The Glamorgan Monmouth and Brecon Gazette and Merthyr Guardian

FASHION AND LITERATURE. The Duke of Brunswick arrived in town on Monday night from the continent. His Serene Highness paid a visit on Tuesday afternoon to the King and Queen at the palace at St. James's. In the evening the Duke dined with their Majesties. The Duke of Cumberland, the Duke of Sussex, the Duke of Gloucester, the Hanove- rian Minister, Lord and Lady Frederick Fitzclarence. Lord Adolphus Fitzclarence, (Lord in waiting) Lady Sydney, the Treasurer of tlfe Household, the Master of the Household, Colonel Horace Seymour, (Equery) and Rev. Dr. Kuper, were among the party to meet his Se- rene Highness.

MISCELLANEOUS GLEANINGST 0. INTENSE FLAME.—In the flame of the compound gas blow pipe we perceive a power almost irresistible. The late Dr. Clarke, of Cambridge, informed me he had, ill one experiment, no less than one ounce of platinum ill a state of perfect fusion in it. With it I succeeded in fusing the diamond, which seemed to be as completely liquid as a globule of oil when acted on by a minute stream of air, and the jet of flame seemed actually to impress the fused portion of the diamond. With this powerful though dangerous apparatus I also melted two emeralds into one limpid mass. The flame, in this rn- strument, however, is probably solid, from the close contact of the inflammable matter, and the supporter of combustion. The light produced when this com- pound flame is forced to play on calcined lime or mag- nesia, is exceedingly dazzling, indeed altogether over- powering, by its splendour. The principle has been made subservient to a most valuable purpose, namely- the measurement of the base of the triangle in the grand trigonometrical survey of the British Isles. Lieutenant Drummond, I believe, first suggested this application of this intense light, obtained from chemical means. In hi* experiments made in the Tower of London, a ball of calcined lime, surrounded on all sides with minute jets of the flame of alcohol, was propelled on the central ball of quicklime, by oxygen, as so many radii con- verging towards a centre. An officer of the Royal Engineers informed me that this light was seen from one of the mountains of Morne.^r) Ireland, at a distance of not less than sixty miles! ;*For the light house, and night telegraphic signals, this light seems pre-eminently well calculated—the intelligence might have reference to its periodic duration and repetitior),-Muri-ay on Flame and Safety Lamps. THE APPLE, A PARABLE.—There was a rich man at the Court of King Herod, who was his High Chamber- lain, and clothed himself in purple and fine linen, and lived all his days nobly and in gladness. There came to him out of a far country the friend of his youth, whom for many years he had not seen. And the Chamberlain appointed for his honour a great feast, and invited all his friends. On the table were many rich viands in gold and silver, and many costly vessels with wine and oint- ments of every kind. And the rich man sat at the head of the table, and was cheerful, and at his right hand sat his friend, journeyed from the distant country. And they ate and drank, and were filled. Then said the man from the far country to the Chamberlain of King Herod—" Such magnificence and pomp as are in this house never saw I in my own country, far and near. And he praised such pomp, ..nd held its possessor as the most happy of all men on the earth. But the rich man, the Chamberlain of the King, took an apple from a golden dish; and the apple was large and beautiful, and red without as purple. And he took the apple, and said- "See, this apple is placed in gold, and its outside is very beautiful," and he gave it to the stranger and the friend of hi3 youth. And the stranger eat the apple, and be- hold-there was a worm in its core and the stranger looked at the Chamberlain. But the Chamberlain cast his eyes to the earth and sighed,-Front the German of Krummacher. EDUCATION.—On this subject, as on most others, strange notions have been entertained in the world:- that nothing in a mind is better than any thing; or, that if something must be there, that something is better supplied by chance than by design, as if fortune were wisdom's surest guide. But nothing" will not keep its hold in any mind. Be it as it may with space, nature endures no vacuum in minds. The mind is a field in which so sure as man sows not wheat, so sure will the devil be to sow tares. Another strange notion, if an- other it may be termed, which has been entertained- as if there were a repugnancy between morality and letters, as if the health of the affections and moral facul- ties depended in this rank of life more than any other upon a morbid state of the intellectual—letters it has been said may be an instrument of fraud: so may bread, if discharged from the mouth of a cannon, be an instru- ment of death. -Bentha)n. SENSE OF DISCIPLINE.—An anecdote related by one of Baird's companions will serve to illustrate his early sense of discipline. At Mr. Locie's academy at Chelsea, as is now the case at Sandhurst, the pupils were sub- jected to all the routine of military service. One even- ing, when young Baird was on duty as sentry, one of his companions, considerably his senior, wished to get out, in order to fulfil some engagement he had made, in London, and tried to persuade Baird, over whom he was conscious he had great influence, to permit him to pass. No," said the gallant boy, that I cannot do, but if you please you may knock me down and walk out over my body." Anotherinstance of a similar determination to let nothing interfere with duty, occurred soon after he joined his regiment at Gibraltar. One evening, when he was on guard, having dined with some of his brother officers, they resolved to detain him with them, and locked the door of the room to prevent his visiting his sentries at the usual time. Baird found remonstrance in vain; but fixed in his resolution, he sprang to the window which overhung the rampart, and with an agility and dexterity for which he was always remark- able, threw himself out, escaped unhurt, and was at his post at the very minute appointed SNUFFING CANDLBS.—When the wick of the candle i* permitted to gain an unusual length, the expenditure of the inflammable material is so great as to be a consider- ation of some moment to the economist; besides, it does not yield a proportional degree of light; on the con- trary,the light is diminished by the excess of the inflam- mahle matter being more than can undergo a perfect combustion; fuliginous matter consequently interferes, and reduces its amount of illuminatioa. INSTINCT IN A DONKEY. Monday, at Hatton-garden Police-office, John Walker and James Morris were charged with being concerned in stealing donkey from a field.—James Williams, of North road, Islington, stated that he saw the prisoners lurking about the field where the animal was grazing, when MorriO went into 'he field and drove it out, beating it with ft large stick. On get in:; it into the road the donkey turned in the direction of his master's cottage, when both prisoners tried to throw a halter round its neck, but every time they did so jack turned round towards them and reared his hindmost legs, kicked at them desperately brayed, and afterwards ran with great speed, until he arrived at his master's residence. Witness, suspecting their object to be to steal the donkey wot wouldn't go," took them into custody.—Morris was committed to prison and hard labour for a month, and Walker was ordered to find bail, with an in'imation that they might thank the sagacity of the ass that they were not sent to New- gate for trial.

