The Principality

FRANCE. M. Guizot has written an elaborate address to his friends in France who wish to nominate him for election to the future National Assembly :— Only one thing is now important to France—that the party of order shall be organised. Organised, it will have an immense deal to do, no one can say all that it may have to do; but what it has now to do is to organise itself. Everybody says that, but I fear that many among those who say it are far from seeing what the words mean and command. Order is much more seriously attacked than is thought, and much less defended than it ought to be attacked to its foundations incessantly, everywhere, in the Government, in society, at the family hearih, in the secret of the heart of man, by revolutionists passionate, unbridled, indefatiga- ble, insatiable, defended only on the surface at the last moment, at the point on which the evil breaks out, by honest men full of doubt, who know how to die that society itself may not die, but who close the eyes and go to sleep the moment it becomes not absolutely impossible to beiieve that society may live ;—that is a great deal too Lttle ;—against such perils, order should have other than such victories. The public, the true public, the whole people with their great instinct know this, and act accordingly. Why diet they not elect General Cavaignac president ? General Cavaignac had gained the rriosi decisive battle for the advantage of order; General Ca- vaignac is an honourable man; lie u-ai the representative and chief of force, of foi ce legitimately victorious. But by the acts either of his friends or of himself, General Cavaignac was not in the eyes of the people the representative of order, the chief of the party of order. Not ungrateful, but clear-seeing, the people turned awav from him, and ranged themselves en masse around a name which had remained in their memory as the symbol of order and a strong government after revolutions. May the same instinct that guided the people .Lit the election oi the President animate and guide them in the election ot the Assembly. Tiiev have raised the flat; of ol-cle" let them assenibidJ/buud it an army. that is to say a great political party, capable of obtaining a defini- tive victory. The work is, I k'low, nuiniteiy mure difncult, but it must lie for the salvation ot society is at that price. I should offend Providence if I thought that society des- tined to perish. n Which ot us can ponder on the position oi tns country t not now is it for the determined advancement ot her liberties, or for the accomplishment of her designs iti tile wurld, OJ" for her gran- deur, or her glory, or for her future position, that France watches and combats so strenuously; but for the most elementary inte- rests of society, for property, for family ties, for qu.et, for daily existence. And even that end, modest as it is, France does not attain in a certain and complete manner—she succeeds in pre- venting herself from being precipitated into the abyss, but she does not succeed in extricating herself out of it. Who can mis- apprehend the meaning of such a spectacle r A stable Govern- ment, a Government which contains within itself pledges of sta- bility, and which spreads the conviction of that sentiment abroad, is the cry winch issues from these lacts—there is nothing but a stable Government that can extricate France irom the abyss aud no Government can become stable unless all the natural elements of the party of order shull join to support it. The three great Governments which existed and have fallen in France during the last sixty years have left after them, by the side of the Republic, three iiopes, or, sliall I fcay, three perspectives of government ? There lies the difficulty and it is for France herself to remove it, for she alone can do so. At her voice, and under her impulse, let one great party of order be formed, which shall not seek out ex- clusively or reject absolutely any of the solutions of the problem that are possible, but which shall be decided to solve it, and to remain firmly united for that purpose for without a firm union the problem cannot be solved. Already that party is making its appearance. Let it strengthen itself; let it increase let the elections send it powerful to the approaching Assemb.y. No one can say what the future will bring ilbout-perlizipi things wh.ch are now regarded as impossible. But, however that may be, if the great and natural party of order be there united, it will be the common safety. 