The Glamorgan Monmouth and Brecon Gazette and Merthyr Guardian

REVIEW OF LITERATURE. "THE BRITISH MAGAZINE" FOR JANUARY.— J. Turrill and 1'. Clenc Smith, London ( Concluded from our last.) "That a Ministry like the present, indeed, should, through organs iike the Solicitor-General and the Globe,* sound the public mind about church rates, must make one suspicious of their intentions; suspicious that they are looking round for a sop to throw to Cerborus, if he should be out of temper. It is very unwise, no doubt, to be anti- cipating evii, and talking nf the steps which the govern- ment is likely to take, because this prepares men's minds for what may be June. and the government knows that they are thus prepared. 011 this ground nothing would have been said here, but for the indications which have been so publicly made of a resolution to attack church rates on the one side, and the disposition to make a boan of giving them up on the other. To this every possible resistance must be made. The pneniiesof the church—the Faithfuls, and Gisbcrnes, and Wilkses, and Finns, &c. &c.—have found out, and know well enough, as was observed before, that their proper tactics are to propose questions which may seerr. too trifling to cali rip the strength of the church, and yet may carry the principle. Church rates is one of these; it really involves the question, Shall there be a national church or not?''—and, consequently, it is thair game to carry it, and it may be the game of the govern- ment to carry it on other grounds. It is quite notorious that for some weeks very strong reports have been pre- valent of intentions in the ministry to change the liturgy, &c. by Act of Parliament Looking at many of the circum- stances under which these rumours come forth, there can be little reasonable doubt that they were intentionally t-spread to put the active friends of the church on a wrong scent, and lead them to direct -all their energies to the doctrines and constituuon of the church, questions which will, in all probability, not be mooted at present. Indeed, as there is, in fact,no strong party without, which cares one farthing about our liturgy, and the party within (whether numerous or not) is of no sort of consequence to the govern- ment, it is most probable that measures relating to the Liturgy and Articles wi:l never be brought before Parlia- ment, except from an express design to distract the friends of the church, and break their strength, if inconveniently great. But even then, it may be doubted whether any government would be mad enough to try what would unite all the decent men in the country against it, viz. the attempting to settle the creeds and liturgy of the church by legislative enactments. On this account it should be repeated, that the friends of the church should prepare for all possible resistance to the attempt against church rates, as involving the question of the church establishment. Let it be fairly and fully stated in Parliament that this is the case, and that those who vote for relieving Dissenters from rates, vote that the principle of an establishment is a bad one; vote that civil government has nothing to do -with Christianity, and is under no more obligation to pro- mote or protect it than to protect Paganism or Mahome danism. The whole history of the matter is, that the law, with respect to this most ancient and well-established of -all unwritten customs, having been left, as far as the bouks go, somewhat loose and undefined, the enemies of the church saw that this was a weak point. It is not conscience, but a sharp scent for weak points, which makes the clamour against church rateS. If the legal remedy for refusing to pay were clear, we should have heard nothing more of this matter than of any other. Somewhat of the same remark applies to registrations. The political dissenters know that they can use this as a po itical engine. A sprinkler, as the phrase is, can easily be sent round to baptise and register all the children in large manufacturing towns, whose parents are careless, and a very small sum of mouey, well applied, would bring large numbers of the necessitous. Then these numbers would be made the foundation of arguments for an increase in the number of Dissenters, and for their consequent right to power. Let none of those invaluable friendsof the church who are declaring their attachment to her in her spiritual cha- racter, and shewing a holy jealousy to preserve it pure and undefiled, think that too much attention is here given to -sce,ilars. If there is a question for a moment between a ehurch and an establishment, let the establishment be scat- tered at once to the four winds of heaven, and named no more. But till there is let it not be forgotten that the establishment by law of a church like ours is a blessing of unspeakable magnitude to the country, as by it the blessings of the gospel are conveyed to parishes and populations which would otherwise he left without a teacher. And, abovfe all, let there be no jealousies an this point. Let not one party for a nMViieht entertain the idea of a separa- tion, till it is necessary in order to preserve the purity of the church. Who would share the remorse of that man who in the decline of life remembered that his intempe- rance of feeling had assisted in carrying measures by which thousands of Englishmen would be for generations con- demned to the misery of a total ignorance of their only Lord and Saviour? On the other hand, let not any just ground for jealousy be given to those true and real church- men who rightly value the church a thousand times above the establishment, by indifference to their just arguments and their righteous zeal. Let those who think on yet the establishment, if they cannot themseves rise to higher views, remember that they are the authors of distractions, separation, and all the mischiefs which may o ow, I by their low views they give ri-e to just suspicion that they would sacrifice much church principle to presei ve the secular establishment, that theirs is the guilt, and theirs will be the dreadful responsibility. Let them for decency's sake, if they have no higher motive, remember that the one only argument for preferring this to any other church as the legal establishment, is. that it is the true church— and that they who in one breath maintain this and yet would invadeeven one of those awful rights and privileges which belong to a branch of the church, expose themselves justly to the suspicion and the scorn of every righteous man." One of the fearful parts of our condition is, the total and utter ignorance in which Ministers and their organs are. The Globe, of Deeember 20b, praises the Bristol Address as favourable to charge! and then contrasts it with an nssociation to withstand change W hat hope is there of piercing through such a thick cloud of ignorance of facts? From the rest of the paragraph, it is clear that the Globe does not understand one word as to the kind of chanae referred to. Then the Times contrasts the bad

