The Glamorgan Monmouth and Brecon Gazette and Merthyr Guardian

ir''A F 0 E T R. TT. CHURCH AND QL'KKN !—ENG LAND TO THE RE SCI E. TI'NF.—Bine bonnets aver the border. H¡" ri,, England's Conservatives! "ow is the time to relieve her rliordcr- None, none, are tit representatives Till th. 11:o,p prov'd champions 1)1' order — Gaily \v"'ll sin™ mv lads Fii fnr diP Melbourne-Rails Manv alUull!3t ye ilre famous in story MOUNTED and READY thclI. Like England's merrv men, Fight for vour Queen, and your Church, as your glory. But — Mark.! what are yp trvin for- Neither the triumph of \\i-hi!2; or of TorY; Strike Strike (like yOl1r fathers when (Ivin,,) for England, Iwr charters, and Protestant Iory- Never shall \Vliic>rery, RulM bv O'Conncllrv, Throw our fair state into endless disorder— 0 -by the soil wp tread. Sooner dye it red— England hath sworn this, from border to border. M ireli! march SEE the old banners fly True to Victoria, thousands throng undcr; Strike home let the old battle-cry Swell ev'ry voice till it peals forth IN thunder. Foru ar,1 then, gallant men Whether from hill or GLEN GfJ in vour mi-rht, yet in pece and good order True t,) vour ancient law-i, Proud of your lofty cause. Church and Queen" echo from border to border'

SCUIPTCIU ILLUSTRA TlIJ\S. — ISO. 203. JUDGES, v. that are delivered from the noise of archers in the places of drawing At three in the afternoon we arrived at PI Arish- About an hour before we reached it, we stopped at some wells of fresh water, where we found a great ASSEMBLAGE of camels, and many Tarah«EI» Arabs, who appeared to stop all passengers. Thev entered into a violent dispute with our conductors, which we did not undertalld; but they took 110 notice of us. Thev presently levied a contribution on the other Arabs who accompanied us; and certainly we should have shared the same fate, HND. it not been for the appearance of out arms, as the chief followed us all the way to El Arisb, sur- vevin"' our BAGGAGE with the most thievish in quisiti v#ness."—h'by and Travels*

CHIT CHAT. Mr Coke has been created Earl of Leicester. Is not this one of the titles of the Marquis hend, a supporter of the present Cabinet? Call vou this backing your friends," my Lords Mel- bourne and Co.! The Queen Dowager gave directions to her suite and household to attend the drawing room in her state carriage. The noble- men and gentlemen were presented at the levee, and the ladies of the bedchamber and maids of Viononr nt the drawing-room A clergyman in a farewell sermon, observed that during- his resi- dence amongst his parishioners he had preached against every vice hut luxurious living, their delect in this particular he had no means of ascertaining. A subscription, says the Bon Sens, is about to he opened at Paris for raising a suitable monu- ment to the brave men who died on the field of battle at Waterloo. A committee is forming, of of which it is reported Marshal Soul! will be the president. The Birmingham and Liverpool Uailway was partially opened to the public last week, as far as Boxmoor. The first train smarted at ten o'clock, when twelve carriages.containing about 2 10 passengers, left the station at the back of Euston Square,undera salute of musketry. SirThomas Overbury says that he who has nothing to boast of hut illustrious ancestors, is like a potato, the only good part of him is under ground. It may now be considered as certain that by the end of September the iron railroad will be opened on the one side to on the other toTirlemont. It is also certain that by the end of the year it will he carried as far as Liege.-Hrus.els pr;"er,- We have heard that Dr Hampden, Regius Professor of Divinity in the Protestant University of Oxford, is and has been earnestly exerting himself in favour of "r tonor, the Roman Catholie candi- date for that county. We cannot believe it — John Bull-A lady wrote this letter to her husband "[write to YOII, because I have nothing to do; I end my letter, because I have nothing to say. Girdlestone. a custom-house officer, was on Thursday week fully committed to Newgate from Guildhall, on a charge of having plundered the ship Uh/ssein the London Docks, of property to a large amount. Lord Brougham's private audience with the Queen on Sunday has given rise to much surprise, it not being usual with ex- ministers 10 be so favoured while their colleagues continue in office.