The Principality

"TO THE INSURGENTS, IN THE NAME OF THE NATI0XA.I. ASSEMBLY.—GENEKAJ. CAVAIGNAC. "Citizens. You imagine you are figiitijig. for the interests of the workmen it is against them that you fight,. and it is on them alone will fall all tile blocd which has been spilt. If such a con- test can be prolonged, one must needs despair for the future of the Republic, the triumph of which we all desire to secure. In the name of the ensanguined Republic, in the name of the Re- public which you are endangering, in the name of that labour which you. demand, and which was never refused to you, deceive the hopes of our common enemies, lay down your fratricidal arms, and confide in the Government which, if it cannot be ignorant that there are among you criminal instigators, remembers also that your ranks comprise but brethren who are led away, and whom it calls, back into the arms of the country. General CAVAIGNAC. SATURDAY, THREE O'CI.OCK P.M.—Paris is in a state ofsicgci General Cavaignac is the sole depositary of power. Tne Executive Commission is no more all the ministers have resigned. Since the elate of my despatch of last night 0 h cannon and musketry have not ceased to resound through Paris. The insurgents may be said to be everywhere, but principally in the Faubourgs Poissonniere, St. Martin, and St. Antoine, on the right bank of the river, in "the Island," and in the Quarter of St, Jacques and St. Victor on the left. The fighting has been of the most determined charac- ter. The insurgents, comprising, I believe, the whole force of the Sections. and of the. Communists, fight with courage, coolness, and enthusiasm. A most respectable gentleman, who last night, after the firing, traversed the Faubourg St. Victor, found five hun- dred barricades finished or in construction. He asked one of them, Why are you engaged in this dreadful occupa- tion ?" The man folded his arms and looked at him for some minutes, and then said, Because I starve. I have a wife an.d four children. I receive at the mayoralty twenty- two sous. per day. That docs not suffice to buy bread for us, cheap as bread is. Come with me to my home and you nhall have the proof. After you shall have seen my family, I will return to this barricade. I am hungry, but l wiil not eat. I shall fall fighting. (Jc me ferai titer.J" The gen- tleman accompanied him to his home, which was wretched in the extreme, and found the wife and children of the poor man without food. He gave them money, but lie could not dissuade the husband and father from returning to the barricade. The. National Guards are, generally speaking, as much broken down in spirit, by the prevailing suspension of trade, as are the working-classes; but they have a strong desire to establish and maintain order. In the Place La Fayette, close to the terminus of the Northern Railroad, there occurred yesterday and this day a succession of conflicts of the most murderous kind. The legions everywhere have maintained a resolute resistance, admirably supported by the troops of the line, and the Move- able Guard. At this moment (three o'clock) there is less firing, but I know not why. This forenoon the insurgents occupied the Church of St. Jacques. They were, I was told, summoned by General Cavaignac to surrender, but refused. I shall give you an hour for consideration," said the General, with his usual cold tone and manner. At the end of that time, the church shall be stormed." I know not what has been the result, the hour had elapsed when my informant left, and the insurgents were still in possession. A similar speech is said to have been addressed by him to the insurgents in that focus of the insurrection-the Cite. I give you till four o'clock," the General is reported to have said. If you still resist, I will bombard the quarter." Howitzers and mortars have arrived from Vincennes for the purpose. FOUR O'CLOCK.—If it were difficult to approach the fighting quarters this morning, it is now impossible. Not a man out of uniform is to be seen on the whole line of the Boulevards. Several women have been arrested, whose pockets were filled with cartridges. HALF-PAST FOUR O'CLOCK.—There is increased enthusiasm observable among the National Guards. A proclamation was posted in Paris on Friday afternoon, signed by the President of the National Assembly and the Comniissioii of the Executive Government, declaring that General Cavaig- nac, Minister of War, is invested with the command in chief of the armed force in Paris—the National Guard, the Moveable Guard, and the Armed Republican Guard." M. Lamartine, on horseback, followed by M. Duclerc, and a numerous staff, returned to the National Assembly at half-past eight o'clock on Friday afternoon. He was accom- panied by a considerable multitude of operatives, who cried, The Democratic and social Republic for ever." The fighting is very severe at that part of the Boulevard du Temple opposite the Jardin Turc, and thence to the Bastille. The Faubourg St. Antoine is said to be still in the hands of the insurgents, but the impression begins to become general that the party of Order," the National Guards, and the troops, will, ere to-morrow, have suppressed the insurrection. Six O'CLOCK.