TO THE EDITOR OF THE GAZETTE AND GUARDIAN. SIR,—The Study of history has been recommen- ded as, serving "to quicken the discernment and supply cautious wisdom. Evincing that virtue and ability have, in every age and country, belonged to some ot our rare, it has a tendency to remove un- generous and illiberal prejudice, aud to enlarge the circle of our benevolence. But it may be made the vehicle of poison to the mind; distortion of tacts, suppression of documents and records, or their sys- tematic falsification, will transfer it into the baneful instrument of party rancour, and make it subservient only to the increase of inveterate conceit. With the hope of elucidating incidentally matters of some peculiar interest in this county, permit me to dwell on the shallowness of reading and judgment, and the unhappy distortions and concealments which distinguish a pretended History" on which I have already ventured to comment. I. As to its superficial en-ors The modern historian is pleased to say that The British Church was what Constantine and his suc- cessors had made it, a foul almagamation of Pagan- ism with Christianity. Is then that splendid page torn y from the history of our country, which records the noble resistance of seven British Bishops to the en- croachments of the Roman Augustine? They de- clared in public council in Worcestershire, that they owed no obedience to the Bishop of Rome, but were under the government of the Bishop of Caer- leon, who, under God, was their only overseer. A less than half learned historian must know that they were excommunicated for not submitting to the Romish rites and customs; and because three British Bishops attended the council of Ailes A.D. 311. (Ivor, Edred, and Brawdol.) [Eborius Restitutus and Adelfiusj were they what Constantine and his successor had made them. Has this shallow writer heard or neglected the answer of Dinothus (St. Dunward) at Austin's Oak ? Or in earlier times, knows he nothing of the election of St. David to be Archbishop of of Wales in 519. (250 years before Offa) by an independant Clergy ? If not, let him weigh the Council of Catwg Trech doelhiheb na Gregi." A sounder maxim than his favourite, knowledge is power." But why, if Wales were a land of darkness ac- cording to his opinion (while others Say that she shed holy and beneficent light around), why traduce the acknowledged virtue of the Saxon Clergy ? Surely their exertions in translating Scriptures-in converting heathen Germany—their strict and upright Canons-their plain and touching Homilies deserve no such return. But bigotry says forget an Alcuin, a Boniface, and an Asser and remember only Dunstan, lest they glow with admiration of an Alfred—thrust on them my legends of your Offa." II. To come next to concealments and distortions in the history, which we were solemnly promised should be derived from the most ''authentic sources." Why then are the laws and constitutions for the maintenance of the Clergy in the days of Ina- of Egbert, Archbishop of YOrk-prior to Offa, sup- pressed ? Why hear we nothing of the Council of Calcuith, A.D. 787 ? Are the laws of the great Alfred, son (not brother as in my last) to Ethelwolph, rejected ? or are we to be put off with that heap of errors about Guthrun ? whose 1st treaty was in 878 —not 900—and is not" recorded at large in the Anglo-Saxon laws," and who moreover was not a Pagan when the first treaty came into operation? To proceed. Why are the enactments, ratifications, and decrees of Ethelred, Canute, Edward the Con- fessor, W7illiam the Conqueror, Henry the 1st, Stephen, Henry the 2d, and Richard the 1st, omitted? To usher in the unfounded assertion that the monas- teries consisting wholly of Laymen, provided more liberally for the poor than those of Ecclesiastics- whence this ill-meant fling? That Monks were originally Laymen is well known, though at one time all compelled to take orders; and it was the wisdom of the ancient Church that they should not usurp the power of public teaching or preaching any more than Laymen (see Council of Chaleedon.) They were in a middle state, between Clergy and Laity, but often in Holy Orders. lienee Arcadius desires the Bishops to augment from them the Clergy. It is certain that they were often enemies to the Parish Clergy, absorbing their revenues and hindering their usefulness. But the difference be- tween their various denominations—the Gyrovagi- Dancers, perhaps, or Jumpers- and the Bosci or Grazers, let Stephanus. decide, now the historian has so kindly taken their part. The next error is the once common one of sup- posing that men might pay their tithes to what Church they pleased till the Council of Lateran. Pridaeux on Tithes, no mean antiquary, from the authority of the Lord Chancellor of Edward 3d. shews that its decrees did not relate at all to the parishioners' objection (long settled), but to the Patron's power to appropriate the tithes of his advowson. Innocent the 3d, in defence of the injured Parish Clergy, says that they then belonged already to the Parish Church "of common right." After this the acts ol 15 Richard 2d, and 4 Henry 4th, are disgracefully perverted-they direct, that, in case of Abbeys, &c. engrossing tithes, to the detriment to this bour or the Parish Minister, a reasonable sum should be paid to the Vicar who actually did his duty, and to the poor, at the discretion of the Bishop. The last lunder-and not least notable-is the feigning that the Clergy hold their rights by that very act of H2nry the 8th, which was passed to enable the Impropriators to strip them, and to give these newcaimants legal redress against unwilling payers. *he absurdity" of calling the Church of England the National Religion" I leave to others, having c01? e(< rayself to historical perversions,and knowing that Ie a false tongue is but for a moment," I remain yours, DECUMANUS.

GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY. (Prom the Bristol Joumal.) On Tuesday se'nnight, a public meeting of the inhabi- tants of Bath and its neighbourhood was held at the White Lion Inn, In that city, W. L. Caldecott. Esq. in the chair, for the purpose of considering the advantages of the projected railway between Bristol and London, and of pro- moting the objects of that undertaking." The advertisement convening the meeting having been read, the Chairman called upon C. A. Saunders, Esq. Secretary of the London Committee, to state the objects and propects of the measure. Mr. Sanders said that in obeying the call which had been made upon him, he had to request the indulgence of the meeting, as this was the first time he had addressed a public assembly. He then proceeded to observe that the undertaking now under notice had originated in Briptol; it had not owed its commencement to individual specula- tion; it was promoted by public bodies who had minutely examined all the details of the scheme, and who had con- tributed funds towards the expences already incurred. During an inquiry which had lasted six or eight months, it had been shown that the railway was a practicable ob- ject, and that its completion would be productive of the most important advantage to the port of Bristol. It was well known that the trade of Bristol had most materially declined; it was not therefore wonderful that the inhabit- ants of that city should take a step so well calculated as the present to revive their commercial prosperity It bad been ascertained by reference to the Reports of the Liverpool and Manchester Railway Company, that the Great Western railway would prove a most feasible and advantageous project, and in London, where the local benefits of the undertaking could have no weight, it was looked npon in a favourable light as a matter of pounds, shillings, and pence. In short, so much confidence was placed in Lon- don in the railway, that there was speedily formed in that city, a highly respectable Board of Directors, and to the Directors, he must add, the undertaking owed considerably more than to any local exertions which had hitherto been made. The capital which it was estimated would be re- quired for the completion of the whole line was 3,000,0001. but on account of several minor undertakings of the kind having been unsuccessful, pacticularly as regarded Bristol, there was at first much hesitation on the subject, and after the lapse of six weeks, there were only four or five thousand shares taken. It then became a matter of consideration whether the completionof the whole measure might not be made more feasible by first raising a number of shares sufficient to complete the portions of the line lying between London and Reading, and between Bristol and Bath. The plan had gradually worked its way until about eight thou- sand shares had been subscribed the number required before the Directors could apply to Parliament for an Act was ten thousand,so that only two thousand additional shares required to he taken, in order to carry into effect the modified plan which, he would add, would not have been resolved on had it not been considered that this was the best possible mode of securing the completion of the entire line from London to Bristol. These two thousand shares he had no doubt would be soon subscribed. All that the originators of the railway wanted was, that the statements which they had put forth should be well sifted, aud it would then be seen that the Directors had not taken up the project in an over sanguine spirit, but that the expenses had been calcu- lated high, and that the returns had been taken at a very low rate. It could not be expected that the inhabitants of Bath would give their support to the railway, till it could be satisfactorily shown that it would be beneficial to the city, and secondly, that it would afford a profitable investment for their capital. He had not met with one person either in Bristol or Bath, who had not agreed that the railway | would be beneficial to both those cities—though in different ways. To Bristol it would be beneficial in a commercial point of view; but he would not refer particularly to that city, as it was more necessary that he should confine his observations principally to Bath. Bath then, he conceive was the residence of families who came thither for pleasuie or as invalids. Now if it could be shown that by establish- ing a more rapid and more agreeable mode of conveyance or as invalids. Now if it could be shown that by establish- t ing a more rapid and more agreeable mode of conveyance between Bal; and the metropolis, a greater number of per- sons would be inclined to come to this place, he thought he should be showing that the railway would he a decided benefit to the city. The value of property depenued on the demand, whether that property consisted ot houses or of land, or w ether it was invested in trade. Now it had been seen by numerous examples, that wherever communication had been improved, towns had become larger and more prosperous the pi e- sent increase of houses at Brighton, was owing to thr in- creased rapidity and facility of communication between that town and the metropolis being brought within five or six hour's ride of London—a very large number of persons were induced to reside there who would otherwise have fixed themselves more in the vicinity of London. Many other places such as Gravesend, Margate, Ramsgate, &c. had increased in population, in proportion as travelling had become cheaper and more rapid. Bath was an ac- knowledged plate of favourite resort, and he should not be going too far in saying that the projected railway would double the number of families residing here. A great nnmber of persons came to Bath for the purpose of seeking health the railway would enable them to reach this from London in four hours and a-half, and without any fatigue, for it hadbeen ascertained on the Liverpool and Manchester railway, that there was no fatigue in travelling of this kind. Now, if the number of residents were increased in Bath, who could deny that there would be a great increase in its trade ? It might be said that an increase of the residents would increase the price of provisions, but this idea would be abandoned when it was con- sidered that this anticipated ill effect would be obviated by J.he facility which the railway would afford for the cheap atl(j raj)id transport of agricultural produce. He thought that gentlemen could hardly look at a map of the West of England and at South Wales, wi hout per- ceiving that Bath would, in all probability, become a centre for passengers between London and the West generally, Sduth Wales and Ireland. A railwav would probably he formed from Bristol to Plymouth, but the chance of this had not been taken into account. The railway would, would, however, still enable persons travel.ing from London to Plymouth, to perform their journeys more quickly via Bath and Bristol than by any other route, and persons from Wales ,vould certainly adopt this road. He would now proceed to the question of estimates;—these had been made before he (Mr Sanders) had been connected with the "concern as its Secretary, but he had gone carefully into them, and he had found them correct; the expences had been taken beyond those incurred in the Liverpool and Manchester railway, the Directors of which had stated that their undertaking was subject to heavier expences than those to which other railways were likely to be liable; the estimated expences of the