1 have now said what I think. My friends. at present, know what ideas would regulate my conduct; it is for them to judge of whélt nature should be that which would suit themselves. If hey believe that my resence in the next Assembly will be useful to the common cause, I am at their service. Let them decide the matter in die sole interest of the coutitry-tlie sole law to us all." Mr. Lloyd and the English visitors left Paris this morn- ing (Friday) at eight o'clock, for Boulogne, where a grand bail is to be given to-night in their honour. The enthusiasm OAiiibitud towards them by the Paris population llSS 1)0011 no much on the increase for the lusr -day or two is fortunate they have so soon left, as no one knows to what extent it might have been carried. The National Assembly resumed on Thursday the discussion on the estimated of the finance department for 18-19. An- other attempt was made by M. Taiilcier to renew the debate tie, of 45 centimes; but the previous question, having been called for, was adopted by a consider- able majority. The following chapters were subsequently adopted without opposition down to the 11th, relative to the pensions of the peerage and the widows of peers and former senators, for which 440,0<)0f.. were required. M, Glais liizoin proposed to suppress the 284,0001. claimed for the pensions of the peerage, and consequently to reduce the credit The dignity of peer," observed M. Bizoin, is a monarchical institnt-mi, and those pensions, granted in 1829, were merely intended to support that dignity. The monarchy and the institutions on whicli it rested having ceased to exist, there is no more reason to maintain those pensions than to maintain the civil list of the last King. L Pussy, Minister of Finance, replied, that the measure proposed would be an infraction on the old laws i ii (IL customs or the country, and on the principles of, equity and honour that the Constituent Assembly and Convention itself had respected all the pensions of the monarchy inscribed in the book of the public debt; that France stiii paid a pension to a descendant of the Chevalier d'Assas, and that the senators and peers possessed all acquired rig-ht to the enjoyment of those pensions. M. Lherbette moved the suppression of ail those pensions, for, said he, the senators who had traitorously contributed to the restoration of the Bourbons were not moi e entitled to them than the peers of France. AI. Gotidchaux next defended the legality of those pensions, and contended rhat if a single'leaf was torn out of the grand Iwre, such an act would shake the credit of the country. The pensioners are, moreover, on an average, 71 years of age, and would not consequently figure long on the pension list. Messrs. Lherbette and Goudchaux were again heard, after which, M. Passy having ascended the tribune, his presence excited a most violent tumult on the left, and the President was obliged to read the 69th article of the constitution, confer- ring* on. Ministers the right to speak whenever they please. Thia, however, failed to produce the desired effect, and it was only when the President threatened to raise the sitting that silence was restored. M.Passytiten said that the firttf duty ot the State was to honour its engagements—that the constitution declared the public deh^jjjivioiable jahd sacred, and that the Assembly could not refuse the grant without violating the fundamental compact. Alter a short reply from M. Lherbette, who modified his amendment, and pro- posed to reduce the credit of 440,000f. to 8!,090f., the re- duction was put to the vote and rejected by 006 to 32o.

AUSTRIA AND HUNGARY. The Breslauer Zuitung gives the following connected ac- count of the late movements of the Austrian and Hungarian armies. It appears that the Imperial array, having re- ceived considerable reinforcements from Austria Proper, took up its position east ward from Pestii, extending from Waitzen and Godollo to Hatraw and Czegled. The lert t wing was commanded by General Sciihck, who took up his at the bulk of the army stood at flatraw, commanded by WmdisehgratiK, and the right wing, aider Baron Jeliaehieh, occupied Cxeglei and the environs d'that place. The Magyar army, commanded by General Dcmbinski. iad crossed the river Theiss, and advanced to within nine uiles from Pesth. Pembinski first engaged the Ban of Croatia at Czegled, and enticed him from his post by the .•etreat of a lesser number of troops thaH, the Ban had, aiid ndaeed him to follow the hying Hungarians deeper into :he country than he ought to have done..Baron Je-ilachich I vas thus cut oft' from the army of Piiuce. Windischgratz, LIld the only thing which lie now can do is to proceed fur- ther to the* south to assist the Servians, (hi the 4th ot April the Hungarians made a simultaneous attack upon the Austrian head quarters at Hatraw, and upon the left wing under General Schlick. The two armies tried their strengtii against each other in a pitched battle, and the combat lasted the whole day. The Austrian centre was pressed back to the very walls of Pesth. As for the left wing- of their army, there are no positive accounts of how they fared, but it is not unlikely that they, too, shared the fate of Baron Jella- chich-that they were deluded by a retreat of their enemies and cut off. The hopes which Prince Windischgratz has of them cannot be very sanguine, for the preparations which were mailing at Pesth oil the 5th and 6th illst. show that no less than a general retreat to the right bank of the Danube is in contemplation. The Prince's orders to fortify the city of Buda against an attack from Pesth are peremp- n I tory. The houses next the river and near the suspension bridge are being evacuated by the inhabitants and occupied by soldiers; the windows of these houses have barricades of sand sacks; the steamers are constantly kept with their steam up, so that they may be ready to start at a moment's notice, and a number of waggons laden with military stores Z, y and wounded soldiers are continually crossing the suspen- sion bridge.