OXFORD, April 30.—In a full convocation holden this day, petitions to both Houses of Parlia- ment, against "A Bill to alter and amend the Laws relating to the Temporalities of the Church in Ire- land," were unanimously agreed to.

FUNERAL OF THE EARL OF CARNARVON. The remains of this lamented nobleman arrived at his lordship's seat at Highclere, on Friday last. The body lay in state, :n the entrance hall, until the fol- lowing day, when the (ullcral took place at three o'clock in ihe afternoon. The funeral procession consisted of four mourning coaches, in which were the Hon. Ldward Pagtt, •— Pusey, Esq.i the Rev. J. Stapleton, ISarl of Tyrconnell, Sir Thomas Acland, Ac. &c- Six private carriages, 60 of his lordship s tenantry on horseback, and 30 of the domestics. The pall-bearers were Sir John Pollen, Sir James Fellowes, Colonal Page, Dr. Shepherd, Mr. Arbuth- not, the Rev. Mr. Ashworth, Mr. Calvert, and Mr. Hempstead. The funeral service was read in a very impressive manner by the Rev. Mr. Barton. The body was in. terred in his lordship's family vault at Berclere. The whole of the funeral arrangements were under the direction of Mr. French, of Edwaid-street, Port. man-square, and were conducted in a manner that did him great credit.

VINE YAIIDS.~Von MeyeTlf ky, a landowner at Pesth, in Hanpary, is completing a vineyard in that vici- nity, which will probably be the largest ever known in Europe. Its superficial atea is nearly four hundred acres, and its produce, even in moderately favourable seasons, will not be short of five and twenty thousand aulms, or 375,000 English gallons As a receptacle for this produce, the grower is erecting a cellar sufficiently spacious to receive double the quantity, which is equal to some nine months' consumption of Irish spirit by English throats. Mey- erffky's brother, too, is by no means a small dealer in this branch of the liquor trade for he is on the eve of starting a rival to the famous sire of Heidelberg; videlicet, a tun made entirely of marble, and capable of containing 63,000 gal)ODI--(Vionna, April 5.)

THE WELSH CLERGY. The following article is taken from that ably conducted publication the British Magazine, for the present month. Napoleon was very angry that the English did not know when they were beaten. Had he been in the House of Lords, his anger would have known no bounds against the Marquess of Westminster and Lord King. No per- sons were ever more entirely beaten, and no persons ever seemed to know it less. Let us see how the case stands. Lord Westminster and Lord R. Grosvenor present petitions, complaining that clergy who do not know Wetsh are presented to Welsh livings—that there is a great deal of non-residence—that in some districts there are no in- cumbents at all,&c., insinuating that the bishops givethese livings to their own English friends, who do not reside, and pay their poor Welsh curates very ill Now, as to ignorance of Welsh, and English holding livings, the Bishop of Bangor states, that only three Englishmen hold livings in all his diocess, and each of these was strictly examined as to his knowledge of Welsh before he took possession. The Bishop of St. Asaph says, that he has never given anything to any relation of his own, or to any Englishman and that in nearly every instance he had given his benefices to Welsh curates,-in one case to his Welsh chaplain. and in another to a most exem- plary Welshman, long the respected chaplain of St. George's Hospital. Yet none of the charges have been answered, says Lords Westminster and King. Napoleon would, indeed, have been very angry with their lordships. Then as to non-residence, there are 125 persons, hold- ing various kinds of preferment in the diocess of Bangor, of whom the bishop says, that all but five are actually resident in the diocess four of these five holding bene- fices worth next to nothing. Yet none of these charges, say Lords Westminster and King, have been answered What can be the noble lords' notion of an answer? Air. Arthur James Johnes, too, writes two letters to the editor of the Morning Chronicle, asserting that these petitions (which, it would appear originated with him) have received no answer. If Mr. Johnes is deter- mined perpetually to obtrude himself before the public, he must take the consequences. They will not be very serviceable to his character. Let us see what Mr. Johnes says. In the first edition of his book he stated that Christ Church, Oxford, de- rived 4,0001. a year from the tithes of a particular parish in Wales. The fact is, that the tithes produce only 2,5001. a year; of this Christ Church receives only 5001. Air. Johnes found out his error, and corrected, in the se- cond edition, 4,0001. into 2,5001- The bishop of St. Asaph, in the House of Lords, having stated that Mr. J. represented the value as 4,0001. (re'ylng on a statement sent to him by a Welsh clergyman), 'Mr. Johnes writes a most insidious insinuating letter to the newspaper, ac- cusing the bishop of disingenuousness for saying that he represented these tithes as worth 4,0001. when in three places he spoke of them as only 2,5001. But Mr. Johnes forgets altogether to notice the small fact, that he did represent them as worth 4,000/. in his first edition. Will this be serviceable to Mr. Johnes's cha- racter ? He forgets, too, the other small fact, that Christ Church receives only 5001. from them. Will this be serviceable to Mr. Johnes's character ? Mr. Johnes dwells on the dreadful evils of the clergy not knowing Welsh. The Bishop of Bangor says, there is not one in his diocess; the Bishop of St. Asaph