Southampton, Brighton, Windsor, and other railways were also considerably under those of the Great Western Railway-in some of them to the ex- tent of one half. It would not be made an objection to these estimates that they were larger than those of other undertakings, as the greatest injury had resulted to projects of this kind from understating tie cost. It had been ealculated that 2,800.0001. would be sufficient to complete the line from London to Bristol; but in order to be quite safe the amount had been fixed at 3,000,000. The company held out to the public swiftness aud cheapness of travelling. On the point of revenue arising from this source, accurate information had been procured, and the result of the enquiry had been, that there wis 20 percent, more travelling on the road between London and Bristol than on any road in the Kingdom. The vans and waggons travelling the road, and the quan:ity of goods transported by them had also been estimated, aud this calculation had not included the goods carried by canals, or on the Thames nor the cattle driven oil the road. It had been ascertained j by reference to other existing railways that goods pay 2s.1 6d. profit for every 10,.6d. charge, and tha: passengers pay 2s. 6d. for every 4s. 6.1. charge, and as, therefore, it had been ascertained that the proportion of triveiliug was greater on the road between London and Briitol than on any other road, it might be fairly concluded that the rate of profit would be greater. Calculating on the current ex. pences incurred by the Liverpool and Mancluster railway company,wl;ich were acknowledged to begreatjr than those to which other railways were likely to be subject,—even ex- cluding all gbods carried by vans or wiggons, and taking only the ascertained travelling by stage or post coaches, it was confidently expected that a return of 121, per cent. would be realized on the ca)ital invested in the lines between London and Reading, and be tween Bath and Bristol. For this portion of the un- dertaking 8000 shares had been taken, and it was now sought to increase the list to 10,000 which would enable the Directors to apply to Parliament for the Act. Gentle- men wishing to embark in the undertaking vere not called on to be responsible for their shares uulesi the whole list of 10,000 were filled; no subscriber would be called on to pay more than 51. per share until the Alt had been ob. tained, and after the Act had passed power would be given to the share holders, enabling them if they pleased to transfer their shares to other hands. The word 4 bubble' could not be correctly applied to this undertaking; it was y no bubble an Act of Parliament must be procured before the project could be commenced, and the subscribers were not answerable beyond the amount of their shares. Mr'. Sanders concluded a most able speech, of which from want of room we are able to give only the leading points) by thanking the meeting for the kind attention with which he had been heard. His observations throughout were received with much applause. In answer to a question put by C. Walmcsley, Esq.; Mr. Sanders stated that the estimated cost of completing the two lines at present in contemplation would be 1,250,oool. H. Mant, Esq. then moved the first resolution. (S.ie advertisement.) Mr. Wilson moved the 2nd resolution. J; Brace, Esq. seconded the motion. 1. Pycroft, Esq. moved the 3rd resolution. He said, that having been actively engaged in the recently aban- "oned project for constructing a railway between Bath and Bristol, he had taken 0 the trouble to ascertain the average number of coach passengers travelling be- tween Bath and Bristol. He had made this calculation on three successive days, in the coldest and most un- comfortable parts of the month of January, when it might be fairly allowed that travelling was at its lowest ebb. He tonnd that the average number of passengers per coach during those three days was seven. Now he had afterwards found on enquiry, that the average number calculated on by the Directors of the present undertaking, taking the summer and winter together, was only eight, so that it would be seen that the utmost candour had been used not to overstate the probable returns. In the project which ''a. been given up, it had been clearly shewn that if it nad been completed, there would have been an ample return for the capital invested. Mr. Scott, in seconding the resolution, bore testim°ny to Mr. Pycroft's statement respecting the profit which would have resulted from the late railway undertaking if it had been carried into effect. Capt. Scott, R.N. moved the fourth resolution. K.N. seconded the resolstion. Mr. John AileD moved the fifth resolution, which was se- conded by Mr. Edward Davis. Mr. Saunders here announced that a gentleman present (Mr. Inglis, of London, as we understood) who had given the undertaking his close attention, bad requested that his name might be placed on the list for five hundred shares. (Applause.) The whole amount of shares subscribed for by the gentle- men present, wos 6,102 —After tnankshad been voted to the Chairman, the Meeting was dissolved. We hear that a deputation has left Bristol for Ireland, for the purpose of obtaining a powerful co-operation of the landholders and capitalists in the sister kingdom. So much has the undertaking recently advanced in pub- lie favour, that there is not the slightest doubt of ultimate success.

THE HORRORS OF DRUNKENNESS.—On Thurs- day night week, a man named Murray, and his wife, were burned to death at Manchester. It appeared that they were both drunk, Bitting by the fire quarrelling. She threw her apron upon the coals and then pulled it off again, by which the clothes of both the wretched creatures were ignited, and con- tinued to burn until they received so much injury as to cause death. HORRIBLE DEATH. CLIMBING Boys. Last week one of those melancholy cases occurred, which have been unfortunately too common in the history of chimnev-sweeping. A little boy had ascended a chimney, while the fire was not removed from the grate below, but merely covered over with a griddle, which it was supposed, would be a sufficient protec- tion to the poor child The soot fell Sown in great quantities on the griddle, and, in a little time it ignited. In spite of every effort, the blaze was com- municated to the chimney, which was soon in onc mass of burning flame, whilst the poor child was pent up in the middle of it. After a considerable time he succeeded in getting down, but when he did so, he was in a most frightful condition-the flesh being literally roasted on his boues, though he was still livino- He was speedily conveyed to the hospital, where' he remained for some time in a state of ex- cruciating agony, and then expired —Belfast News- letter. DREADFUL ACCIDENT IN A WOOLLEN FACTORY. -On Thursday week, as a young man named Thomas Rhodes, 15 years of age, was employed as a feeder of woollen engines at Mr. Schofield's factory,Canal Side, Rochdale one of the straps belonging to the engine came off and whilst he was attempting to put it on the drum himself, the strap gathered around his ancle and carried him up. He screamed out, and two men went to his assistance, but without effect-the poor boy was taken round the drum, and as there was only about 10 inches between the top of the drum and the floor, his head and legs were torn from his body, and his intestines were scattered about. An inquest was held on the body at the Cotton Tree, Rochdale-street, and a verdict of accidentally killed was returhed by theJury.—Glasgow Courier.

