The Principality

TERMINATION OF THE INSURRECTION. At a quartWr after one the President announced to the Assembly that he had received a note from General Cavaig- nac, stating- that hostilities had re-commenced at ten o'clock, but that shortly afterwards the insurgents of the Faubourg St. Antoine had surrendered unconditionally. The note concluded as follows At the moment I shall be certain that the powers which had been confided to me by the Na- tional Assembly, for the safety of the Republic, shall be no longer necessary, I shall hasten to remit them into the hands of the President." The insurgents at first refused to sur- render unless they were allowed to retain their arms; these terms were of course refused. The attack was commenced, and then they surrendered at discretion, and immediately themselves commenced pulling down the barricades. Orders Z, have been given to close the clubs, and to-suppress all jour- nals which excite the people to civil war, and to prosecute all National Guards who had refused to turn out for duty. Several women selling liquors to the soldiers (cantinieres) were arrested on Sunday, for selling poisoned brandy and wine. The same fact. was repeated in other parts of Paris. Many soldiers have perished in this way.

BOHEMIA. SUPPRESSION OF THE INSURRECTION AT PRAGUE. The Lelpsic Gazette contains the following intelligence from Dresden, June 20th, 6. A.M. :— The military are now completely masters of the city of Prao-ue. The students, as well as the inhabitants, have been obliged to give up their arms. The National Guards intend restoring them as soon as order shall be re-esta- blished. Martial law has been proclaimed with its utmost rigour; any person who is found with weapons in his hands is to be shot on the spot. Of the thirteen hostages which have been demanded by Prince Windischgratz, not above six have yet been delivered, among whom are Palazky, Bann Villiani, Claudi (the investigator of the students), and Wanka. The others have fled or are concealed. Paster, who has likewise been demanded by Prince Windischgratz, was arrested by the authorities at Pilzen, but the inhabitants rose against the burgomaster, and compelled him to liberate the leader of the Czechs, who has consequently escaped. White flags have been hoisted on the houses in Prague. The first despatches which were sent off likewise carried white flags, which were hailed with enthusiasm at all the stations they brought in- telligence to by many an anxious expectant, and were looked upon as the token that peace and order were re-established. Count Leo Than did not consider himself safe in the country of the Czechs, and has therefore adopted a new disguise, in which he arrived here. It .is not known whether he pro- ceeded further.

IRELAND. THE IIlISH FELON."—On Saturday the first number of the Irish Felon was presented to an anxious public. The leading article bears the signature of Mr. John Martin, of Loughome, and is temperate in its tone. Mr. Devin Reilly addresses a letter" To the Englishman calling himself George William Frederick, Earl of Clarendon, Her Majesty's Chief Legal Murderer and Jury Packer-general of Ireland," which closely resembles the compositions of John Mitchel. Next week Lord Clarendon is informed that he shall receive some further practical instruction from, My Lord Assassin, your enemy to the death, THOMAS DGVIN REILLY." The Felon sneers down the grand" Irish League," laughs out- right at simple repeal, and will be content with nothing 11, short of a wholesale revolution and the establishment of an Irish republic. The Nation is highly peppered with allu- sions to the pike as the veritable queen of weapons; and the Tribune is scarcely a whit behind its more ancient teacher of the science of warfare. Mr. John O'Connell has addressed a ponderous missive to the People of Ireland," conveying his ultimatum with respect to the union of Repealers. The postscript contains the whole marrow of two mortal columns of the Freeman's Journal. Here it is "P.S. By way of postscript [ add, that I should perhaps not have used the word I retirement,' but rather that of I i-efit,al to join the new League.' I trust to labour still for Ireland as a Member of Parliament, and at home by writin(,, -ivliere I am precluded from speaking."

