The Principality

FRANCE. THE LAST ACTS OF THE CONSTITUENT NATIONAL ASSEMBLY. The Constituent Assembly closed its labours on Saturday night. Having disposed of all the business before it, M. Armand Marrast, the President, addressed the Assembly in a short speech, which contained a history of their labours from the day of their assembling, on the 5th May, 1848, to the day of their dissolution, 26th May, 1849, in the course of which he passed a warm and most merited eulogium on the Assembly for the ser- vices it had rendered to the cause of liberty, and for the firm and moderate conduct it had pursued under the critical circum- stances in which the country was placed. It kad, he said, at the commencement of its labours, been assailed by the unjustsuspi- eions of one extreme party, and at its termination by the equally, unjust suspicions of another equally violent party in the oppo- site extreme, and it was the great merit of the Assembly that it had throughout its career acted as Moderator between these two extremes. M. Marrast concluded his speech by a cry of" Vive la Repu bliquc which was loudly responded to, and amidst which cries the Constituent Assembly was declared by the President M. Marrast to have terminated its labours. And here we must record a piece of petty and miserable spite on. the part of a man who, from his position, ought to have known better. The instant the President had declared the Assembly dissolved, and even before he had time to quit his presidential chair, or the members had quitted their seats, General Changarnier, with the most insulting air, ordered the officer commanding the guard of the Assembly, who up to that moment had been under the orders of the President, to retire with ) is men. General Changarnier is, we presume, aware of the nature of the animal which kicks dead lions. In the sitting of Friday, the Assembly voted the order of the day as an amendment to the motion of M. Ledru Ilollin for inquiry into the alleged conspiracy by a majority of 48, the numbers being 308 to 260. On Saturday the motion of M. Flocon for a general amnesty was lost by a majority of 5 only in a house of 567. An attempt was made by MM. Clement Thomas and Degoussee to induce the .Assembly to sit on Sun- day, which was unsuccessful, and then the Assembly passed its last vote, which was, the National Assembly votes its thanks to the National Guard and the Army." It was currently reported in Paris on Sunday that the new ministry would be composed of Marshal Bugeaud, General Bedeau, MM. Odilon Barrot, Dufaure, De Ilemusat (a partisan of M.Thiers), De Falloux, Benoit (a Legitimist), Passy, La- crosse, and Buffet. The Journal des Dobats denies a report current to the effect that M. Lesseps had negotiated with the llornan Government, not only an armistice, but a treaty, which he had sent for ratifi- cation to Paris. it appears that M. Forbie Janson has merely brought the heads of a pacific arrangement to be submitted to the consideration of the French Cabinet. The National mentions, as a report, that the French Govern- ment had disapproved the terms for an arrangement with the Roman Triumvirate proposed by M Lesseps, inasmuch as it would deprive the Pope of his temporal power. The Assembly was to be formally opened oa Monday, by a message from the President of the Republic.

FRANKFORT. According to the Post Ampt Gazette of Frankfort, the Prus- sian Cabinet has recommended the Archduke John to make over his powers as Vicar of the Empire to the King of Prussia; but, it says, the Archduke has hitherto refused to do so. In addition to the. body of troops to be assembled near Frankfort by the Central Government, another is to be collected near Stuttgardt, and to be placed under the orders of the King of Wurtemberg. In the sitting of the German Parliament on the 24th, M. Sehultx asked the Ministry if it was true that Prussia intended to dissolve the Assembly, and to conclude a peace with Den- mark without the assent of the Central Power ? The Minister postponed his reply till the first sitting after Whitsuntide. The Minister of War announced that the Vicar of the Empire had received a notification that a Provisional Government had been established in the Bavarian Palatinate, but that Govern- ment being contrary to the constitution no notice could be taken of the communication. The proposition that 100 mem- bers should be sufficient to pass measures in the Assembly was adopted. The King of Bavaria has refused to accept the office of Head of the Empire.

