Papurau Newydd Cymru
Chwiliwch 15 miliwn o erthyglau papurau newydd Cymru
9 erthygl ar y dudalen hon
Horticultural Topics.
Horticultural Topics. FRUIT CULTURE. The subject of fruit culture is one which has not has not received sufficient attention in Carmarthenshire. The growth of fruit is generally a haphazard affair in this country. A farmer has a few trees. They are any sort and they grow anyhow" and because magnificent results are not attained in this happy go lucky style, he votes fruit growing a humbug. Probably, if the farmer went in for any sort of cattle, bred them anyhow, and allowed them to take care of themselves he would be inclined to vote cattle rearing a failure. But he gets the best strains of recognised breeds, takes every care in their selection, and feeds them on the best food obtainable, and then he finds that cattle-rear ing pays very well. So it is with fruit trees. The majority of the fruit trees one sees about the country are valuable in so far as they might serve for firewood. Some of them never—or hardly eyer-fruit for reasons, which will be referred to later. In many cases when they do fruit, the produce is of little value. The apples come into use in the autumn, and they are brought to market at a time when there is a glut and the result is that they are sold at something like a penny a pound. Con- sidering the inferior quality of the fruit, they are often dear at the price. People talk of the good prices which the American apples will fetch, as compared with English apples. Of course, good American apples fetch better prices than inferior English fruit but the Welsh or English fruit grower who has a quantity of "Cox's Orange Pippin" for sale in the Spring, can count on getting three- pence of fourpence a pound for them. Good home grown fruit heads the market. Many labourers and small farmers hesitate to go in for a few fruit trees because of the "J "I "I supposed high prices. A good well known tree which will fruit next year can be had from any respectable seedsman and florist for Is 6d. Young trees can be had much cheaper but those recommended are four- year-olds which if planted in the month of November will bear a crop next summer. For the sake of the few pence per head differ ence, it is hardly worth while buying trees which will have to be kept two or three years before they fruit. The trees when procured should be planted as soon as ever convenient, every day they are kept out of the ground is a loss. To receive them a nicely prepared spot should be selected. A hole should be dug and the ground well manured. When planting care should be taken to spread the roots out flat-like a carpet almost. If any encouragement is given to roots to dive down deep into the eatrh, the energies of the tree will be devoted to wood forming instead of fruit forming. It cannot be too often im- pressed upon beginners that the roots which make fruit are those which grow along the surface. To insure good fruiting qualities, some gardeners place a stone right under the centre of the roots, so that the tap-rot can not penetrate the sub soil. Others condemn this practice, and say that with proper plant- ing in a clay soil, the precaution is at least uncalled for. Root-pruning as it is called is founded on the facts narrated above. When a tree fruits badly, gardeners remove the earth around it, and care fully cut away the roots which sink deep into the earth. Trees which are doing badly are sometimes raised, their roots properly trimmed, and they are planted elsewhere. Root-pruning and trans- planting, however, are dangerous processes in the hands of unskilled persons. Prevention is better than cure. It is easier to train a tree to grow properly in the first place. When the tree is properly planted, a good mulch of stable manure may be placed on the ground over the roots. This protects the delicate young roots during the winter. The vicinity of the manure too has probably a tendency to draw the roots to the surface. A judicious top-dressing of bone meal is an excellent tonic for fruit trees which are established. Beside its actual value as a fertiliser, these top dressings encourage the trees to seek nourishment from the surface. There is habit in the vegetable world as well as in the animal world. Excellent app'es for dessert purposes may be found in Cox's Orange Pippin (fit for use October to February), Blenheim Orange (from November to February), and Ribston Pippin (October to May). A sack of these is worth a cart load of inferior apples which glut the market in September. Good cooking apples are Alfriston (November to April), Haw- thornden (September to January), and Peas- goods Nonsuch (September to November). Pears are not sufficiently grown in Car- marthenshire. There is a popular delusion that pears are as difficult to grow as peaches. It is a