—Cannon have been Bent against the barri- cade in the Place Lafayette. A howitzer, with a party of artillery, have gone in the direction of the Rouen Railway. Troops and National Guards continue to arrive. The firing is less frequent and less loud. The National Guards on guard at the Palace of the Luxem- bourg have shot several of the prisoners who fell into their hands. It is said that M. de Narbonne and one of his ser- vants, who were taken with arms in their hands, have been shot. A dreadful act of butchery was committed on Saturday by the insurgents in, the Faubourg St. Germain. They had taken five of the Moveable Guard prisoners. Hearing that the troops of the line were coming, they determined to abandon the barricade, but cut the throats of the five prisoners; none of them had exceeded the age of 18. This act had the effect of exciting the most intense exasperation, and particularly amongst the Moveable Guard. 500 of the insurgents had surrendered on the Place du Pantheon, and were being led across the garden of the Luxembourg, when a large body of the Moveable Guard, unable to restrain their desire of venge- ance, sent a volley into the body, and killed, upwards of a hundred. Prisoners were brought in from time to time on Saturday to the building in which the National Assembly sits. Amongst one batch of twenty-five was a young girl dressed in male attire, who was most active in supplying ammuni- tion to the insurgents. Ri the Cite, so strongly were the insurgents posted,.that, the military, after repeated attacks, found it impossible to dislodge them. They therefore had recourse to the strata- gem of appearing to give way. They retired—the insur- gents fell into, the trap-they left their barricades, and pur- sued their opponents. On plain ground they had no chance, and great numbers were immediately slaughtered. All day troops were gathering towards the terrible Clos St. Lazarre. Several times reinforcements were demanded, but still, the troops could not make themselves masters of the position. The insurgents, entrenched in the hospital, defended them- selves with the utmost bravery, or rather obstinacy. One of the battalions of the Moveable Guard had already lost 200 men.. We just learn (five o'clock) that the barricades of the Faubourg St. Antoine begin to give way. The first was carried by General Cavaignac in person. 'Colonel Mit- chel, of the artillery of the National Guard, has been danger- ously wounded by a ball in the breast. At six o'clock the fire continued in the Clos St. Lazarre, and was recommenc- ing in the Faubourg du Temple and St. Antoine. At seven o'clock the National Guards of Amiens and some artillery, with General Lamoriciere and M. puconcx, a representative, at their head, joined their companions in the attack of the Clos St. Lazarre. SATURDAY, NINE O'CLOCK.—The positions which were taken by the troops this morning, in the Faubourg du Tem- ple, have been abandoned by the troops, who arc called upon to fight in other quarters.. The insurgents immediately oc- cupied them. SUNDAY, Six O'CLOCK A.M.—At ten o'clock it became generally known that the insurgents had no notion of retir- ing from the contest. They were fatigued, and, like the National Guards and troops,, availed themselves of a lull to seek repose. I met and conversed with several National Guards from the barricades. The people still held out in all the principal points. Their great positions were, one at the top of the Faubourg Poissoniere and at the Barriere Iiocheehoucut, At the other intervening barriers they had thrown up formidable barricades, which they manned to overflow. The barricade at the summit of the Faubourg Poissoniere was constructed in the strongest possible way, and was enfiladed and covered by crowds of insurgents, in the houses in its vicinity. From these they kept up a deadly fire on the National Guards and troops. The National Guards complained that there appeared an evident want of arrangement in the management of the contest. A great portion of the National Guards had been furnished with only two or three cartridges each. But for the bravery of the troops of the line, and the admirable conduct of the Moveable Guard, there is reason to believe the National Guards would have returned dispirited from the conflict. SEVEN O'CLOCK,—At half-past five this morning the drummers of the National Guard of all Paris began beating the general drum, thus removing all doubt that the contest would be renewed. Attempts to reconstruct barricades of the Porte and Fanbourg St. Denis were defeated, and the men quickly dispersed. ZD Since six they have been fighting at many points, but especially at the rear of the Hotel de Ville. NINE O'CLOCK.