—Morning Herald. DEFINI- TION 010' A DRUNKARD — A pious divine of the old school says, a drunkard is an annoyance of modesty, the trouble of civiLity, the caterpillar of industry, the tunnel of nealth, the brewer's agent, the alehouse benefactor, the beggar's companion, the constable's trouble, the woe of his wife, the scoff of his neighbour, his own shame, a walking swill-tub, the picture of a beast, and the monster of a man;" — Among the splendd equipages on Monday week of the Foreign Ambassadors at the prorogation, the most remarkable for their richness and decorations, were the carriages of the Russian and Turkish ministers. The Young" Duke of Roxburgh is created a peer of the realm, and will sit in the Upper House bv the t i tl e of Earl of Innes. Mr Coke of Norfolk i as yet the only commoner on whom the Queen has bestowed a patent of nobility; his new titles are Viscount Coke and Earl of Leicester At the Kvlesof Bute, on Tuesday week, a whale, forty feet in length and twelve in breadth, was taken in a salmon net by the stewards of Arthur Scoulen. Esq. It was afterwards taken to Glasgow, and exhibited in the cattle market. SAMJTA- TloN. The salutatir. between Mr Weller and his friend was strictly confined to the freemasonry of the craft; consisting of a jerking round of the right wrist, and a tossing of the little finder into the air at the fame time. We OIlC knew two famous coachmen (ihey are dead now, poor fellows) who were twins, and between whom an un- affected aud devoted attachment pxisted. They passed each other on the Dover road every day, for I wont v-four years, never exchanging1 any other greeting thau this; and yet, when one died, the other pined awav, and soon afterwards followed hi.n !—Pickwick Papers.

CF.MENT.—The following receipt for a cement is civen in one of the scientific journals of France. Steep an ounce of isinglass for twenty-four hours in half a pillt of spirits of wine, thell dissolve it over a slow fire, keeping it covered, that it may not evapo- rate; then take six cloves of garlic, previously pounded in a mortar, and squeeze the juice through liueu into the isinglass cork the whole together for a short time, and the mixture will cement either glass or crystal. DIAMOND.—The diamond is pure carbon, or charcoal crystallized. 11 is among the rarest of all known substances, and carbon is among the most abundant. We can have a roomful of pure carbon tor sixpence, but a bit of pure crystal iized carbon the size of your thumb is worth many thousand pounds. You drink diamonds when you drink soda- water; hut you drink them in the form ot gas. Mr Faraday has succeeded by immense pressure, in reducing carbon frolll the gaeous to the liquid state; but it must he kept in a glass tube, hermeti- cally scaled. The moment it conies in contact with ibe alf11ophere, it aain assumes the gaseous form, Diamond require great heat to burn it; but when it does bum, it cousurues utlerly. lis whole substance changes iuto that kind of gas which is pumped into soda-water, and is produced natupally in champagne. SINGI/LAR DISCOVERY—ARSENIC IN CANDLES. —At the meeting of the Medico-Botanical Society, Earl Stanhope in the chair, Mr Everitt.the professor of chyiuistry, made some remarks respecting the tests for arsenic and afterwards demonstrated its presence iu the composition candles. Having- fully proved the existence of the poison in the candle, in the propor- tion of at leallt two grains ill each (aud he stated his belief that fourgraills were a morecorrect statement,) he then proceeded to assign a reason for its use. Candles which are made of tallow have too low a melting point to admit of the use of a curved wick. Steriue or spermaceti, either of which has a much higher melting point, is therefore employed iu making the composition candles, and to prevent its running iato grain or crystallizing, a certain quantity of wax was added, which it was found would fully answer the purpose. It waj, afterwards discovered that IS small quantity of arsenic would effect the same object, and, it being considerably cheaper, it was adopted into use. The Professor further stated, that when he had made the discovery, and it had become bruited abroad, his opinions were confirmed by two or three manufacturers.who acknowledged using the poison. He left it to the members of tbe profession to determine whether arsenic thus volatilized, and coming in contact with the lungs, would prove deleterious. Judging t'"°™ lhe eficcu of other gases, be thought it would be injuiious.

