Papurau Newydd Cymru
Chwiliwch 15 miliwn o erthyglau papurau newydd Cymru
5 erthygl ar y dudalen hon
ON THE DEATH OF S. MARGARET…
ON THE DEATH OF S. MARGARET FULLER. [The following lines on the death of this deeply-regretted lady, who perished < in the ill-fated Orion, were written by the distinguished novelist,.G. 3t. James, Esq.] High hopes and bright thine early path bedecked, And aspirations beautiful, though wild; A heart too strong, a powerful willunchecked, A dream that earth-things could be undefiled. v But soon around thee grew a golden chain, That bound the woman to more human things, 10 And taught with joy and, it may be, with pain- That there are limits e'en to spirits' wings. Husband and child-the loying and beloved- Won, from the vast of thought, a mortal part; The impassionate wife and mother, yielding, proved Mind has, itself, a master-in the heart. In distant lands enhaloed by old fame, fhou found'st the only chain thy spirit knew; y But, captive, led'st thy captors, from the shame Of ancient freedom to the pride of new. And loved hearts clung around thee on the deck, Welling with sunny hopes 'neath sunny skies; The wide horizon round thee had no speck; E'en Doubt herself could see no cloud arise. The loved ones clung around thee when the sail, O'er wide Atlantic billows, onward bore Thy freight of joys, and the expanding gale Pressed the gad bark toward thy native shore. The loved ones clung around thee still, when all Was darkness, tempest, terror, and dismay: More closely clung around thee when the pall' Of Pate was tailing o'er the mortal clay. With them to live—with them, with them to die- Sublime of human lovo, intense and fine! Was thy last prayer unto the Deity, And it was granted thee by love divine. In the same billow-in the same dark grave- 11 other, and child, and husband, find their rest: The dream is ended; and the solemn wave Gives back the gifted to her country's breast.
dØ lUllingø.
dØ lUllingø. BZAR WITH PATIENCE.—Two Yankees were strolling in the vreods without any arms in their possession, and observing a bear ascending a tree, with its large paws clasped round the trunk, one of them ran forward and caught the bear's paws, one in each hand. He instantly called out to his cotnrade- Jonathan, I say, go home and get me something as fast as you can, till I kill the varmint. Mind, don't stay, for I'm in a fix." Jonathan ran off as fast as he could, but was an exceedingly long time returning. During the interval the bear made several desperate attempts to bite the hand of him who held it. At length Jonathan came back. V Hallow, Jonathan, what the deuce has kept you ?" Jonathan replied, Well, I'll tell You when at home, breakfast was about ready, and I guessed it would be as well to wait for it." "Here now, Jonathan," .,aid his companion, .come you and hold it, and I'll kill the critter in a jiffy." Jonathan seized the bear's paws, and held the animal while the other could kill it Well, Jonathan, have you got hold of him?" I guess I have," replied Jonathan. f Very well, hold him fast; I guess I'll go to dinner."—New York Journal. BROUGHAM IN THE LORDS' HEARING APPEALS."—One moment he is engaged apparently in close attention to the case which is being argued, the next minute he leaves his seat, rushes to the table, and commences covering sheet after sheet of, note paper with startling rapidity, with the most supreme disregard of the learned counsel who is addressing his lordship. Then he walks up and down the House with his arms under the skirts of his frock coat, as though he were taking a stroll for the benefit of his health, and finally concludes with chat- tering to one of the noble lords who happens to be sitting with him, apparently on the state of the weather, or on the appear- ance of the crops. PEEL AND THE PARABLES,—Mr. George Dawson, in a lecture delivered at Birmingham last week, on the public character of the late Sir Robert Peel, made the following application of an old parable A man had two sons, and to one he said Go and the son said he would, but he went not. To the other he sail' Go but the answer was that he should not, and yet ha went. Which of these two was the better son ?" The nation said to Lord John Russell, Go f and he said Oh I go hut he went not (cheers). The nation said to Peel, VGo.' He answered, "I will not; and he went." (cheering). Aiiiiupr INTRODUCTION TO WORDSWORTH.