Denbighshire Free Press

— 1 0 ET'RY, t JpTpOETRY 1 WmnJi There is poetry within a iflkg DUNLOP = tyre, prosaic as it may look,— i \)m I the poetry of motion, which is only known to perfection by those who fit Dunlop I tyres in preference to others.

ru pr^iy] KeeP yo iT home clear ol these "W I I disease-carrying pests by using 1 BrowasFLIBAN to eauaffhem So,d b/ Chemists and Grocers for eStcliveness everywhere <or sample box con- JOT tjjtclivene^ -a,rang two post paid for 3d.), from TfcBROWN MANUFACTURING CO., Ltd., utdwirtt, Herts. .'7 <

All correspondence affecting this column should be addressed to "A Son of the Soil," care of the Editor of this journal. Requests for special in. formation must be accompanied by a stamped-1 addressed envelope. I 1-:EADACHE JOHN ro OTHACHE r-I MORGAN NEURALGIA JONES POWDERS It 1 B" sure it'is a "JfF." I 2d. each, 1. EH. doz., at al. Chemists and Stores. I Send ld. postage for samp p. I J.M.JONES & Co., 92,RhandirHonsg. a"- -r- .l,

I April 1st to July 10th, 1915. Chester, Mold, Denbigh, Ruthin, and Corwen |a,m. *.m. a.m. a.m, p m.i a.m. p m. a.m.i p.m. p m. p.m.p.m. p.m.p.m. London EaEton).aep«t 1215 12y5 5 0 8 80 103712 10 2 40 5 30 a.m. > p.m.l (Exchange) „ 6 40 8 0 10 45 1 6 3 554 56 5 10 7 15 Liverpool (LJme Street). -depart 8 30 11 10 1 35 4 05 6 6 0:7 20 Liverpool (Lalld- Ing Stage).deparb 7209 0 11 40 1 20 2 50 4 30 6 10 6 208 10 Birkenhead (Woodaide) depart 7 33 0 20 11 65 1 35 3 7 4 455 25 6 85 8 25 p.m. Chester.depart 6 30 8 3010 10 12 43 2 204 & 5 35 6 20 7 50 9 30 Mold— —arrive7 9 8 5810 67 1 25 3 0 4 23 6 lsje 43 8 32 10 13 Mold depart 7 12 9 010 59 12 Oil 27 2 30 3 4 4 26 4 40 6 1&6 45 6 65 8 34 10 15 Gaerwya „ 7 33 9 1911 18 1223jl 46 2 53 3 23 5 3 6 37 7 14 8 CsJlO 34 Hodfar.„ 7 37 9 2311 22 1227jl 5t 2 57 3 27 5 7 6 41 7 18 8 5710 38 Oenblgh.e.rriva 7 47 9 3311 32 1236 2 03 6'3 42 4 6 £ 5 16 6 53 7 12 7 30 9 8 10 48 Denblgh .aeparlS 20 9 5211 40 a lb 4 10 5 0 T 15 7 558 15 Dlanrhftiaclr to 8 26 9 68U 47 2 21 16 8 28 22 Rhowl.„ 8 32 10 411 62 27 4 22 8 7 8 27 BtttMa. is 8 36 10 811 56 2 31 4 26 5 16 7 278 118 31 Eyarth .< „ 8 44 12 3 2 8 4 So 8 18 .I&r.tclwyd II 8 5 11 11 2 46 1 43 8 26 Oerwen I 8 57 IS 16 a 51 4 4S; B 31 Gfwyddelwo „ 9 3 12 22 2 57 1 4 53 I B 36 11 12 31 3 6 5 31 je 46 x Mondays exoepted. y Monday only.]