CLUB ORGANISATION. DUBLIN, JUNE 25.-From town and country all accounts concur in representing the rapid increase of the Confederate Clubs and the enrolment by wholesale of new members. Oa Saturday evening no less than six additional ones were esta- blished in the city of Limerick, and this day there is to be a gathering of the fighting men on the celebrated green of ■Donuybrook, for the purpose of finishing the work com- menced la-;t riumlay of enrolling the inhabitants of the metro- politan county into the ranks of the Irish National Guards. vReally, as matters go, there seems to be no doubt that before the harvest is fit for the sickle we shall have the realisation of Mr. Smith O'Brien's plan carried out to the letter, and that r. 0 the country will be garrisoned by some hundred thousand men, with arms in their hands, trained and disciplined to •enter upon any desperate undertaking which may be dic- tated by either the folly or the wickedness of the leaders of this insane movement.

CALENDAR OF OPERATIONS.—-JULY. Now the farmer's bopos and fears of a plant of turnips are excited by every cloud, and depressed by every beam of sun- shine. Now we hear on all sides the details of the horrors of "the fly," "the palmer," the caterpillar," and "the grub; and yet all these dangers must be successfully dared, for what is the plight of the light land cultivator without his turnips? Let such, therefore, to attain success, neglect no reasonable precaution or scientific improvement. Drill in rows and use the manure drill. A weric solution of carbon- ate of (lib. to five quarts of water) is a good steep for the seed we have seen a pound of saltpetre added to the ammonia wiih good effect. Keep the hoe or the horse hoe constantly at work; this by keeping the soil loose admits air to the roots of the young turnips, and pushes them vapidly into broad leaf. You may have to sow two or three times for this valuable root, but have, in case of need, especi- ally for your Swedish turnip land, a copious supply of cab- bage plants ready to fill up all gaps; they will supply, by good management, almost all the deficiencies in the Swedish turnips. Do not fancy tha.t by any mechanical means you can kill the flies, or that the black caterpillars are bred in the crushed bones; the boiled bones of Manchester are ex- tensively used for turnips in the midland counties, and the fields where these have been drilled are equally attacked with those manured with the fresh or green bones. Rape- cake powder has been successfully drilled with the turnip- seed in Norfolk and Essex, at the rate of five or six cwt. per acre this fertiliser is very noxious to the wireworm-the most stubborn of all the predatory vermin of the farmer's -crops. Rape and coleseed may be sown this month either after tares or amongst beans, to be fed off for wheat. Let your sheep have shade and water. Ewes, to produce early lambs, should be well kept this month, that they may be the more ready for the ram the beginninp- of the next month. Ewes for this purpose are now commonly bought in. Keep the boars from the sows from this month, until the middle •of November, that the sows inay not farrow in winter. Hoe potatoes and carrots. Lucerne may be cut and hoed this month do not now -it too close to gi-ciiiicl; close cnttmgmJures it. Cut peas and rye. Buckwheat should not be sown after the first of this month. Harvest is now close upon you; prepare the foundations of your stacks; look to your tarpaulins, frames, thatching straw, and to vour wagons. Repair and make hurdles, and have as little fl1"m- .Illg work left to the next busy harvest month as you possibly can.—C. W. JoliNsoiv.