—" Why, you see this wuz the way I eummed to know Wadswuth, the Lakers thus pronounce the Laureate's name, so as I shan't forget'n agsn in a hurry. When I wuz guard of the Whitehaven mail," here he refreshed himself with a blast, five years agone and more, as we wuz a slappin' along, and just coming to a sharpish turn—you knows the earner nigh the bridge, two miles this bide Keswick—what should we see"-here he put the horn to his mouth again for another flourish, but his wife, with screwed-up eyes, snatched it out-" what should we see but s>umthin' uncommon tall and grand, tooling along a little pony bhay, as cool as murder. I give you my word and honour, gentlemen," said he, turning round to us quite impressively, I never had occasion but this once to tune up this blessed harn as a warning, and hang me if I didn't miss it. Oh, Lord, here's a smash,' said I and afore the words wuz out of my mouth, crash went the shay all to smitherins right through a dry wall, and slap went the driver over into a plantation— arms out, and great coat a-flying. We thought for sure 'twas all over with'n bt.t presently he picked himself up uncommon tail again, and says he, I'll have this matter thoroughly in- vestigated.' With this he walked off towards the public. And Bill,' said coachee to I, very dowr) like, for 'twas a bad bit of business, Who de think that is ?' NVell, who be't Jem ?' says I. Why, who but the powit, Wadswuth.' And now gentlemen," said he, turning round, "when you next goes to just by the bridge, about two mile out, you'll see two yards of the wall down to this day, and that's were we '\l'ilt the powi# !-Bentlpy's J.[iscel¡((y. A GENTLE NEWSBAPER HINT.—Brother Jonathan has indeed the faculty of saying very uncivil things in the most amusing manuer possible. Take, for instance, the following hint from the yew York Tribune, that the proprietor will not trust the best subscriber a penny. After stating that payment in all cases is required in advance, he adds— When the term paid for has expired, the paper is stopped so that no man need fear being annoj ed with the bills for papers he never received and did not want." We bungling Britons should have been puzzled to clothe this unceremonious announcement in the gajrb of con- nideration for our readers. YANKEE PERSUASION.—Mr. Crittenden, an American, was engaged in defending a man who had be n indicted for a capital crime. After an elaborate defence, he closed his effort by the fulloii-ilig ztllegoi-y When God in his eternal counsel con- ceived the thought of man's creation, he called to Him the three ministers who wait constantly upon His throne-Justice, Tr t and Mercy; and thus addressed them: 'Shall we makje man ?' Then said Justice. 0 God, make him not, for he wi I trample upon thy laws.' Truth made answer also, P (jud make him not, for lie will pollute thy sanctuaries.' But Mercy dropping upon her knees, and looking up through her tears exclaimed, 0 God, make him I will watch over him with care, through all the dark paths which he may have to tread.' Then God made man, and said to hire, 0 man thou art the cluld of Mercy—go and deal with thy brother.' The jury were affected to tears; and against the evidence, and what must have been their CWo convictions, at once brought in a verdict of Wet G u lty -Mir.-or oj'the Time. THE SELF-IMPOSED TAXATION OF THE "WORKING CLASSES IN MA UNITED KINGDOM.—This is the title of a paper read by Mr. G. R. Porter, last week, before the statistical section of the British Association. The particular instances to which te c ill d anen ion were the consumption of ardent spirits, beer, and tobaccu; the yearly expenditure for which articles, in the Lnired Kingdom, amounts to a sum which must appear perfectly fabulous, until the reasonableness of the result be shown by means of calculations adopted and formed on good authority. The result of Mr. Porter's elaborate calculations was, that the peoole, and chiefly the working classes, of England, Scotland, and Ireland, voluntarily tax themselves, for the enjoyment of only h ee articles, neither of which is of any absolute necessity, to the following amount:- Braiih and Colonial spirits £ 20,810,208 Truly 3,281,250 Total of spirits. £ 24,091,458 Beer of all kinds. exclusive of that brewed in private families £ 25,383,165 To jacco and snuff 7,588,607 £ 57,063,230'
llllllS. ..——
