The Principality

HOUSE OF COMMONS.—TUESDAY, MAY 15. EMIGRATION FROM IRELAND. Mr. MOSSELL, pursuant to notice, called the attention of the House to the question of emigration with reference to the neces- sities of Ireland. Wherever the remedy had been tried it had succeeded. It would be objected that the voluntary emigration already going on was excessive; but this was owing to the class or the emigrants, whose flight from the country augmented^ the ctii, increasing the disproportion between capital and population. He described, on the other hand, the vast absorbing power of our colonies, in which the labour of emigrants might be profitably ap- plied to public works, as well as to the impiovemeut ot the land. Jie then-suggested the modes by which emigration trom Ireland be encouraged, namely, giving greater facilities to Poor- !¡: w boards to borrow money for that purpose, and enabling landed proprietors to raise loans on the security of their estates for a limited time, the fund for making the advances to be created en- tirely from Irish resources. He concluded by moving an address t, the Crown for papers. After an amendment had been moved by Mr. O'CONNELL, and a short debate, the original motion was carried by forty-five to ten. ilir. PEArso.-T then rose to move for a select committee to in- quire into the practicability of establishing an uniform system of discipline, punitive, reformatory, and self-supporting, to be applied to all persons sentenced to imprisonment for crime. He adverted to the enormous expense of the present system. But, in addition to the expense, there had been an immense increase of crime, which had advanced 400 per cent., whilst population had in- creased only 05 per cent. He charged the present system with inflicting an enormous injurv on the rate-payers, the poor, and even the orisoners themselves, the mass of whom were men who, in a of freedom, would be able to support not only themselves but five others. His object was to make continuous- labour the means of punishing the criminal, of reforming lum, and of enabling him to support himself-a scheme which had been successfully carried into pr -ctice in other countries. Sir George GUHY gave credit to Mr. Pearson for the pains and a'Ueution he had given to the subject, and concurred in many of Inti opinions but his motion embraced too wide a field of inquiry. After a few words from Mr. PALMER, Mr. BUOTHERTON mo%ed the adjournment of the debate.

HOUSE OF COMMONS.—WEDNESDAY, MAY 16. CANADA. Mr. HATES brought up some papers relating to Canada. Mr.ROEBUCK said he rose to make some observations with re- ference to those papers, ard also with reference to the statements vlrich appeared in the public papers of yesterday, and which had lt urally created a good deal of excitement. He had been much surprised at the news which reached this country but he had been put into possession of information that a friend of his had junt received. He found the ministry of Canada were principally responsible for the proposal in question and he could not imagine that the Coionial-omce were not perfectly cognizant of all the facts iAt t'iio f;tpis thev must h;Vve known ,1°n2 before and the p.'pur that H13 hon. friend \Jar.Tiawe.-i) had sent round tins morning of itself showed that the ground-work of that proposition was thoroughly well kuown at the Colonial-office, and had its sanc- tion and approval. Mr. HAWES thought it would be extremely inconvenient to raise any general discussion on this subject at this moment. The House afterwards went into committee on the Landlord and Ttyiant Bill, after which the House adjourned.