GLEANINGS. oip- OWEN GLYNDWR.—1" the hotel Soubise, at Paris, is a document of the date 1404, to which is appended the Public Seal of Oiren Glyndwr. Casts of both. obverse and reverse taken by Mr. Double- day, were exhibited by Sir Henry Ellis, to the Society of Antiquarians, December 12th, 1833, along with a cast of Glyndwr's private seal, from the same depository. It was not before known, that this Prince had assumed the sovereign style of using a Royal Signet.—Hcnben. AVVKWUID LAW. Charolldus, legislator of Thurnim, an ancient Greek colony, made a law, that if any one proposed the abrogation of any of the old laws, he should do so with a rope round his neck. If he succeeded it was to be taken off with honour, if not, the importunate senator was to be forthwith "hauled up to the yard-arm." How would some of our modern Members of Parliament look, if this law were in force in England ? A SAILOR'S DESCRIPTION OF A HUNT.—Goin<? to see my father, the other day, he ax'd me to a voyage a-hunting with him; so when the swabber had rigged the horses, they brought me one to stow myself on board of, that, they told me, she was in such right and tight trim, she would go as fast, upon any tack, as a Fulkstone cutter, so I got up aloft, and clapt myself athwart the ship's this'n, and made as much way as the best on um. After sometime, to the windward of a gravel pit, we espied a hare at anchor on our getting within hail, she weighed, and bore away. We held her in chase a long time, and, just as I had come up with her, my horse came bump ashore upon a stone. The backstay broke, she pitched me over the forecastle, came keel upward, and unshipped my shoulder- so, damme, if ever I set sail on a bad privateer again. It is stated, in the Penny Magazine," that by means of the machines used at the printing-offices of the Times paper, and some other journals, ien thousand copies can be strUck off' in two hours and a half. CLERICAL ERROR.-An ignorant priest cele- brating mass, finding in the rubric Salta per tria," meaning, skip over three pages, took three leaps in front of the altar, to the great astonishment of the congregation. INSCRIPTION On the Altar Tomb of the Three Hundred Greeks who fell at Titerinopylw.- Translated from the Greek of Simonides. Die hospes, Spartae, nos te hie vidissc jacenteg Dum sanctis patriae legibus obsequiinur. Cicero i" Tusc. Quaest. Go, ten the Spartans, thou who passest by, That here, obedident to their laws, we lie. W. L. BOWLES. Inscribed on Rosamond's Tomb at Woodstock Hicjacet in tomùà Rosa lDundi non Rosa luunda, Non redolet, sed olet, quit redolere solet. A LEARNED LIBRARIAN.—A person being em- ployed to arrange a Collegiate Library, placed a tract on Impossible Roots" among the botanical treatises, and enriched the class of Surgical Books with Burton's 4notonly Of Jlelaltcholy." A boy was placed at the police bar today, charged with stealing a mat from a door in St. Andrew's Square. To the question how many times did you steal the mat ?" he replied four times." He had stolen it from one person and sold it to another stolen it from the person to whom he sold it and disposed of it to another stolen it from the second purchaser and sold it to a third" and upon stealing it again, was detected This is doing a good deal of business with a very small stock.— Glasgow Journal. ADMIRAL LORD VISCOUNT KEITH.—The Admiral was at his seat in Scotland, and was writing letters after breakfast—he had written one to his brother in-law William Adam Lord Chief Commissioner of the Jury Court, Edinburgh which he had enclosed in a frank, but not sealed as he had intended to add a letter to his daug'hter—while writing this letter his Lordship dropped down dead in a fit of apoplexy. It was necessary to announce this event to Mr. Adam, and the person who did so put his letter into the cover which was found on the table and thus to save sixpence, the deceased nobleman was made to frank an account of his own death.—Journal of John lleriot, Esq. MANNER OF LIVING IN OLD TiMEs.-Perli;ips the following view of living in the fifteenth century may amuse some of our readers. It is part of the journal of the celebrated Elizabeth Woodville, before her marriage with Lord Grey she was after- wards Queen to Edward IV., and died in confinement at Southwark under Henry VII., in 148G. This was extracted from the ancient manuscript pre- served in Drummond Castle, and communicated to the public by Lady Ruthven Monday morning, rose at four o'clock, and helped Catherine to milk the cows, Rachael, the other dairymaid, having scalded her hand in so bad a manner the night before made a poultice for Rachael, gave Robin a penny to fetch something from the apothecary's. Six o'clock the bnttock of beef too much boiled, and beer a little the stalest. Mem. To talk to the cook about the first fault, and to mend the second myself by tapping a fresh barrel immediately. Seven o'clock; went to walk with the Lady, my mother, in the court-yard fed twenty-five men and women chid Roger severely for expressing some ill-will at attending with the broken meat. Eight o'clock; went into the paddock behind the house and caught Thump, the little pony, and rode a matter of six miles without saddle or bridle. Ten o'clock; went to dinner. Eleven o'clock rose from the table, the company all desirous of walking in the fields John Grey would lift me over every stile. Three o'clock; poor farmer Robinson's house burnt down by accidental fire John Grey proposed a subscription among the company, and gave no less than four pounds with this benevolent intent. Mem. Never saw him look so comely as at that moment. Four o'clock; went to prayers. Six o'clock fed the hogs and poultry. Seven o'clock supper on the table delayed till that hour on account of farmer Robin- son's misfortune. Nine o'clock the company fast asleep. These late hours very disagreeable." To DRAMDIUNKERs-e.dical opinions in regard to the nature of ardent spirits, and its effects upon society :— SIRASTLEY COOPER, BART.—<c No person has a greater hostility to dram drinking than myself, inso- much that I never suffer any ardent spirits in my house, thinking them evil spirits; and if the poor could witness the white livers, the dropsies, the shat- tered nervons systems which I have seen as the con- sequences of drinking, they would be aware that spirts and poisons are synonymous terms." WILLIAM HARTY, PHYSICIAN TO THE PRISONS OF DUBLIN.— Being thoroughly convinced, by 1°DS and extensive observation among the poor and niid- dlin" classes, that there does not exist a more pro- ductive cause of disease, and consequent poverty and wretchedness, than the habitual use of ardent spirits, I cannot therefore hesitate to recommend the entire disuse of such a poison, rather than incur the risks necessarily connected with its moderate use." EDWARD TURNER, M.D. F.R.sls. London and Edinburgh, Professor of Chemistry in the London ULiiversity.-Il It is my firm conviction, that ardent spirits are not a nourishing article of diet; that in this climate they may be entirely disused, except as a medicine, with advantage to health and strength and that their habitual use tends to undermine the consti- tution, enfeeble the mind, and degrade the character. They are one of the principal causes of disease, poverty, and vice. REFORM ILLUSTRATED.—The clock of Christ Church, Surrey, stopped on New Year's Day, at ten minutes past two; and on Sunday the church was abandoned by its different officers, as the notice from the churchwardens had previously intimated that it would be. There were no bell-ringers, no pew- openers and no fires. The atmosphere of the church was of course rather cold, and the sittings somewhat dusty but the congregation was numerous and re- spectable, and the sermon—delivered, as we under- stood, by the Rev. R. South, who kindly offered his services gratuitously-must have fully compensated, in the minds of all lovers of pulpit eloquence, or the little inconvenience to which they were subjected. The Reverend Gentleman, in the progress of his dis- course, alluded incidentally to the Church and its enemies. In former times, he observed, churchmen bad been exposed to persecution of the most vnulent and formidable character, but they had ultioiately overcome their foes; and they had done so because they were true to themselves. He therefore admo- nished his hearers, whilst they prayed for those who were engaged in the same unholy work at the present day, to avai! themselves of their example in oue re- spect, to act with the unanimity of their enemies. The organist performed his duties as usual; and we believe the sacrament was administered, sufficient wine for the purpose remaining over from last year. There was no service in the evcDing, as no candles could be provided.-Albion.