llllllS. —— THE QUEEN has been pleased to appoint Thomas South wood Smith, M.D., to be a member of the General Board of Health. THE DUKE OF CAMBRIDGE is expected to resume the command of the garrison of Dublin in the Ensuing week. LOLA MONTHS lia,d taken for fifteen years a magnificent hotel in Paris, and caused it to be furnished with extraordinary splendour. When paymeni was asked for, she pleaded the ab- ,r,evee of her husband, who had forgotten to leaye the money; and being further pressed, pretendeu that her husband had seat her money but she had lost the key of her cash-box, and begged the creditors to wait whilst she >vent for a locksmith, but neither lady nor locksmith appeared. Madame Lola had flown, with- out saying when she wonld return. THE gossip of the fashionable world tells us that the Mar- quess,of Chandos is on the eve of retrieving the affairs gf 'li .'is house, and establishing it on a richer foundation then ever. How ? By, marriage with the only child of Loyd, LordvOyer- stone, the banker, who is to bring him a fortune of five millions sterling. LORD J. RUSSELL.-We hear that Lord John Russell has taken apartments in Birnam Hotel, near Dunkeld, for a few weeks, during her Majesty's sojourn at Balmoral. The com- munication with Balftioral is by Blairgowrie and Glenshee; about five hours ride.-f-ei-th Courier THE BRITANNIA BltlDGE. -The last lift of the last tube was completed amid much acclamation on Friday and everything is understood to progress so satisfactory as to lead to the conclu- sion that the entire structure will be opened a fortnight earlier then was expected. JENNY LIND AT LIVERPOOL.—The appearance of the Nightingale at Friday evening's concert, according to a local paper, was the signal for a demonstration that beggars descrip- tion. The. audience stood up to welcome her, and such Tol- ley of cheers as rent the air was, peihaps, never before heard within the walls of a theatre or concert room. The salvo was thrice reiterated, and at length the songstress, who seemed almost overcome by the warmth of her reception, was enabled to ob- tain silence, and began to sing Qui la voce," from "Puritani." The audience listened throughout, with rapt attention, and at the end broke out into uncontrollable applause, which did not abate until the gifted vocalists had re-appeared upon the plat- form. The voice of the" Nightingale" is fresh and penetrating, as sweet and flexible, as powerful and mellow as hitherto, while her singing is more than ever unrivalled. It may not be super- fluous to state that Aldife. Lind has vastly improved in good looks. Her long rest has been evidently beneficial. THE NEWXY APPOINTED CARDINAL.—Dr. Wiseman who, for the last two or three years, has officiated as Roman Catholic Bishop of the London district, left town on Friday last en route for Rome to discharge the functions of the office of Cardinal to which he has been recently promoted. The last Englishman who was invested with this dignity was the late Cardinal Weld PUDDY, the master of the Red Rover Bristol steamer, died in the Infirmary on Saturday last—the fifteenth victim of the ex- plosion. Both his legs were fractured, and he was severely scalded but the principal cause of death, it is said, was the violent shock given to his nervous energy, and which so much affected his mind, that he could not be brought to believe that there had been any accident, and laboured under the delusion that he was in the Infirmary for a chill or rheumatism in his legs." 1 A BOILER exploded in the mill of Messrs, Lees and Mills at Oldham, on Monday week, causing the death of one man and severely scalding two others. One of two boilers wag under-, going a slight repair, under the direction of Mr. Fox, a boiler- maker as he was passing through the boiler-house, the "flue-tube" of the boiler which was in work gave way, the water rushed into the fire, there was an explosion, with a great escape 01 steam, and Mr. Fox was scalded to such a degree that he died next day. Two brothers, sons of Mr. Wilkinson, a grocer at Leicester, have been drowned while bathing in the river near the town. Some men at work on a railway-bridge noticed a great splashing and struggling, but thought the brothers were merely at play. MRS. JUGGINGS, the landlady of the Wheat Sheaf at Sunder- land, has died of hydrophobia, the consequence of a bite in the hand inflicted by a cat some four qr five months before the malady appeared. THE fetaals servant of a farmer at Pantglas in Wales has died from wounds inflicted by a bull, which attacked her as she was passing through a field. AN Irishman, a woman, and two children, have died at Wisbech Fen, near Thorney, after eating a quantity