says, that he has never given preferment to a single Englishman. And Mr. Johnes then alleges two cases where, if his statement be true, the clergy do not know Welsh. So on two cases out of two diocesses, these serious allegations are built. Will this be terviceable to Mr Johnes's character ? He goes over again the case of Archdeacon Jones, which was discussed in this Magasiue. Did any reader think the statements there made (see vol. ii, pp. 201 and 480) serviceable to Mr. J oh nes'* character ? There is another small device of Blr. Johnes's which deserves notice. The reader is of course aware that half the livings in England are vicarages, or perpetual cu. racies, the great tithes going either to laymen, corpora- tions, or clerical bodies, sole or corporate. Now, wherever they belong to the clergy, though the clerical benefice is a vicarage, or a perpetual curacy, and the vicar is resident, and the rector could n t interfere by law, Mr. Johnes is pleased constantly to represent the rector as a delinquent, absentee, and non-resident, and wholly to overlook the small fact that the clerical incum- bent, established by law, is resident. Will this be ser- viceable to Mr. Johnes's character? For example— Llanv iir, in Denbighshire, belongs to a clerical corpora- tion, and is a perpetual curacy. Mr. Johnes represents this as one of the livings in the hands of persons who are ubsentees" from the principality. Yet he knew the fact that the curate was a perpetual cur ate, i. e., that the curate was the incumbent, as he mentions his being partly paid out of Queen's Anne's bounty. Is this creditable to Mr. Johnes's character? Heullan is an- nexed to the deanery of St. Asaph, yet the dean is re- presented as one of the absentees. Mr. Johnes's state- ments of value of Heullan, &c., are wholly omitted, tor the reader by turning to the March number of this Ma- gazine, will find two clergymen there stating that he has doubled their incomes, besides giving one of them two livings, neither of which he has. Is this creditable to Mr. Johnes's character ? Next, from a very valuable letter in the English Chro- nicle of April 6. it appears that in a list of nineteen pa- rishes from Mr. Johnes's essay, on which he states the in. cmbent to be non-resident, eleven, to the writer's ser- tain knowledge, are constantly resident, and he is nearly certain that the rest are so. The fact is, that r 6u6 Par'8^e8 are of the description above, and that Air. Johnes s small device was applicable to them. That, no doubt, is also peculiarly creditable to Mr. Johnes s character. The letter then notices a list of five parishes of which the dean of St. Asaph would appear so be the in- cumbent. But the fact is. that it is with these as with those noticed above part of the great tithes belong to the deanery, and in each case, the clergyman having the CUI e oj souls by law, resides. The dean's brother is re- presented as having four parishes the fact being, that he resides in one, and that of the other three, two are si- necure rectories, where the vicar resides, and the third has no cure of souls, "It may be worth," says the letter writer, half as much as Mr. Johnes makes it. which is a pretty fair allowance for all his statements in this respect." All this, no doubt, Mr. Johnes will here- after find eminently serviceable to his character, and will induce persons to listen to all he may say with peculiar confidence, and without the least misgiving. We mustxeturn for a moment to the Factory Bill. The address for the issuing ot a commission, it will be remembered, was agreed to on the 3d instant, and it must also be remembered that a promise of great urgency and despatch was made by Lord Althorp, upon the occa. sion when the comntission was agreed to; the reason assigned for this urgency and despatch being the necessity of having the question settled in the course of the present session. How far Lord Althorp's engagement has been observed—what chance there is of the question being disposed of in the course of the present session, may be known by the fact, that the commissioners did not leave town until the 24th, thus consuming three weeks in abso- lute idleness. We do not believe that either indolence, or the desire to enhance salary, was the motive for this de- lay-a delay which, let it be remembered, protracts for at least three weeks thehorrorsof ibefactory system, continues the sufferings and deaths of thousands of infant children, for at least that period, and threatens to postpone the remedy for these horrors and sufferings to another year. The real motive for the delay we believe to have been the obtaining time to leceive the orders of the mill owners, as to the instructions to the commissioners. These instruc- tions have not been yet been laid before the House of Commons; though, if we are not misinformed, they have been for some time in the hands of the factory masters. Meanwhile, the factory labourers, who are too much interested not to be acute and vigilant, in observing what goes forward, have abandoned all hope of relief from the reiorined House of Commons. They have ac- cordingly prepared petitions to the throne, and placed them in the hands of the following Prelates and Peers From Keighley, Halifax, Leicester, Dewsbury, Bolton le Moors, Manchester, Preston, Glasgow—Archbishop 0f Canterbury. From Chorley, Oldham, Ashton under Lyne, Chorlton on Medlock—Lord Kenyon: From Bradford, Wigati, Holmfirtb, Netherthong, Thornton, Leeds—Duke of Newcastle. From Bury, in Lancashire, Faxton-Bfsliop of Durham. From RuAdetsficid-JEarl of H are wood. m^Sta n dard.