—————————————-——————— I Corwen, Ruthtn, Denbigh and Chasten I a.m. a.m. a.m, a.m. a.m. a.m, p.m.ip.in.ip.m. p.oa.ip.m.ip.m.fp.ta p in 1 Oorwes,flspRrt 3 5 10 35 l ,15 4 0 to 10 r Swydflelwsrn,. „ 8 12 10 42 l 22 4 7 6 17 Oerrfen. „ 8 18 10 48 1 28 4 13 8 23 Nant>elwyd„r< „ 8 22 iQ 52 1 32 4 17 3 27 fGyarth,.„ 8 28 10 68 1 38 4 83 6 33 i Ruthin. it T 30 8 45 9 2511 3 1 45|3b0 4 32 fi 25 3 42 7 35I8 37 l ahow, 7 34 8 49|9 29111 9 1 49 3 B 4,4 865 236 46 7 3918 41 Llanrhaladr. „ 7 38 8 53g 3311 13 1 533B 8 4 40 5 33 3 607 43J8 45 Denbigh arrive 7 46 9 ljg 41|ll 21 2 3 3B16(4 48 5 41 7 O.7 518 53 Denbigh .aepart 6 43 7 55 8 16 9 5 9 45]ll 851 30|2 15 3 25 5 0 7 10] 9 8 Bodfarl 6 53 H 8 23 H |g 5311 431 39^ 23 3 33 5 8 7 18! 9 16 Oaerwya. 6 59 I 8 29 1 9 59;11 49 1 46 2 29 8 39 5 14 7 24 9 22 jp.m. Mold arrive 7 218 248 519 3210 2212 102 122 514 16 86 7 46 9 44 p.m. jp.m. Mold arrive 7 218 248 519 3210 2212 102 122 514 16 86 7 46 9 44 tfold.i.depart 7 25 8 26 8 6s|g 34!ffr«3 12 13 2 53 4 3 5 88 7 48 9 46 I Chester .arrive 8 9 8 64 9 319 5810 58 12 60 3 264 426 4 8 25 1023 f Birkenhead f Birkenhead (Woodaide) arrive 9 1 9 3210 16104611 42 1 47 3 55 6 36 6 65 9 15 11«0 Liverpool (Land- ing Seage) arriveS 17 9 4710 27105711 571 57 4 7 5 471 7 9 27 1137 I Liverpool p.m. (Lime Street „ 9 5011 011 012 65 2 60 4 35 5 56 1157 L.tv 8rpQol SL p.m. J Manchester æ- aÕ (Exchange) tI 9 58 11 2011201. 0 3 8 6 126 278 18 1015 51-1 London p.m. (Euston) • 1 40 2 10 3 20 6 40 8 109 5 10 45 1 50 9:7 A Train leaves Ruthin ab 1015 a.m. for Denbigh and Moid, Mondays exoepted Train leaves Denbigh ab 3.50 p m. for Mold, one class only. Both Trains oall at all Stacions. B Mondays and Fair Days only. H and I calls at Bodfari and Caerwya when required.

BANGOR, RHYL, ST. ASAPH. AND DENBIGH. a.m. a.m. a.m. a.m. a.m. p.m. p.m. p.m. p.m. p.m. p.m.ip.m. p m. P ™'P« Denbigh .depart 6 25 7 55 9 45 11 40 2 17 3 20^ 45 5 3 7 1? 7 57 8 57 Trefoont. „ 6 318 1 9 5111 46 2 23 3 26 3 515 9 7 23 8 39 3 3t Asaph •> 6 87 8 7 9 5711 62 2 29 3 33 3 57 5 15 7 29 8 9 9 ahuddlan. „ 6 448 14 10 4 11 59 2 36 3 404 4 5 23 7 368 169 If Rhyl arrive 6 55 8 26 10 15.12 10 2 45 3 614 17 5 34 1 45,8 27 9 Rhyl depart7 48 63 10 301 14 2 59 4 25 6 4 19 8, Abergele ,,7 14 9 2 10 391 21 3 6 4 35 6 10 ,9 44 OolwynBay „ 7 35 9 23 10 581 35 3 18 4 63.6 27] j10 3 Llaxidudn0..arr. 8 20 9 50 11 25 2 4 3 50 5 35 6 50j 1036 Llanrwst • 8 5510 43 11 57 2 41 4 25 6 33 7 29: Bangor. I, 8 4010 40 12 2 2 25 4 3 6 46 7 30 1053 a.m. a.m. a.m. ,p.m. Bangor-dept 7 609 10 11 251 24 i 45 3 304 41 5 40 g x Llanrwst.. •« 7 32 8 29 JO 451 27 2 40 4 22 8 45 Llandudno M 6 30 9 40 11 501 15 5 25 6 10 g 15 Oolwyn Bay.M 6 54 8 3910 2 12 13 2 35 3 44 5 316 28 '9 43 I Abergele „ 7 14 8 6810 14 12 33 2 60 3 86 5 616 40 i ftnyl.» arrive 7 25 9 6|l0 21 12 42 3 0 4 4 4 106 4 6 48j 10 2 Rhyldepart 7 40 8 309 1010 65 1 19 3 7 4 20 5 83 6 27 7 43 10 80 Rhaddlan,M „ 7 478 379 1711 2 1 263 144 275 406 847 50 10 39 Sfc Asaph t, 7 54 8 44 3 2411 10 1 35 8 21 4 84 5 47 6 41 7 57 10 47 Srefnant. „ 8 0 8 50 9 3011 16 1 89 3 27 4 40 5 53 6 47 8 3 10 55 Danbigh l.arrive 8 9;8 58 9 38)11 25j 1 47 3 35 4 48 6 2 6 67 8 11 L 11 These Tables are compiled from the Company's Guide, but no responsibility accepted therefor.