delusion. Except in remarkably bleak and exposed situations, the pear is as easy of cultivation as the apple. The fruit is always sure to command a remunerative price. Ex- cellent varieties are Hessle (September and October), Jargonelle (October), Winter Nelis (December to January), and Easter Beurre (December to March). The last named melts in the mouth like butter, and is a valuable late fruit. The Jargonelle is highly esteemed as a delicious early pear it is said to have been introduced under the Roman Empire the variety to have been preserved by graft- ing ever since. Plums are also suitable -for culture in South Wales. Good varieties will be found in Victoria (kitchen or dessert ready for use in September) Czar kitchen, August) Greengage (dessert, August) White BuPace (desert, October). The disadvantage of plums is that they must be disposed of almost as quickly as gathered. There are no varie- ties which will keep until Spring. It may sound ridiculously superfluous to gardeners to say so but it is nevertheless unknown to many beginners that the best. apples and pears are apparently unfit to eat when gathered in the Autumn. Store them, however, in a dry place until the proper time and you will wish you had ten times As many of them. When a gardener has a fair stock of fruit trees he may try his hand at grafting. A slip of apple grafted on the Paradise stock or the crab comes true and so do pears grafted on the quince. These are the orthodox methods recommended by professional gar- deners. Mr H. Jones Davies has at Glyn- eiddan a large number of pear trees grafted on the thorn hedges it would be interest- ing to know the exact result of such an ex- periment as compared with the yields from the trees grafted in the regulation manner. Beginners are often tempted to buy cheap job lots of trees of which a dozen may be had at times for the price of two or three at a well-known establishment or its agencies. Such lots are generally "clearances to make room they are often dragged up with much damage to the roots and they have seldom been transplanted in the recognised way to make good sturdy bushes. They are not cheap often at the price offered. A good tree at a reasonable price will be successful and profitable if given fair treatment. People who buy wondrously cheap lots of bulbs can tell sad tales too. Fruit can, of course, be raised from seed. The time required to get a seedling apple- tree to fruit is, we believe, 15 years and we know of cases in which longer was re- quired. No one can tell what a seedling will turn out to be. If you graft a slip of JW. '.o: "Ribstoll Pippin," you will in a few years have another fruiting tree of the variety. If you take seeds, however, from that variety and raise seedlings, it is a million to one against having anything like the parent. The chances are that you will have a. crab and in any case the seedling if of any use is hard- ly likely to be an improvement on a known variety. New varieties are raised from the seeds of course, but they are carefully selec- ted and cross-fertilised by skilled scientists; and then we only hear of an occasional new variety worth growing, cut of the thousands of experiments made yearly. The chance of raising a good apple from seed by hazard is about equal to the chance of finding a pearl in a common oyster saloon.
Lord Rosebery as an Author.
Lord Rosebery as an Author. NAPOLEON, THE LAST PHASE." Napoleon the Last Phase (A, L. Hum- phreys, London) by the Earl of Roseberry is a decided addition to historic literature. The book deals little with the greatness of the man who rose from a sous-lieutenant of artillery to the position of (practically) being Dictator of Europe. The Last Phase deals principally with the closing years of Napo- leon's life at St. Helena. This work was only possible within the last few years when the private memoirs and the opening of the re- cords by the French Government have con- tributed the necessary information. The one capital and supreme record of Napoleon's life at St. Helena appears to have been the private journal of the brilliant young officer Gouraud, written without prejudice, but, as the author remarks, almost brutal in its raw realism." Gouraud constantly depicts himself as sulky and captious to the last de- gree, while we see his master gentle, patient good tempered, trying to soothe his touchy and morbid attendant with something like the tenderness of a parent for a wayward child. So contrary is the real Napoleon to the Napoleon of our preconceptions. Lord Rosebery claims that the revelation of Gou- raud's book is the forbearance and long suffer ing of Napoleoif, that at St. Helena it is a cat and dog life. All this Lord Rosebery rightly thinks it is peculiarly painful for an Englishman to read. He must regret that his Government ever undertook the custody