—The fighting is still going on. There have arrived 40,000 more troops of the line and National Guards from the provinces during the night. They are covered with mud, and loudly cheered by the National Guards, to whom they reply with enthusiasm. The Commissary of Police has just given notice that every door must be closed at twelve o'clock, and that no person whatever will be suffered to appear in the streets after that hour. General Cavaignac is determined, in fact, on a last and great effort to quell the insurrection. It will be a fear- ful struggle. All the troops within twenty-fivo leagues of Paris are ordered to march on the capital. It is impossible to form an idea of the number of killed and wounded on both sides. Rumour says between 5,000 and 10,000. The war-cry of the National Guards and troops has been "Live the Republic." That of the insurgents "Live the democratic and social Republic." The name of Louis Napo-. leot) has not been pronounced since yesterday. A despatch, dated Paris, Saturday, eight p.m., says- The capital is in a most awful state. Fighting continues with unaljated fury. The insurgents have encamped them- selves in the Quartier St. Jacques. General Cavaignac has ordered rockets to be thrown amongst the insurgents, The slaughter is terrific." SUNDAY MORNING, TEN O'CLOCK.—The Clos St. Lazarre has not been taken. The whole of the attacks upon it yes- terday evening have failed, and the insurgents maintain themselves in it as strong as ever. The cannon cannot be brought to bear upon it, from its being upon a height. General Cavaignac has consequently been obliged to send to Vincennes.for larger cannon and shells, with which an at- tempt is to be made to batter down the place from the heights of Montmartre, which commands it. Tho whole day will probably be consumed in the operation. The most horrible cruelties have been perpetrated by the insurgents. They cut the throats of several unfortunate soldiers and Moveable Guards who fell into their hands. They cut off the hands of a captain of cuirassiers, whom they made prisoner. Among those wounded are General Viorte, Count de la Tour du Pin, and others. General Gour- gaud has been mortally wounded. SUNDAY, ELEVEN O'CLOCK.—In the National Assembly this morning, the President announced that the whole of the left bank was completely free, and that General Duvivier,, who commands the Hotel de Ville, as well as General Lamo- riciere, who commands in the Quartier St. Denis, St. Mar- tin, and St. Antoine, has made some progress, aud that in a few hours the insurrection would be entirely suppressed. He added that the insurgents are everywhere discouraged, and have ceased firing. A decree granting three millions of francs, to be distributed amongst the population of the twelve arrondissements who live bj- their labour, was voted unani- mously. Several of the barricades were taken on Sunday by cutting ways through the houses. The formidable barricade of St. Mairie was taken in this manner with very little loss. The insurgents are worked up to a frenzy of desperation, and although there can be no doubt but that General Cavaignac, with the immense force at his disposal, will ultimately suc- ceed in annihilating them (for we fear from the desperation that they have exhibited that they will never surrender), yet it is not improbable that two days may elapse before tran- quillity will be completely restored. There are still some barricades in the Faubourg St. Antoine which hold out, and a strong body of insurgents is entrenched behind the Canal St. Martin, with the barrier wall before them drilled through with holes for musketry and covered by numerous houses, which must be-blown down. No doubt, however, is entertained of the ultimate and complete success of the friends of order and of the true Republic. The Clos St. Lazarre, the stronghold of the insurgents in the neighbourhood of the Bastile, which had resisted the at- tempts of General Lamoriciere on Saturday, and which pre- vented the troops from advancing into the Faubourg St. Antoine, was stormed yesterday, at four o'clock. This was announced iii, a letter from M. Armand Marrast, Mayor of Paris, to the President of the Assembly. All the strongholds of the insurgents, except the 8th mairie, are now in possession of the troops, but the carnage has been terrific. Never has anything like it been seen in Paris. The slaughter has been terrific. General Cavaignac or- dered rockets to be thrown among the insurgents, which did immense execution. In the Faubourg St. Marceau the in- surgents who had possession of the houses poured boiling oil and, boiling water on. the troops and National Guards. An officer who had been dispatched by General Cavaignac to Vincennes for reinforcements was taken by the insurgents, and hanged. The insurgents committed the most atrocious cruslties, plundering and massacring wherever they had an opportunity. Every prisoner they took was immediately put to death. They took possession of a large woollen store called La Belle Jardiniere, a building six stories high, situ- ated near the Rue St. Jacques, whence they kept up a con- stant fire on the troops and National Guard, and it was not until the house was