Prestatyn to Meliden and Dyserth. Trains leave Prestatyn for Dyeerth and Meliden at 6.55 (Mondays only), 7.45, 9.40,11.10 12.45, 2 18 (Saturdays only), 3.25, 4.30, 6.0, 6.55, and,9 80. Trains from Dyserth to PreBtatyn :—7.15|(Saturdays"only),|8.5, ;10.10, 11.55, .40 (Saturdays only), 3.44, 5.25, 6.30, 7.15, and 9.50. f MOTOR COACHES run frequently between Abergele Station and LUngeriitaw and al80 befcween Corwen and Oerrigydruidion.

FACTS AND FANCIES, CHINA'S NATIONAL TREE. < The national tree of China is the tung tree, o and it is valuable for both its wood and its oil. Its branches are wide-spreading and its bark is smooth and green. Its fruit, which looks not unlike a sheTlbark hickory nut, is as large as a small orange. In the centre of each of these nuts are three triangular seeds, and valuable oil for polishing woodwork and leather is extracted from them. The refuse is used as fertiliser. The wood of the tree itself is made into fine boxes and musical instru- ments.

STEEL FURNITURE MAY SUPPLANT WOOD. Steel furniture for offices and factories will, during the next few years, entirely supplant that now being made from wood, accoretil, to all official of the largest metal equipment manufacturing concern in the United States. As steel furniture and fixtures are fireproof and more economical, builders are discarding the old-fashioned wooden equipment and in- stalling steel in many of the new buildings. The use of this material also enables the floor space of the average factory to be in- creased, and lower rates are given by insur- ance companies when this class of furniture- is installed.

SPLICING THE MAIN BRACE." Jack at sea in winter time is only too glad to "splice the main brace." Most people know the meaning of the expression. The man in the street translates if as" Have a drink? but few could say off-hand what the main brace is, or why it should be spliced," when Jack has a drop of grog. Like most naval customs this one comes I from the days when all ships were sailing ships. The main brace was the most im- portant part of a ship's rigging. It was actu- ally the rope which kept the whole of the sails on the main mast taut, and naturally if that rope broke it was vitally nccessary that it should be mended or spliced as soon as possible As a rule, it only snapped during a sto~rm. and the task of splicing the mam brace was then an extremely difficult and dangerous one, to say nothing of its being a Z, bitterly cold joh. The silors who were told off to mend the broken rope wer-e always given a tot of rum on their return to deck to warm th,m np again. Gradually this measure of rum wa, doled out to the crew after any particui«al} hazardous or fatiguing job. Now that sails have disappeared and there is no main brace to splice, the captain of a ship may issue an order on special occasions that the ",malll brace be spliced." Hot coffee or tea may be served out in place of rum.

o LOG LIFE IN BALKAN STATES. I Statistics state that there were in Europe at the last count more than 7,000 persons over a century old. The richer the country, appar- l ently, the fewer persons attain exa-eme old J Bulgaria heads the list with 3,888 cen- tenarians,°with its neighbours Roumama and Svidua next with 1,704 and 573. Spam haa 410 and France 213; no other country had over 200 England had only 92, and the three Scandinavian States were at the bottom of the list, Denmark having only two.

MOON'S HORN AND WEATHER. There is a firmly ingrained superstition which connects the rainfall with the moon's cusps. Many people believe, that on the position of the crescent mooji changes of the weather depend and can be easily foretold Professor A. K. Bartlett, the noted J astronomer, has called attention both to the superstition and to the phenomena. He sajs 3 that at the time of the new moon the cusps, L or horns, of the crescent sometimes lie m a or horns, of the crescent sometimes lie im a line which is nearly perpendicular with t^e ] horizon and at other times in a line near y parallel with the horizon. In the former in- stances the moon is cunmionh described as a wd moon, and in the latter as a dry moon. Owinf to the changing position of the crescent, seen in the western sky after sun- set, such expressions as If the moon lies so ilie water cannot run out we will have a drought are to be heard. Or A wet moon is one upon which the hunter can hang his powder horn." Yet it is a fact, which every- body who went to school should know, says an American paper, that the crescent moon always appears upon its back in the spring and upon its end in the autumn. These posi- tions occur regularly every year, rain or dry. A little thought makes this plain event to a boy. The change of dire?tion in the moon's horns is caused by the altered position of the moon when she is at the new. It has re- lation to the sun and the earthy and depends upon the difference in the decimation* of the sun and the moon. Tf the moon is further north than the sun scon alter it is "new" the sunlight strikes upon her and she ap- pears with her herns upturned. If the moon is further south, the light reaches around her disc to the northward and her horns are nearly vertical, as if the crescent moon rested upon one of them. I