of Napoleon, and he must regret still more that the duty should have been discharged in a spirit so ignoble, and through agents so unfortunate. If St. Helena recalls painful memories to the French, much more poignant are those that it excites among ourselves. In these days we are perhaps not fair judges of the situa- tion as it presented itself to the British Government. They were at the head of a coalition which had twice succeeded in over- throwing Napoleon. It had cost Great Bri- tain, according to specious figures of statis- tical dictionaries, more tfcfa £ 800,000,000 sterling to affect Napoleon's remova Ito Elba. His return had cost them millions more, besides a HIDEOUS SHOCK TO THE NERVOUS SYSTEMS OF NATIONS. What all this had cost in human life can never perhaps be fairly estimated—not less than 2,000,000 of lives. The first main ob- ject then of the allies-a duty to their own people who had sacrificed so much-was to make it absolutely certain that Napoleon should never more escape. Our own view is that under no circumstances could Napoleon have ever again conquered Europe his ener gies were exhausted, and so was France for his lifetime." There is much of interest on this subject of Napoleon's deportation that Lord Rosebery has to tell. He relates how the captive re- ceived a letter stating that there was a great change of opinion in France. "Ah" he ex- claims, were we but in England But had he been in England he would have be- come the innocent object of all sorts of legal questions which would have tormented the Government. As it was, Admiral Lord Keith was chased round his own fleet through an entire day by a lawyer with a writ on account Napoleon. The author had some hard things to say of the then Governnor of St. Helena, Sir Hudson Lowe ,whom he regards as in- credibly tactless. His eye said Napoleon on first seeing him "is that of a hyaena caught in a trap." Lowe seemed utterly opposed to giving Napoleon his proper title, and Lord Rosebery cannot conceive on what ground it was disputed. Lowe's instances of childishness" are numerous, but one will suffice as an illustration. Three week's before his death the sick captive sent Cox's Life of Marlborough as a token of goodwill to the officers of the 20th Regiment. Unfortu- nately, the Imperial title was written on the title page, and the present under the orders of the Governor, was declined. In these days," Lord Rosebery drily observes, the 20th Regiment would perhaps not mind possessing the Life of the greatest of English generals, given by the greatest of the French." What (asks Lord Rosebery) are the grounds on which the British Government took up so unchivalrous and undignified an attitude? They are paraded by Scott with the same apo getic melancholy with which his own Caleb Balderstone sets forth the supper of the Master of Ravenswood. They appear to be as follows —There could be no reason why Britain, in compassionate courtesy, should give to her prisoner a title which she had re- fused to him de jure, even while he wielded the Empire of France de facto. But the particular objection stated by Scott came with a particularly bad grace from the Minis- ters of George III, or indeed, from the Minis ters of any English Sovereign since Edward III." The question of title had its bearing even on finance, and one of the Incidents of the Squalid Tragedy is to find Napoleon's house- hold disposing of the silver plate so that sufficient food for their bodily wants might I be obtained. We could have almost forgiven the petty finance of the Governor had it not in one single instance overreached itself. Napoleon had asked for some books, mainly to enable him to write his memoirs. The Government supplied the books as an indulgence, but they sent him in the bill-or, rather, a demand, for the sum. Napoleon ordered Bertrand to refuse to pay this without a detaiTed account So on the death the books were impounded by Lowe, and sold in London for a few hun- dred pounds-less than a quarter of what had been spent in procuring them. Their original cost had been LI,400, but Napoleon had added greatly to their value. Many of them says (Montholon) were covered with notes in the Emperor's handwriting almost all bore traces of his study of them. Had this asset been preserved to the nation, we might have been inclined to shut our eyes as to its his- tory and origin. The penny wise and pound foolish policy of the Governn-or lost both re- putation and result." Lord Rosebery once again raises the old question of whether Napoleon had any DESIRE TO ESCAPE. As to the existence of such a desire the author has the strongest doubts-the captive realised that his period of conquest was now passed. J Some attention is given to the Dramatis
o How is it.
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,Llandilo Urban District Council.
