap to the art of photography. My friend will be interested to know that young Parry is in the employment of Messrs Spiers and Ponds, the wen-known public food caterers. and that some of the handsomest of the many handsome menus issued by them have been designed by Ap Robin Ddn. Persons favoured with correspondence from Robin Ddu Eryri will remember tbat he was much given to making pen and ink sketches in the corner of his letter papers, and that they were very well executed. I have before me as I write a letter received from him when he was over 80 years of age, which does not bear bis ordinary or bardic signature, bat a drawing in black of a bird, which, I presume, was intended to represent a Robin Da 11 (i-e., a black robin). Aa a modern hieroglyphic this was descriptive enough, although, so f.r as I know, anch a thing is not fenown in nature. Drawing evidsntly is-an hereditary talent In the Parry family. A paragraph in the South Wales Daily News' on the ending of the Cumbrian express trains between Cardiff and-Absrystwytb implied," etates the writer, that with the ending of the service the holiday season also came to an end. Let me modify this. All who bave travelled to North Wales in the autamn know that just as-a summer day has its sunset 110 have the summer holidays one brief but delightful closing Beene, when the grandly tinted leaves come into their fall beauty, and adorn the woody hillsides of the North with their greatest attraction. The rich yellows, and red, the crimson ruby tints, blended with soft olive greens, reminded a post wanderer that it was a dowry of the sunset of snmnn upon the woods." -j The Early Welsh Ironwerkers. A correspondent writes — A good deal 01 early history is written in old churchyards. I am informed that prior to any ironworker of the 17th and 18th centuries, as far back as the Middle Ages, a Ciusader was buried in the old parish churobyard of Merthyr, and a atone com- memorative is to be seen there. As regards ironworkers, in the same place, there is one to the memory of an ancestor of Henry Stanley, the traveller, and of many of lesa fame. One can see amongst the Jones's, Williams's, and Evans's,one to Davydd Dafis; also to Seandrett, Gibbon, BroWn-AD ancestor uf a former Mayor of NewDort -8bo of such English names as Yates, Oldgreaves, and Hasssy. The trampling of many feet, and time's effacing ncpen, are wearing all away, and it would be well to get a record of the old pioneers before it is too late. Grawshay's Horse "Jack." In Llandaff Cathedral there is a maral 'tablet to tbe memory of the first Crawshay, Richard, stated to have been a man of great ability, strong will, and an infirmity of temper which came into active exercise on occasions in using a stick upon the baoks of stubborn workmen. Bat I have jast rescued from old papers (writes a correspondent) a statement by one who knew hi m personally, which put him in a more humane light. "He bad a horse named Jack, which would come, and go, stop, or turn, at the mere soand of the voice of his kind master. No whip or spur was %ve): re- quired, and soarcely a. bridle. Jack bore its master to market, and if it took occasionally a bite at something that was too tempting to be resisted, there was no chiding, but a cheerful payment. Horse andman understood one another No man or woman came between them, and when Jaek died it was mourned as friend monrns friend, and a grave and tablet found in the Park to which Grawshay, austere in face and ragged in manner, often repaired." What will CaPdiff Do P If the Cardiff people," remarks the Welsh Gasette," of Aberystwyth, succeed in paseiag tbeir Welsh scheme they will have endeared themselves to the Welsh people in a way that they have little coneeption of. Their anamp- tion of the name of Metropolis, their vulgar flaunting of wealth, and petty advertisement of their own wares under the cleak of Nationality, is seen through and laughed at; but nfrtrne patriot can afford to treat with contempt a town which deliberately attempts to revivify the ancient and sacred language of the race amongst the dry bones'of Saxondom. We heartily wish success to tne Cardiff scheme for teacBinc Welch, and if the County Council endorse it,'we shall bs the first to admit tbat Cardiff has at last —;» M