FROM FRIDAY'S LONDON GAZETTE- DECLARATIONS OF INSOLVENCY. April 24-J. C. Pelliam, Shad Thames, Hotselydown, whar- finger April'JO—3. Coleman, Tottenham,nurseywoman. BANKRUPTCIES ANNULLED. D. Greenlay, j un, Uoawetl street, victualler. \V. Lauce, Lewisham, Kent, victualler. BANKRUPTS. J. Crawley, Oxford st-cet, litiendraper. V. Arber. Horseferry road, buiMer, H Newall, St Jehu's wood terrace, Portland town, jeweller* J S,D gaud, Goswell street roa<l, jeweller. J. B. Courtliope, Regent.gtreet, painter. J. Gilbert, Colnbrook, Bucks, farmer. rt Welts street. Hackney road, wholesale jeweller* H.Newark audi. TOJUS, Wood street, Ctiejpside, RIBAND manufacturers. DIVIDENDS. May 17, W, Lusliington, jun. late of Mark lane, merchant- May •!(), J. Harris. Leicester square, carpet warehouseman-Msy 21. J. and W. B. Meyer, late af Winchester house. Otd Broad street, merchaiits- Nliiy 15. E. Elwell, Wesibroinwich, Stafford- shire, iionfoutider-illay 17, J. Hirst, Leeds, corn factor-ifty 20, G. A. Whale, Booking, Ksgex, Innkeeper. CERTIFIC4TES—MAT 17. H. and C. Battelsby, Hindley, Lancashire, cotton spinnerS- T. and T. H. Ingram, Lower Thames street, fish factors—J. C-tnllf Broad street, Bloomsbury square, eating housekeeper—J. Cot.en, Lower Quay, Dublin, and Bury street, St. Mary a*e< wholesale jeweller—S. R, Fagg, St- Andrew's bill, Doctor* commons, bit ilder-11 George, Parker street, Drury lane. coach maker-S. Hobday, Aston, near Birmingham, umbrella furid" ture manufacturer.

FROM TUESDAY'S LONDON GAZETTE- INSOLVENTS. April 29 -T. Ransford, Bristol, and Staple ton, Glocedershire, bat manufacturer. Apiil 29—J. Slmson, Hertford, latter. ApriI30-F. Smith, Chesbant, Hertfordshire, nufacturer. April 30—J. Carter, Cliesliunt, Hertfordshire, waterpr<.of-n>8" nufacturer. BANKRUPTCY ANNULLED. R. Short, Dartmouth, sail maker. BANKRUPTS: J. F. Taylor, Great St. Helen's, Bishopsgate street, wine mer- chant. J. M. Roberts, Villiers street, Strand, copperplate printer. D. Marfleet, Whitechapel road, draper. A. Norton, Bulstrode street, Manchester square, cabinet maker. '1'. and IV. Millingtqn, Voik, curriers, E. Burton and J. Taylor, WinifUvottom, Manchester, wine merchants. n c W. Badger, Merthyr Tydvil, C^ihorganghire, general sbop. keeper. I DIVIDENDS. May 23, T. Nettlefold and T. Reid, Francis street, Tottenham court read, furnis'iing ironmongers—May 10, J, Udall, Islington, carpet warehouseman—May 21, J. Finney, Charlotte strieet. porC. land place. merchant—May 15, R. G. Bowyer, Brick lane, Old street, grocer—May 21, H. Crace, Regent street, painter-bisf 21, A. and W. Coombs, Bennett's hili, Doctoi's commons, car- penters-May 21, T. Wild, Savage gardens. Tower hill, wipe merchant- Alay 21, C. Cooper, Upper North place, Gray's illll road, grocer-May 22, B Hammick, Long acre, coach maker- May 22, It. Wright, Theobald's road, and Harpur street, builder -May 25, P. Woodman, Fen., Piccadilly, corn dealer-May 28' W.Caffall,seii., Rickmansworth, Hertfordshire, butcher-l'th Y 21, J. and T. Brown. Bromley St. Leonard's, black ash manu- facturers-åfay 23, F. F. Cross, George yard, Whitcombe street. Leicester square, and Horse and Groom yard, Dorset place. Pa'' Mall, East, livery stable keeper—May 23, J. Williams, street, stationer-May 22, W. Henton, Nottingham, grocer- May 25, W. Corkhill, Whitehaven, tronmonger-June 2i, p. Lockier, Brighton, victualler-May 23, R. Hall, Newcastle "Pon I'yne, hatter-M.y 22. H. Garbett, Shiffnall, Shropshire, grocer — May 20, J. Cash, Liverpool, tailor—June I, E. and J. R. GraY, Livefpoo), corn tnerchants-blay 22, W. Tolley, sen Blrmio,. ham, music seller-May 29, J. Lyon, jun., Salford, Lancashire' malt dealer. CERTIFICATES—MAY 21. J. Townsend, Castle street, Holborn, dressing case manufaC. turer—R. Hardy, Blackfriars road, victualler-J. BrocklØoD, Leamington Priors, Warwickshire wine merchant—R. Walki" ton, High Holborn, upholsterer—T. North, Wooton, Bedfo'0" @hire, citrpenter-J, Peachty, Regent street, ironmonger.