Llandilo Urban District Council. The monthly meeting of this Council was held on Tuesday evening week, when there were presnt Mr J. W. Nicholas (chairman). Mr W. Griffiths (vice chairman). Messrs T. H. Powell, T. C. Thomas. T. Hopkin. J. H. Hughes, W. Hopkin. Evan Jones. W. Jones, H. G. Phillips. Evan Thomas. E. A. Roberts, together with the Clerk (lr R. Shipley Lewis). A PROTEST. Mr Evan Jones protested that the amount of zcll was too much for the last election of the Council. MRS ROGERS' CLAIM. A report was produced by the Surveyor in reference to the claim of Mrs Rogers for I damage done during the time the waterworks was in progress.—Mr Evan Jones could not see what the Council had to do with it. It was for the contractor to deal with. He moved the report lie on the table.—Mr Jones had no seconder.—Mr Griffiths moved she be paid £ 5. She elgiined £ 40.—The Cuimwn said that according to the report, it was a matter of sentiment.—Mr Evan Thcmas hoped they were not committing then'seK'es. —Mr W. Jones seconded.—The Chairman really thought there was no claim and ihey should pay it without prejudice.—-Mr J. H. Hughes pointed out that according to the Surevyor's report she was not affected. He seconded the original motion-For the amend ment Messrs W. Griffiths, E. A. Roberts, W. Jones, and T. Hopkin. The original motion that nothing be paid-was carried, the re- maining members voting for it. THE ELECTRIC LIGHT. The Chairman said there had been some delay over the electric light owing to the change of the site. Aplications had been received from the Local Government Board for certain particulars which Mr Bertram Thomas, the contractor, had been asked to supply. The plans had also been forwarded to Mr Thomas to ask him if he could reduce the price of the proposed cost of the building but the Clerk said he had not hadareply, and he believed Mr Thomas might be from home. —The Chairman said the expense had been increased in consequence mainly of a new building being required for the new site. He thought to have matters clear to get Mr B. Thomas down once more to discuss matters. —Mr T. C. Thimas thought they could do it by correspondence. It was only a matter of reducing the height.—The Chairman said if they wished they could get Mr Thomas pre- sent next Thursday.—Mr T. H. Powell said his being present would save time, which was everything.—The Chairman said they only wanted him present to ascertain exactly what was required.—The Clerk said that with re- gard to the Tramway, a communicatiin had been sent to Mr Gulston that day.—Mr E: A. Roberts If there were any obstacles being placed in the way. another site could be obtained. He (Mr Roberts) saw "that the electric light at Poplar, London, was getting cheaper rather than dearer. 'It was only 4 *■ n -1 1 -r L n _1 per unit, and tnat womci compare vim i,, uu per thousand for gas at Llandilo.—There was discussion about the plan produced by the Surveyor, as the position of the proposed lamps were not inserted.—The Surveyor said he wished Mr Bertram Thomas to mark them and it was agreed he should meet the Sur- veyor on Thursday to mark tliclii.-The Chair man had thought they would have had the light by Christmas, hut that was out of the question, but he hoped they would soon have something better to liglir the town (cheers). THE RATES. The Clerk estimated the expenditure for the current half-year would be £ oo0. but certain sources of income would reduce to £ 400. A balance in hand would reduce it to t360, which a rate of Is Gd would likely cover It was agreed that a rate at that amount should be levied. PROPOSED INDEPENDENT CHAPEL AT CRESCENT ROAD. Plans of this chapel were submitted. The Surveyor handed in a long list of necessary requirements that would have to be complied with before they could be passed.—Subject to their being complied with, they were passed. THE TOWN CRIER. Mr H. G. Phillips moved that the Town Crier should always make his announcements both in English and Welsh. At present he generally did it in Welsh, and did not say. God save the Queen" at the end of his announcement (laughter). That was done in most places. It would add to the dignity of the town if the announcements were made in both languages.—Mr Evan Thorns asked if he wanted double pay.—It was agreed that the aplication should be made. THE CHANNELLING AT RAILWAY TERRACE. Mr Phillips next drew attention to the state of the channelling outside the town at Railway terrace. It was agreed that repre- sentations should be made to the Countv Council to that effect. REPAIRS TO BUILDINGS. It was agreed that in the matter of repairs to buildings, on the motion of the Chairman, seconded by Mr Powell, that all above t20 should be charged according to scale, and under that 3s 9d be paid. The Surveyor asked if the steam roller could not be used.-—Mr Evan Jones said they wanted something to press down the 'horrible' stones on the road.—It was agreed to apply to the C.C. for the use of the roller.
THAT ONE-INCH PIPE AGAIN.