■ — TO THE I DITOR OF THE GAZETTE & GUARDIAN. record of another of those painful and hearl-rendim; accidents, which but too frequently occur in mining districts. Without occupying your valuable space with preliminary observations, I proceed at once: first, to consider the conditions of the danger of explosion in a mine; and secondly, notice the best llIet huds of yellt i lation, pr aClised by the most experienced miners. First, the explosioll in amine, arising from gas being ignited by lightening, very rarely occurs, aud should rather be considered by tbe miner, as a possible CA»E than a probable one Secondly, if any part of a wrought mine be laid «a«te; and, perhaps, ne- cessarily left unventilated, the GAS will venerate, accumulate, and there remain in a stagnant-stake, until some concussion of the air takes place in the mine, and forces out upon the naked caudles the hvdrogeii gas. This has been a source of many accidents, alld therefore should be as much as pos- sible guarded against. There will almost una- voidably occur some circumstances that will render it needful for the most judicious manager thus to leave a part of the mine that has been wrought. unventilated, that he may carry his air more efficiently into the working part; but such circum- stances should be provided for, and if possible avoided. The concussions of the air arise from stones falling from the roor of the rnifl, alld some- times from something vei V large failing down the shaft. In my next I shall say more on this part ot the subject. Thirdly, when any part of a working- mine becomes so foul, that it would be hazardous to go into it with a candle, then DANGER is near and that in proportion to the extent of the inaccessible part. This may occasionally occur in the BEST conducted mint*, and would seem to have been the case at Blaina. When, however, this does happen, the agent should have the entrance well railed oir, or otherwise guarded, against llie ENTRANCE ot strangers aud thoughtless men and boys. Fourthly, "hen lhe comes off from some unperceived avenue, upon the miners'naked caudles, and in a state undiluted and unmixed, or in this state should come on those stationary lights so oftclI fonnd in mille, or "hould it come upon the furnace in this state, then immediate danger is the resuit. This sort ot danger cannot ill many cases be observed the eaulious agellt or miner ought always to keep a good look out, by I frequently examining his candle ;IND his air. Fifthly, if the wind be found from the S.W., or the weather be hazy, or very hot, theii, generally, the mine ig ill d dangerous "tate or condition. More of Ihe lIydroget;ga. will be seen upon the candles, and the furnace will be less capab'e of doing lis office, as a necessary acnt in ventilation; because of Ihe rarefaction of the atmospheric air. Thrll otlK-r, aud, if possible, extra eXHtiGII" should be made to ensure safety, and carry otf the noxious gas. Sixthly, attention should be paid to the perfect state of the lamps, a also to their cleanliness and freedom from oil. Every person, havilt charge of the lamps or mine, should see and examine them every day, before they are used, and, besides, should see (hem often duriBg the day. LeI Iwl boys huve charge of the limps, nor lei them be stationed where any fall of coal or stone is likely to take plac«; neither should they be put so a* to come in contact with any tub, corf, or tram. Seventhly, if any mine hecome n foul as to render it ulIsafe to have candles, then none should persist in using them, but lamps should be got immediately. Nor should any lw disposed to pendst iu tryin how far they can go wilha light ere the gas takes the candle, unless it be in a place where no serious result shall happen. N'or should lamps be USED in too dangerous places, unless absolute need demand iI, and then they should be often changed or, if it be absolutely necessary 10 work in such places, perhaps steel mills might be employed with moresafety. Eighthly, every agent of a mine should be a man of judgment, sober, and cautions. It has beell kllown that some men tiave been put in charge of men's lives, &CY when they have been very unfit; but for some sinister motive, they have been put there, aur!the men H IVE often felt a reluctance lo speak out against them; but every man should labour to put an end to such proceedings speedily. These, Sir, form the chief sources of danger to a mine igniting there are others, hut then they generally arise out of carelessness, or out of some unforeseen circumstance which cannot be avoided. Every miner should remember it is good to be carefully atrentive to every c!;¡lIgerou8 condition 01 the mine, uot forgetting that his owulifeis precious, and nlany other precious lives depeud 011 his Cdre. I "hall resume this subject and labour to notice the best method of ventilation. I am, Sir, Yours respectfully, THOMPSON. TAFF Vale Iron Works, July 4th, 1837.