PRUSSIA. BERLIN, APRIL 12.-The Frankfort deputation did not re- turn by the route it came, but through Gotha and Darmstadt. The accounts of the journey furnish a strong contrast to those of their arrival. There was a disposition to receive them with the usual honours, but they declined all invitations to din- ners and feasts, refused serenades, and as much as possible avoided making speeches. Such demonstrations, they said, did not suit the present position of affairs. At Hainan they were badly received, being hissed and pelted, the cause not explained. The sittings of the National Assembly recom- mence to-day, and the debates for a few days will be invested with a fresh interest. The tone of the various German journals, with the exception of these of Austria and a few violently democratic prints in the south, is gloomy and de- sponding. They consider the refusal of the King as fatal to the best form of the German unity, and fear that it will give art impulse to the democratic movement. Their fears seem rather exaggerated, as time will probably prove; but for the moment they regard the work of the National Assembly as 10; Their articles want nothing of a funereal- character but a black border to the pages. A deputation has left for Frankfort, to present the free- dom of the city of Berlin to M. Von Gagerii. The deed of conveyance, if it may be so called, is engrossed on parchment in the highest style of illuminated" writing, and is in itself quite a work of art. Among the few on whom this honour has formerly been bestowed is the Emperor of Russia. The Upper Chamber sat for the first time after the recess yesterday the sitting was short, and the debate, although all the German question," unimportant. At the Inst mo- ment before the holidays Mr. Kuh gave notice of a morion for another address to the King relative to his answer to the Frankfort deputation it was to embody a declaration that the answer threw the German nation (not Prussia alone) into a new and dangerous position, and rendered the ap- pointment of a commission to consider what measures ought to be taken under the circumstances imperatively necessary. This was made a motion of urgency," that is, one that takes precedence of all other orders of the day, provided the urgency" is confirmed by a vote of the House. During the recess, the committee to which all motions of this kind are previously referred has maturely deliberated on it, and, having more leisure than usual, has drawn up a more than usually long and minute report, which leaves no part of the question unexamined. There were but two main points to consider—whether the answer to the deputation was really cons, a departure from the previous declarations and principles of the Prussian Government, and whether it could be deemed a non-fulfilment of the expectations the previous policy of the Government encouraged. On both these points the report acquits the Government; it finds the answer of the '3rd of April quite in accordance with the previous notes, and, having specially considered the circular despatch of the 4th, which amends and explains that answer, the committee una- nimously declares there are no grounds for another address from the Chamber to the King, and advises it no to recog- nise the motion for one as urgent" at all. The mover, nevertheless, pressed his proposition, maintaining that the King should have accepted the crown at all hazards. Why should he rather wait to take it from the hands of a few princes than from the representatives of the nation P A crown bestowed by the voice of millions was, he considered, really yivon Hy -grace of God. Neither the speaker nor the motion excited much interest. During (he discussion M. Goithaaiiuer asked the Pr esident of the Ministry what mea- sures had actually been taken to obtain the end proposed by the circular note of the 4th inst., in concert with the several States and the National Assembly. Count lkandenburgh stated that the instructions tor Frankfort, were nearly com- pleted that the Prussian plenipotentiary (YI. Camphausen) had been summoned thence by telegraph, and ivould be ready to return that evening; it was the full intention of the Go- vernment that the uncertainty as to the reorganization of Germany should be speedily terminated. This statement was received with some applause. The motion was nega- tived by 75 votes against 08.