.r-- =, -4:J'l" TO CORRESPONDENTS. We have received a letter from a correspondent, asking us why the corporation property in ^niiihtree t, is being repaired, when possibly at the next Commissioners' meeting it may be resolved to puil down the whole pile ? Why not, he a"ks, place there instead the intended statue of the late Lord Bute ? He thinks the rate payers should be on the alert at the corporation election. So do we

FRANCE AND ITALY. ONCE upon a time, a Whitechapel butcher had some diffi- culty in inducing a i-efrziefoi-v and badly-disposed animal of the ovine breed to eiitci- one of those convenient buildings ham-atnelv erected for the production of mutton, with which the metropolis is adorned. Whether the poor beast had sus- riciunsas to his fate, we know not; but certain it is that oaths, cudgels, and other such tempting inducements to com- ply vith his owner's will were liberally bestowed on him in rain. The animal was resolute—not an inch would he move. Had he been a special constable, he could not have been more unyielding' and brave. A spectator—one of the select few to whom knowledge is power—seeing the difficulty, suggested to the butcher a milder mode of proceeding—one that might be termed conciliatory. The hint was quickly tufcen. Closing in upon his adversary* and seizing his victim with brawny ami, he flung him helpless into the shed, and, with a kick and an oath he shut the door upon his pri- s, he exclaimed, "There, I think I have conciliated h!'1." A The nc-phew of my uncle" has adopted a somewhat eiurre. The Italians had got rid of the Pope, and determined to govern themselves. They woke up to the re- alisation of that liberty, the love of which, in the days of their darkest degradation, had never been extinct. They summoned to their aid the noblest spirits of their land. Thev gained that freedom of which their poets had sung- for which tlwir bnncst had nobly died. NVitli them was the sympathy of all who had hope in the future or faith in man. At length one spot in Italy, so long The grave and resurrection of the slave," was free. At leusrth there was one corner in that peninsula where the foot of the despot might not tread—where the truth might be spoken, and he who had spoken it might not, in consequence, be doomed to languish and die far away in the dark dungeons of Spielberg. And the freedom thus won was to be placed on a fitting basis—it was not to vanish iu the hour of its bill-tli-it was to be an abiding good-it was to be eternal as the principles of which it was the embodi- ment and type. Of course, it was not to bo expected this would be a Calymny, misrepresenta- tion, force, were to be looked for. Lord. Brougham and the Times would bitterly rail against "anarchy"; Austria would be eager to win yet deeper infamy than that which at pre- sent taints her name; but France, at any rate, would be L true to the mission she, proclaimed, and the. principles by which alone CLn her conduct be justified, hranee, witn its honour and its chivalry, would be a bulwark and an aid- France would see to it that her younger sister were not trampled on by the foes of freedom and of man. Alas in sorrow and in shame we write if, France has most disgracefully belied herself. Under Louis Philippe she had infamously taken, under what she termed her pro- tection, Tahiti and its defenceless Queen but under Louis Napoleon, the man of her choice, who ruled in the name of freedom, she has acquired a dishonour that can never be effaced. It can never be forgotten that she has aimed to esta- blish in Italy a government incompatible with progress and she has murdered llomans simply because they would be free! These things have been done, not by Aus- trian troops, trained to fight against Freedom wherever she may breathe, nor by Russian serfs, but by the sons of mag- nanimous, republican France. It is true that she has been righteously repulsed; but this minor shame she is burning to avenge, and twenty thousand soldiers, the flower of her troops, arc waiting the hour when, with one fell vulture swoop, they may destroy whatever of art, of freedom, of poli- tical life, may yet remain in Rome. For this abominable outrage on human rights what is the plea ? Conciliation—such is the cloak under which this in- famy is veiled. Such was the purport of the proclamation published by Oudiuot, when he landed at Civita Vecchia. Such was the declaration made to our Ministers. On the 21st of April, said the Marquis of Lansdowne, in tho House of Lords, on Monday night, he received a conamunica- Z, tion that the French Government intended sending out forces for the preservation of the peace of Italy, and for the restoration of a regular and constitutional Government. There was a misunderstanding between the Pope and the Z, n citizens of Rome, and the French were merely desirous of conciliating them. For this war was to be made, the Romans were to be butchered, and the city was to become the prey of the destroyer. Had perfidious Albion" attempted to conciliate the French and Mr. Smith," what a storm of righteous indigna- tion would have been raised! But the English people would never have suffered their rulers to have made the attempt. Dare the French Government do what the English dare not? Is their Government more despotic than ours ? The Holy Alliance blotted out nations and partitioned out kingdoms but Metternich, and Wellington, and Castlereagh served kings, and never had fought in the people's name. To seize the first opportunity offered them to violate the liberty, the fra- ternity,1 the equality, of which they fondly boast—with power won by liberty, to chase her from the only spot in the sunny south where she might hope to find a home—has been an infamy reserved exclusively for the French.