AUSTRIA AND HUNGARY. Intelligence has been received from Vienna to the 22nd ult. Count Stadion had tendered his resignation on the score of ill health the Emperor had refused to accept it, but had granted him unlimited leave of absence until his health should be reinstated. The :lngyars have again, utterly Ùefeatecl the Iinptiriul fmcco in the neighbourhood of Odenburgh, and in consequence Welden has'inserted in the Presburger Zeitung an order of the day forbidding the publication of any news of the army, except in an "official form. Great surprise is expressed in Vienna at the non-appearance of the Russians in Hungary, and -1 persons are rtsking what can have become of them. Probably Bern and Dembinski could furnish some information on this subject. • i -n It is said that the Emperor oi Austria, the Emperor of Russia, and the King of Prussia will hold conferences at Kalisch.

PRUSSIA. An insurrection has broken out in the district of the Moselle. Several arrests have taken place in Berlin. An army is col- lecting in Erfurt, in which city it is intended to convene the new German Parliament. The Cologne Gazette publishes the following letter from Berlin of the 22nd tilt. OiliciEil intelligence has arrived here that the Russian fleet has sailed from Cronstadt to protect the integrity of Denmark, and, under that appearance, with hostile intention towards Prussia. The officialuote on the matter is of great length, and declares positively that the occupation of Jutland causes the question of Sohleswig-Holstein to become an European one, and to be particularly intercsting to Russia. It. strongly blames the conduct of Prussia in the allair, and in- timates °that if the Prussian Cabinet shall not immediately evacuate Jutland, amicable relations between Prussia and Russia cannot be maintained. The Prussian Cabinet lias sent off General llauch to the Emperor of Russia, to assure him that it only makes war against Denmark by order of the Cen- tral Government, and that it will employ its efforts to bring about peace*.

BAVARIA. A Provisional Government has been proclaimed at Spire in the Bavarian Palatinate on the 22nd ult. In the evening it received a deputation from Alsace, which expressed the sympa- thies of the French people, and offered if necessary energetic assistance. It appears that it is not true that, as announced by a Frank- fort journal, the Bavarian Chambers have been dissolved but the dissolution is considered inevitable. On the 21st ult the Chamber of Deputies adopted, by 72 votes to 62, an address containing a declaration of want of confidence in the Ministry, for their recent declarations on the German question.

RUSSIA. A journal called Koezloeny, quoted by the Breslaw Gazette of the 21st ult states that a conspiracy has been discovered at Moscow, the object of which was to overthrow tfio dynasty of the Romauows, and replace it by that of the Demitiows. JLluee of the conspirators, who had in their possession 300,000 roubles ill paper, were arrested, and sixteen others took to fligilt. At .1 11 St. Potersburghsix, and at Sharkoif seven arrests, were effected in connexion with the same affair. The Emperor of Russia has arrived at Warsaw, accompanied by Count Orloff, Baron Meyendorf, and Prince Meutschikoff. The adjutant of the King of Prussia, Von Hauch. left Berlin to meet him. The Emperor of Austria passed through Breslau on the night of the 20th ult,, on his way to Warsaw, to meet the Emperor of Russia, preceded by General Berg. The report gains ground in Vienna, that there is to be a Congress of Princes at Kaiisli to regulate the affairs of Europe.