THE COTTAGE GARDENER.—JULY. GENERAL OPERATIONS.—Keep all neat and trim. Hoe well, thin out, and keep clear from weeds, all the crans. Tie up lettuces] to blanch for use. What was omitted to be done last month must be done early this. Pull up onions «arlick shalots, and the like, as their leaves decay dry nnd house tlicm. Cut and dry herbs; clip hedges. Gatlier seeds as ,they ripen. As fast as crops are cleared off the ground, o I" away with the rubbish, and crop again. Finish earthing potatoes. In dry weather, water where necessary. French beans may still be sown, but the earlier in the month the better. They seldom have a chance of producing much, if sown after the 15th. Before the fruit can swell from its blossoms, the chilly nights and frosty mornings will commonly commence. SOWING AND PLANTING OF COLF.WOHTS.—The first and third weeks of this month, sowings should be made of cole- worts, for winter and spring use. Those sown in May, as then directed, will now be fit to plant out. If planted now on good land, they will be nice little loaf-hearted cabbages soon after Michaelmas. The Battersea is a good kind to sow for eoleworts. Celery should be put out early in the month for winter and spring use. Make a trench four feet wide, and about six inches deep the length must depend upon the quantity to be planted. Throw the mould out of the trench, half on one side, and half on the other dig in a good quantity of well-rotted dung into the four feet trench, tread and rake it after digging. Plant the celery crossways of the trench, about a foot from row to row, and about five or six inches in the rows. Water the plants when necessary. Hoe and treat it similar to single rowed celery; but when it wants earthing up, cast in part of the earth from the two sides. Repeat this earthing as often as may be required. Cauliflowers sown in May must now be transplanted. The land must be rich. About two feet apart is the proper distance to plant them at this time. TURNIPs.-The middle of this month may be said to be the best time to sow a principal crop for autumn, winter, and spring use. Sown now, they will be fit to pull at Michael- mas, get better all along to Christmas, and continue good till spring, unless destroyed by frost. Sow them moderately thin and on the last hoeing let them be at least a foot apart, and you will have better turnips, and a greater weight off the ground than if they were thicker. [ SOWING CABBAGES.—About the end of this month is the principal time for sowing cabbage seed for next year's supply. From the sowing at this time, cabbages may be planted out at least nine months of the year-from September to May, each month inclusive. It has been an old practice among the market gardeners to sow their cabbage on, or as near, the 25th as possible. Some writers recommend the principal sowing to be in August, saying that if sown in July they will run in the spring. The running of cabbages in the spring arises chieHy from the saving of run cabbages for seed an idle way too often resorted to by seed-savers. Plants raised from seed saved from run cabbages will almost always run in spring, instead of cabbaging. To have cab- bages fur early spring use, they must be good stout plants by, and planted out, about Michaelmas. The best plan is to sow in drill, and when the plants are up, thin out as early as possible to about an inch distance in the drills. This dis- tance is necessary in order that you may have good stout plants to put out. If your plants are drawn up, dwindling, and half-starved when they are young, you cannot expect to have a good early loaved cabbages. This is a good time to transplant Swedish turnips,