HOUSE OF LORDS, APltlL 30. The Earl of RADNOR presented several petitions from places in Lancashire, from Canterbury, and from the ladies of Gloucester, against negro slavery. Lord CAWDOR presented several petitions against negro slavery from the Wesleyan Methodists of various pi tees. Lord SUFFIELD also presented fifty petitions from Wesleyan Methodists in different parts of England, against negro slavery. The noble lord also presented a petition fiom Liverpool against flagging in the army. Earl FITZWILLIAM presented a petition from the city of Bath, signed by 4000 persons, praying for an al- teration in the present system of corn laws. His Lordship also moved for certain returns connected with foreign corn. His Lordship further said that he had framed certain resolutions on the subject of the corn laws, which he should beg permision to lay on their lordships' table, in order that on a future day they should be brought by him under the consideration of the house. The first of these resolu- tions would have reference to the price of corn in the country. The second resolution would refer to those countries that were exporters of corn. The third resolu- tion would have reference to those countries that are, like this, importers of corn. The fourth resolution would apply to the total quantity of corn imported under the present Corn Bill into this country, and the rates of duties. The filth resolution would refer to the same fact taken at different periods. The sixth resolution would embrace the rate of averages and the seventh resolution would embrace his own views upon this subject, founded upon the preceding facts. The Noble EARl, then read his resolutions, and wished to know the opinion of the house as to the most convenient mode of proceeding to have his resolutions discussed. Etrl GREY said that he greatly regretted that his nuble friend had at this period brought forward a subject that ought not t« be unsettled. It was one of the greatest importance to all the interests of the counlry, and as un- fortunately it must come before their lordshtps* considera- tion, theie should be sufficient time given for bestowing on it all the attention that it deserved he would therefore sug- gest that the subject should not he brought forward by his noble friend sooner, at least, than Tuesday week. Earl FITZ WILLIAM said, that he had no objection to the day na ed by the noble earl. The consideration of the resolutions was then fixed for Tuesday week, and in the meantime the resolutions to be printed. HOUSE OF COMMONS, APRII. 30. On the SPEAKER calling the name of sir John Key, Sir FRANCIS BURDETT said the situation in which my hon. colleague thought he should be placed— indeed, I may say having taken office under the present administration chiefly withthe view and in the hope of promoting the benefit of the public, he now finds himself in circumstances which make it impossible for him at the same time to discharge the duty he fed! that he owes to his constituents and to the administradon of which he forms apart. My hon. colleague feelinghimseit placed in a situation of peculiar embarrassment, has requested me (having accepted the stewardship of the Chiltern Hundreds) to move that a new writ be issued for West- minster. The motion was carried without a single cheer or ob- servation Indeed it was evident the greater part of the house was p ppared for the announcement. Mr. H. HUGHES presented a petition from the parish of St. David's, in the city of Oxford, against the house an window taxes. Mr. CLAY presented petitions to the same effect from the parish of St. John, Wapping from Bethnal green, and St Leon aid, Shoreditch. REPEAL OF THE HOUSE AND WINDOW TAX. Sir JotiN KEY, on rising to bring forward his motion for a repeal of the house and window tax, said that the house tax is not an equal property tjx. and that it is not an equal tax upon disposable in- come. he might, perhaps, be cdled upon to say what it is. He denominated it an unfair and unjust tax upon the indusl ry of the country—it is an income tax in its most odious form. because it touches not masses of wealth it touches not the drones in the hive—it fixes with relent- less severity upon the industrious orde/s. The income tax, which as a mere tax on income, justly excited so much di-pleasure, was a heavtnly tax compared wiih this. If it uid tax a man's income derived from trade, it was only in common with incomes derived from other sources, and in the calculations of that income it made an allowance for the expenses of his trade. The house tax not only tixes income obtained by means of trade, in an enormously disproportionate degree, but it positively taxes the houses, the very instrument, the expensive in strument by which that income was created and the means from which it was derived. The tax gatherer makes no allowance for the depression of trade; it is in vain the tradesman speaks of his bad debts, of his reduced rate of profit, of his diminished business, the tax gatherer replies that he lives in the house, and whether he is prosperous or unprosperous— whether he breaks or thrives, the taxes must be paid. Beneath the reckless grasp of the tax gatherer first falls the profit of the tradesman-then the reward of his la- bour and industry, then his capital, then his credit, till bankruptcy closes his career. The goods of his cre- ditors then go to meet the demands of the tax gatherer, and if they are insufficient, u gaol is his portion, as a bankruptcy which answers all other claims is no protec- tion from the demands of this tax. Of the window tax it was not necessary for him to say so much it is subject to, though not in the same degree, a greattr portion of the reasoning he had taken the liberty of applying to the t^xupon houses, and III addition to those arguments its injurious effect upon the health and comloris of the people must be manifest to every one who considers the question. The window tax is, and ever has been an odious tax, intercepting in their progress to man two of heaven's greatest blessing-—light and air, the free enjoy. ment of which is equally indispensable to the healthful and comfortable enjo) ment of the other blessings of life. The progressive increase of this tax has prevented its ill con- sequences trom forcibly intruding themselves on the public. In many parts of the metropolis, in those old houses which have been converted into separate tenements for the poor, the closing of windows for the purpose of avoiding taxes has been carried on to an extent most injurious to health and comfort. The repeal of the house and window tax would not, hQwever, permanently deprive the revenue of any thing like its nominal amount. In the first place, 230,0001. per annum, the present cost of collection, will be saved to the country. In the next place, as the greater part of the amount of these taxes is taken from the small means of the middle classes, they will have something more to spend in obtaining for themselves the necessaries and comforts of life; of those the larger portion are taxed commodities, and the increased consumption, by the poition of income thus liberated, will cause an increase of revenue in its other branches, tea, coffee, sugar, tobacco, beer, and other articles of domestic use. The repeal of these taxes will also give a spur to indus- try, and lead to an increased consumption of bricks, timber, and particularly of glass and other taxed materials used in building. He thanked the house for the patient hear. ing they had granted him, and concluded by again ex- pressing his opinion, in which he trusted the house would coincide with him—that the taxes upon houses and