ITALY. The Opinione of Turin of the 22ad ult. states on the faith of correspondence from Genoa, that Guerrazzi, who had been sent to Leghorn a prisoner, has been claimed by the Liitish Consul, and embarked on an English merchant vessel. The Piedniontcse Gazette contains a royal decree, dated 21st ult., in virtue of which the Duke ot Genoa is piovisionaJly in- vested with the royal power during tne ilmess ot the Iving. It further publishes the sentence of the Court of Cassation on the appeal of lLllnnrillo. The Court rejects the appeal, on the oround that military sentences are not subject to cassation in time of and that the existence of an armistice does not alter the case. on account of its being a mere military conven- tion. The Court, therefore, refuses to take cognisance of the allegations made by General llamorino in support of his appeal. In consequence of this sentence, llamorino. was shot on the 22nd ult., at half-past six, a.m. The Messagicre Modeuese,. of 18th nit., states that the Austri- ans had begun their mareh upon Faenza, and that their head- quarters were at San Lazzaro, near Bologna. By a notification of the civil and military Austrian Governor Gorzkowslu, ot t-Jie ISth ult., at 4 p.m., Bologna is declared in a state of siege, the press is placed under preventive censure the civic guard sus- pended, the corps francs dissolved, and arms of every descrip- tion are to be given up. The Pdforma of Lucca announces that the entrance of the Austrians into Bologna took place on the 17th. The Roman troops of the line, stationed at Fuligno and other places in the vicinity, have marched for Rome. The Monitore Toscano lately denied that the Grand Duke of Tuscany was a party to the Austrian invasion into his states. The same paper now contains a manifesto of the Commissary- Extraordinary Senistori, dated the 18th, in which the inter- vention of Austria is gratefully acknowledged, as may be seen from the following paragraph:- Tuscans, the assistance which the Imperial and Royal Aus- trian Government has given to Leopold II., was loudly called for by the general condition of the Peninsula, and by the necessity of putting a stop to the disturbances which lacerated Central Italy." At Rome, on the 17th, the Triumvirs issued a proclamation stating that hostilities were suspended between the Roman Republic and the French. At the request of M. Lesseps, the French Envoy, the Assembly nominated three of their members to have a conference with General Oudinot. On the 16th a division of 12,000 men left Rome in order to attack the Neapo- litans at Albano. The Opinione of Turin publishes a circular addressed by the Triumvirate to the presidents of the provinces, dated the 15th, in which it is stated that Rome begins to reap the fruit of her courage; that the arrival of M. de Lesseps proves that the former hostile attitude of the French forces was merely owing to the instructions relating to the intervention having been misunderstood that further hostilities are suspended, and the military expedition is reduced to its true limits that the na- ture of the Roman question is consequently different from what it was in the outset, since France must either now fight on the Roman side, or assist the latter by her moral influence. The document further directs that this intelligence be everywhere made known, to confirm the people in their determination, and that the populations be organised as a levee en masse,for which purpose the Central government has sent an experienced officer into the four northern provinces, and another to the central ones as for Naples, the circular declares that Rome alone will effectually check attacks from that quarter. from Rome of the 21st state that M. Lesseps had de- livered in an ultimatum, consisting of three artides-u-one stat- ing that the French troops had been called for by the Roman Republic, a second admitting the right of the Roman people to choose their own form of Government, and a third permitting the entrance of the French troops, which ultimatum had been submitted to the National Assembly and rejected unanimously. These letters also state that the Neapolitans had retired to Veletri, where Garibaldi was in great force. The probability is that they have been defeated at Albano. The Austrians were about to quit Leghorn on the 24th, tran- quillity being completely restored. Florence also remained quiet. The Piedmontese Gazette of the 23rd states that the King of Sardinia was better, the fever having somewhat abated, and his Majesty had had a calm and refreshing sleep.

S CIILES WIG-IIOLSTEIN. MAY 24.—The bombardment of Fredericia is still carried on by the Germans with untiring energy, and the Danes seem disposed to carry out their menace of defending it to their last man. The Danish blockade continues to be a great impediment to trade, and the authorities of Dantzic are preparing a petition to the King of Prussia, for the speedy conclusion of peace with Denmark, as, in consequence of the stagnation of trade and commerce in the harbours of the Baltic., there has arisen a want of employment not only among the day labourers, but among all the smaller masters who are occupied in shipbuilding, &c. Panic and anarchy have attained an alarming height among the working classes. The Chamberlain Reedtz has left Copenhagen for Berlin. He is charged with the mission of arranging the preliminaries which are at length to serve as the basis of the treaty of peace to be concluded in London. The Hanover Zeitung savs the Prussian Minister is said to have notified to the Regent of the Empire that lie may be free from all anxiety in regard to the Danish war, because Prussia will now undertake the sole conduct of it. Wre have received this intelligence from a source which has hitherto always been worthy of credit.