The Address of the Society of Quakers to the Queen is C. document of no ordinary interest. The simplicity and piety of its tone are in a certaiu sense as conventional as the more gaudy langnage of other addresses; but, whell plain souse appears clothed in plain words, we do not ask what are the motives of the speakers, but are at once struck with the superiority of unadorned truth to the verbiage of courtly rhetoric. The following was the address:— To Victoria, Queen of the United kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, and the dominions thereunto belonging. May it please Ihe Queen. Ie We, thy dutiful and loyal subjects, members of the religious society of Friends comrnonlv called Quakers, and representing 'hat body in Great Bri- tain and Ireland, are anxious to take the earliest opportunity of thus expressing our cordial and faithful attachmeut to our Queen. We sensibly feel the loss of our late beloved Monarch King William IV.; we look hack upon his reig-II a" a period of no common importance in tlie history of our country, marked as it has beeu by the extension of civil and religious liberty, by mercy and compassion to the guili y, and by the recognitions of the rights of our enslaved fellow-subjects. We rejoice in these features of his government, as evideiK cs of the increasing sway of Christian prin- ciple in ilie legislation ot our country. "Under feelings of thankfulness to Almighty God we offer to thee, our Queen, on ihy accession to the throne of these REALMS, our sincere congratulations on the prevalence of peace abroad and tranquiility at home. May nothing be permitted to interrupt these blessings, and may the conviction more ulld more prevail, that war is alike unchristian and impolitic. "Convinced as we are that the religion of Jesus Christ, our Lord and Redeemer, is the only foundation for the true happiness of man, and the prosperity of a people, and that it is the sacred bulwark to any Government, our prayN~ to God is, that it mav be the stability of thy Thro and may influence all tl;. deliberations of thy council. "He pleased, 0 Queen, to accept our earnest and heartfelt desire that thou mayest seek for heavenly wisdom, to enable thee to fulfil the arduous duties which in the ordering of Divine Providence thou art thus early called to pcrfoi UI. Mayest thou live iu the fear of God, and may he incline thy heart to k ^EP his law, and richly endow thee with the grace of his H'dy Spii it, and at length, when the days of thy delegated trust on earth arc ended, mayest thou, through the mercy of God in Christ JeMus, enter upon an inheritance incorruptible and undefiled, and that (aneth not away." Her Majesty returned the following gracious answer :— I thank you for your condob nee upon the death of his late Majesty, for the justice which you reuder to his character, and to the measures 01 his reign, and for your warm congratulations upon IllY acces- sion to the throne. 1 join in your prayers for the prosperity of ;.NY reign, the best security for which IS to be found in reverence for our holy religion, and to the observ- ance of its duties."