HVRitTURE JLLUSTliA TIUISS.—No. 27, 1. Cor. 3. v. 6.—" I have planted, A polios watered but God gave the increase," Men may scatter the spiritual seed, they may explain the word of truth diligently and faith- fully. inay reason strongly, exhort affectionately, rebuke courageously, enforce the obligations to a holy life, and expose the folly and danger of a wicked one, very dexterously but it is not in the power of all their industry, and eloquence, and zeal, to give one word they say its proper efficacy. They speak but to the air, and sow upon barren ground, till these outward teachings, are set forward, and seconded by the inward. They cannot dispose one of their hearers to con- sider and profit by their doctrine as they ought; nay, even those hearers cannot dispose themselves to this, without the preventing and assisting grace of God. The creation to a spiritual, as well as to a natural life, is a work peculiar to him. And therefore here is the incomparable pre-eminence of our Teacher, the Son of God, that he not only spake as never man spake, but had the hearts of them to whom he spoke at his disposal; he could influence and incline them as he saw fit, and, by the secret operations of his spirit, purge and fit them for bringing forth that fruit, which no human power could produce; which no Prophet or Apostle, though immediately inspired by God, could pretend to; which even his own Divine discourses failed to effect, so often as he was not pleased to bestow that grace, without which, not only our's, but his preaching was in vain, and every man's hearing is and must be in vain." DEAN STANHOPE. THE BISHOP OF EXETER AND THE REV. I. COMYNS.—Some conversation has been excited by the Bishop of Exeter refusing to institute the Rev. Mr. Comyns. to the vicarage of St. Erths, Cornwall. It appears that the father of Air. Cornyn waited on the Bishop, requesting him to forego, on this occasion, the regular examination touching the competency of the Rev. Gentleman to discharge the duties of the living, and alleged the extreme nervousness of his son as a reason. The Right Rev. Prelate alleged the duty that rested upon him of knowing that the Rev. candi- date was duly qualified, and proposed, on account of the nervousness of Mr. Comyns, that he should be left alone, with writing materials and a Bible, and write an English composition on a text of Scripture which the Bishop would select. This proposal, however, not being accepted, at the expiration of three days the Bishop gave notice to the Chapter of his refusal to institute; an l as the Chapter had no wish to recommend, he communicated with the Archdeacon of Corn- wall, as to who among the Curates in that county was best fitted for the vacant living, and finally installed the Rev. Mr. pnnnett, as the person most strongly recommended. A BISHOP'S PALACE.—On Christmas eve the Palace of the Lord Bishop of Bath and Wells pre- sented the most gratifying spectacle scores of the aged, infirm, and destitute, surrounded the mansion, and were liberally relieved according to their ne- cessities from his Lordship's hands, with various articles of wearing apparel, blankets, &c.; and of the latter article, we understand, nearly 100 were thus most benevolently disposed of.

TO THE EDITOR OF THE GAZETTE 4 GUARDIAN. Llandough, near Cowbridge, 8th Jan. 1834. SIR,-If the following very judicious, temperate, and sensible observations, extracted from the Charge of Archdeacon Lyall, as printed in the supplement to the British Magazine for December last, suit the columns of your very respectable and useful Journal, I should be glad to see them inserted in your next number. I remain, Sir, Your most obedient Servant, W. T. The Clergy no doubt are disposed to defend their property, like other men but how should this have the effect of rendering them hostile to improvements of any kind, that can be really shown to be improve- ments, which if they truly are such, will only add to their own influence and efficiency? The laity, to whom two thirds of all the livings in England belong, may be adverse to improvements, as likely to inter- fere with their rights of patronage. The Dissenters may be unfriendly to improvements in the Church, because they may think that the effect of them would be to strengthen an influence to which they already look with jealousy but how can this way of reasoning apply to the Clergy? Among all the plans that" have been proposed, I have seen none which does not pofess to respect the life-interests of the present possessors of Church property. And therefore, if the Clergy, as a body, are adverse to any sweeping plan of reform, it cannot be from any exclusive personal interest which they can be supposed to feel, from any selfish view which they may be suspected to take of their own immediate profit; for they lie under no temptation to this meanness—it can only proceed from an honest opinion, fonnded on their part, at last, upon some knowledge, that the Church is not in a state to re- quire any sweeping plan of reform. People talk of the property of the Church, as if were so much .property of which the nation had been defrauded--or which, at least, the state had given up and lost. Whereas, in truth, the property of the Church is the only property that the State has left to her. All other property is lost to the State, in every sense of the word. It belongs to individuals, not merely to be individually enjoyed, but even to be wasted or misapplied, if it should so happen, in any way that folly or selfishness may devise. But the property of the Church in the true though not in the strict legal sense of the word, is to all practical purposes still retained by the State for it is enjoyed under certain conditions of public service, and is appropriated to such uses exclusively as the State has prescribed. For what does the State virtually say ? It says that nine-tenths of the produce of the soil shall belong to individuals, to be disposed of without any direct reference to public objects of any kind. It may be sold, or dissipated, or go to the support of a child, or an idiot, or a person living in another hemisphere. The remaining tenth the law has said, shall not beat the discretion of individuals, but shall be tied up, as an endowment for the public, in order to obtain for ever an object in which the nation at large is interested. And what is this ob- ject ? Why, the greatest of all objects—that a people professing the name of Christ, and believing that there is no I other name given under Heaven, whereby men may be saved,' shall be instructed in the true meaning of the faith