APPLICATION OF FARM-YARD DUNG. In a former paper it was proposed to prepare turnip lands for being sown by means of the operations of Finlayson's grub- ber, after the winter ploughing of one deep furrow. The pur- pose of this paper is to describe the mode of applying farm- yard dung, in accompaniment with that preparation. We know enough of the nature of the food of plants to sup- pose that it must be in a state of solution and suspension, pro- ceeding from minute sub-division; that water is the vehicle, and that the substances which the plants imbibe must be in a very comminuted state to be capable of being suspended in the common carrier. Similar observations have led to the prepar- ing and cooking of food for animals and human beings; and though plants cannot show us so quickly and visibly, we may very reasonably suppose that they possess the insdnctive fa- culty of choosing and rejecting; and we have this exposition niade by them, of their growing more rapidly when fed with one substance than with another, to direct and guide us in the application of aliment to vegetables, as well as to the individual members of the animal kingdom. In the operations of art we must imitate the processes of nature rankness. and coarseness of food produce an unwholesome vegetation, as is seen from excrements dropped on a grass field and the effects of coarse and unpreparedfooél are well known, on the forms of man and other animals, in producing large bloated carcases. A mass of dung, cold or warm, lying in a drill, must be in too gross a form to present and afford ready and palatable aliment to the tender fibres of plants, and a further reduction and mixing is necessary to produce that matrix of comminuted and finely- blended substances in which plants so very much delight to grow. The influence of air and moisture will reduce dry sub- stances to a manure by blending with the soil. Much tima, however, is required, and a great quantity of moisture, and the frequent stirring in the land. It is reasonable to suppose that farm-yard dung, and all substances that are applied to land as manure, should be in a reduced state and in the case of the former it would require an application to the land at an early season, in order that it may be broken and mixed by the subsequent workings of the land by the implements. In dry land and cl early climates the land may be fully half prepared during the previous autumn, and the spring stirrings may be done in the month of May. The farm-yard dung may then be laid on the surface in broadcast, spread very evenly, and ploughed under with one furrow. Finlayson's harrow may then work twice, lengthwise and across, or more if neces- sary, which will mix the soil and the dung, and make the land fit for being sown, in the form of drills or on the flat surface in ridges. In order to facilitate the mixing of the soil and the. dung as intimately as possible, the straw for litter must be cut by the thrashing machinery into lengths of four inches at most, which will not entangle the implements in the process of work- ing the land. The dung will be carried to the field from the yards without undergoing any heating preparation to produce the gaseous elements. This mode of applying farm-yard dung consists in mixing and blending the soil and the dung in the utmost possible manner of intimate comminution. It is in direct opposition to the present most approved mode of the putrefaction of the sub- stances, the generation of heat, and the evolution of the gaseous fluids but it rests on the undeniable specimens- of nature's chemistry which everywhere abound. And though a chemi- cal combination may ever exceed our powers, yet we do not know how near to it a'mechanical mixture may approach and- if it be absurd to expect perfection in any attempt, there can be neither absurdity nor foolishness in making the nearest o,,3s-, possible approaches to it. In support of the theory now advanced, we bring forward the example of Delta grounds, alluvial lands, of lucustrine de- posits, and of deposits of every kind, and of all low-lying grounds where a multitude of different matters have been con- gregated, and where they have been mingled into a state of very great fertility. The wonderful fertility of the Delta of Egypt is well known; yet, from the analysis of the mud of the Nile, here given, we cannot draw any conclusions in what z!) elemsntary matters the principle of fertility is contained. MUD OF THE -NILI, BY GIRARD — Water n Carbon 9 Oxide of iron. 6 Silex 4 Carbonate of magnesia 4 •Carbonate of lime 18 Alum en .48 mo The peculiar state of the combination of the elements, and the external agencies to which-they are exposed, no doubt are the cause of the unceasing-fertility of-the lgypjian soil. Cli- mate, and the exhalations that are caused thereby, have a most powerful effect in counteracting the original constitution of soils; in many cases they defeat the natural quality, and in others they correct the constitutional defects. And though we certainly do not possess the suns or the exhalations of Egypt, that need not deter us from taking a lesson from the fact that is shown us, and trying how far the best mechanical mixture which we can bestow will resemble the formation of nature; and what effects it will produce in the geographical position of our locality.

T. S. DUN-COMBE, ESQ., AI.P.-We that tins lion, gentleman, who has been prevented from attending Parliament for some time, in consequence of severe and protracted indis- position, came to town on Monday, for the express purpose of being present at the debate on Mr. Hume's motion. "We are sony to learn, however, that he experienced a severe relapse, after his arrival in. town, and has been interdicted by the high- est medical authorities from attending the House of Commons at present.