The Great Western Steam ship, of 400 horse power, built for the purpose of running BETWEEN Bristol and New York, was launched at former place on Wednesday last. The namber of persons who attended to witness the lauuch must have been upwards of 20,000. FLINT IN VEGETABLES.—It is curious, and hitherto inexplicable, that flint, which is one of the most intractibie of all substances with which the chemist has to deal, makes its way by some MEANS or another into the substance of the tenderest plants and it becomes visible aud tangible upon the surface of some phmis. Two pieces of common cane, when struck together, will produce flashes ot fire like Iwo flints. The reason is that there is abundance of flint upon the surface of cane. Many beautiful specimens are brought from abroad of fossil wood, where the whole substance of the wcod has been replaced by flint, leaving the form just what it was, so that the gianulatiou, the knots, the fibres, are all the same in appearance as they were in the tree, but the whole is no longer wood but flint, cal able ot the highest polish. No one can conceive bow this happens, we only kuow that it is so. -C ROMAN CATHOLIC FLEDGES. THE speech of the Rev. Dr, Croly,at the Anniver- sary of the City of London Conservative Association, has been published, in an enlarged and cheap lorm. distribution. It contains a complete exposure of the dishonesty of the Papists, on evidence the most irrefragable. Never in the annals of public ill-faith, "AS th-re a more palpable, repulsive, and bare- faced breach of every thing- in THE sViape of ob ig<- lion, False in letter, in spirit, and ou principle, are the men with whom we have to deal. The state- ments of this little pClmphlet are not those of their enemies but of themselves. They have sworn and re-sworn: here are their own words—For fifly YEARS they have desired to be judged by their own words, and the moment they were trusted by our national credulity they betrayed. There was absolutely no interval. Such was the eagerness of their perjury that they had scarcely trod on the floor of the House of Commons, when TH^Y broke every PLEDGE with an actual outcry of scorn at the country for having believed; and have thus gone on with additional scorn and additional perjury-more than funic faith conspiring with more than Irish vengeance. We request attention to the following extracts :— WE first come to the succes-ive, solemn, and authorised pledges of the Iomau Catholic body, j previously to the Act of Emancipation in 1820 "Tlw Roman Catholic body originally assumed a form in Ireland in the middleof the last crtil ury. In Catholics of Ireland,' framed by one of their bishops, Dr. O'Keeffe, and their principal laymen; which, amongst other principles, pronounced the following: lace of our country, ol ai' Europe, aud before God, we make this, our delioe- rale and solemn declaration. It has heeu oh. jected to LIS, Ihilt we wish 10 subvert tlw p: esrnt Church Establishment, for the purpose of substi- tuting a Catholic establishment in its stead. Now we do hereby disclaim, disavow, and solemnly abjure any such intention. And further, if we shall be admitted into any sharc af the Constitution, by OUI" being reslored to Ihe of the elective (rauchise, we are ready in the most, solemn manner to declare, that we will not excercise that privilege to disturb aud weaken the establishment of the Pro- testant religion, or Protestant government, in this country.' tion to the Irish parliament, containing these words: WTe solemnly alld conscientiously declare, that we are satisfi d with the present condition of our ecclesiastical polity. VVitli satisfaction we acquiesce in the establishment of the national church. We neither repine at its possessions, nor envy ils dignities. We are ready, on this point, to give every assurance that is binding upon man. ill conformity to the Act of Parliament, contained the alld solemnly abjure any intention to subvert the present ('hurch Establishment, for ihe purpose of substituting a Calholic establishment ill ils s'.ead. Aud 1 do solemnly swear, that I will not exercise any privilee to which! am, or may UeeOIlIt>, en- titled, to disturb or weaken Ihe Protestant religion and Protestant g-overulllcnt ill this kingdom.' By this oath they obtained the elective franchise. "In 1S05, their petition to ihe parliament of the United Kingdom contained these words: • Your pel itiouers most humbly si ate, that they have solemnly and publicly taken the oaths by law prescribed to his Majesty's Roman Catholic subjects, as tests of political and moral principles. Your petitioners leave to represent, thai, by those awful tests, they bind themselves, in the presence of the All- seeing Deity, whom all classes of Christians adore, to be faithful, and bear true allegiance to their MOST gracious sovereign, &E. 1 hat they have