which they profess; and not be allowed to live and die in ignorance of the duties on which their eternal happiness de- pends. This is the use to twhich the State has appropriated that part of the property of the country, which is called Church property. And in what way has the State secured the great object here proposed' By the establishment of a parochial Clergy. That is to say, by dividing this property in such a way, as to secure to every parish, so far as this fund will admit, the residence of a person, upon whom the execution of this object shall devolve. In order that this person may be competent to fulfil the task assigned to him, the law requires that he shall have received the best and most expensive education which the country can afford. In order that he may be under no temptation to omit discharging the im- portant duty entrusted to him, the State lays claim to the whole of his time and talents, by expressly forbidding him to engage in any secular calling or profession. And that he may be prevented from neglecting the work allotted to him, Bishops and other officers have been appointed, whose express business it is to see, in the first instance, that the Clergy are possessed of the requisite legal qualifi- cations and afterwards that they duly discharge the duties which the state expects them to perform. "That wicked and godless men should treat the uses to which the law has appropriated the property of the Church with levity and rebuke, need not ex- cite surprise. It is natural that they who never think of religion at all, or think of it only with hatred and contempt, should see nothing in a Church establishments, except a system of tithes, church rates, and fees, and Easter dues just as a person who cannot read, might tell you that the book in which the word of God is written, contained nothing but black marks scrawled upon leaves of paper. But that Christians should so speak and think that whole bodies of men, who, like our Dissenters, have separated themselves from the Church, expressly that they might profess a more exclusive form of Christianity—that they should join the enemies of Christ in running down all religious «stablishn^^ merely as such, a'<d pollute their lips with the slang of scoffers, talking of the Church as a poly, and advocating, as we hear them d°>a/jji trade in religion, as men speak of a free corn or sugar, or any similar commodity; indeed to make a merchandize of the Word of ^} it is a signal example of the deplorable e"e<„rf. party spirit, both upon the heart and understandI '• Sure 1 am of this-—that if any improvemeD this effect can be pointed out, and shewn to be p ticable, there is no class of persons in the coUteJ) by whom they would be more zealously advoca j than by the Clergy as a body, and by the ParoCheCj! Clergymen especially. If the Clergy have not o> forward to enrol themselves among what are Church Reformers, it is not because they areJ,flle* to the defects that exist in some parts of j siastical system—such as are incident to aljfl»ul institutions—-or because they are innovation, merely as such. But it is becausf* all the schemes that have been proposed for ing the Church, they see no traces of any J except for carnal things; no zeal for the which concern the Gospel, but a sf^lt of ism only, which can discern no prospects in rel'S'o that lie beyond the interests of this present w°rr0. One person seeks to benefit his estate, and he P poses to do away with tithes; another seeks tbe the strengthen his party, and he proposes to turn 10 Bishops out of the House of Lords; a third the advantage of his sect, and his place is to abo/^ Church rates, and to obtain a share in marr,aJ^ and burial fees. But what has this to do the interests of Christ's Kingdom? How «s glory of God, and the salvation of mankind, c°. g cerned in schemes of this kind ? There May it reasons of state, such as they are, that is to say? ot may serve some end of temporary expedience of popularity, to diminish for ever the number to Bishoprics, and to appropriate their revenues tr1 secular uses. Whether in Ireland or in this count it is easy to understand why an owner of la should be willing to shift the burden of church-ra1 from his own shoulders, and make it a charge "Poo the tithes, and not upon the rent, as heretofore. will not stop to discuss the justice or generosity these or any similar propositions nor do 1 w's/1 .e qualify them by any offensive epithet; but we bav'e at least a right to protest against such being dignified with the name of 'Church efor To proposals such as these, the Clergy are not, all 1 hope, never will be parties. j, But if any measure of Reform in the Chur shall hereafter be brought forward, not inteU to promote the private benefit of individuals, the views of any particular sect or party, but haVJ pe tho singly in view the important object of rendering t t property of the Church more available than ill present to the spiritual interests of our people that that case, 1 think I may venture to prophesy, whatever opposition may then spring up from ot"1^ quarters, it will not be created by the Clergy-

UNIVERSITY INTELLIGENCE. OXFORD, JAN. 6. Congregations will be holden for the purpose of graD 1 jp Graces and conferring Degrees, on the following daYs ip the ensuing term viz. _A Tuesday, the 14th January; Thursday, the 23d i a Wednesday, the 29th. Thursday, the 6ih Febr" Thursday, the 13th; Thursday, the 20;h; and Thurso J the 27th. Thursday, the 6ih March; Thursday, the and Saturday, the 22d. No person will, on any account.be admitted as a date for the degree of 13.A. or iVt.A., or for that of without proceeding through Arts, whose name is n°? tered Jn the book, kept for that purpose, at the Vice C g( cellor's house, on or before the day preceding the day congregation. ° as On Tuesday, Feb. 11. a congregation will be holde" provided in the Dipeusation for intermitting the f°rnlS?re- exercises of determination, solely for the purpose ol ceiviug from the deans or other officers of their respeC colleges or halls the names of such Bachelors of ^rtS:ng have not yet determined; and their names not l,aV' £ been so signified to the house, and thereupon inser in the Register of Congregation, they may at any lJIîf tbe the same, or in any future term, be admitted to a" rights, and privileges to which they would have been titled by the intermitted forms and exercises. And every Bachelor of Arts is desired to take not that unless he has prroceeded to that degree on or m Thursday, February 6, his name cannot be insetted iu Register of Congregation during the present year.