$ ROBERT OWEN, the Socialist, in closing a letter to the Queeu in praise- of his principles, concludes it as follows':—"I remain your Majesty's best friend in this period of coming revolutions." Her Majesty must be badly off for friends, if Robert Owen is the best. THE Hants Independent states that the gipsy school at Farn- ham, Dorset, established with the view of reclaiming the rising generation of gipsies from the vagabond life of their ancestors, is now in full operation. How TO PRESERVE SWEET PEACE [not Sweet Peas] all the year round,: omitted in the last edition of the Cook's Ora- cle."—Take six or eight cabinet ministers, as many army and navy contractors as you can catch, a few mischievous authors and editors, and a spice or two of belligerent parsons, assign these patriots and lovers of their country a place in the army, just on the field of battle where General Joab put the devoted Hittite. This recipe will be found an antidote for all wars, defen- sive or aggressive; wars of honour or for the balance of power --for pay, and plunder, and pensions, or for whatever motive, secret or avowed, or by whatever name war may be called and promoted. --Peace Adoocate. JENNY LiND's Tovit IN THE PROVINCES.—Mr. Knowleshas undertaken to manage for Mr. Lumlcy the whole of the ar- rangements for the tour of Mademoiselle Jenny Lind throughout the United Kingdom. The opera season in London wilf pro- bably close about the 20th of August, and after the fair canta- trice has enjoyed an interval of rest for a few days, she will commence her second provincial campaign in this country, vi- siting the principal cities and towns in the three kingdoms. A CLEAR CONSCIENCE.—Lord Howe gives the following ac- count of one of his crew, an Irishman The fellow was brave, yet never omitted to repeat this prayer every nio-ht as he went to his hammock,—' I never murdered any man and no man ever murdered me so God bless all mankind.' BOILER EXPLOSION AT PRESTON.—On Saturday week, a boiler explosion fatality, by which six persons have lost their lives, and others have been seriously injured, occurred at the cotton-mill of Mr. Hollis, Preston. The mill is known by the name of "The Sovereign," and has become notorious for the misfortunes which have occurred at it. About two years ago the buildings were destroyed by fire, when Mr. Pickles, the then owher, fell a victim.

(Selected for the PRINCIPALITY.) TO THE EDITOR OF THE PRINCIPALITY. Sir,—A good London friend of ours-a true Christian patriot—when lately in a rhyming mood, wrote down quick-verse" his political creed. It seems quite sound, anil some can perhaps comprehend it, in this off-hand old-Eunvan- style, more easily and more fully than if it had been more elahoratelj i -written.—S. R. LL.

THE PRESENT POSITION OF CONSISTENT NON- CONFORMISTS IN REFERENCE TO WHIGS AND TORIES, &e. AWAY with the Whigs as well as the Tories We will have no more to do with such parties They difier in nothing, excepting in name,— In everything else they art one and the same. Philosophical radicals, away with you too, You are no better than they, we do not like you Our reasons, however, we need not now tell," For all of you know what they are very well. Henceforth we're in spite of you all, Finn by our own princljJles to stand or to fall: To fall, did we say 'tis impossible we can, Because they are based on full justice to man. ♦ We are fully determined, yes, all to a man, In our own humble spheres to do all we can And we will not rett, till we shall obtain Redress of the wrongs of which we complain. We formerly fanciecl- that the Whigs were Roformf-r*, But found them at last sly Tory conformers; We once gave them credit for honest intentions, They were full of good aims, and made great professions But when they began to talk of "finality'" Our confidence then fled away from the party; And all Whig-Reformers did plainly appear For the first time in their own true character Reform was with them a farce and pretention, A cant and a stalking-horse, full of deception, Consisting of boastings and promises fair, Which vanished as vapour, were empty as air- Expediency led them to do, or uncIo, To sacrifice justice, and principle too Like Tories, the Whigs for expediency cry, Bat justice is never their rule to act by. The Whigs and the Tories in all this agree, As also they join the State-Church to fee; Finality ''joined the parties together, And the bishops confirmed the union—tis clear. Away with the Whigs and Tory- Whig-Radical, The enemies of justice and all that is equal: We condemn this cruel injustice of theirs In civil and ecclesiastical affairs.

CIVIL AND RELIGIOUS EQUALITY. Equality,—civil and religious, full, true,- We demand, and must have, it is our due 'Tis glaring injustice to force us to fill The State-Church's coffers against our will: To force one to pay for another's religion Is quite as unjust, in our opinion, As to force one to pay for another man's doctor, Or baker, or butcher, shoemaker, or tailor To boast of religious and civil liberty, Without religious and civil equality, Is quite as absurd as to say wrong is right, Or that light is darkness, or darkness is lisjht. To do unto, others as we would that they Should do unto us." is the only just way It is in religion and politics too, The sole rule of action for all, it is true.

CHURCH AND STATE. It is not an established religion we have, But established tythes, imposed by a knave, Established pluralities, established Church-rates, Established injustice, oppression, and hates. Hurrah, for repeal! for a full and complete ? Repeal of the union between Church and State, And then from the lords the bishops shall go. There never again to appear; no, no (hurrah). J.