THAT ONE-INCH PIPE AGAIN. The Vicar wrote to the Surveyor thus As the condition in my deed, dated 14th oF November, 1897, with the Llandilo U.D. Council empowers me to tap the main with a one-inch pipe anywhere on the system, I ask you to acquaint me of the most convenient time to you to have that condition carried out in accordance with my agreement (laugh- ter Mr Evan Jones Oh. dear, dear (loud laughter).—The Chairman It is a letter to you Mr Jenkins. You reply as you think best. I ought not to have read it. I should write back to say you are a servant of the Council, and he should communicate with us. —Mr Evan Jones having made a remark he was told by the Chairman not to anticipate events. A special meeting of this body was held on Thursday evening, the 8th inst., to consider THE ELECTRIC LIGHTING SCHEME. Those present were Mr J. W. Nicholas (in the chair), Mr W. Griffiths (vice-chairman), and Messrs T. H. Powell, T .C. Thomas, D. Stevens. D. Morgan.. II. Hughes, E. A. Roberts. W. Hopkin, Evan Jones, W. Jones, H. G. Phillips. Evan Thomas, and Mr Ber- tram Thomas, the contractor. The Chairman said that the meeting had been convened as the alteration in the site necessitates the erection of a fresh building, and thev had practically agreed to purchase a new site, for an amount that he did not think was exorbitant, viz., L250, and second- ly. it was necessary to erect new buildings to hold the plant. It. seemed to him. that not only was the situation of the proposed build- ing very much beter than that of the old one but it enabled them to get a quarter of an acre of land in a place where it was very desirable to liolcT property, and erect abuild- ing suitable not only for their present but also for their future requirements. That, of course, necessitated a little more money being being obtained than would have been re- quired for the old site. But the little money that they would require in addition would be extremely well spent, and they were there that night to know exactly what amount they would have to borrow, if they got the consent of the Local Government Board. Before they could borrow it was necessary they should obtain certain details. In order that there should be no disagreement with regard to the building hereafter, they had thought it best that Mr Bertram Thomas. the contractor, should be there that night to answer any''questions or to give advice re- specting the matter. The Chairman tiic-ii gave a short summary of the details. The amount of the first tender was £2,201 los. The additional accumulators recommended by Mr J. C. Ho wells would cost £ 118 16s additions for engine, £ 9 7s increase in the cost of materials since tender was accepted. £ 3o Gs additional mains, £ G0 new feeder £ 309 Is Sd. which was occasioned by the al- teration of the site. It was proposed that the feeder main should run from the genera- ting station to the centre of the town, near tho Post Office, and that the various supply currents should branch off there. Those items made a total of £ 2.724 55 8d. There were others expected not connected with the plan, which had to be provided for. amongst which was the commission to Mr Howells. The building at present was only a matter of estimate. The Surveyor's estimate was JE700 That was a matter they might usefully con- sider there that night. There were the legal and advertising expenses. The total was then brought up to £ 3,bG0. That covered all the expenses with which the borrowing powers ccuid be exercised.-lii answer to Mr W. Jones, the chairman said that the cost of bedding for the engine and boiler was not included in the £ 700.—Mr Bertram Thomas said that the Surveyor's estimate was for a considerably bigger building. But they would be able to bring the cost of the build- ing down to £ 130. That would more than cover the cost of the foundation or bedding. —Mr W. Jones I presume he made a mis- take in putt.,tg-che building too big.—Mr B. Thomas heras instructed to make the building 20 ft high, with the idea of putting an overhead traveller.—Mr W. Jones Ii is not the fault o fthe Surveyor.—The Chairman said it was not a mater of fault. They had to provide for certain things.—The Surveyor said they would be able to lower the building by Gft.—Mr Evan Jones expressed surprise that the Surveyor had not shown the site of the building to Mr Bertram Thomas.—Mr W. Griffiths When we get the t-enders for the building it may be less.—Mr W. Jones: And possibly over.—Mr Griffiths Only a plain building, no ornamenfj.—Mr T. H. Powell said if he remembered the estimate for the beding for the old building was £ 80.—Mr W. Jones: Why I am enquiring is, because there are new items cropping up continually.—The Chairman said they were only for reasonable changes.—Mr PoiN-ell said that would leave them about £ 50 to the good-Mr W. Griffiths raised the question of putting the light into the house.—Mr W. Jones That will be a question of further expense.—Chairman It is for us to consider that agaifi.—Mr Roberts held that the people would benefit by it.