THE MARKETS. CAIlDfFF. Wheat, 1081b. 18s. 0<ltoI9s. 0(1. Pjrk Barley 8s. Od. 9s. 01. Butter —lJ -jut 0*<s 2i. 4d. 2s. 8d. Salt do 3d„l Beef, per lb. Os. 4^1. 0s. 6d. Fowls, per couple 2s4il to Veal Os. 54<1. 0s. 7d. Ducks 2i 6 Mnfton 0s. 5d 0s- fid. Geese, per II) MliRTHYR. A S. d. s. d. d. '■ Fine Flour (281b).. 4 9to0 0 Beef.perlb. 0 5 gi Best Seconds 4 6 0 0 Mutton 0 6 » Butter, fresh, per lb 0 10 0 0 Veal 0 JJji Ditto, salt 0 8 0 0 Pork, per lb 0 4} 0 Fowls, per couple 2 0 2 6 Cheese 0 5 J 0 Ducks, ditto 2 6 3 6 Bacon per score 6 0 0 Eggs, per hundred 4 OtoO 0 Potatoes, per 71b.. 0 COWBRIDGE. „ 0 Wlieat(\V.bush.)6s. 6d.to0s. Pd. ) Veal 09 (tfl.to Barley ditto .0», Od. 3s. 6d. Pork 0s. 3^1 j Oats 0s. Od. 2s. 3d. Lamb .0s. 0d. Mutton (per lb.) 0s. 5d. os. 6d. Fresb butter. Os.—J- Beef 0s. 4d. os. 5d. Eggs (per dozen )s. NEWBRIDGE. od Wlieat(1681b)18s. Od. to 21s. 0d. Oats 8s. 6d. to °s" Barley 8s. 0d. to 10s. 0d. | —' SWANSEA. 1J Wheat (Winch.b.).. 7s. 2d. I Oats 2S' Barley 3s. lod. | Beans MONMOUTH. OD Wlieat 8s. 0 d. J Beans gd Barley 3s. 9 d. f Pease Oats 3s. 9 d. | ABERGAVENNY. JL Wheat £ 3 10 2J | Barley £ 9 a Oats ■— 0 oj Beans ° Pease 0 0 o | CHEPSTOW. JJ Wheat 46s. 7<l. 1 Oats 29s' Barley 26s. Od. | Beans BRECON. d toO Wheat (pr. bl) 7s. 6d.to7s. 9d. I Beef (per lb.) f' 6 Barley 3s. 6d. 4s. Od. Mutton 1 Oats. 4s. Od. 4s. 3d. I Veal Malt Od. 0s. Od. | Pork 0 Pease 0s. Od. 0s. 0d" Fine Flour(persack).. CRICKHOWEL. T Wheat, 801bbushel.. 8s. 6d. Vetches 0 Barley 4s. 6d. Pease Oats 0s. Od. I Butter, per lb •' CARMARTHEN. Ilå Wheat 5s. 6 d. I Oats U' Barley 2s. 9 d. | BRISTOL CORN EXCHANGE. PER QUARTIUl. FE j • s. d: ». d. *• a- o Wheat, Red. 43 o to 48 o Hye >-••• „ to 36 0 White 50 o to 52 o Beans tn 41 Barley, Grinding 22 o to 26 o Ticks 40 O Malting 28 0 to 30 o Peas, White ..55 ut ° Oats, Feed 17 o to 18 o Malt 52 Potatoe.. 21 o to 22 o PER SACK OP 2801b. r F Flour, Fine 39 0 to 41 o Seconds 36 o to 38 o Thirds. 24 o to 28 o Pollard, per ton 100 o to 105 o Bran 90 o to 950 PRICE OF LEATHER AT BRISTOL. I d. d. Crop Hides, per lb. 12toI8 Calf Skins V> English Butts 15 21 Best Pattern Skins 3* Buttaloes n 13 Common ditto Middlings 13 15 Heavy Skins, per lb..• L jfr Butts 14 21 CalfSkins, Irish Ja 20 Extra Strong ditto 18 21 Curried ••• J, 23 Best Saddlers' Hides. 16 18 Welsh \t 1» Shavedditto 14 18 Kips, English & Welsh.. > )9 Shoe hides 13 14 Shavedditto 1* Common ditto 12 13 Foreign Kips 'a [9 Bull ditto 12 13 Small Seal Skins Bull ditto 12 13 Small Seal Skins. 13 16 HorseHides(English).. 14 17 I Large ditto II 13 Welsh 13 16 Basils lg 1? German di'to 15 19 Foreign Shoulders .••• 9 Spanish ditto 18 22" —Bellies 1? Shaved do. without butts, Dressing HideSlioulders 1 j0 0s.6d.tol4s.tid.eaeh. Belli"' Horse Butts 11 13. MOON'S AGE. Full Moon, Jan, 25, at 10 morning. TIMES OF HIGH WATER AT THE FOLLOWING r" NEXT WEEK. c er:li" BRISTOL, jj SWANSEA, j, NEWPORT. MOKN. EVEN, j'MORN. EVEN. 11 MOKN.IEVEN. tf- DAYS. H M. H. M. H. M. H. M. !i H. M. H. M. H" I Sunday — 551 1 26 111 40 — VI — 30 1 — — V J Monday. ,| 1 58: 2 36 — 43 1 21 |i 1 33! 2 II 3 Tuesday 3 15 3 64 2 — 2 39 li 2 50| 3 29 3 4 9 Wednesday. 4 33; 5 4 3 18 3 49 4 8 4 39 5 Thursday.. D 34| 6 1 4 19 4 46 5 9' 5 36 P .J 6 .c. Friday 6 28 fi 57 5 13 5 42 6 3 6 32 6 1 Saturday 7 26| 7 49 6 11 6 34 7 1; 7 24 7 DJ MERTHYR TYDVIL Printed and PubljshJ^e" WILLIAM MALLALIEU, at the Office, H'G'1 S where Orders, Advertisements, Coiumunicati° ate requested to be addressed. are requested to be addressed.