THE EXPLOSION AT THE WERFA COLLIERY. WE hear much, in these days, of negligence on the part of managers and proprietors of mines, and it is true that many of them justly deserve blame but how many are the acci- dents that occur simply from the wanton carelessness of the workmen themselves If they will not use ordinary pre- caution—if they neglect what cannot be neglected with im- punity—is it to be wondered at that such serious and dis- tressing accidents occur ? In our own neighbourhood this most obvious truth has just received another melancholy illustration. We allude to the explosion that occurred at Messrs. Nixon's colliery, near Aberdare. It appears that while one of the workmen was proceeding up the heading" in which he worked, to see if his stall" was safe, he was followed by two or three more, with naked candles in their hands. The consequence was, an explosion took place, and two men have already paid the penalty of their rashness with death. All the witnesses who were examined at the inquest agreed in the opinion that no accident would have occurred had ordinary precautions been used. Fortunately, the men who died have leit no wives and children to become paupers, and thus extend the conse- quences of their carelessness through many years. The ex- plosion might have been, in its effects, more distressing still. As it is, there has been a wicked waste of human life. Misery and death have been needlessly incurred. In such cases as the above, where the accident could have been so easily guarded against—where it was not more trouble to 0 be safe than the reverse—carelessness itself becomes a crime. The workman should remember this—that if he likes to peril his own life, he has no right to peril that of his fellow- workman. At any rate, the common instinct that makes aM men cling to life should be a guard agaiust the repetition of such culpable folly as that of which Aberdare on Monday was the scene.

TOWN LETTERS-No. 2. THE Bishop of London has made a notable discovery. Unlike the Alderman who was told he might well shake his head, for there was nothing in it, his lordship has shaken his to some purpose. lie has found our ragged schools are hot- beds of Dissent! It is true many genuine philanthropists considered they did much good that the Newgate chaplain publicly declared that they had diminished the number of juvenile offenders; that they taught children, ignorant as heathens, of a God to be loved, and a heaven to be won but what cares Charles James Bloomfield for such matters? Like a true son of the Church, lie considers poverty, starvation, ignorance, immorality of every kind, better than dissent. It is better, he virtually exclaims, that children should pine and rot in disease and vice than that they should become Dissen- ters; anything is better than tWt writes this well-fed Ui Christianity; and yet, his is the poor man's Church. That pure and undefiled religion, which consists in visiting the fatherless and the widow, is not the pure and undefilecl religion in which Charles James rejoices; hence- forth be it known that, where childish misery is sought out and relieved—where the ignorant are taught—where the idle learn their folly-where the vicious arc reclaimed—there we shall find a hotbed of dissent. What a melancholy thing it is, that in this world of ours real genius is so constantly overlooked. There really must be a conspiracy to put it down. Your true great man is in reality the very last man you would take to be such. An artist. the other day broke Mr. Knight's head, not that he had any pique against Mr. Knight, or wished him personally any harm, but Mr. Knight, as Secretary to the Royal Academy, was the representative of that institution, and our artist had attacked him because the directors had, in their stupidity, omitted to avail themselves of his very valuable pictures for the exhibition this year. A case of similar wanton stupidity has just been exposed by the Earl of Galloway in the House of Lords. The noble peer com- plained that that House would sink into contempt, were the reporters allowed to do as they had done. He found their reports most unfair; the speeches of some noble lords were copiously reported, whilst those of others equally deserving report were altogether omitted. Such had been his case. He had been surprised and irritated upon finding that the few observations with which at any time he might have felt it his duty to favour the House, were altogether unnoticed. Oh, what a loss" was there, may we exclaim with Marc Antony of old—with what eloquence we might have been delighted—with what philosophy improved—and of all this are we deprived, owing to stupidity or something worse on the part of the reporters. Well might the noble lord be angry—well might he