dis- claimed, disavowed, and solemnly abjured every illtelllÎoll to subvert Ihe present Church Esta- blishment, for Ihe purpose of substituting a Catholic establishment ill its stead and that they have, also, solemnly sworn that they will not exercise any privileg-c to which they are, or nMY become, entitled, (0 dislurb or weaken the Proteslaut rcl;g10u or Pretestant government of Ireland.' This was a petition for seats iu parliament. In 180B, the petition of the Roman Catholics to the British Parliament still more iu detail pledged them 10 the original declaration —'Your petitioners most soleuruly declare that they do not seek, or wish, in any way to injure, or ellcroach upon, the rights, privileges, posscsiul1s, lJr revenues, ap- perluiuiug 10 tile hishopsaud clergy ofllw Protestant religion, as by law established, or to the churches committed lO their charge,or uny of them.' "Their petition of 1812 again renewed the pledge We have solemnly "WOlïl IllUl we will not exercise any privilcgc 10 vhÎd, we are, or lIIay become, entitled, to disturb and weaken the Protestant religion, or Protestant government in Ireland. We can, with perfect truth, assure this honourable house, that the political and moral principle, as- serted by these solemn and special tests, are not merely in union wiih our fixed principles, but expressly inculcated by the religion which we pro- fess. We can atlirui, with perfect sincerity, that we have no latent views to realise, no secret or sinister objects to uttaill, "The petition of 1t>26. to parliament, thus expressed itself: 'Your petiiioners seek not the destiuction, but the enjoyment of the constitution; and, in the pursuit of that desire, they do uot, by any means, 'or expect,' 'or wish,' that a single individual of their Protestant fellow-subjects should be deprived of any right, privilege, liberty, or immunity, of which he is at present possessed. rhelrish Roman Catholic Association addressed the people of England in the same year in these words: 'Far from meditating the overthrow or destruction of Ihe Protestant government, and Pro- testant establishment of the empire, we are ready toswear, as we already do swear, to support.' &c. &c, (Here follows the oath.) We are accused of intending to overthrow the Church Establishment, whilst we contribute to uphold its spleudour and its power.1 "In the same year, the pastoral address of the Roman Catholic archbishops and bishops of Ireland thus reinforced the declaration, on the part of the clergy; The Catholics of Ireland disclaim, disavow, and solemnly abjure, any intention to su bvert I he present Church Establishment, for the purpose of substituting a Catholic establishment in its stead. anO, further, they swear that vhey will not exercise any privilege to which they are, or may be, entitled, to disturb and weaken the Protestant religion and Protestant government in Ireland.' The archbishops and bishops add, "emphatically, ihis full and authentic declaration, we approve, subscribe, and publish," &c. "The British Roman Catholic Bishops published a declaration, in tlie same year, containing these words: 'He who take" au oath is bound 10 ob- serve it in tte obvious meaning of the word., or in the known meaning of the person to whom it is sworn. British Catholics are charged with enter- taiuill a pretended right to the property of the Established Church in Ireland. We consider such a charge to be totally without foundation we tie- el ire that we entertain \10 pretension to such a claim. We regard all the revenues and tempora- lities of the Church Establishment as ihe property of those on whom ihey are settled by the laws of the land. We disclaim any right, (itJe, or preten- sion, with regard to the "Thus we have the whole Roman Catholic popu- lation, and every part of successively pledging themselves, before God and man, to avo d all injury, of whatever kind, to the Established Church— neither to usurp its titles, nor diminish its property, nor break down its constitution. The Homish clergy, the Romi*h Association, and the laily in general, are all equally aud solemnly bound by the strongest possible forms of expression, to pay the Proiestant Tithes; and all those forms lie; con- centred and consummated IN the Oath of security taken by their parliamentary representatives on the passing of the EMANCIPATION Bill: t do swear, that I will defend, to the utmost of my power, the settlement of property within this realm as jstablished by the and I do hereby disclaim, disavow, aud solemnly abjure any inten- tion to subvert the present Church Establishment as settled by law within this realm and I do "olellluly awear.thati never will exercise any privilege to which I am, or may become entitled, to disturb or weaken Ihe. Protestant religion, or Protestaut government, IN the United Kingdom.' "By this oath every object that could be