AMERICA. The North American mail steamer America, Captain Har- rison, has just arrived with accounts from New York to the 16th, and from Halifax to the 19th instant. In Canada the excitement which succeeded to signing of the Rebellion Indem- nity Bill by the Governor-General of Canada, and which found vent ivi aat..ru.0ti<> tKo Houaoa of P.rli..Q.TnQ'1'}.t. liy ilXGGllfH- aries, as well as the burning of that individual in effigy in almost every town in the two provinces, is rapidly subsiding, and so- ber, temperate, and calm action is taking place. The association known as the British American League is increasing rapidly in point of numbers, and branches arc being formed in the upper province. <:> Sir Allan M'Nab has been appointed special agent to proceed immediately to England and urge the Home Government to dis- allow the Rebellion Bill and recal Lord Elgin, as the only method by which British dominion, in Canada can be main- tained. A slight emeute took place at Montreal on the 9th inst. The military were called out and restored order. Strong detach- ments of troops are kept stationed about the present Parlia- ment-house. Beyond this slight affair, no disturbance had taken place.

MOTS IN NEW YORK. A serious riot had taken place in New York on the 10th, in consequence of Mr. Macready's determination to perform at the Astor House. Dense crowds assembled round the theatre with the express determination to insult Mr. Macready. Some persons were arrested for disorderly condubt, and in revenge they attempted to set fire to the theatre. The mob out- side then commenced an attack on the house, the military were called out, and twenty people killed. The verdict of the jury was to the effect that circumstances justified the authorities in giving the order to fire on the people, but that had a sufficient number of police been called, the use of fire-arms might have been avoided. The following is a sample of placards extensively posted about New York: Americans arouse the great crisis has come. Decide now whether English aristocrats and foreign rule shall triumph in this, America's metropolis, or whether lier own sons, whose fathers once compelled the base-born miscreants to succumb, shall meanly lick the hand that strikes', and allow themselves to be deprived of the liberty of opinion so dear to every true American's heart. Americans come out and dare to own yourselves of the iron hearts of '76."

NAVIGATION LAW AXIOMS AND POSTULATES. COLONIES, Trade, and Commerce were made for ships, and not ships for Colonies, Trade, and Commerce. The cart existed before the road and the goods. Whatever increases the quantity of goods to be carried must pro tanto be ruinous to the carrier. The further roundabout goods have to go, the better for the purchaser. The wooden walls of old England are not her ships, but the heads of her shipowners. England is the world's workshop therefore it is her interest to keep down the quantity and keep up the price of nil her foreign raw materials. Shirking restriction provokes retaliation. Therefore, if England washes to prevent other countries from retaliating, she should increase her restrictions. High freights are for the shipowner's interest. The Navi- gation Laws keep up freights, therefore theN a viga tion Laws are for the interest of the community. Patriotism is above all price. Therefore, if England wishes her shipowners to be patriotic, she must pay them by a pro- tection. # It is more advantageous for the shipowner to go out with an empty ship, than a full one. Shipowners systematically carry on business at a ruinous loss. Two foreign sailors, each at 30s. a month, arc cheaper than one British sailor at £ 2 10s. A foreign ship that lasts six years, and costs £ 10 per ton, is cheaper than a British ship that lasts twelve years, and costs £ 15 per ton. Fourteen thousand British sailors entered the American ser- vice last year therefore the mercantile marine is the nursery of the British navy. Ships may be built as cheap at St. John's, New Brunswick, as at Bremen. British shipowners do not buy New Brunswick ships, therefore they will buy Bremeners. Whatever increases prices to the consumer is for the benefit of the country. Laws make men, and not men laws. No bread is better than half a loaf. Things that are equal to the same thing, arc not equal to one another. Two and two make five.—Punch,