of fungous plant which had been gathered in the fields for n ushrooms. AN accident from a very strange cause has happened to the Shandon steamer while on her voyage from the west end of the Crinan Canal to Oban. When navigating the narrow straits which separate Easdale from Sea Island, a lady's dress became entangled with the chain which moves the rudder. From this trifling cause, which partially tore the lady's gown from her person, the steamer was driven out of her course, and before the engines could be reversed, she struck upon a sunken rock The vessel remained hooked on the rock, rolling violently from side to side. Several boats were within hail, and a number of the passengers were taken out of the steamer. Thus lightened the vessel was got off the rock, and it was found that she made little water so the people were taken on board again, and all safely landed at Oban. Lord Gough was among the passengers, and feit himself called upon to censure certain "valiant-looking men, with a large breadth of moustache," who were by no means willing to allow woman and children to have precedence in leaving the steamer in the boats. EXTENSIVE FIRE AT CLERKENWELL.—On Saturday afternoon a fire, attended with a considerable destruction pf property broke out in the extensive range of premises belonging to Messrs. Johnson and Pask, builders and contractors, situated in Baker- street, Bagnigge Wells-road. The premises were burned out, and nearly a dozen houses in Granville-square partially des- troyed. FALLING FRQM THE CLIFF AT HASTINGS.—On the 29th ult., a young female named Agusta Mooney, fell from the cliff to the beach, by which she received more than one fracture and other injuries, but is recovering. The local papers publish her oWn account of the manner in which the accident occurred, in whicl she says :I placed my hand on the stone, to look over-i 1 gave way. Finding myself falling, I turned on my side addi slid down until I came to a mound of either stone or earth* covered with grass this turned me over and I lost my recollec- tion,' THE EXECUTION OF WILLIAM Ross.—On Saturday the last sentence of the law was inflicted in front of York Castle, upon William Ross, found guilty of murdering his wife. Sir George Grey granted a week's respite to test the statements respecting the innocence of Ross. The investigation was conducted before the three committing magistrates. On Friday a communication was received from Sir George Grey, that the law must take its course; and it would, therefore, appear that the evidence was not considered of sufficient force to set aside the verdict. Ross was painfully affected by the news on Saturday he became greatly debilitated from diarrhoea, and had a repitition of epilep- tic fits with which he has been visited since his conviction. Up to the last few moments of his life he declared his innocence to the Ordinary. THE DUCHESS OF KENT AT BLAIR. CASTLE.-For the due re- ception of her Royal Highness, the Duke of Atholl called out the Athpll Royal Guard, consisting of about 150 picked men, the flower of Atholl and the banks of the Garry. These were drawn up in the park in front of the Castle, and about six o'clock the royal party entered, under a salute of 21 guns from the castle, the guard presenting arms. The Duke and Duchess of Atholl, accom- panied by tho young Marquis ofTullibardine, the Earl of Shannon, and other distinguished visitors, received her royal highness in front of the castle in the midst of this truly Highland welcome. Tuesday was devoted to a drive up Glen Tilt, and a few deer wpre killed to show her royal highness the sport, and the extent of the game. Wednesday the banks of the Garry were to be visited from the Falls at the meuth of Glenlochky (the Queen's favourite drive), to the pass of Killiecrankie. The royal visit was ex- pected to continue till Thursday, the party then to proceed to the Deeside by Glenshee, not as has been stated, by returning to Dun- keld, but crossing by Kirkmichael to theSpittal. The more dir- route is by the well-known Glen Tilt, but it is not accessible to carriages. MR. GEORGE HUDSON .-It is currently stated that Mr. Hud- son is purchasing largp landed estates in Ireland. THE Peel Monument" at Ileywood, Bury, will be public baths. A sensible memorial. THE REV. DR. SCORESBY, in a paper read before the British Association, stated that the highest crest of a wave above the Irqgh of the sea, in a series of Atlantic observations, was found to be 45 feet.