com- prehended an honest ambition was put within reach of the Roman Catholic. All the old barriers were cast down; parliament, the peerage, the pro- fessions. HE was made tree of all the departments of ability and energy in general life. The Church alone was protected 10 whose inviolable security he had voluntarily SW ORN aud resworn with increas- ing zeal through haif a century of asseveration. "Cuuld it be believed; had we not been eye-wit- nesses of the event; that the Church became, from that instant, the principal and universal object of Romish attack? I hat even all the prizes of its new career were tnaoe contingent to the individual on the virulence alld daring of the attack? That every Kouiish beggar who wished to exchange hip bank. ruplcy for opulence; every hopeless candidate for Parliament; every struggling barrister; every man who coveted to live on government bread, from a chancellor down to a police coulabc, was expect- ed to give trial of his fitness for Romish patronage, by his audacity against the Church. A id this sys- telll is aciion at this hour. Po- pery is nowsupreme ill patronage. Ail the otlieps of diguitv or emolument in Ireland are rapidiy tailing into Roman Cal;loîc hands. Bat the Church still lingers in existence and this sight sours the whole revel. Wliat avail allthusc things' lo the Hamau, while the Mordecai, however in beggary and naked- ness, sitteth at the gate.' ''What has been the fulfilment of this universal pledge' An universal, ostentatious, and couternp- tnou-t conspiracy to violate all il" obligations? What has been the history of Ireland, ince 1 but a proclaimed war against the property of the Churchin Ireland? What measure of spoliation have ils Popish representatives in Parliament ever resisted, or what have they not sustained, if not orh.6natetl, \11 every form of vOIP, haran\{ne, and menace 10 millilers? What has beeu tl", summer employment of their orator-, but lours of Irish airitation? Wh.it has been tll ir employment in England, but perpetual lihels on the character of the establishment, and violent demands lor its over- throw? Wli.-it is the declared principle on which ihey sustain the presPllt ministry, but that of u public compact for the overthrow of the Irish Establishment? The flet i,¡ (lnt denied—it isopenlv exulted in. How glorious,'exclaims one of its most confidential and intelligent leaders, in his speech to his constituents, that we put the Toriesout of otlice, by a resolution on the Irish Church, and the great principle of the seclllllr appropriijtion of church Aud on '.his single declaratory principle, not merely have the late Ministry been driven irnni olHce, but tlie present Ministry have been kept in. '• 'The Irish party,' says ihe same speech, met at Lord Lichfield's.' The result was, a complete amnesty—a most unqualified reconciliation. And neli, and some other members, was mainly instru- mental in bringing it about. Lord J<>hn Russell was called to our head; and we stood before Sir Robert Pee1, the most firm, the most united, the most con- centrated hody that ever appeared ill Thus, it is now as openly acknowledged, as it was once bitterly denied that the actual exclusion of Sir Robert Peel's cabinet was not. for English interests, nor even for Wiiigpvincip.es—that it was neither for England, nor by English hands; but that it was by the Irish Roman Catholics in Parliament, under the direct influence of Mr O'Counel!, and ihe price, Church Tobbc.rp. That conspiracy involved the famihin of ::WOD Prcte>ölant Clcry. Who can wonder at the rejoicings of the whole troop of regenerators over so abundant a banquet ot human misery? Who can doubt the sudden ardour of the; patriotic glance, that saw before it so broad a visia of the prison and the g-ra\e? The Ministry were overwhelmed by ibe opposi- tion thus recruited and we have the equally open declaration, that by this new force alone iheir suceessors tire now sustained. 'I have,'says the speech, 'seen the conduct of the Ministry, for I have watched it narrowly; and I, for one, will co- operate vith Daniel O'Conncll, in lending my aid to support and maintain it the place it now Would no! all this be pronounced the most con- temptuous of libels on an English cabinet; it it were 1101 uttered by the hot sincerity of lips too proud of their success to care how they stung the feelings of any man? Here the whole administra- tion arc buried in the shadow ot ,VIr O'Connell. They may he suffered to go through the routine of tbe day, but it is only as substitutes aad subsi- diaries. He is the Atlas! ''And this is an English cabinet !t With one of the orators to lead it in front, and another to watch it in Ihe rear; one to drag the animal by its length of ears, and another to scourge it behind on the first symutom of deviation,—what is wanting to the burlesque of ministerial independence, this