will. dows are unequal, impolitic and unjust. They depressed trade, fetter industry they are sub- ject to every objection which applies to every other tax, wi:hout possessing the advantages of either, and for these reasons he moved that such portion of the assessed taxes as relate to the house and window tax be repealed. Mr. Alderman WOOD rose to second the resolution, which a very considerable number ofhis constituents thought necessary, and in doing so he felt great satisfac. tion. The house would perceive the extraordinary man- ner in which those taxes operated, from the fact that he could scarcely pass five houses, in any of the principal streets, but he found one untenanted. Indeed it was stated by a very intelligent member of a deputation that waited on the noble lord, that in many of the large pub- lic streets, one in every three of the shopkeepers had been either bankrupt or had compounded with his creditors. It had been said that if the tax were taken off it would only benefit the landlords of houses, and not the tenants that was not true, for in most of the streets of business the occupiers in fact were the landlords-at least for a time, as most of the houses were leasehold. (Hear, hear.) The SPEAKER then put the motion, and Lord ALTHORP rose and said. as the proposition which I shall have the honour to make is one of a very extraordinary nature, and one which I admit is liable to great objection, I feel it necessary before I enter on tkc substance of the resolution with which I shall conclude, to explain to the house the circumstances of the case, and the grounds on which I feel myself compelled to take the course which I feel it my duty to adopt. Sir, the division which took place on Friday last, I am not going to call a complete surprise on the house, because certainly the notice was in the house that the proposition would be brought forward but gentlemen must recollect that on that evening four notices were on the order books, and every gentleman who knows the forms ot the house must know that on the question of a com- mittee ot supply, only two motions can be made, one on the order of the day, and the other that the Speaker do leave the chair. Certainly, for myself, I did not expect that the motion of the hon. member for Lincolnshire could have been brought forward. ( Hear, hear.) The Motion, however, of the honourable member for Old- ham and another was withdrawn, aad the conse- quence was that thii honourable member for Lincoln- shire's motion was brought on. The question wan supported by gentlemen on different grounds, and I certainly do not think that the decision which took place on that occasion* would justify the government in taking any decided line of policy m indicated by ihe deci- sion of the house on that occasion. (Hear, hear.) I cannot consent that such a large reduction as the one contem- plated should take place without the adoption of a pro- perty tax, and this view I have embodied in the first por- tion of my motion and the second portion of it goes to show, that the adoption of a property tax at this time is inexpedient. (Hear.) Ido not conceive, sir, that hon. gentlemen will find themselves bound, in any future discussion of the propriety of putting on a pro- perty tax, by supporting this resolution. (Loud cheering.) The hon. baronet spoke of the great ex- pense in collecting this tax. But it so happens that with exception of the stamp duties,' the expenses of collecting are the lowest of all, the assessed taxes cost us the least in collection of the four great branches into which our taxation may be divided, of the customs, excise, stamps, and the assessed taxes. I may now be allowed to make tome observations, indeed it would be wrong of me not to do so, upon the proposition for giving a certain degree of relief to shopkeepers which I brought forward on a former occasion. One or two objections have been made to the mode of relief I proposed to adopt, the most serious of which is, that it would relieve the large shopkeepers, but would not relieve the smaller ones. I think this objection has great force. 1 therefore propose to abandon the proposition for deduct- ing a certain number of windows, and to say that all houses which have shops attached to them shall be re- lieved from one half the house duty. (Hear, hear.) That is simpler than my original plan, and will relieve both the large and small shopkeepers, in equal proportions, and that without a much greater sacrifice of revenue than 1 before contemplated. I feel great regret at finding my- self placed in a situation in which I think it necessary to appeal to the consideration of the house, and to propose that it should reconsider the decision it had come to. But, as I said before, it does appear to me that under the circumstances which accompanied the adoption of that decision, it would not be justifiable in his Majesty's mi- nisters to consider it as the final expression of the opinion of the house as to the course which ought to be pursued. Ministers, therefore, did not feel justified in taking any decisive step one way or the other. And I have been bound, however disagreeable it is to me, however embarrassing I adroit it to be, to give the house an opportunity of reconsidering its proposition. I will not detain the house further, but beg leave to move- That the deficiency in the revenue which would be occasioned by a reduction of the tax on malt to 10s. the quarter, and by the repeal of the tax on houses and win- dows, could only be supplied by the substitution of a general tax on property and income, and all extensive change in our whole financial system, which would at present be inexpedient." The SPEAKER put the question, when Mr. HUME declared his determination to vote against the amendment of the noble lord, and if that amendment should be carried against the wishes of the country, he should propose a motion to the following effect:—" That the deficiency of the revenue occasioned by the reduction of the malt tax and the house and window taxes should be made up by increased reductions in the public expen. diture, and if that should not he sufficient, that a tax on property should be resorted to." (Hear, hear.) Mr. HEATHCOTE said that he should first address himself to a reduction of the malt tax. He was of opinion that a repeal of that tax would benefit the mid- dling classes residing in country districts, bat he must say that he was opposed at present to a property tax, and he should most decidedly give his vote against any proposition of that description. He was also opposed to the repeal of the house and window taxes, because, al- though they migiit press heavily on the inhabitants of the city of London, it was equally certain that a great propottion of farmhouses in the country were wholly exempt from them. Sir J. WROTTESLEY said when an income tax was in existence, it was found almost impossible to assess it fairly, and he was decidedly of opinion that under the existing state of affairs the difficulty would be much greater. (Hear, hear.) Mr. ROBINSON was of opinion that if the house affirmed the proposition of the hon. baronet, and agreed to abolish the taxes now under consideration, that there would be no difficulty whatever in making up the deficiency. In the year 1830, Mr. Huskisson ex- pressed his opinion that the pressure of indirect taxation on the industrious classes could no longer be continued, and that some other species of taxation must be resorted to, and that an inquiry into the whole system of taxation was absolutely necessary. He atked, suppose the amend, ment of the noble lord should be carried, what would the people say He was convinced