THE CAMBRIAN LI LEKAKY SOCIETY.…
THE CAMBRIAN LI LEKAKY SOCIETY. On Friday the 9th instant, the half-yearly meeting of this Society was held at their Rooms, 112, Aldersgate-street, London, to receive the report of the committe for the past six months. The Chairman having briefly stated the object of the meet- ing, said that in consequence of ,the discussion on the question of Education having been taen up with so much interest by ,the members generally, the committee had thought it wiser to postpone introducing the Report till that question had been disposed with that being now attained, he ;would not detain the meeting with any remarks of his own, but call at once upon Mr. Edward Evans, the secretary, to read the REPORT. LADIES AND -In laying before you a brief summary of the proceedings of the Society for the past six months, your committee do so with unfeigned satisfaction. Its present aspect, in their opinion, presenting matter for con- gratulation, full of promise and bespeaking success. It is true they have not now to point your attention to a finished structure of unrivalled grandeur, but simply to a building in course qf erection—substantial they believe, but not perfect, to be anticipated, not yet realized. Or rather, it more nearly resembles the undeveloped inspiration of the painter, musician, or poet, struggling to burst the fetters of its prison home-to escape from the land of ideality and claim for itself an existence in the material world, where in time it is destined to make itself seen, heard, and felt, by the com- munity at large. And as such, your committee, in recurring at present to the affairs of this society, which has engaged so much of their attention, and engrossed with so much solici- tude their untiring application towards the promotion of its welfare, do so with those feelings of awakening regard that prompt to more strenous efforts in its behalf, being assured that yet a little while and the Cambrian Literary Society will occupy an elevated position and command an extensive in- fluence, such as its warmest patrons at present can scarcely dare anticipate. The progress already made, being in their opinion but the foreshadowing approach of a yet more glorious future. Foremost among the operations of the society are the Lectures delivered during the past six months, and to the intrinsic worth of which, and their usefulness, your committee have only to recall the subjects themselves in connexion with the names of the gentlemen who treated them, to show that in this respect our infant society has been second to none even in this great metropolis. LIST OF LECTURES. On the Stream of Literature, by the Rev. Robert Jones3 B. A. On the History and Progress of the English Language, by M. Penry, Esq. On Druidism and the early Religions of England, by the Rev. P. B. Power, M, A. On the Cultivation^ of the Senses, by W. Samuel, Esq., B, A. Two, on Geology,! by Professor Harman H. Lewis, M. A. On the Services rendered by the Medical Profession to Literature, by W. H. Willshire, Esq., M.D., F. L. S. Two, on the Elements of Chemistry, by H. Lewis, Esq Junr. On the Duties Welsh- men owe to their country, by the Rev. J. Mills, On the Teaching of History, by G. R. Emerson, Esq. On the Struc- ture, Habits, and Instincts of Animals useful to Man, by J. Searle, Esq. On the Interpretation of the Book of Nature, by. T. Wharton Jones, Esq., T. R. S., F. R. C. S. On the Poetry of Sir Walter Scott, with an Analysis of Marmion," by Charles Wilton, Esq. Two, on Phrenology, by P. Jor.es, Esq. Two, on Astronomy, by R. Williams, Esq. On the Mental Requisites for the Pursuits of Truth, by the Rev, T. W. Jenkyn, D.D., T. G. Ss On the Influence of Motive and Principle on the State, Conduct, and Future Destiny of Man, by R. Spaull, Esq. Before quitting the subject of the lectures, your committee have to remark (and they do so with much pleasure) that in all cases the lectures were given gratuitously by those eminent gentlemen they cannot, therefore, do otherwise than express their most cordial thanks for their praiseworthy exertions and philantrophic spirit, confident that this sentiment will be echoed by every individual member of the society. Your committee beg also to remind members that acting on the Divine precept, Freely ye have received, ireely give," So have all these valuable lectures, been open and free for members to introduce their friends. Next to the lectures in importance as a means of collective instruction, and first as regards mutual improvements are the discussion classes. The interest arising from these classes have, in many in- stances, adjourned the discussion of the same question to n.any successive evenings, particularly the questions of "Reason and Instinct," "Do Animals possess Mind or not Is it de- sirable that Government should adopt a system of Secular Education for England and Wales," &c., &c. And with how much skill many other important subjects have been treated, to the credit of the disputants, as well as to the advantage of the members generally, it will be in the recollection of many to tell. And towards these discussions your committee brg to invite the attention of members, more particularly during the present season, following the example of all Literary Societies they also have dispensed with the lectures for the summer season, so that from this to the 1st of October, the discussion class only will be continued. Meanwhile