ORIGIN OF AUTOMOBILE. The word automobile Comes from two words, one Greek, and the other Latin. The two words are, auto and mobile. The- former is derived from the Greek autos, meaning self, and the latter from the Latin mobilis, adverb, movable. This is originally derived from the Latin verb nioveo, move re, movi, motus, meaning to move. e

THE TIDES. The tides are due to the attraction of the heavenly bodies, chiefly the moon. The ancients were aware of the moon's power, for Piiny states that the sea rises in proportion to the proximity of the njoon to the earth. L'here are two floods and two ebbs every 24hr. 48min. At the time of new and full 'noon the tides are greater than usual, and are called spring-tides at the first and last quar- ters they are less than usual. and are called neap-tides. Spring-tides vary in height, the variatioi? depending for the most part on the position of the moon's perigee. The highest tides occur during the day in summer, and during the night in winter. The" high tides" of the winter half of the year are the more dangerous, as the earth is then nearer to the Slln; those happcning about he times of the equinoxes have a bad reputation from their keeping company with the gales wlueli are sweeping round our coasts at those seasons. With respect to the sun's influence on the tides, Newton, in his "Principia," makes the forces of sun and moon bear the proportion of 2 to 5 nearly.

AN ANCIENT QUESTION. The drink question was far from being unknown in ancient times. "Bes" was the Egyptian wine god," and he had no lack of devotees. The laws against drunkenness in ancient Egypt were severe, and offenders were liable to imprisonment and flogging. So the taverns were chiefly kept in the back streets of towns and cities. We learn as much as this from inscriptions on tombs and other records. There are pictures of vine cultiva- tion quite 4,000 years old. Seals, too, with the image of Bes engraved on them, have been found buried with mummies, probably as charms. His portrait is not flattering, since he is represented as a hideous object having a huge body and masked head. O

COLOUR AND WARMTH. Testing the effect of soil colours, all experi- menter at the Montpellier experimental vine- yard, in France, covered the ground with a thin layer of cement, leaving a small opening J for each stem, and then painted portions of the cement white, black, and red. Under the black and red the soil temperature rose much higher than under the white, giving nearly twice as much growth to the vines. The pro- ductive soils of the Midi, it is pointed out, are mostly reddish, and those of the vineyards of the Charentes are black,