speak as he is reported to have done, with much fury "—could our most sweet voice reach the reporters' ears we would tell them Pitt said, if he had the power of obtaining any specimen of ancient or modern elo- quence not existing, he would select the speeches of Boling- broke. Let not a future Pitt have to mourn that the oratory of a Galloway is irrecoverably lost. Perhaps the reader longs to know who is the Earl of Galloway then he is in the same predicament with ourselves, for so do we. Lord Brougham, the other night, let fall a word of truth in the House of Lords. Speaking of the return visit made by England to France which arrived in Paris at the same time citizen Brougham reached that metropolis, he said, he considered such visits very dangerous; and so they are, oh Harry, to that statecraft of which,yon and .pom" order arc so fond. When people fraternise with each other the diplomatist's occupation will be gone then mutual preju- dices will be softened down then mutual interests will be better understood—rulers will not find it so easy to carry on the game of war. If when rogues fall out honest men come by their own, when honest men agree what will be- come of the rogues? Can the quondam president of the Society for the Confusion of Useful Knowledge—-that great o-eniua who "built the great machine of the London Uni- versity and the Penny Magazine "—can he answer that ? All of London that is musical is weighed down with an unwonted grief. Ineie is desolation in Hyde Park- -Bel- oravia is in tears—there is weeping and wailing in marble halls. Jenny Lind—she whom bishops have feasted—whom p nobles have adored—whom kings even have dowered with royal giftshns left the stage. Never more will the boards be trod by this child of song. She is to be married at last, and to ilir. Pray, Mr. Jenkins," said a lady to an interesting individual who bore that name, are you mu- sical ?" No, marm," was the reply, but I have a siiuff- box wot is!" Happy Mr. Jenkins—still happier Mr. j Harris!" ■ ■ 'i It is an actual fact that Smith O'Brien is yet in the land of the living. So completely had the memory of his absur- dity vanished that not a thought was given him. Had he been the identical individual to whom Tom Moore alluded when he sang Oh, breathe not his name, let it rest in the shade, the silence respecting him could not: have been more com- plete. We may quote from Haynes Bayley, and sing of him who was to have freed Ireland from the yoke of the base and brutal Saxon :— Oh no, we never mentioned him, His name was never heard Our lip3 had quite forgot to speak That once famil.ar word." We have had other things to think of-morc glorious bat- tles for freedom than those of which Smith O'Brien was the hero—patriots of more lofty power than he who basely shel- tered himself behind the umbrageous branches of a—cab- bage,—of wider aim—of greater pluck and power. The 11 appeal cases were heard in the House of Loids last Thurs- day and Friday. The judgments of the Irish Court of Queen's Bench were all affirmed. The result is, Smith O'Brien is still in durance vile, and in all probability he will never have another opportunity for visiting the Coal- hole—not in the Strand, but in St. Stephens—or of telling the hereditary bondsmen—" Who would be free themselves must strike the blow." Of a folly similar to his own have been the riots in Ca- nada. What their issue may be time alone can tell. There can be no doubt that sooner or later the connexion between it and ourselves will come to an end. As these things are generally carried on by governments, that crisis, whenever it does occur, will be attended with blood and ill will. When will people take their own affairs into their own hands ? WIDEAWAKE.

CARDIFF. [The followiug has been dropped into our letter box ] The only town ever known equally dull was that buried at the bottom of the Dead Sea. The slang term, "slow," had its origin here. The comic singer from Cremorne stayed here a week, and upon his return was immediately discharged with a quarter's salary. Horses, who have a trick of running away, have been effectually cured by being simply led through the town. Dancing-dogs can never, on any account, be got nearer than the outskirts. A distant view of the town was the utter ruin of a comic actor of rising reputation. A gentleman was obliged to give up the turf, in consequence of having engaged a groom who had spent a year in-this town. The oldest inhabitant says he recollects his father told him that once a person was heard to laugh but it was discovered that he was an Irishman, and subject to derangement. If you ask a lady who has lived here a few years to sing, she gives— In the days when we went gipsying, A long time ago." A friend of ours, disgusted with the world, intended to enter a monastery, but was recommended to Cardiff, as the duller of the two, and has never repented his choice. Ditch-water is said to be dull, but it is nothing to it; nor the House of Commons, when Anstey is on his legs nor the House of Lords, when Aberdeen made his memorable juke. It is as dull as an Irishman the day after Donnybrook fair or as a fast gent. in the society of gentlemen or as a romantic young lady a week after she was married at Gretna-green. Finally, it is so dull, that the parsons, reckless of consequences, are known to preach their own sermons. EXPLOSION ON BOARD A VESSEL IN THE BUTE DOCKS.