members may rest assured of the committee providing a superior course of lectures for the ensuing season, a few arrangements having been already entered into, of which due notice will be given. Your committee have further to state that the different classes-music, mathematics, grammar, & now adjourned for the summer season, will be re-opened, when the lectures are resumed. And they beg to urge a word in favour of such classes—they being the principal and almost only means of repairing a defective education, or of strengthening and deep- ening the impressions of educational studies, which all admit and many deplore, are but too soon effaced from the memory after quitting the school and mingling with the busy world. Your committee are sensible of the utility and importance of these classes in connexion with every Literary Society, but in none, perhaps, is more energy requisite, in order to preserve their vitality, than in the one they have the honour to re- present; and, therefore, while they give the subject due pro- minence in their report, your committee pledge themselves to render all the aid in their power to revivify them, depending upon the co-operation and support of the members and friends to carry out their purpose. The Reading-rooms, your committee are happy to report is so well attended, as to afford evidence both of the increasing desire for knowledge exhibited by the members, as of the use- fulness of the institution in thus providing for their intellectual wants. The newspapers are numerous, comprising, in addition to the leading London daily and weekly papers, The Cambrian, The Carnarvon and Denbigh Herald, The Principality, The Wehsh- man, Yr Amscran, Y Cymro, &c., &c. Among the periodicals may be found The Quarterly and Eclectic Bevieto, Y Traethodydd, Chamber's Journal, Y Drysorfa, Y Dysgedydd, Yr Euryrawn, Yr Haul, Y Seren Gomer, &c., &c. The library, though still in a backward state, your com- mittee are happy to be able to report that something has been done towards its formation, and to acknowledge, with feelings of gratitude, the presentation of several valuable works by unknown friends, whose example they trust will be followed up by further contributions, so that the members shall not long have to complain of this serious want. The financial state of the society is not such as to enable your committee at present to extend its usesulness or improve its working. The society, as yet, has obtruded but little upon the public. It has not raised, nor caused its voice to be heard I' in the streets yet they have to congratulate the society upon having received the warm support and patronage of some of our highest nobility and gentlemen of high standing and attain- ments, and confidently believing that if the objects of the society be carried out with spirit by the members themselves, the many benefits resulting from its operations will, ere long, enlist in its favour the sympathies of every patriotic Welsh- man. They would wish to impress on the members the ne- cessity of their exerting themselves in behalf of the society among their friends and in touching this point your com- mittee feel themselves bound to express their heartfelt obliga- tions to all those members-and most particularly the ladies- who have so constantly supported the society by their presence, and, who, by their sympathy, expressed and un erstood, have encouraged them in their labour, to which, perhaps, as much as anything, the society owes its present position. It is the soul of humanity, and calls forth its kindlier affections—it is the bond of union, and the guarantee of stability, and from this, in addition to the varied means of communicating know- ledge, presented by the society, your committee are sanguine in their expectations (Hyperion, perhaps, some may deem them) that the progress of the past affords no just criterion by which to judge of the rapid speed-force of the future—the de- sire once implanted will restlessly work its way—the spirit once awakened will sleep no more—the soul aroused is as a giant refreshed, defying obstacles and difficulties, it will urge its course onward—the influence of mind upon mind extends in every direction, and, unlike the gyrations upon the water which weakens while they widen, thoughts spread, and strengthen as they spread. If tnis be true, as your committer believe it to be, and daily experience tends to confirm such be- lief; they see everything in the spirit of the members to justify them in applying.these remarks to our own society and predict- ing its rising greatness from the stirring spirit of individual en- quiry, which is so jclearly apparent, and generally prevalent, lind which, in tlie opinion'ot your committee, cannot fail to end in consequent elevation and ultimate success. The report, which was listened to throughout with deep interest, was greeted at its close with loud applause; and upon a resolution having been moved and seconded that it be re- ceived, and inserted in the leading Nor.th au4 South Wales' papers, it was carried unanimously, The thanks of the society having been presented to the .■different o^-ers for their past services, the Chairman announced that the question to be brought forward for discussion at their next meeting, was to be "The 'Xheatre-its gdyaiitages and disadvantages," to be opened by Mr. Evans, The meeting was then adjourned to Friday, the th inst. IK. J
THE COPPER WOgKS AT SWANSEA.
