The Principality

TO SUBSCRIBERS. TERMS of SUBSCRIPTION :-4s 9d. per quarter, payment in (td- VQPost Office Orders'"should be made payable to DAVTD BJANS Principality Office, Cardiff. Remittances may be made m po*ta5c stamps to the amount of one quarter's subscription In order to save trouble and prevent delay, all letters relaau,, to advertisements, and for the supply of the paper, should be addressee, to the Publishers of the PRINCIPALITY. TO AUTHORS. Books, pamphlets, and periodicals for review, may be left at Messrs. Hamilton, Adams, and Co.'s, Paternoster-row, London, addressed to the Editor. TO AGENTS. We will thank our agents to put their names on the wrappers of returned papers, as follows: Mr. W. Thomas," or "David Jones (as the ease may be), PltINCIPALfTY Oilice, Cardiff." TO ADVERTISERS. The large and increasing Circulation of the PRINCIPALITY renders it a most advantageous medium for Advertisements of au deseiietions. The terms are moderatesix lines and under, five shillings; and threepence for each additional line. A considerable reduction is made on Advertisements repeatedly inserted. THE LARGEST cmCULATION IN WALES.

TO CORRESPONDENTS. T;, HEN BTJDLEII."—The omission of your letter last week was purely accidental.. „ <■ Our correspondent who has sent us an account of the doings o. the Mormonites at Abersychan, and their attempt to desecrate a bapti-rrv," mast bear in mind that however erroneous in his opi- nion. the views of any body of religionists may be, he has no right to speak of them in the language made use of by him in his com- munication. We have not the remotest sympathy with the doc- trines of the Monnonites," or « Latter day bamts neverthe- less, we would -not. wantonly abuse and attack t»«em. They ha,t a perfect right to hold and preach whatever doctrines, tiiey p.eas. and we have no faith in that rcVious liberty which falis short of, that freedom. We pity the "Saints,' but womd not iL-tre.ao them. We must enforce and practice more of tnat charuy which thinketh no evj1." « y .z "—We prefer not inserting your letter, an would rather'return good for evil than gratify our personal feeling ^by giving publicity to it. The paper that would copy from «notuer formal £ « scurrilous uncmthe,<tieated episode snould oe the last to charge another with vulgarity and abuse. He that lives in glass houses should not throw stones." ..1 „ "T POWELL." We shall endeavour in future to give the amount of traffic on the tramroad and canal. A cor-esnoudent calls o.ir attention to a "leader m tno (,«/- narvon Herald of Saturday last on Education in Wales,and points out the manoeuvres of the State educationists with a view o. keopinw up the agitation on tne subject, and prolonging tli. life ot their dying dailing scheme." The. article m question m evident y written'by one in authority, and is a key to the state of a dans Hy present. The subjects are the recently puoivsned iuuuitcs o. Council, but more especially the Report of Mr :Morell, one of Her Muiesty s Inspectors of Schools, and, like his master, Dr. Shuttle- worth, an ex-Dissenting minister. Its object is to make Govein- ment grants more palatable to the Welsh, because of Mr. Moi.J former connexion with Dissent. It commences witii an extiact tromthe Silurian, and the author—(we beg paraou-, have said Editor)—acknowledges the services of tae o.nc.a SaV-t the following terms': We deem it right m tne com- mencement to record our feeling ot grate!ul resp^t lO^e omtorj of the IVurian for having invited our atumao.1 to uie suoject. It is rot our purpose to refer to the subject, just now. Other on-st'ons claim on/attention but if circumstances'ar.se requiring our services, the principality will be prepared to lift up its voice in behalf of free education. <c A b,—Clause 10 is as follows The management ot t.ic Institution to be vested in a committee of 72 members, elected at the general annual meetings, consisting of equal numbers from the following denominations, so long as they continue their support, viz. Episcopalians, Congregationalists, Wesleyan Methodists, Cal" vinistic Methodists, Baptists, and the Society of Friends. But, should any of these denominations withdraw from their support of the College the required number of the committee shall be made up of equal numbers from those who continue their assistance, no undue preponderance being given now or at any future time to any one denomination." Our opinion of it will be found m the Principality of October 6, 1848. ",WI