-—WE regret to have to record one of the most serious accidents that has happened in Cardiff for a length of time. The circumstances under which it happened should be a warning to those who are in the habit of shipping coal from this port. It appears that the Eleanor, of Whitehaven, had taken on board a cargo of Powell's coal, at the bottom of the above dock, and was ready to sail. The master's name is George Blacklock. On the morning of Wed- nesday last, about a quarter past six, the boy on board went to the mate and asked him for a light. The mate told him where to go for some lucifers, and on the boy striking a light, the gas which had accumulated in the vessel from the coal took fire and exploded with great violence, and was heard at some distance off. The consequence was that the deck of the Eleanor was almost entirely blown up, and one or two of the beams injured, but the damage did not extend to the neighbouring vessels. The mate, who was walking about the deck at the time, was thrown up into the air some 20 or 30 feet, and fell into the water, from which he was iiu, mediately rescued very severely injured. Five other men, who were in their berths, were very severely burnt; three, including the mate, were taken to the infirmary, where their injuries were attRn<wi -1—i.ua men- wuunas Qressea Dy Mr. Jenkins, of St. Mary-street. The mate lies in a dangerous state, but up to the hour of our going to press was alive. The explosion arose entirely from the hatches having been improperly battened dawn, so as not to permit the escape of gas from the cargo. This is the second case of this kind that has happened in the last twelvemonths. ON Monday last, the members of the Sympathetic Society of this town held their annual meeting at the Angel Hotel. Pre- vious to sitting down to the annual dinner, the gentlemen attended Divine service at H, John's church, when the Rev. Hugh Wil- liams, chancellor of Llandaff, preached the anniversary sermon. The dinner WES in every respect excellent, at which Dr. Rees presided for, we believe, the 53rd time. THE importation of foreign flour into this port, last week, is unprecedented—about 6,000 sacks. WE understand the Glamorganshire Canal Company intend lengthening the Sea Lock 20 feet, and making other important improvements, for which purpose the water will be let out for three weeks, after the 25th of May. WE have been favoured with a view of the plans of the new Wesley an chapel, to be erected in Charles-street, which will be quite worthy of so important a society, and ever be an orna- ment to the town. I-,QL'EST.-A.lr. It. L. Ileece held an inquest yesterday after- noon, at the town-hall, on the body of Margaret, the wife of George Martin, a shipwright, living in Mill-lane. It appeared, in evidence, that deceased was taken suddenly ill on Tuesday, and died early on Wednesday morning, She complained of cramp in her legs, and pain in her stomach. Mr, Jenkins, Sur- geon, who was sent for just as she was dying, stated that in his opinion deceased died from natural causes. Verdict accord- ingly. The inquest was held at the husband's request. APPOINTMENT OF PILOTS FOR CARDIFF.—At the quarterly meeting of the Bristol Town Council, held on the 8th inst., the town-clerk read a letter addressed to him from Mr. Osborne, clerk to the Society of Merchant Venturers, calling his attention to ? communication which had been made to the late town-clerk by Lieut. Dornford, dock-master at Cardiff, relative to the inconve- nience felt at that port in consequence of pilots not being licensed there. Lieut. Dornford was referred to the Society of Merchants, who had corresponded with the haven-master at Cardiff upon the subject; they considered that the necessity for licensing pilots at Cardiff was fully made out, and now submitted to the council for its adoption certain by-lawa for the regulation of the pilots so li- censed, appointing their district, and fixing their fees. After a good deal of unimportant discussion, the council ordained the by.- laws (which are precisely the same as those established at New- port), and ordered the city seal to be affixed thereto. THE works of the new county hall will commence on Monday next. ———— POLICE, MONDAY, MAYH.