—Mr W. Griffiths They must pay for it out of the rates or borrow.—After Mr Evan Jones and Mr E. A. Roberts had been making some complimentary remarks on the price of gas at Llandilo, Mr Evan Thomas reminded them that it was not the question before them.- Mr Bertram Thomas said the amount to be borrowed would be about t4,000 which would give a margin. The cost of at-fching the main with the meter would be about £ 2 10s or i:3, but that did not include the meter. Generally, the meter was either let by the corporate body or purchased bv the consu- mer. He went on to say that the price of the meters varied acording to the candle power from jE2 8s to £ 5. The greater num- ber of meters put in_at first would be of small size, and would cost from k2 8s to £3. They might allow for paying £ 90 for 30 of these. The wiring to the houses was in maHy ca-ses done by the Council, or they charged the consumer. It was a matter of policy to encourage consumers by laying it on free.— Chairman We have practically decided we carry it to the meter.—In answer to Mr H. G. Phillips, the Clerk said the estimate of L400 would cover the expense of carrying it to the meter.—In answer to Mr W. Hopkin, Mr Thomas said the cost of connection would not be less than £ 2.—Mr W. ones Suppose the town was to take to the light fairly well is the machinery capable of supplying the whnlp tnwn T hniild likp tn hp rlpar on t.hp point. I should prefer to have the total cost within four years. r Bertram Thomas said the custom was for municipal bodies to lay down preliminary plant, and then, accor- ding to the success of the working, new plant was installed.—Mr W. Jones We now know what to expect.—Mr D. Morgan I think Mr D. Morgan gave the difference between the single and the double plant as LSOO.- Mr Bertram Thomas said there was no ques- tion that the single plant would be quite suitable for the requirements as shown in the plans. It wfuld do for 3.00 lamps as out of that number probably never more than a half would be burning at the same time. Perhaps not a quarter of them.—The Chairman said the best thing that could happen to the scheme was to find that they could not meet with the demand for the light.—The Clerk thought they had better borrow a. hundred or two more tfian the bare estimate.—Chair- man All we want now is to get leave to borrow.—Mr Roberts There will be a mar- gin.—Clerk There can be no doubt if the figures are correct.—Mr Powell said that they would have a balance of £ 50.Mr W. Jones Is that certain? Mr Powell: Noth- ing is certain in figures. Mh Bertram Thomas did not think the foundation would cost more than £ 80.—Mr W. ones It depends on the ground site.—Mr Bertram Thomas said the engines would be light.—Mr Griffiths I beg to propose we ask for permission to borrow £ 4.000. leaving us a. margin of £ 140 a year.—Mr H. G. Phillips wanted to know what the extra was put down for ?—Mr Roberts I beg to second the proposal.—Mr Phillips again asked his question, to which an answer was given by Mr Evan Thomas, but which he declined to take.-Chairman Not as anything specific, but for contingencies.— The motion was unanimously agreed to.—The Chairman then drew attention to the detailed list of requirements for the Loan Commission ers, and these were considered, the chief of which—the approval of the Board of Trade- had been obtained.—Mr Thomas said that was only a mater of form, and was meant as a means of safety that the conditions were complied with.—The Clerk then read a letter from Mr Huges, agen to Mr Gulston, rela- tive to the latter's right for a tramway over the site. —The letter stated that Mr Gulston was willing to part with any right he might have under the tram reservation clause, pro- vided the vendors and purchasers of the land were willing to indemnify him. He thought a letter from the parties would suffice.—TTi« Clerk said that could be obtained.
What my Doctor said.
What my Doctor said. I know of nothing that will do you more good than a course of Gwilym Evans' Quinine Bitters, The Vegetable Tonic." I smiled in- credulously when I heard him prescribe a Patent Medicine. He noted my surprise, and obsen-ed. It seems strange, does it not, to hear a medical man advising people to take preparations of other people ? I am aware that many of these patent medicines do more harm than good, but I have no hesitation in recommending this. It is the best tonic that I know of, and can injure no one." As a remedy for Weakness, Nervousness, Indiges- tion. Low Spirits, Sleeplessness, Chest Affec- tions, it has no equal. If you feel listless, tired out, without strength to do anything, and with little or no appetite, Gwilym Evans Quinine Bitters will speedily banish that list- lessness, restore the appetite, and give re- newed strength and vigour to the whole body Gwilym Evans' Quinine Bitters, The Vege- table Tonic, is sold in Bottles, at 2s 9d and 4s 6d each, and can be obtained from all Chemists and patent medicine vendors, or, carriage free by parcels post, direct from the Proprietors The Quinine Bitters Manufac- turing Company Limited, South Wales.