SAINTLY DOINGS IN THE PARISH OF SAINT STEPHEN'S, BRISTOL. THAT emblem of perversity, the ecclesiastical law, has re- cently exhibited fresh manifestations of its barbarism, folly, and vice, in the notable parish of St. Stephen's, Bristol. This parochial section of the old city has long maintained the bad eminence of being the sole stickler for Church- rates among its numerous churches. The agents of the Church employed in levying this hateful impost upon Disse, seem bent on exposing all its deformities, not from any d's- position to shame the Church out of her bad taste, but rently from a lively sympathy of mind and spirit. oe;, seem to have imbibed the tyranny and love of spoil insepa- rable from a politico-theological institution calling itself The Church," and exercising an unholy supremacy over the con- sciences of men. The Messrs. Mathews, printers, on the Quay, have been mulcted (can it be legally ?) of household furniture, valued at £5 13s., to cover a demand of 8s. 9d. for Church-rates' The furniture had recently been bought new. to replace articles taken in the churchwarden's foray on the same premises last year, so that the above valuation may be presumed to be a fair one, as the actual cost price. But taking it at half price, or £ 2 16s. 9d:, and looking at the transaction with the eyes of common sense and common ho- nesty, what can we make of it but a strangely authorised act of plunder ? Robbery of industrious tradesmen, to sup- port an establishment scarcely less indolent than wealthy -robbery in the name of law and Christianity robbery, the fruits of which are to be dedicated to a modern temple, which, as the recipient of such unhallowed tribute, deserves no better cognomen than was bestowed on the Temple at Jerusalem by the highest authority that ever spake on earth. We use this indignant language advisedly, and point to the above recorded fact as a fresh signal for Dissenters all over the kingdom to renew a strenuous and persevering agitation against" Church-rates, and the system which presumes to justify such deeds of injustice and spoliation in a land boast- in- its civil and religious liberties. Without the most de- termined agitation on the subject, it would be imbecile to expect even an abatement of this really insufferable nuisance. The clergy are too fond of power, and too indifferent to po- pular opinion, as long as that power can be retained, for any hope from that quarter. Government is not only pampered by its mischievous alliance with the Church, but is so abso- lutely indifferent to any abuses of conscience which the people will endure without troublesome complaint, that it will do nothing towards removing them of its own accord. As it was with the Corn Laws, and other past legislative abominations, the sufferers must be the agents of their own relief. Dissenters now constitute a body far too intelligent and formidable to be treated with contempt, or resisted in a righteous demand, when firmly and constitutionally insisted upon. Our ecclesiastical laws form a black legion of op- pression, superstition, and absurdity. Let them perish, and their memory be like that of Sodom and Gomorrah.

THE BRICK" IN PARLIAMENT. spoke in thus wise If you want to send a man to Par- liament to work for your interest, send me and I will work like a 'brick, whereupon arose cheers loud and long that made the welkin ring. Mr. Pryse spoke liberally and promised well. Dissenters believed Radicals trusted. All Liberals worked with energy, and he was returned as the man of the people, the representative of the principles of progress. Lusty were the cries of triumph that arose on every side. Lips, that scarcely ever sang anything but Psalms, sung his praise in the sunny hour of victory. He was chaired: long was the procession of the independent electors who deemed it honour indeed to follow such a brick." Sunday-school teachers of the gentler sex waved their kerchiefa'from the windows as he passed. Oh, how glorious! ministers of religion followed in his train because he was such "a brick;" but Pryse Pryse, Esq., M.P., no sooner descends from the car of triumph in which he haa been placed by the exertions of a too trusting constituency, than he enters into the House of Commons under the arm of Lord Marcus Hill, Whipper-in to her Majesty's Ministers, and votes, in violation of his promises direct, and implied, against Mr. Cobden's motion for a decrease in the national expenditure. Why this red hot haste, Mr. Prysc, to show that you have obtained your seat by false pretences ? Why not more prudence? A little more decency would be more becoming. Why not have waited until the flowers and green leaves that a too trusting people had entwined into coronals to your hoaour, had decayed P Think you Aberystwyth would have given you her suffrages if they had imagined that the first parliamentary step you would have taken would be with her Majesty's ministers, in support of a pro- fligate expenditure of the money of the people ? Aye, aye, you are a brick" indeed, mere baked clay, to be worked upon and used. We expected a different course from the member for the Cardiganshire boroughs. We have been greatly disappointed. Let him avoid the lobby into which Lord Marcus Hill will doubtless ever be ready to lead him, for it is by this course alone that he will be redeeming 'his pledge of working like a brack" for the interest of the people.