THE COPPER WOgKS AT SWANSEA. The machinery, moved by steam-power, is ponderous and gigantic. In construction it is similar to that used in the roiling mills at the iron-works and the method of working is nearly the same as that by which sheet-iron is produced. They were making sheet-copper when I entered the rolling- house. For this purpose the cake of copper is heated to a proper degree in an ff annealing ttii-iiace," and it is then passed through successive pairs of rollers, until it is distended to the required size. When reduced in this manner to the prescribed thickness, the sheet is next presented to a large shears, by which the shruff, or uneven edges, are cut off. The appearance of the copper at this time is of a glossy black, the sheet seeming to have been black-leaded. This is the result of oxidation of the metal. Men and boys perform all the work at the rolling-mills. The rollermen earn about 1: 1 a week, Occasionally, by working overtime," they mak,3 eight f* stems" a week, which brings them 25s. Boys at the rolls" earn on an average 6s, a week They roll here copper plates for boilers, weighing, sometimes, as much as 17 cwts. the finished plate. The next process of manufacturing is called 'f picking." The object here is to cleanse and brighten the copper by removing the coat of oxide which covers it. For this purpose the sheet of copper is dipped in uric acid, then placed in a wide-mouthed furnace, and heated red-hot. It is then taken out, and the pickler" plunges it, with a dexterous side-jerk of the arm, edgeways into a cistern of cold water, which it enters with a loud snarl. The effect is magical. The black scale of oxide disappears, and the sheet comes out of the trough a clear, bright, and true copper colour. It is now ready for shearing and use. The sheets are next piled together, counted, weighed, and screwed down between boards, for market purposes. In a 'notl-ier department I saw the process of making pans and" bottoms," as they are called, for brewers' furnaces and other uses. The copper is beaten out and roun- ded by means of one of Nasmyth's steam-hammers. I was told that they once made under this hammer a circular "llOttom" for a brewer's vat, which was not less than 10 ft. 3 in. in diameter. Here ends what I saw of the interesting process of smelting and manufacturing copper. The general appearance of the workmen is not favourable, though they are undoubtedly well fed, well clothed, and well housed. Their countenances are sallow, and their persons desiccated, wiry, and thin. Breathing an air largely impreg- nated with arsenic and sulphur, it could scarcely be otherwise, Nevertheless, many of them live to a considerable age, proving the aptitudje of the human body to accommodate itself to the circumstances Which surround and affect it, even though these circumstances are in general prejudicial to life. Habit steels the constitution, and, like Mithridates, They feed on poisons, and they live on such." I am told that men coming from a distance, and taking em- ployment at the copper,works, acclimatise or die within a very few months. They brought to me at these works some old men, whose statements, when they were called on to speak of their health, were as follows :—" I am 67 years of age," said the first, and I have been 40 years engaged in the copper- works. In that time I have been through every stage of the business, from a calciner man upwards; my health has been always pretty good," Another workman said—" I came here before I was 20 years of age, and am now 59. I work every day about 10 hours. My health is now as good as ever it was. The general health of the men is pretty middling." There is within the same curtilage as the Hafod Works, a "silver mill," also the property of the Messrs. Vivian. Great secrecy is observed with respect to this establishment for the manufacture of silver. I was not aware that any such existed when I visited those works; but I have since repeatedly heard it spoken of with allusions to the jealousy with which its pre- cincts are guarded, and its proceedings shrouded in mystery. The copper ores frequently contain a large per centage of silver. I was informed that a German chemist is here employed for the extraction of the silver from the copper ore. At the request of Mr. H. Vivian, I here insert some remarks which he laid before me upon the several processes of copper smeldng-works, as practised in South Wales A stranger, on leaving a copper smelting-works, even though he may happen