ITALY. In the sitting of the Vent tun Assembly on the 2nd, Man in communicated to that body the painful intelligence of the defeat of the Piedmontese. He remarked, that. the cir- cumstances were difficult, and that it was for the Assembly to determine the course to be followed. A representative having replied that the Government ought to take the lead, Manin asked, Are you, citizens and representatives, deter- mined to resist at every cost ?" We are was the unani- mous cry. Are you disposed to give me unlimited powers, that I may do whatever is useful and necessary for the pur- pose, without my being obliged to give you explanations ?" Yes, yes V was again the unanimous answer. I did not expect less from this generous Assembly," said Manin, "and I accept." The loudest applause greeted this dedaration. The representatives flocked round Manin and embraced him; he himself was deeply moved. The following decree was then passed :— The Assembly of Representatives of the State of Venice, in the name of God and the People, unanimously decree as follows:— Venice shall resist the Austrian at every cost. For this purpose President is invested with unlimited powers. "GIOVANNI MINOTTO, President."

DENMARK AND THE DUCHIES. The Hamburgh papers contain nothing new from the seat of war beyond the often repeated statements of the move- ment to the north of the Holstein and German troops. The Danish forces arc still holding their entrenchments near Duppeln. General Benin has his head-quarters at Hadersle- ben. Our correspondent quotes the strength of the Danish army at 30,000 men-viz., 15 battalions of foot, three bat- talions jngers, six battalions rosr.rvo, and 22 battalions of hoise.

ROME. The Univers says We have received news from Rome and Gaeta up to the 4th. The conferences on the effliirs of Rome were opened at Gaeta on the 30th March between the Plenipotentiaries of France, Austria, Spain, and Naples. If our information be exact, the representatives of the Catholic Powers first examined if the re-establishment of the Sove- reign Pontiff in his states could not be effected by pacific means; but this, as the reader will divine, was decided in the negative. The armed interven tion of the Powers from which Pius IX. has demanded assistance has been recog- nised as indispensable and urgent. The Plenipotentiaries subsequently occupied themselves with the means of execu- tion, and with the part which each of the States should take therein. No definite solution was come to up to the depar- ture of the packet boat. Our correspondent causes us to fear that the part taken bv France has not responded to what the Pope was entitled to expect from the eldest daugh- ter of the church. The indecision of the Ministry has, it is said, caused our representative to hold a language which, whilst expressing the best intentions, tends to continue a situation which the delays of diplomacy render every day more deplorable." By a decree of the 2nd of the Executive Power of Rome the formation of a voluntary legion of students is authorized.