COMPULSORY EXACTIONS FOR PUBLIC PURPOSES. 117E have said so much on the province of Government, and the evil of legislative interference with matters which are beyond its control, that we fear our readers will grow t, wearyof the subject. But as the question" is continually proposed in some shape or other, wo deem it our duty,_ as public journalists, to show the danger of the principle involved and the extremes to which the practical application of it would legitimately lead us. In a former number, a correspondent states, that I' bad parishes the legal right to raise money by rate, for the purposes of education, &c., much might be done in that way." The suggestion appears fair and plausible, but before it is put into practice we must inquire into the principle involved in it. If the plan were confined solely to the respective parishes or districts to raise the necessary money, all well and good, but our correspondent asks for a legal rig]it i. e. an Act of Parliament to compel the ratepayers, willing or unwilling, to contribute their proportion to the objects in view. The first question to be proposed in reference to this or any other nuüter of a similar nature is, not whether such a thing is desirable, but is it right r All parties adlllit. thai legislation should be founded on correct principles • and if we Were to' pay more afteiitidn td the principles in- volved in our actions, and the course we propose others to adopt, we should be less disposed to call f«f legislative inter- ference in the pfosectttidfl of any deSirabU object. There' ate niariy disorders arid evils in a cermmdnity which Government could not correct without stepping beyond its province, and violating important principles. There are also many things in themselves desÎrùiJlcf which Government, though it had the pdwerj ought not to attempt to do or to enforce, because it weald, iri so dolttg, go beyond its province and violate principle* F6r example, the introduction of new and improved machinery oftdri causes distress among the classes who have worked with the old and inferior machi- nery: but Government could! net, in any case, prohibit the- use of new machines without admitting a principle which would put an end to all invention and improvement. Many othef illustrations might be given, such as the sale of spirituous liqudi's, by which thousands of liteg are sacri- ficed annually; the neglect of public worship and of reli- gious duties; the publication of false principles in politics morals, or religion; the pursuit of occupation injurious to ,ife, or destructive to health and indeed numerous other cases where there might appear a good prima facice cause for an interference, but in which, nevertheless, Parliament could not interfere without violating principles of personal* commercial, or religious liberty, or the liberty of the press. The people of Wales are wont to inquire into the nature of the questions proposed for their consideration, and the" schemes or institutions that claim their support. They are imperatively called upon at the present time to watch nar- rowly any new plan proposed for their coitstderatfaa, asd tø. consider the principles involved in their acceptance or rejec- tion. It is immaterial whether or not the principle Involved is proposed to be carried out to its fall exten^feindeed the greater caution should be exercised where it is but partially done—it should be rigidly examined, and if it turn out fa be at variance with, or beyond, the province of Government our duty is clear, and the course we should pursue is un- mistakeable, namely, its. rejection* however desirable the thing may be in itself. There is such a thing as PRINCIPLE, and there is such a thing as TRUTH it is the province of a true Christian and philanthropist to find out the one,, and observe the other tj but woe be to him who sacrifices them on the altay ef ex- pediency.