New Waul en of Llandovery.…
New Waul en of Llandovery. APPOINTMENT OF THE REV. W. W. POOLE HUGHES, M.A. The Hev W. W. Poole Hughes, M.A., master of the Army Class at Sherborne School, has just been appointed to the wardenship of Llandovery College, in succession to the Rev Owen Evans, M.A., who has accepted the living of St. Peter's, Carmarthen. 0 The warden-elect was educated at Llan- doveiy College,where he was for eight years- 1877-85. He was an excellent athlete and an enthusiastic footballer—was for three years in the football fifteen, and for two years in the cricket eleven. During his collegiate career he won great distinction as a mathe- matician. When seventeen years of age he gained a mathematical exhibition at Oxford University College in 1883, a similar prize at Balliol, Oxford, in 1884, and a mathematical Scholarship of tSo a year at Balliol in 1885. He took First Class in Mathematical Modera- tions in 1887, and a Second Class in Mathe- matical Finals in 1889. In 1890 he was ordained deacon by t he Bishop of Peterborough and in 1892 priested by the Bishop of Salis- bury. In 1889, on leaving Oxford, he was appointed assistant master in t.he Uppingham Lower School, and in 1892 he became Assistant Army Class Master, under Canon Young, at Sherborne. When Canon West- cott, was made headmaster, in April, 1892, he appointed Mr Hughes to be school tutor and j master of the Army Class, and he had this year the offer of the second master's boarding- house for next term, but he has elected to come to Llandovery. He is a grandson of the late Archdeacon Hughes of Cardigan. The new warden, of course, is a Welshman, and a strong man in every respect. IF"") r'" :11 «
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Lord Rosebery as an Author.
rersonee of the St. Helena drama, and we find vivid glimpses of the suite. The young ladies on the island, we are told, were ex- tremely pretty, and such names as the Rose- bud" and "The Nymph" were bestowed. One of them was the daughter of Col. Wilks With Miss Wilks Gouraud was desperately in love, but she lived to become the wife of Sir John Buchan, and lived to be 91. She died as recently as 1888, and used to tell how Napoleon at parting had given her a bracelet and when she said she was sorry to leave the island, he replied "Ah, Mademoiselle, I only wish I could change places with you." Napo- leon gave fancifjil n^mes to people and to places. One quiet glen he had named the Valley of Patience, but when he found that a pretty girl lived in it, he renamed it the Valley of the Nymph. The uymph was a far- mer's daughter-a very pretty girl of about 17, named Marianne Robinson. Warden de- voted a page of his book to her, and states that the visits of Napoleon became so fre- quent to the little farm that the gossips of Jamestown warned the father, who after- wards forbade his daughter to appear when the Emperor called. This silly scandal Napo- leon thought it worth while to contradict in the" Letters from the Cape," stating that he only once spoke to her in broken English without alighting from his horse. Finally, the Nymph marries a merchant captain, and and end idle gossip. But besides the comedy of Sir Hudson Lowe, the salf of farce is introduced into the narrative by the career of the Com- missioners. The French Commissioner on the Island, Montchenu, was much of the most absurd, and his appointment is said to be the revenge of Tallyrand for all that he had endured at the hands of the Imperial exile. It is my only revenge," he said, but it is terrible. What a torture for a man like Napoleon to be obliged to live with an ignor- and and pedantic chatterbox. I know him. He cannot endure such a boredom. He will become ill, and die as before a slow fire." This terrible vengeance, however, failed, for Montchenu never once succeeded in inflicting himself on the captive. There are some pathetic descriptive passa- ges in Lord Rosebery's description of the Emperor at Home. As to his habitation, Longwood itself was a collection of huts WHICH HAD BEEN CONSTRUCTED AS A CATTLE SHED. It was swept by an eternal wind, it was shadeless, and it was damp. The lord of so many palaces, who had slept in so many palaces not his own, was now confined to two small rooms of equal size- about 14 by 12 and 1 Oor 11 high. To this little measure had shrunk all his conquest, glories, triumphs, spoils. Each of these rooms were lit by two small windows looking towards the regimental camp. In one cor- ner was the little camp bed with green silk curtains which the Emperor had used at Marcngo and Austerlitz. To hide the back door there was a screen, and between this and ,Lie fireplace an old sofa, on which Napo- leon passed most of his day, though it was so covered with books that there was scarcely space for comfort. The walls were covered with a brown nankeen, and amid the general squalor a magnificent washhand stand, with silver ewers and basins, displayed an uncon- genial splendour. But the ornaments of the room were other than this-they were the salvage of the wreck of his family and of his Empire.O'Meara gives a graphic picture of Napoleon in his bedroom. He re- clined clothed in his white morning gown, white loose trousers and stoskings all in one, a checkered red handkerchief upon his head, and his shirt collar open without cravat His air was melancholy and troubled. His usual costume was, however, more formal than this He wore a hunting uniform, a, green coat with sporting buttons, and it grew shabbly had it turned rather than wear English cloth. He gave up wearing his uniform of the