battered down with cannon that they sur- rendered. M. Lamartine, M. Arago, aud M. Garnier Pages b displayed great courage, frequently heading the troops in their charges on the barricades. Lamartine and Garnier Pages both had horses killed under them. No one seemed to know what had become of AT. Ledru Rollin or M. Louis Blanc. The Archbishop of Paris has died of his wounds. That excellent prelate, accompanied by four of his grand vicars/ went, on Sunday of his own accord to General Cavaignac, at 0 the Palais Bourbon, where he has established his head- quarters. He offered himself to go among the insurgents. :o t) as the bearer of words of peace and to place himself and his clergy at, the service of the Republic. General Cavaignac immediately gave orders that every facility should be given to the venerable prelate, who accompanied by his colleagues, went immediately to the barricades, carrying with him General Cavaignac's proclamation to the insurgents. The Archbishop fell a martyr to his Christian exertions; he was. fired upon, wounded iii the groin, and conveyed to the Hospital des Quinze Vingts, where he died. The plan of the insurgents may now be understood. The insurrection extended on the righ bank from the Faubourg Poissoniere to the Seine, embracing thus the Faubourg St. Antoine; on the left bank it occupied the Faubourgs St. Marcel, St. Victor; and the lower part of tho quarter St. Jacques; these two positions were connected by the occupation of many points, suoh as the church of St. Gervais, a part of the Quartier du Temple, the approaches of Notre Dame, and the Pont St. Michel. The church of St. Severin served as head-quarters, and the Faubourg St. Antoine as a magazine. This plan was in- geniously conceived, for the insurgents were thus masters of an immense semicircle which formed nearly one-httlf of Paris. In case of check, the nature of the houses and the narrow streets created difficulties almost insurmountable to the troops, and afforded certain chances to the insurgents of retreat; in case of success it was easy for the insurgents, by advancing a little, to occupy the important lines of the quays and Boulevards, and they could surround by degrees tho Hotel de Ville, which would have been thus in their power, and once masters of that and the prefecture, they could have established their government. This plan enables one to perceive why it was necossary to make so severe a fight at the Pont St Michel, at the Pont do l'Hotel-Dieu, and the Pont which leads from the Huo Planche-Mibray to the Quai aux Fleurs; and it was because the taking these places divided the insurgent forces, one can also understand the bloody determination with which the insurgents defended the position of St. Severin, which served them for head-quarters, and that of St. Gervais which directly menaced the Hotel de Ville. It is evident that no mere workman could have organised and carried out such a plan as this. None but a strategist of considerable experience could have laid down the plan, none but persons having ample funds could have carried it into execution. The supply of ammunition was profuse, and the commissariat also was well organized The hnrrinfides wore many of them victualled to stand a siege, and the unfortu- nate" workmen, who were the mere tools of those traitors, of whose discovery and punishment we entertain strong hopes, were kept in an almost constant state of drunkenness. The losses of the defenders of the cause of order have been most severe. Upwards of 15,000 of the troops, the National Guard, and of the Moveable Guard, have been killed or wounded. Among the killed is General Neguin, the hero of Constantine and one of the Questors of the Assembly. He fell at the top of a barricade which he had just taken; he was stru-ck by numerous balls. General Duvivier has been severely wounded. The following decrees have been issued by General Cavaignac "FRENCH REPUBLIC. I.IBEIU-Y EQUALITY—FRATERNITY. The Chief of the Executive Power determines as follows :— Every individual working at or raising barricades shall be considered as if he were taken with arms in his hands. .1 The Head of the Executive Power, piri.s, 25th of June, 1848." "CAVAIGNAC, The head of the Executive Government d.etermincs-The mayors of the different arrondissements of Paris are to proceed forthwith to the disarming of every National Guard who, without legitimate motive, has failed to answer to the appeals which have been m.ade to him to join in the defence of the Republic. Paris, 25th of June, 1,848." CAVAIGNAC. Considering the decree of the National Assembly declaring Paris in a state of siege, we, the Commander-in-Chief of the mili- tary forces of the capital, in virtue of the powers conferred on U3 by the same decree, decree as follows Art 1. All placards on political subjects, and not emanating from the authorities, are forbidden till the re-estitblilitdert of public tranquillity. "Art 2. All authorities, civil aud military, will look to tho. execution of this decree. "24th June," "CA v AGX AO,