CAEMFFT Oiun LETTEK. DELIVERY.—We find thrdt the suggestion we made last week relative to the delivery of letters in this town has been acted upon. We have seen the draft of a memorial which has been prepared for presentation to the Postmaster- General. We have no doubt it will be signed by all classes, and as a matter of course obtain the desired object. We stated that London letters are not delivered until half-past eleven we perceive by the memorial that in some parts of the town they are not delivered until half-past twelve. This alone is suf- ficient reason why another letter-carrier should be appointed. IMPORTANT POST-OFFICE ANNOUXCEMEXT,—The following no- tice has just been issued, to which we call the attention of those who have occasion to post letters at a late hour "GENERAL POST -orFicr.-NOTICF, TO THE PUBLIC.—Ore and after the 1st of March next the postage upon all the letters posted at the provincial offices, as well the late letter fee, must be paid by attaching the requisite number of postage stamps. As any let- ter not bearing tne requisite stamps, as determined by the office scales, must be detained until the next dispatch, the public are advised in every case in which such detention would be inconve- nient carefully to avoid all doubt as to the sufficiency of the stamps. As this arrangement will facilitate the receipt of late let- ters, the hours of closing the late letter boxes have been revised throughout the kingdom, and they will, whenever practicable, be kept open later than heretofore." NUISANCES.—The landlords of Stanley-street appeared at tho police court, on Monday, to answer the summonses, they ha received 1\/r WiY1vi;v of the street and premises. We understand the landlords in question have also engaged a medical man, whose report is intended to counteract the effect of the official one. THE account of the weekly traffic on the Taff Yale Railway will be found in our eighth page. T r! INFANT SCHOOL.—The annual meeting of the Cardiff Infant School was held on Friday last. The children were examined for one hour in sacred history, geography, and arithmetic in the two first subjects they were very conversant, and their an- swers gave great satisfaction. In the latter they were not so well versed, neither was there so much time devoted to it. Thev were examined by the master. The Dean of Llandaff and "Mr. Brace Pryce also took part in the examination. The children appeared clean and healthy, and some of them bespoke considerable shrewdness and penetration. At three o'clock the mayor took the chair. Mr. Miller read the report, from which it appeared that the school was altogether in a prosper- ous condition, It was also stated that Mrs. Guest, the widow of the benevolent founder of the school, had given a donation in the course of the year of JE60. The various resolutions were moved and seconded by the Dean of Llandafi, Mr. Bruce Pryce, Mr. C. C. Williams, Mr. E. P. Richards, Mr. Evan David, Dr. Moore. Rev. Mr. Conway, and Mr. Miller. Mr. Pryce, in moving the appointment of the infant Marquis of Bute as patTon of the society in the room of his lamented father, spoke in feel- ing terms of the loss which this town has sustained in the death of the late marquis. Mr. Richards, in proposing a vote of thanks to the Chairman, spoke in highly complimentary terms of him. Mr. Coffin, in returning thanks, expressed his warm interest in the school, and the cause of education gene- rally. The attendance was small but select, consisting princi- pally of ladies. We were rather surprised to find the meeting to consist almost exclusively of Episcopalians. STREET COMMISSIONERS.—The usual monthly meeting^ oi the Street Commissioners was held on Tuesday last. Ti c, Chairman stated that the Committee, appointed to examine the -iin tc various plans for draining the town which had been sent in, were not prepared with their report. It was therefore resolved to adjourn for another fortnight, when the report will be forth- coming A new rate was talked of, but it was resolved to collect°the old one before it was granted. Peremptory instruc- tions were given to the collector to collect tliewholeof the oklrate in the course of the month. There was no other business of public interest transacted.. r R]ITILENCIEN!r,N,T.- NN' e ui-i(iei-staii(-i tnat mueitx-ii sumiuis num our barracks have left for Brecon this week, a considerable number having been discharged from the barracks in that town. The particulars will be found amongst our Brecon intelligence. IvoRITE'S FUNERAL.—The members of the Cafadog Freich- fras lodge have lately followed to the grave the mortal remains of their brother, Oliver Samuel. During his illness he received from the fundsof his lodge £ 16 Os. 7(1. but having given a wrong age on his initiation, which was discovered by seeing 61 on his coffin, and proved by a certificate from the clergyman who christened him, he has forfeited the funeral donation the lodge, however, kindly paid the expenses attending the burial, though there was no claim upon it. Those that enter such societies should take a warning from this case, and make no misrepresent at JUS. — Communicated, INQUEST ON BOARD A Si-iip.-An inquest was held on Thurs- day evening, the 1st instant, before R. L. Reece, lisq., coroner, on board the brigantine, Three Brothers, of Plymouth, James Keddle, master, now lying in the Bute Docks, on the body of Thomas Wicke, aged 17, a mariner's apprentice, belonging to the above vessel. The vessel, it appears, had been moored op- posite the Dowlais Wharf, but owing to the insecurity of the fastenings she got afloat again all hands were on board, and deceased and another lad were ordered to the long-boat, to take the mooring tackle ashore; but in letting himself down he fell into the Welter and never rose. The spot in which he sunk was very deep. and some hours elapsed before his body could be found. Verdict, "Accidentally drowned." CARDIFF BOROUGH.-The following gentlemen were appointed assessors, on Thursday last W. L. Evan", Duke-street, chemist; aiicl It. W. Parry, Crockherbtown. ship-broker: ilod tlle follow- ing gentlemen, tud tors :Rees Joi es, Bute street, shopkeeper aud J. H Charles, Crockherbtown, coal-merchant. SAINT MELLONS, — EDUCATION. — Another very important meeting was held in this little stronghold of Nonconformity, on Fridavevening last, the 23rd ultimo, to appoint a committee, and transact other business connected with the embryo school which has created such a stir in this and adjoining j. arches.