ltIOTS AT iNEW iOKK. It was but the other day that the British public were startled with the news that a senseless mob, excited and led by a bankrupt faction, had burnt the Parliament House of our principal colony, with its archives and invaluable libraries, and had grossly insulted her Majesty's representative, on about as empty and beggarly a pretext as ever inflated the lungs of an agitator, or filled the hands of a ruffian. It certainly did not occur to us that so extraordinary an incident was likely soon to be followed by a more marvellous and more painful affair. Such, however, is the unhappy purport of the intelli- gence brought over with unexampled rapidity by the last ocean mail. To our English readers we shall seem to speak fables when we relate that, on the pretence of an utterly groundless quarrel, got up at New York between the respective admirers of Messrs. Macready and Forrest, the theatre in which the English tragedian was performing has been besieged, stormed, and all but destroyed, audience aivl all, by an infuriated mob, which did not desist till after a collision with an overpowering military force, in which more than twenty lives were lost, and many were seriously wounded. Certain it is that the most populous city of the New World has for a day or two exhi- bited the aspect of those European capitals which were last year successively the scenes of revolution and civil war. Cor- dons of troops, skilful operations, guns loaded with grape, deadly discharges of musketry, barricades carried, are results that we associate with ancient grievances, and new constitu- tions. In the city of New York they confer an adventitious importance on the wounded vanity of an American actor, who, having tried to do what no living being can do to the perfect satisfaction of an English audience, and what it only tolerates in two or three men of an age, did not do what nobody else could do, and did not attain to the rank of the two or three tolerated performers of Shakspere's principal characters. To the English reader it is perfectly unnecessary to defend Mr. Macready from the guilt of Mr. Forrest's compara- tive want of success on the boards of this metropolis. On this side of the Atlantic it will hardly be credited that the proprietors and editors of London journals have been re- quired to send over their solemn affidavies" that they did not conspire against Mr. Forrest, did not take bribes against him, or admit interested critiques, or bow to Mr. Macready's dictation. It will hardly be credited that whole columns of the American papers are full of letters pro and con on the question whether Mr. Macready's malignity did not pursue Mr. Forrest from the principal to the minor theatres, from the metropolis to the provinces, from Great Britain to France, and from Europe to America. We will not attempt to repeat ever so briefly what will be set down at once as the reveries of a mono- mania. The whole event is not only groundless in fact it is utterly irreconcilable with the usage and taste of this country. There is rivalry and jealousy enough, as there ever must 10 when diversity of tastes conspires with an opposition of interests, and when personal considerations are allied with the mysteries of the beautiful and sublime. But these inevitable tumults of feeling arc confined to green-rooms, to coteries, and as much as possible to the bosoms, be they manly or fair, in this keen though graceful competition. Mr. Forrest has mistaken not so much Mr. Macready as the dramatic and literary society of this country when he imagines an organised attempt to depreciate his merits emanating from any man high in British estimation. Unfortunately there is a class question in the affair; and no- where are class questions so terrible as in Republics. In New York," says an American writer— More than in most other large cities, there are two distinct classes of people, whose opinions, tastes, and manner of life are almost diametrically oppúsite., The class known as the Bowery boys, although not without their good traits of character, are na- turally the opponents of the higher or more wealthy classes who reside in the vicinity of Waverly-place, and who pay high prices for pews in fashionable churches, and sustain with their presence the Italian Opera. The Bowery boys have a natural dislike and enmity to the frequenters of the Opera House. The very fact that no person was admitted within it unless in full dress and with wliite kids was enough to arouse the passions of those men who nightly fill the pits of the Bowery and the Chatham, to witness the performance of highly wrought melodramas, in their red shirts, and with their pockets filled with pea-nuts and pigtail." The Opera House, with its evening dress, and no admission under a dollar, always unpopular, was an additional crime in Mr. Macready. He had just returned from a successful en- gagement at Baltimore, Boston, New Orleans, and even Phi- ladelphia, since the beginning of this quarrel, but he had not yet encountered the mob element in such fearful force and antagonism. Indeed, the outrages he suffered were such as we cannot ascribe to Mr. Forrest and his friends. When we read of a heavy piece of wood and four chairs being hurled on the stage on the previous Monday, we are forced to suspect tickxia_o.tU.ii-.o5 +Y*o>i o /vitrip!i 1 On fnt.nl liierlit the mob was proceeding to tlie actual destruction of the theatre. This was the work of a "social" democracy, pulling down everything to its own level. The result is lamentable indeed, for the wound cannot irut rankle. It is, however, consolatory to reflect that no blame appears to rest either on the authori- ties, or on 111'. Macready, or on his friends. After the violence of the previous Monday, when he was, in fact, driven from the theatre, he wished to conclude his engagements, but his friends, among whom is the illustrious name of Washington Irving, drew up an address, urging him, for the credit of the city and nation, not to give way. He yielded to their advice. As for the measures taken by the authorities, though they present a striking contrast to the details of the Montreal riot, and though they manifest a decision and an effect beyond what we have lately been accustomed to witness on the part of standing armies, emperors, and kings, they do not appear to have ex- ceeded the necessity of the crisis. Order was to be restored liberty, life, and property secured and the good name of the union established. When these were menaced by a desperate mob, force was to he encountered by force. The troops could not throw paving stones, so they returned the volley with bul- lets. The consequences of a deadly collision are inevitable, and attach to those who provoke it. We cannot, however, re- gard the catastrophe without apprehension. Already wicked attempts have been made by incendiary placards to link the aristocracies" of New York and England, and represent Mr. Macready as establishing a British tyranny in the United States. The idea is too gross even for lIte" Bowery boys," but the excitement, supplied as it is with so much anti-British mate- rial, is too likely to be renewed, unless ali the good sense of the union is exercised to extinguish it.-