SAXUFORI).—Subscription lists have been opened at Norwich and 8 waff ham," for the purpose of raising a fund for the relief of Emily Sandt'oid.. The subscriptions amount to £ 210 10s.—A7 r/olk Chronicu,

IllELAND. MR. DUFFY'S CASE.—On Wednesday the same witnesses were examined as the last trial. One of the jury was a prominent member of the Repeal Association. There are iu all five Catholics on the jury. A juror requested the Solici- tor-General to allow him and his brother jurors to take a little exercise, as their health might suffer from so much confinement. The Solicitor General communicated the re- quest to Judge Jackson, who saw no objection, provided the iz, jurors remained within the city.—A Juror Let us go to the park, my lord (a laugh).—Another Juror: The North-wall, my lord (a laugh).—Solicitor-general: I don't see any objec- tion to their taking an airing upon outside cars.—Juror: We would rather walk.—Another Juror No cars arc best. —Third Juror Let us go round the Circular-road.—Judge Jackson: Mcrrion-square or the College-park, gentlemen; keep within the jurisdiction.—Juror: Oh, say the park.- Another: Yes, the park.—Third Juror: Or the North-wall; there is fine air at the lighthouse (a laugh).—Judge Jackson: If the jury keep within the city no question can arise. Juror: Let us walk, my lord.—Judge Jackson: Yes; that is more healthful than jaunting.—-Juror: And on the North- wall.—Judge Jackson Yes, gentlemen, if you prefer it.- The jury wfre then permitted to leave the court under an escort of half-a-dozen police-constables, who walked at a gentlemanly and decorous distance from them, keeping on them, however, a keen and watchful eye. On Friday, after Judge Jackson's charge to the jury, they retired about a quarter past six. At half-past nine, the judges re-appeared on the bench, and asked whether the jury had agreed or were likely to agree to a verdict ? The Sheriff said, Nlv Lords, the jury say that they are not likely to a Justice Jackson Request the attendance of the jury. The jury came into court. The foreman replied that they had not agreed, nor was there any likelihood of their doing so. The judge intimating that the only course was, thatVhey should retire again, one of the jurors said, they were so equally divided, that there was not the slightest "chance of agreeing. This announcement drew forth a loud and gene- ra^ burst of applause throughout the court. The judge insisted upon their retiring, and on Saturday they were dis- charged, it having been ascertained that a majority were for Mr. Duffy's acquittal, and Mr. Duffy has been discharged ors bail. LORD CLARENDON,—A rumour is again abroad (says the Dublin Evening Mail) that Lord Clarendon contemplate oiiteil, an immediate retirement from the administration of Irish affairs. MR. TWISLETON, one of the Poor-law Commissioners, ha» returned to Dublin, and was at the Poor-law Office on Wed- nesday. In case the rate-in-aid project be given up, there can be no impropriety in Mr. Twislcton resuming his former post. An Income-tax is looked upon as almost certain in consequence of the course pursued by certain of our Irish members. There-is much curiosity to learn the purnort of Lord J. Russell's communication with our representatives upon last Wednesday.—Daily Seu, s' Dublin Correspondent, THE ROMAN CATHOLIC PRIMACY.—The Roman Catholic Whigs of Armagh, who are few in number, have it that Dr. Denvir will be elevated to the Primacy. The general body of the Roman Catholics expect that either Dr. Cantwell of John of Tuam" will be Dr. Crolly's successor. In their case, the wish is father to the thought." Dr. Denvir was an ecclesiastical eleve, or, at least,protege of the late Primate- The Pope, his cardinals, and the Propaganda, are well iii- formed as to the description of ecclesiastical rule which would suit Ulster. Dr. Denvir, activity excepted, may bo regarded as the alter ego of the late Primate. Aristocratic Roman Catholic influences will favour his appointment. EVICTIONS on an extensive scale are taking place in manv parts of the country. The Kilrush Vice-guardians report that, within a fortnight, 800 individuals have been driven from their homes. On one day at Tooinavarra upwards of 700 persons were evicted.