nJldiog out such slender hopes of any material reduction in the expenditure of the country, attempting to discourage those who had pians to offer, and throwing some censure upon the Govern- me tfor the efforts even they were making to reduce that expendi- ture. He reminded Mr. Herries and his friends that whatever they proposed in the nature of relief to the landed interest must be founded in reduction of taxation. Mr. Cobden has shown that there had been an enormous increase of our expenditure, and no one had proved that any of his facts were questionahle-all that the Chancellor of the Exchequer had done was to allege certain specialties, some of which he had admitted were temporary. Mr. Cobde l had precedent and experience in favour of his proposition, and as the Government had conceded a reduction in the whole of £ 2,500 000, he had little doubt that i i 0,000,000 might be saved in our expenditure. The professional evidence as to the amount of naval and military forces requisite for the wants of the country were convicting; but when public opinion bore upon the ques- tion, th3 Government, whether Whig or Tory, reduced the ex- pend tu e, and as soon as that opinion ceased to act, increased it. Ou raval armament was kept up in some parts, not for use, but for pi ade it was time enough to send out squadrons when we were lInea. eried with an attack. Much was said of foreign esta- blishment^ but we did not regulate ours thereby. In the French navy ihere were 931 officers in ours, 3,931 we had 150 admi- rals -he Uni'ed States not one. Mr. Cobden did not ask an im- media e reduction, but that the House would declare that the pre- ent expenditure was excessive, and should be reduced with aI: practicable speed. Mr. URQUHART onpo ed Mr. Cobden's motion. Mr. M'GREGOR said that he should vote with his hon. friend the member for the West Riding merely upon the principle of eco- l omy in re-,ar(I to the finances of the country, and without refer- nee to the exp ndi ure of 1835 or any other year. At the same lime he could not go so far as to say that they could all at once reduce the expenditure of the country £ 10,000,0j0. He agreed with all that his honourab e friend had said with respect to the colonies. If this eount-.y could not reta;n her North American colonies without having 4,0 0 troop- stationed there, she had bet er not r tain them all. He c insidered England and Scotland to be twi e as much 'axed as any otier country in the world, and he believed it to be qui e possible to reduce the public expenditure by from L6,000,000 to £ 7,000/ 00. He saw no cause to fear that war ould breat out, and therefore both our army and navy might be re u ed to a peace establishment. In reducing the expendi lure the e should at the same time, be a more equal distribution of the burden of taxation. Ireland ought to bear its proportionate weight-, and main ain its own constabulary and military forces. The taxes pressing on navigaton, especially on the shipping in- terest, ought also to be reduced. Mr. ANoTEY charged Mr. Co den with swelling the majority of Lord Palme'ston, whose fore gn policy had created much of the increase of expenditure of wh ch he now complaiued. He denied that the reducti n demanded was safe or probable, and called upon ever we 1-wisher of his ountry to oppose the resolution. C one SIBTHORP felt it to b2 his duty to oppose the motion of 3YTr. obden, belie ing it to be a snake in the grass, and being unable to support h r Majesty's Ministers he should not vote at all and the gallant member walked out of the house. Mr. aRIGHT defended Mr. Cobden against the strictures of Mr. Berries,. The r ght hon. gentleman had, possibly, no stimulus frora 4h eonsti u ncy which he iepresented with respect to the question of national expenditure and taxation but he begged to te I the light hon. gen"eman that his hon. friend (Mr. Cobden), his righ hon. colleague (Mr. M. Gibson), and himself, represented a large tody of elec ors, and that those electors fflOSi correctly re- presented the feeling of a vast majority of the population amongst whom they U ed. The right hon. gemleman must therefore excuse them if they bought this question important, not only from their own conv etions respec ing it, Lut also on account of its vast