DEATH OF TrIg DUKE OF ST. ALBANS.—It is with much regret we announce the demise of the above noble duke, which took place on Saturday evening at his mansion in Piccadilly, in his forty-ninth year. His grace had been for some months suffering from indifferent health, arising from a fall from his horse whilst hunting, at Redbourne, Lincolnshire. He suc- ceeded his father, William, the late duke, July 17th, 182-5. His grace married, June 16th, 1827, Mrs. Harriet Coutts, widow of Thomas Coutts, Esq. This lady died in 1837. The duke married, secondly, in 1839, Miss Gubbins, daughter of the late General Gubbins, of the East India Company's service, by whom, who survives him, he has left issue two children, William Arthur de Vere, Earl of Burford, born 1840, now Duke of St. Albans, and Lady Diana de Beauclerk. GUT r A PmiCHA.—The use of gutta pereha fur soles of boots and shoes has now become so very genera!, and its many advan- tages over leather for that purpose have been so well proved, that it is almost unnecessary to say anything in its favour. We have, however, lately had our attention called to numerous articles, for domestic and other use: which demand some notice and we may here remark, that. almost all articles manufactured from tiiia curious material are particularly applicable for maritime pur- poses. The material itself, as is well known, is perfectly imper- vious to wet, and may be steeped in either fresh or salt water for months without imbibing the slightest moisture, and is therefore most valuable to seamen and emigrants, as a means of keeping their feet warm and dry when used for soles. Basins, bowls, mugs, buckets, &c., are also made of gutta purcha, and these, both for maritime and domestic purposes, particularly where there are children, will be found extremely convenient and economic, as they cannot be broken, however violently they may be thrown on the ground. Several of these utensils may even be converted into air- tight life-buoys, in the event of shipwreck. Speaking-trumpets and pump-buckets are also made of the same material; and not. the least important use to which it may be applied on board ship is when made into a tube, for if a tube be carried from the deck to the masthead, a conversation may be distinctly carried on, even during a storm, between the man on the look-out and the captain. It is also useful for conversation between the helmsman and the captain, whilst in his cabin—in fact, gutta percha, being totally unaffected by salt water, may be applied to endless uses on ship- board, such as coverings for hatchways and baggage, sheathing for sides of vessels and bouts, life-boat air-cells, straps, cordage, &c and we have no doubt that, when its properties for the pur- poses to which we have allticle(I are more known, its use will be- come very general. We have also seen some very beautiful orna- mental articles made by the Gutta Percha Company, consisting of inkstands, trays, brackets, picture-frames, medallions, &c., which show the great perfection to which the working of the material has been brought.—Journal of Commerce, April 14, 1849.