to be practically or scientifically qualified to judge of metallurgical operations, would in most cases have a vague feeling of confusion in his mind, arising from the num- ber of processes which he has witnessed, and an impression that these processes might be materially shortened, and that with great economy. The former of these impressions would be correct, for probably no metallurgical processes exist better ul, calculated to effect the end in view—viz.: the obtaining the largest proportion of the copper contained ir. the ore nor are there perhaps, any processes based on more accurate practical aii-I scientific results. In confirmation of this assertion, two rather singular facts may be cited-I. That the processes em- ployed on the Continent are in all essentials identically the same, although different furnaces, suited to the different fuel, are used, and it may be considered as almost certain, that no intercourse existed between the smelting establishments of this country and the Continent at the very remote period from which both date and-2. Although frequent attempts have been made to alter the process, still no material change has taken. place in its principles, while great economy has been intro- duced in the practical working—so great, that upwards of £20 per ton more is given now for the copper in the ore, as com- pared to the value of copper, than at the commencement of the present century. The reason of this may be simply stated to be, that each part of the process has its particular" end, and ceed to describe shortly the process of copper-smelting, which cannot bedispensed with without loss of produce. I will now pro- may be characterised rather as a separation of the extraneous matter from the copper than of the copper from the impurities present in the ore. The largest proportion, probably 9-10ths of the copper ore found in the world, consist of the dov.ble sulphuret of copper and iron, mixed usually with a considera- ble quantity of iron pyrites. The produce of the English copper ores may be taken at rather more than eight per cent., and that of those foreign ores which are sufficiently rich to bear the cost of transit, &c., from 15 to 25, In treating this subject I shall exclude the Burra Burra ore, which, being a carbonate, requires a very simple process of reduction, while it forms an immaterial portion of the whole, and may be re- garded rather as an exception. From the above data, and the relative quantities of British and foreign ores, we shall perhaps not be very wide of the truth if we state the average produce of ore smelted in the Swansea establishments are from 10 to 12 per cent. Its constituent parts may be assumed roughly to be as follows :-10 per cent. copper, 33 per cent. imn, 22 per cent. sulphur, and 35 per cent. earthy matter. The processes may be arranged in four classes—.viz. a calcination and melt- ing, having fur their object the getting rid of the earthy matter, together with such a portion of the iron freed from'sulphur and oxidized by calcination as will combine with and, fuse the earthy matters in such a manner as to produce a clean slag. The product of these two processes is almost one-third part regulus, or sulphuret of copper, and of iron about 33 per cent. and two-thirds of slag, which, when examined, is thrown away. The next class is a calcination and melting simihlr to the first, their object being the getting rid of all metallic mat- ter other than copper, contained in the product of the first process, which is effected by calcining the regulus to such art extent as to drive off the whole sulphur combined with iron, and oxidize the latter, rendering it thereby readily fusible, while sufficient sulphur is left to combine with and protect the copper from oxidation and consequent slagging. The product of this process is a pure sulphuret of copper of 70 per cent., and it will be seen that only one-third part of the original bulk of the ore comes to this process, while only one-seventh leave* it for the next, which-the 3rd class—is termed a roasting pro- cess, whereby, in a short period, very large masses of sulphuret of copper are derived of their sulphur, and coarse copper of 95 per cent, is obtained. So great is the simplicity of this, process, that above 1,000 tons of copper are deprived of their sulphur in one furnace each year. The fourth and. last class is the refining process, in which the coarse copper of the former process is brought to a marketable state by a further roasting,