interest, though it migh be feebly but honestly resprcsented in that House (hear, hea ). The Chanc llor of the Exchequer had said that the expendittir by which we maintain: d our colonies enabled us to obtain sup tie. of raw mater al. Did the right hon. gentlman mean to ass rt tl at we obtain more wool from Australia because we had soldier, and sailors there ? or that our supply of cotton from the United:- tates would be less if we h- d not a fleet upon the coast? or that c n would not t1;w to us from every part of the globe, although we had not sh;ps watching the vessels passing to and fro with those supplies ? (hear, hear.) The right hon. gentle- m n h d a so said that we could not do without forces if we were to maintain our colonies, or to keep up the volition of troops in India ? He Admitted that it was a monstrous thing that we should send out bodies of mtn to India, and kept there (such of them as lived) for 20 or 25 years. But why were they sent out p Why, he would ask, had we 8,COO, or 9,000, or 10, ;00 soldiers in Ca- nada? He believed that we had more soldiers in Canacfe than the wnole standing army of the United States (hear). If the Ca- isadas were well governed, as he believed they were, we could keep them u ited to us by the bond of mutual interest.. The question wi h 'h Chancellor of the Exchequer and wi h the noble lord at 1heh ad of the Government was not what precise sum woulrt clo, but h w much would take off ',he edge of the agitation out of doors, and h w mudlwould hon. gentlemen opposite allow them to do (hear, hear). By next year, perhaps, when the agitation out of doors would have become universal, they would ha\e the Chancel- lor of the Exchequer proposing one. two, four, five, or perhaps the tun mdiions which hi" hon. friend asked for. It was entirely a Question of pressure. They did not want to stuke off ten millions ar once, but to reduce expenditure to the lowest limits. The hon. member made a smart attack upon the Protectionists, telling them that the farmers wou'd soon discover the virtue of re- t r»pcl.ment, when they found it was the only source of a re- mission of taxa'ion, and calling upon them to join the manu- facturers in compelling the Government to muke reductions. Let them recollect what that taxation really was. They were ac- customed to rote millions as if every county in England was a California, and as if the gold was not produced by the sweat and idustry of men who were as much entitled to their honest, merci- ful. and just consideration as the proudest and wealthiest in either House of Parliament. When he turned to the last three years during which the manufacturing population had suffered the m )st intense misery, and when he saw how noble had been their con- duct, he thought that the present question, supported by opinion sr. universal and fortified by facts and arguments which there had been hardly an attempt to meet, deserved the greatest considera- tion at the hands of the House, and that if they would not concede the whole, they would at least go as far as they could in reducing the expenditure, and lessening the suffering of the people, (cheers -s and counter-eh. ers). Mr. H. DRUMMOND showed that it was a delusion practised upon the farmers. it this proposition was brought forward as a means of relief from their burdens a great part of which consisted of the permanent charge for the national debt. Ti » House divided, 'ihe uumbers were: — Fur the 7t3 Against 27.5 Majority -197 The Homp then went into committee of supply pro jorma. The following members voted for Mr. Cobden's motion :—Re- rumid Blewitt,°David Morris, John Williams.. ,t :-D. A. S. Sir J. G,,ie,t,T, Lewis, E. L. Mustyn. jJir J. Owen, Lord G. Paget, Pryse Pryse, David Pugh, Richard Richards, C. R. Talbot, G. R. Trevor, air J. Walsh, Col. Vatkins. The Relief of Distress (Iretand) Bill went through committee. The tlou-e then went into committee upon the "Vice-Guardians of Unions (Ireland) Bill, which underwent some discussion upon masters of detail, and a division took place. The bill, at length, passed through the committee. Use Over-eers (Cities and Boroughs) BiU and the Out-door upers Bill were respectively read a second time. The other orders having been disposed of the House adjourned at one o'clock.