A PENITENT'S RETURN. inly father's house once more, In its own moonlight beauty Yet around, Something amidst the dewy calm profound, Broods, never mark'd before"! Is it the brooding night, Is it the shivering creeping on the air. That makes the home, so tranquil Mid so fair, O'cry, helming to my sight ? All solemnized it seems, And-stili".d, and darken'd in each time-worn hue Since the rich clustering roses met my view, As now, by starry gleams. And this high dm, where last I stood and lingered—where my sisters made Our mother's bower—I dcem'd not that it cast So far and dark a shade How spirit-like a tone Sighs through yon tree My father's place was At evening hours, while soft winds waved his hair Now those grey locks are gone:! My soul grows faint with fear Even as if angel steps had mark'd the sod. I tremble where I move—the voice of God Is in the foliage here Is it indeed the night That makes my home so awful ? Faithless hearted 'Tis that from thine own bosom hath departed The inborn gladd'ning light No outward thing is changed Only the joy of purity is f1< d; A.ud, long from nature s meiodies estranged Thou hear'st their tones with dread. ° Therefore the-calm abode, By thy dark spirit, is o'erhnng with shade And therefore, in the leaves, the voice of God :f Makes thy sick heart afraid The night-flowers round that door Still breathe pare fragrance on the untainted air-' Thou, thou alone art worthy now no more To pass, and rest thee there. And must I turn away ? Hark, hark! it is my mother's voice I hear, Sadder thau once it seemed, yet soft and clear,- Dotil ,I-ic not seem to pray ? My name'! I caught the sound Oh, blessed tone of Jove-the deep, the mild- Mother, my mother Now receive thy child, Take back the lost and found. THE pangs that wicked men feel are not always written in their foreheads. Though wickedness be sugar in their mOlL and wantonness an oil to make them look with cheerful coun- tenance nevertheless if their hearts were disclosed, thil' glittering estate would not greatly be envied.—HOOKER! WH are not to choose for ourselves what parts to act on the stage of life, but to act those well which are allotted and ap- pointed for ivs. It is a great misfortune that people so com- monly amuse themselves with idle and .imasrinarv schemes hew they would behave and what they would do* were they hi such or such a situation. They would be very good and very exemplary were they very great, very learned, very wealthv very retired, very old, and the like. But they neglect the ciii which is in them, and the work which is appointed for their- while they are thinking of that which is not. Alas -their state of probation is their present state whatever it be. TUCKER. IF you desire to enjoy life avoid unpunctual people. They impede business,, and poison pleasure. Make it your own rule not only to be punctual* but a.little beforehand. Such a habit secures a composure which is essential to happiness. For want of it many people live in a constant fever, and put all abou<- them into a fever too. To prevent the tediousness of waitW for others, carry with you some means of occupation—for ample, books which can be read by snatches, and which afford ample materials for thinking.—THE OkiGiNAL. u*'u THINK before thou speakest.—First, what thou shalt s1)cak; secondly, why thou should'st speak; thirdly, to t ia,iv st, hi ve to speak fourthly, about whom or what thou art to speak; firthly, what will come from what thou may'st speak- sixthly, what may be the benefit from what thou shalt speak | seventhly, who may be listening to what thou shalt speak. Put thy word on thy fingers' ends before thou speakest it, and turn it these seven ways -before thou speakest it.; and there will never come any harm from what thou shalt say.-TL1 DOCTOR. WE all know upon how minute causes the temper AND dis- position of an individual may depend. A blight in the air the east wind, rain, hunger, bad news, mortifications, the loss of iortune, or of those we love these render us ii-ioiose m'ld sad, or fit for trascns, stratagems, and spoils. :On the olh,,r hand, a genial climate, the advance of the :s17ring, gratified love or successful -,bove all, health. These render us jocund, happy, and complylug, probably virtuous and pious i in short, fit for good