-— [Before the Itev. T. Stacoy and It.Ij.Reece, Esq.] IIOUSWIRKAKINA AT.LLANDAPF PARISH.—.W'iilifwJ Hammil WAS. charged., with breaking- open ;1U(1 eiitormg the dwelling-house of William Pavics, is, -r Llandaff parish, and stealing therefrojn a quantity of wearing: appai'el, «'e. Maxtha Da-vies, the wife of prosecutor, was svrorn. She said I left tha cottage at Mona-jhty at half-past eight on Thursday morning the lOtliiust. I locked the door and came to Cardiff to chapel. I got back about five in the evening, and found the window taken completely out, and the door open, the staple having been wrenched oft' with a coal hammer. 1 found the things in confusion, and missed two pairs of trcuteis, a blue jacket, a black patin waistcoat, two light waistcoats, two pairs of woollen stockings, two cotton shh ts, a pair of boots, silk handkerchiefs, pair of razors, two poundli of butter, 2 ounces of tea, quarter of a pound oi currants* and many other things, which have been recovered. The prisoner, had a shirt, shoes and stockings Oil belonging to my husband when taken. The above articles were produced and identified. William Nauh, police constable, was sworn. lie said; Fror-i jrformation I rpcclved, I went to the house of TownsendDennis, a shoemaker and dealer in clothes, in Caroline-street,Cardiff. I flaw a female landing there, with a waistcoat in her hand; I took the waistcoat from her h nd apd at-ked her whoso it was; she wiiditwasMrs, Pavies's, of Whitchurch, whose bonne had" been broken open. Tlte prisoner was there at the time. I asked Townsend Dennis and his wife if they had any more of the property in the house, and they both said No." I went across the room and behind the prisoner found some wearing apparel. I made him stand up, and found a light waistcoat, and a shirt, a pair of boots and stockings upon him. Dennis said, I believe that is all thai is here," I said I would search again. Behind where- Dennis's wife was sitting I found the tea, butter, and currants. I also found two silk handkerchiefs and a pair of trousers in a basket in the shop. I the*' left the premises with the prisoner, who ,said on his way to the utation-houso,' "There are more things thcre yet," I went back with him and searched again, and on shelf found a shirt a pair ofstoekings and a wrapper, and some, bread which tlje prisoner saidwns his; The goods were recognised by the pi oseeutor. Prisoner was searched, and a knife -and a purse was found upon bin. stated that Mrs; Dennis gave him 3s. 6d. for the things. Mary Gal)¡¡¡i1, the niecc ot Mrs. Davies, corroborated the former evidence. Townsend Dennis was charged with buying the goods above enumerated, knowing them to have been stolen. Police constable Morgan was sworn. He stated. About a quarter past eight on Friday last, I went, to Townsend Dennis's house, and asked 1.110 if he had bought any wearing apparel, which bad been offered him "hat moniing or the previous night, He said he had not bought any.

had ru.tn.ing to do with the matter. The farmers would not stand it much longer, and the noble earl the other evening had only had recourse to that argument to get up a cheer. Earl GREY explained. AGRICULTURAL DISTRESS. The Duke of RICHMOND then rose, for the purpose of calling the attention of the Home to the existence of distress in the agri- 4ral districts. He did r.ot wish to be an fdarmist, but large of our countrymen were suffering from severe pressure, The Government now said that they could rot retrace their steps. ajifl for that reason the farmers* wished to see another administra- iton in power. For his part, he wished they would resign, for he was convinced there would be no ditiiculty in finding better men to fill their places. 'i he Earl of WiNCim.sr.A could not remain silent on the pre- sent occasion, for he thought that a continuance of the existing oi things would seriously affect the prosperity and tranquil- of the country. For years they had pursued a falal course. Earl GllEY did not third; the present a fitting occasion to re-open the question of free trade. He was quite aware of the existence of great distress in the agricultural districts, and he sincerely de- plored it but, looking at what had occurred in former years, his firm conviction was that any measure that might be adopted in the vain hope of relieving distress which arose from circumstances be- yond their control would do far more harm than good. The Ear! of MAI.MKSBUHY was sorry to hear that the Govern- ment were unwilling to take any steps to alleviate agricultural distress. After some explanatory observations from the Duke of RICH- MOtH), the matter dropped. Their lordships then adjourned to Friday.