j ( 8- S For Pi.'ces &c., oall or eend to B 4 1WHEWAY'S, I -Xlf-,XTT H Ey T I S.P.Q.R. STORES, § I 54, Yale Btreet, I I DEKBIGH. 1 JLp lC6a i I j> "1 IJIM i m4k L A% iff COMSiCflLDSi; jj S Nursery lira Bctilas 1; r,d 2 8 I 10? AT-L CHEMISTS AND STORES. J|s| iilBIBtedl Gout and 'ic St, f ferers J'ili OKAYLOIDS" I A GUARANTEED VEGETABLE CURE. ■ 6 hey<Jui°Wy restore peaceful freedom ftotoX>a I I Write for booklet: "Obayloid" Patents, I y. I 750, Old Kent Rd„ London. S.E. g | tlic BR!T,S4 MADE I spot. OINTMENT ■ I g Our Troops at the 3 CURES Front say they know I CUTJ, nothing bettsr for CH\FEii, Sore Feet. | "SORES!" Send YOUR friend I corns! 8 tin- X Price 1/1J and 2/9 [ and all Skin 111 1 1 Complaints. OF ALL CHEMISTS. | hm j i j m 1" y 11111h •it'oa 3 MAGIC. Wj OtaliChemists Hi, 2/3, & 4/6; or post freetrom V > LEATH & ROSS, L 58, Duke St., Groevenor Sqr., London, W. BL '• (HDENNis's^ I FSPfG POWIHEftS I ar« th« best and cheapest medicina for allfiji. fl Bu' 1 ^l? TOrf. per dozer., post frea I/. | JOHH W;SlsTChemist. 1 P™" HOMOLOIDS I THE GREAT CUBE FOB I I PILES. I I Testified to by thousands of sufferers. Price I/Ii g H box, 2/9 larpre box. Of Chemists and Stores or H B direct from nOIOCEA Works,Willosden, London. g Bookk: b:,r an enlinnt J'hysicia1l, on Piles-their n:\ture. H CeUSO. and ratioralliometreatineiit, frceon api>!ic-iUon! B ■■IUmill "I'M I FORTUNES in Qlt. 5MAi &¥ Biay now increase your ir.omi v.iLhrut a mir.rnt's anxiety. ( wing to the war tfcj drnianJ for Oi. exesed thu supply. Big advantage in Si-.nl Trias oris ant 0 Spies Petroleum are a toreg-.ne concliui.-n." VVe- can secure you, a special three mouth's can 0-><ioa on thasr shares, at a low rate. profit-; must be mad. This is noraich advertisement. We want von to MKs advantage Uof the Oi!» oor.i, when we shall have mav; a satisfied clnnt. If interes'ctl write for tree reticulars to FRANK LOCKWOO D & CO., Sto-k and Share Brokers, rank House. Stockr.-eil f'rn-e-i. S.'V. Esia'nish-d i.tqji. BILLIARD AND BAGATELLE TABLES A Large Stock of New and Second-hand Tables always on hand; also Convertible Billiard and Dining Tables. Write for List,G. Edwartjs, 134 Kingslar.dRd.,N.E The only WHITE Insect Powder POURFLEA FS GERMICIDE 9 For use on DOGS, CATS, POULTRY, etc. ■ Perfect preventative against Moths. I Sold at Boots and all Chemists in 6d. an I I/-Tins. I Wholesale nr Samf!* Tins /post free) 6J. and H- from B GODFREY SHAW. BUROSSS HILL, SUSSEX I RADIUM IsMiMIgf BATH SALT j i A body fall of health, vitality and vigour I I that knows no nerves or aches is 'ouiit Ud I 9 %T*a i *ully e"lbcd!cd KA-BA-SA. g I inK creates immediate and last- i 1 SQUMP. EEFRESHIMO SLEEP. 1 I lict dmrlUihe "A SATXfiii 6f iMi 13" N rtwcsl. I I that knows no nerves or aches is 'ouiit Ud I 9 %T*a i *ully e"lbcd!cd KA-BA-SA. g I inK creates immediate and last- i 1 SQUMP. EEFRESHIMO SLEEP. 1 I lict "MWn "A SATXfiii 6f iMi 13" N rtwcsl. I I Sold in 1<- Packets (or box of Scten for 519 ) 8 | by Leading Chemists, or' Pest Free, from I 8 RADIUM SAT.T CO. LTD 1 | 21. FA^RINGPON AVE.^ ^LOrJnriy E-C- 1 FABSSTOS OF ENGLAND! Sold by nearh- a'l || ^Ve are P°s;inS J'ou particulars of chcmists. b,t in | Afgl A 1" askm,;torCatai:ne .ELjJE don't bepaln.edoff ffl ,he cheapest and most reliable cattle with anything else j3' dreuch ii> the world. m Acad it and sec what leading stock owners Post free from the §9 o i J £ ^er *l^gdom say. fHT\! I'iF fft M ?rid cures Inflam- CArALI^k tO. || Ch;.Isf Scour.Garget, Uddor-ill. Bri.»tol, at m ^acts promptly and never 2/- per bctiic H| F *T-\I 11 tho an'mal- a < prevent lossofaquarter i ?f; 'Or soiaeofherdrench, when 6 bottles 11/9 | TOBACCO! UIUARS! CIGARETTES! Every known Brand at Manufacturers' own List prices. Endless variety of Tobacconists' Fancy Goods and Shop Fittings The Trade only supplied o a Speciality- Send for Price List to <