that the effect would be to bring the government into disrepute, and he contended that the vote of Friday ought not to be interfered with. He admitted that the noble lord (Althorp) was placed in a most embarrassing situation, but that was no reason why the vote should be rescinded. He denied that the credit of the country was in the least degree likely to be affected by the repeal of those taxes. Those gentlemen who thought so knew very little of the resources of this great couutry. Of this be was quite sure, that whatever might be the result of the motion of the hon. baronet (Sir J. Key), the repeal of those taxes must eventually be carried. The hon. gentleman concluded by stating his intention to vote against the amendment of the noble lord. Mr. BENETT said that he locked upon the vote of Friday night as the first triumph of reform. (Hear.) He regretted that he should be obliged to vote against the amendment of tire noble loid, and proceeded to show that if the noble lord (Althorp) would consent 10 give up part of his budget, the deficiency of the malt tax might be met. He conceived that a tax on beer would cover the defici- ency, and that instead of reducing the tax on shop win dows, which appeared not to give satisfaction to the shop- keepers themselves, that tax might be retained. The hon. gentleman concluded by observing, that a property tax must be re>orted to at last. Mr. COBBETT said the explanation of the noble lard (Althorp)* he considered had wholly failed to show that he had any right to call upon the house to stul- tify themselves by swallowing their own votes. The hon. member went 0:1 to declare that an income tax would be most iniquitous measure, and referred to the period when it was in existence, in order to show how oppressively it bore upon the middle classes. He plcdged himself to show that while thousands upon thousands were assessed upon the fluctuating property of indiv:duals who were earning precarious incomes, real p,operty-the property of the land—escaped from taxation altogether, or was but partially affected. With regard to the assessed taxes, he woul 1 have them wholly abolished, because it was notorious that people in the middle classes of life were grievously oppressed by those taxes. The noble lord had said ]n subs auce, that if we did not rescind that resolution he would resign, and like a naughty mother leave the House of Commons, like a parcel of children shut up in a dark room to be frightened at their own sha- dows. (Laughter.) He would say to the noble lord, Pray mammy, good mammy, do not leave us. (Immense laughter.) He could only compare the conduct of the noble lord to that ot the tyrant Emperor Nero, who said (the conclusion of the sentence was drowned in a storm of dissenting cries.) He did not mean to say that the noble lord would act as the tyrant of classic history had done, (Oh, oh.) but he would say that he attempted in a most tyrannical manner to dictate to that house. He called upon hon. members to do their duty tothiir country, unswayed by the threat which he had held out to them, of resigning his seat in the cabinet if his amendment should not be carried. Such a threat to a reformed House of Commons, he looked upon in no other light than as an insult, and he hoped that hon. members would have in- dependence enough to reject the di- tation of the noble lord, and act as independent representative; of the people. The hon. member concluded, by expressing his determi- nation to vote for the proposition "f the hon. baronet (Sir J. Key,) and against the amendment of the noble lord (Althorp.) Mr. SPRING RICE said if the hon. member for Oldham felt desirous to uphold the national faith, he would adopt a different course than promoting a repeal of taxes. Ir those taxes were repealed, would a property tax be adopted? (Cheers.) Would the agricultural interest consent to a tax of 10 per cent. upon the landlord and to 74 per cent. on the tenant ? (Hear.) The house ought to pass a property tax first. and then repeal other taxes. He defended the conduct the government felt bound to pursue. Upon this subject his noble friend the Chan- cellor of the Exchequer waS incapable to attempt to sway parliament; but as a minister of the crown, his noble frien i had a right to appeal to the sound judgment of that house. Mr. Sergeant SPANKIE said, that he had voted for the repeal of the malt duty, and regretted that the house at the time had not the opportunity of hearing the state- ment of the light hon. Secretary of the Treasury. (Hear.) He would not do anything that would inflict upon the country an income tax. (Hear.) He would vote however, for a repeal of the bouse and win- dow tax. (Loud laughter.) Sir R. PEEL would shortly state the grounds upon which he sh. uld give his vote respecting the motion he- fore the house. Although many gentlemen argued this question with respect to its bearing upon the financial and commercial state of the country, his vote should be guided by his anxiety to support the public credit of the country. (Hear.) He found that, after great reductions had been made in the expenditure and taxes of the country, an available surplus of half a million remains in the hands of the ministry. He then asked himself if, under such circumstances', he should vote for an increase of taxation ? It was true that the repeal of the house and window tax was not connected with the milt duty but under exist. ing circumstances they were connected, and the repeal of one would prodoce the repeal of the other. (Hear.) He found honourable gentlemen arguing that it was better to repeal the entire of the malt duty, than to take off one half of it. The fair argument then was that it waS pro- posed to take off taxes to the extent of 7,300.0001. (Hear.) The hon. member for Middlesex called upon the house to reduce the taxes, and leave it to a reduction of the ex- penditure to meet the deficit. But he (Sir Robert Peel) would answer to this argument, that he had voted for the army, navy, and ordnance estimates under such cir- cumstances, he could not expect to make any very great reduction in the expenditure of the country. (Hear.) The same hou. gentleman said, great reductions could take place in the collection of the revenue of the country. He (Sir Robert Peel) would say then make this reduction first, before a call was made upon them to put in jeopardy the credit of the country. (Hear.) As for the vote of Friday night, he begged to say that he was for rescinding —or resiVteding (Laughter, which arose from this allusion of the right hon. baronet, to the way in which the hon. member for Oldham pronounced the above word) it. if it interfered with the interests of the country. ( Hear.) The only real alternative to meet a commutation of tax- ation was in the income and property tax. (Hear ) Against such a tax he was prepared at that moment to vote. (Hear.) Not that he would say there were not periods when such a tax might be considered, with respect to its application to meet the circumstances of the country. (Hear.) But at that moment he was prepared to state that the imposition of such a tax would be most calamitous to the country,—(hear, hear,)—an income and pro- perty tax, for without a tax being imposed upon income any property tax would be pregnant with injustice. In times of war such a tax might be wise. Indeed there were periods of peace in which it might be just to bring such a measure forward. But let it be enforced when it would, it could not be done without a rigorous inquisition into the property of every in- dividual. (Hear, hear.) Then were they prepared to impose such a tax with such an accompaniment ? He would