THE EARl, OF CIAUENDON, Lord-lieutenant of Ireland, has since Sunday been slightly indisposed at his residence in Grosvenor-crescent. His excellency contemplates returning to Dublin about Thursday. THE NEW MEMBER FOR LYNN.—The Hon. II. E 8tanleymt his constituents on Wednesday for the first time since his election. He addressed them at some length, and declared bis intention of opposing free-trade and the repeal of the Naviga- tion Lnws. THE Duke of Buckingham's Irish estates were readily dis- posed of at sums amounting to 30 years' purchase on good rentals, GENEU.VL Sin C. NAPIER had arrived at Naples on the 3rd in < the Ardent, which touched there to leave Major and Mrs. Na- pier, who was too ill to proceed. MH. T. S. DUNCOMHE, -\i.P.—-The health of this hon. gentle- man has so far improved that it is his intention to resume hi Parliamentary duties shortly after the termination of the Eastef recess. The disease under which Mr. Duncombe has suffered so severely for a protracted period has yielded to the skill and unremitting care of his medical attendants, who are, we under- stand, of opinion that, with proper precautions, the hon. mem* ber for Fiusbury has yet many years of public usefulness before him. TIm emigrant bark Ara, Captain Webster, sailed from South- ampton on Thursday with about 220 emigrants for Montreal. The people principally consisted of the agricultural class, from the midland districts. For purposes of emigration Southamp- ton has been hitherto almost totally neglected, although It possesses great advantages. SALARIES IN PUBLIC OFFICES.—An offic ial return, ordered to be printed on the 23rd of March, exhibits an increase during the year 1848 of the number of persons employed in public offices of 1,215, and a concurrent decrease of "360. The total increase of expenditure amounts to £65,063, and the total di' minution of the same to £ 88,772. ABOI.I&'ION OF CHURCH-RATES.—A public meeting was held in the Town-hall, Shaftesbury, on Wednesday, the 4th int" t which a petition for the abolition of Church-rates was uiail" mously agreed to. EXCURSIONS BETWEEN LONDON AND DUBLIN.—A novelty III railway excursions is to come off in May, namely, a trip'be* tween Dublin, London, and back, for two guineas, via tha Chester and Holyhead and North-Western. THE INVALIDS AT STANFIF.LD.— Mrs. Jeriuy and-Eliza Chest- ney are both somewhat better.—Norfolk Xcics. MUNIFICENCE OF S. M. PETO, ESQ., M.P.—The splendid hotel, near the Colchester railway station, which, with a very short interval, has been untenanted ever since its erection, is abolit being occupied under the charitable auspices of this gentleman, as an asylum for infant idiots. The building, which erected by Messrs. Grissell and Peto, under an arrangement with J. P. Orsborne, Esq., cost, we believe, from £ 12?s.OO £ 15,000 and a large sum is being laid out in fitting it for th" present purpose. Its original title, The Victoria," has bet*1 changed to Essex Hall." THE ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH.—A remarkable example of th4 olc-ill with which this important engine ie now worked bN, J'L,), naiist enterprise in tills ruuntrv Kns. during the p;tl;t week beell exhibited in connexion with the late banquet at SVakeiicld to the new apostle of peace The banquet in question being held at a late hour of the evening, of course some extraordinatf I eifort was necessary to enable the morning journals to report the proceedings fuliy in their first impressions of the ensuh'S morning, A resume, comprising not less than three of close, small type, was despatched along the wires with fidelitf' and skill within the brief space of less than four hours and b, three o'clock on the succeeding morning copies of The containing the report were issued from the press. PROTECTION to agriculture still causes some movement in provinces. Meetings have been held at Market 1hrhorongh, Warwick, Oxford, Uxbridge, and Romford aud others summoned in Devonshire and Lincolnshire. PROGRESS OF LITERARY AND SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTIONS.—A re' turn obtained by Mr. Schofield, M.P., shows that application1 have been received since May, 1344, from upwards of lot) lite" rary and scientific societies or institutions, for certificates at exemption from local rates. The weather, for some days past, has been intensely col''1 with occasional showers of hail. On Friday night, at ie" o'clock, there was a shower of snow, which fell so heavily thttl; yin the course of a short time, the ground was covered to depth of more than an inch. About midnight, however, the1' was a change to rain, and the snow rapidly disappeared ft0"' the streets.—Scotsman. SERIOUS OCCURRENCE.—Six persons were taken seriously last week at Stanraer, after having breakfasted on tea, herring j' and potatoes. They were members of two families, but in the same house. The symptoms of the attack gave rise 1 the suspicion that some poisonous ingredient had been in the1 food, and the subject is in course of investigation by the lutnO rities.—Dumfries Standard, L