introduced to this country about 100 years ago from Mexico, and is undoubtedly a valu- able addition to our collection of half-hardy j herbaceous perennials. [ It may be planted at the first favourable .opportunity. The ideal position for it is in a good rich soil, in a sunny, well-drained border, at the foot of a south wall,, or on the sunny side of a rockery, and some such place must be found for it if the best results are to be obtained. It will be wise in the winter following the flowering season to protect the roots with fibre. or some other covering material. Florists have recently taken up the plant again, and some new and interest- ing varieties are now in the market. If desired, it can be raised from seed, sown at once in the open, though more generally &eed is sown towards the end of the summer. The poppy-like flowers are bright yellow, and the finely-divided leaves much like those of the Esclischoltzia, or Cali- fornian poppy. PIGS INFECTED BY POULTRY. Until recently it was believed that the form of tuberculosis from which poultry, pigeons, and other birds suffer is quite different from that which attacks four-legged animals and man, and that it could not be communicated to ihem. There used to be a. similar idea that tuberculosis of cattle could not be passed on to human beings but this was proved to be wrong, as also has the other, as a result of Danish investigations which have demon- strated that tubercular fowls infect pigs. It had been assumed that tuberculosis was either transmitted to pigs by feeding them with the milk, or unpasteurised whey, ob- tained from tubercular cattle,- or was con- veyed through the natural excrement of such cattle. Several isolated cases of tuberculosis in Denmark having suggested the possibility that pigs may be infected with avian tubercu- losis, extensive investigations were begun by competent veterinary surgeons. The State Agricultural Laboratory applied to the owners, whose swine were found to bt attacked by avian tubercular bacteria, for de- tailed information as to the health of their poultry and the extent to which they had come into contact with the pigs. z, J"orty-nine owners furnished reports. Of these, thirtjvsix stated that tuberculosis S amongst their poultry was general, and post- morten examinations of fowls from fourteen owners confirmed this; in the remaining cases the owners failed to send dead hens for examination, but gave instead such detailed information of the character and progress of the disease as to leave no room for doubt with regard to its identity. As for the remaining thirteen owners, they reported that there did not appear to be any particular disease prevalent amongst their poultry, although one or another of the fowls died occasionally. It was impossible to de- cide from their replies whether tuberculosis existed or not, but it should be borne in mind that the absence of any great mortality amongst poultry does not preclude the possi- bility of the ex:stence of tuberculosis. The disease is slow in its development, as a rule, and infected poultry might remain unnoticed for a long time and yet their excrement might be highly infective. PROFITABLE RABBIT-KEEVING. After a good deal of trouble, particulars have been gathered of a number of places where rabbits are being raised on a strictly commercial, though small, scale. As a result of this inquiry, Mr. D. Blackburn says, in the Journal of the Board of Agriculture, that rabbit-keeping as an adjunct to an existing business or farm can certainly be made worth the trouble, but as an independent enterprise it cannot be regarded as very hopeful. Various rules must be rigorously observed, if success is to be achieved. The chief of them is absolute cleanliness. As scon as any igm-elcis observable, purification and change of ground and bedding are necessary. Damp is* fatal to rabbits.. Light and air are essential. Any animal showing the slightest sign of sickness must be promptly killed. It never pays to physic or nurse. Disease once introduced will sweep the rabbi try. Does running loose among the market stock may be left to breed and take their chance. About a third of the young born outside the breeding hutches come to market- able size. The others are killed off by the other does. If space be no object, the mother and young may be hutched with advantage, but it is not usually worth the trouble. If the original breeding does arc well looked after the progeny will be hardy and thrive quite as wel.l as if raised in a natural state in a warren. If the young bucks fight seriously (and they sometimes kill each other), the worst should be separated; but this danger may not arise offen. Any attempt at I I as in the case of tame and exhibition rabbits, means labour and time which have to be paid for in some form, and must decrease profits. "BRIAR" PIPES. 1 see that a considerable industry has arisen in Corsica during the last few years in the cutting and exporting of blocks for pipe- making, 523 tons of these little blocks being exported in 1912. It is still not commonly known that briar- wood has nothing at all to do with the sweet briar of the hedges, but is obtained from the tree heath (Erica arborea), and the pipe blocks are cut froii) nodules which form on the roots. These nodules are very hard, and vary considerably in size, many being from 9i D.: to 12in. in diameter. The burr-like char- acter of the wood presents a .singular appear- ance by reason of the twisted fibres, and when filled and polished is often very beautiful. The tree heath is known as a large bush 15ft. to 20ft. high, Avith tiny dark green leaves, and in March and April as a decora- tive flowering plant of the first quality, the small, fragrant white Mossoms being pro- duced with the greatest freedom. It succeeds well in the South of England, and several large masses of plants 5ft. or" 6ft. high are among the most prominent floral effects at Kew Gardens during the spring months. The English name 'briar' is a corruption of the I-'retic.,It word 'Bruv&re,' meaning heath."