Chasseurs of the Guard six weeks after he arrived on the island. He retained, how- ever, the famous little cocked hat, but the tricolour cockade he laid aside with ceremony two years after Waterloo, telling his valet to keep it as a relic or in view of better day.' As to his methods of amusement, Lowe re- ports that on occassion the Emperor had con- structed a sort of HOBBY HORSE OF CROSS BEAMS. He sat at one end of the beam with a heavy weight at the other,and played a sort of see- saw. But these specifics would fail, and in his deprivation of exereisc he would become ill. He would be touched with scurvy, his legs would swell, and he would derive a morbid satisfaction that he was suffering from the Government's restrictions. We get details of the Emperor's preferences in his reading hours and of his reported conversations. One of his chief topics was religion, and of the I books he most loved to read aloud was the Bible. His real leaning seemed to have been towards Mahometanism. His objection to Christianity is that it is not sufficiently ancient. Nor could he accept that forri of religion which would damn Socrates, P':do. and, he courteously adds, the English. Al- I though he preferred Mahometanism to Chris- tianity, he preferred the Roman to the Anglican ritual, his reason for the prefen- ence being that in the Roman Church the people do not understand the prayers and that it is not wise to make such matters too clear. But he is hostile to the Papacy. Napo leon had; no doubt; all his life been strangely ignorant about the British. He regarded it as certain that had he been allowed to go to London in 1815 he would have had all t:> the populace with him—he would have entered the capital not as a conquerer, but as a liberator. One view he held was that the English could dictate to the world if they withdrew their troops from the Continent, relegated AVellingto to his estates," and re- mained a purely maritime power." He read our history with interest, having read none since he left school. I am reading Hume," he sai done day. These English are a ferocious race." Then he discusses the anolo- gies between Cromwell and himself. Even of his wives he is not chary of talk- ing, nor is he sparing of the most intimate details about both. He wonders if he ever really loved anybody. If so it was with Josephine—a little. She indeed almost always lied, but always cleverly except with regard to her age. Her greatest defect was a vigi- lant and constant jealousy. However, she was not jealous of Marie Louise, though the latter was extremely susceptible about her predecessor. When the Emperor tried to take his second wife to see his first the for- mer burst into tears, and she endeavoured by every posible ruse and device to prevent his going there. His confidences do not end with his family, for he likes to talk of his loves. He has had. as he counts on his fingers seven mistresses in his life. C'est beaucoup. He constantly repeats that his marriage with Marie Louise was the cause of the war with Russia, for it made him feel sure of the support of Austria." Napoleon's reflections on this matter have a peculiar interest in view of the develop- ment of modern Europe on its present lines. Napoleon blames himself for too great preci- pitation. He should have remained a year on the Niemen, and in Prusia, and then de- voured Prussia. As if by a foreboding he hates Prussia, and he bitterly regrets that at Tilsit he did not depose the King and pro- claim that the House of Hohenzollern had ceased to reign. It was not because of Ara- bia or Judea that Napoleon regretted Egypt. He reveals, says Lord Rosebery, his secret aim in a laconic sentence. France mistress of Egypt would be mistress of India again THE MASTER OF EGYPT IS THE MASTER OF INDIA." And again "Egypt once in possession of the French, farewell India to the British. This was one of the grand objects I aimed at. The Rusians, already in Persia, have not far to go to reach India." Then he repeats his con- stant preoccupation—" Russia is the Power that marches the most surely and with the greatest strides towards universal dominion. for now there is no France, and, therefore, no equilibrium." Over Waterloo, another subject of supreme regret, we some- times seem to hear him gnash his teeth. His silant contending against the Revolution is broached in a chapter on Napoleon and the Democracy. Had he consented to associate himself with the fury of the people at the sus pected attempt to resume the land and the privilges which were. lost at the Revolution, Napoleon could, he was convinced have arrived in Paris at the head of two millions of peasants. But he could not be the king of the mob. Once, indeed, at Longwood, he abandoned himself to a different dream. 'Were I to return,' he said, I should found my Empire on the Jacobins. Jacobinism is the volcano which threatens alt social order. Its eruption would be easily produced in Prussia, and by the overthrow of the throne of Berlin I should have given an immense impetus to the power of France. Prusia has always been, since the time of Frederick, and always will be, the greatest obstacle to my projects for France." Finally. Lord Rnspberv cHisonnrsPK on Nano J leon's characteristics as scavenger, scourger, legislator, and warrior. The sum total is that he lost the balance of his judgment and became a curse to his own country and to all others. Had he proceeded more slowly, had he taken time to realise and consolidate his acquisitions, Lord Rosebery thinks it difficult to limit the extent to which his views might have been realised.