say it was better to bear the evils of the existing taxes, rather than have the property tax with such an ac- companiment. Hear.) He did not think the house and window tax a bad tax. If it pressed unequally, why re- dress the grievance. It was in fact a species of property tax, without the rigorous exaction attendant upon a pro- perty tax. He knew that it was very popular to talk of a graduated property tax. He protested against the po- licy and justice of such a tax. (Hear.) It would repress the energies and industry of the country. It would be the means of transferring capital to other countries. ( Hear, hear.) Under all those circumstances he wt uld certainly vote against the motion of the hon. baronet. (Hear.) Mr. O'CONNELL said that he thought that there was much mystification on the subject before the house. He called upon the house to get rid of the house and window t ix, and put the ministers to their wits- end to find out a Mjbs'Hu'e. < Laughter.) Although he conceived a pro- perty t;.A was just in principle, yet he did not think it was necessary to impose it at present. (Hear, hear.) The noble lord said that if a property tax were to be imposrd that it must extend to Ireland. (Hear, hear.) He thanked them for that cheer. It showed the honesty with which they were determined to act towards Ireland. They take off two millions and a half of taxes in England, and then they would impose an additional weight on Ireland to meet this decrease in the revenue here. (Hear, hear.) Oh this was justice to Ireland. Unless they took off taxes in Ireland to the amount of the property tax which they proposed, they would be guilty of the most monstrous injustice to that country. He again implored the house to pause before they negatived the motion of the hon. baronet. Sir F. BURDETT said he was placed in a difficult position with respect to the motion before the house, which was in no small degree heightened by the resolu- tion which his right hon. friend (Sir J. Hobhouse) had come to, namely, to resign his seat and his office, because he could neither oppose the motion of the hen baronet nor support the amendment. (Hear.) Although however his right hon. friend felt himself bound to act in this way because he did not wish to oppose a government with which he had been connected, he (Sir F. Burdett) was not placed in such a situation, and he would therefore give his vote on this subject fearless of all consequences. Had the motion of the hon. bart. been nakedly before the house he should have supported it, but connected as it was with the repeal of the malt duty, he must say that he could not cupport it. The vote of Friday night ought to be rescinded. (Oh. oh ) With respect to a pioperty tax, he must say that it appeared to him to be a most equitable mode of taxing the country. But when he saw so many practical men starting objections to the imposition of this tax, he must also say that he was not at this moment,under such circumstances, prepared to deprive the revenue of six mil ions. (Hear.) Mr. HARVEY said he should support the motion of the hon. baronet ( Sir John Key.) and he should also sup- port any measure for substituting a property tax for those proposed to be repealed. Lord J. RUSSELL said that the chief object of the present proposition of the government was to re-establish the confidence of the country, and he thought the best mode of accomplishing the desirable object was the amendment of hi* noble friend (Lord Althorp). He trusted that the vote of. this night would have tbe effect of restoring that confidence in the financial state of the country whieh the decision of Friday last was calcu- lated to destroy. Dr. LUSHINGTON would vote for the amendment of his noble friend (Lord Althorp), although he knew by doing so he was flinging away all his popu- larity in the district he represtnteil but of two evils, he would chose the least. He had never given any pledge to his constituents, but was returned as a free and un- shackled repre-entative to act to the best of his judgment, and that judgment told him that he should support the noble lord (Althorp) in his office, whose integrity and honesty was the best safeguard for the public welfare. Mr. lENNYSON rose amidst loud c, ies of Question, and much interruption. He admitted that it would be dishonest to repeal those taxes without a substitute, but he could not see why the present was an improper time to lay on a property tax as that substitute. He should certiinly therefore vote for the motion of the hon. baronet the member for the city. LordALTHORp gaid that he could not agreee to the words of the amendment of the hon. member for Middle- sex (Mr. Hume). After a few words from Mr. Hume, Mr. Baring, and Sir R. Peel, the gallery was cleared for a division, when the numbers were I ,or y1 Key's motion 157 lor Lord Althorp's amendment 355 Majority for ministers -IU8 On out re-admission to the gallery, we found a discus- sion going on as to the mode of proceeding wi h respect to Sir William Ingilby'g resolution, that pissed oil Friday last for the repeal of one hM of the duty on malt. Mr. HUME said he should withdraw his amendment. Sir YVILLlAAl INGILllY then moved, that all the words in Lord Althorp's resolution just carried that re- lated to the malt duty should be left out. On this the house divided a second time, when the numbers were- For Sir W. Ingilby's motion 131 Against it 285 Majority 154 A th*Lrd division afterwards took place on a motion 01 of Sir William Ingilby, for leave to bring in a biil founded on his resolution that was carried on Friday last, when the numbers were For the motion 76 Againbt it 238 Majouty -162 The orders of the day were then disposed of, and the house adjourned at four o'clock to Thursday. HOUSE OF LORDS, MAY 1. I The Earl of RADNOR presented a petition from St. Clement's, Oxford, against the house and window tax. l Lord SUFFIELD presented fifty petitions from various congregations of Westleyan Methodists in differ. ent parts of England, against negro slavery. The same noble lord presented a petition from the parish of St. George, in Middlesex, against the house and window tax and also a petition from a place in Warwickshire, praying for an slteration in theparochial registration. The Marquess of VVES1 MINSTER presented seve- ral petitions from Places in the diocess of Landaff, com- plaiiiing of the church establishment in Wales, and from persons in Doctors' Commons,and different congregations of dissenters, praying for the removal of the civil disabili- ties of the Jews, and the exemption of places of wor- ship from poor rates; and from a place in Chester against the beer bill. Also petitions from different places in the county of Chester, praying for the abolition of negro slavery. The noble marquess said that he would have pre- sented these petitions to the house on an earlier day, as they had been some time in his possession, but he was prevented daing so by indisposition. The Earl of MORIJEY moved that there be laid before the house an account of the average price of wheat from June 1824 to the present1™- The Earl of WINCH ILsEA was desirous of setting himself right on a point in which he had been misrepre- sented in several of the journals of that day, with respect to what he had said the day efore on the labour rate system. He was represented to have said that he knew that system to be injurious in the parts of the country with which he was acquainted. Whereas he had said just the reverse, for he knew it to be most beneficial, and he should he sorry to have it go forth that he said he knew that to be bad which he in fact knew to be practi- cally good-Adjourned.