peace at peril of the whip, this haudeutied liberty, this mill-horse freedom of Yo ill ? "Again, let Englishmen remember the condition of the compact; it is, the secular appropriation, of flic whole Chvrch property of Ireland,'—in other words, the confiscation of the entire income by which exists the Proiestant establishment, — not less the great instrument of English connexion, than of religion, iu Ireland. Oil this so'e principle, they are authentically told, that their govern: lent is fabri- cated; that for this sole purpose it is kept in exist- ence by its fabricators; and that on the first hesita- tion to do the whole will of those fabricators, the hand that has plucked it up by the locks from its primitive obscurity, and holds it there in contempt of the feelings of England, will instantly let it go, and leave it to perish by its own alacrity in sinking. "The policy is rapidly becoming practica!; the condition of the Irish clergy is hurrying into pauper- ism by the hour; the peasantry, every man ot whom was pledged by the liomiiu Catholic body, fifty I Years ago, to pay his tithes, have been commanded not to pay them their parliamentary representatives, every man of whom was additionally pledged by his solemn oath to uphold the laws in this especial in- stance, boastfully vindicate the command. And now the whole of Ihe Romish prelacy place their usurped I I itles at the head of a declaration against the property of the Irish Church. VV'' find, in the Irish papers, a the Archdiocese ot I uatu, held at West port, on the 23rd of May, to consider the provisions of'tlie New Ministerial Church Hill. The Roman Catholic I Archhi-hop, Dr. presided; ninety priests of the district, including curates, bcill ill attendance. Resolutions were adopted, of which the following are extracts: Besolved, That we deeply sympathise with our faithful flocks, in the grief uu^ mortification thev have experienced at the otter prostration of the hopes which they entertained of the abolition of the tithe system; and that we shouid be undesei ving of the confidence whichthey have uniform] v reposed in us, if we did not participate in their feelings. That a* it was not by vague com- plaints, but by loud remonstrances, as well as by active exertions, the Catholics of Ireland wrung tardy justice from their enemies, they ought still to persevere in this legitimate and constitutional line of conduct, which has been already so success- ful. '"Resolved, That in no country of ancient or modern times, does history offer to our contempla- tion grievances more uiiparallolod than those which are embraced in the words,! he Protestant establish- ment of Ireland. "'Resolved, That to clear the ground of all the encumbrance that retards the growth of justice in this country, we shall petition the legislature- to appropriate the tithes and Church lands to national purposes.' Is this chance, or principle ? "Hallam, the most laborious nnd accurate of' modern historians,aud a r.eclared Whig, thus records j the principles of as to rillcpianccs and oaths:— lo the canon liw it is expressly declared, that subjects owe no aVeniaucc to an excommunicated monarch, if, after admonition, he is not reconciled to the church.' "'Domino excommunicato manente, subditi fide- litatem non debent. Et si longo tempore in ea per- stiteiint., ct monitus non parent ecelesia:, nb ejus debito absolvuntnr,' (Decretal, lib. v. tit. ,7. cap. 13-) '■'The Rubric, on the deposition of l-rederic H ill fhe couucil of Lvons, "erts, Ihat 'the l'ope may- dethrone the Emperor 'or legitimate causes.' Papa imperatorem deponere potest ex causis legitimis. (Lib. xi. tit. 13. cap. 2. "The historian proceeds. 'Two principles are laid down in the Decretals—that rm oath disudrciii- taqcous to the church is not binding and, that one extorted by force is of slight obligation, and yiay be annulled by ecclesiastical authority. As the firs; of those nnxirns gave the unlimited privilege to the popes uf brcrfhillfl all faith oJ treaties ,hfch thwarted their interest or passion-u privilege which they continually cxerciscd, so the second was equally convenient to princes weary of observing engagements towards their subjects or neighbours. Thus Edward I. sought, at the /ia>id<s of Clement V. a dispensation from his oath to observe the great statute agaisl arbitrary taxation. "«Juramentnm contra utiU(A,EM ecclesiasticam priestitun rnon tenet. (Decretal. jih, xi. tt, 24. cap. 27. Et. Sext. lib. i. tit, II. cap. I,) A juramento per metum extorto ecc!esia 50lel absolvere, et (jus Iransgre-sores ut peccautes moriahter, non punientur. (End. lib. et tit. cap. 15.) The whole of this title in the Decretals upun oaths seems to have given the firt opening to the lax casuistry °f succeeding times.' He adds, that 'it was in conformity with this sweeping principle of ecclesiastical utility Urban YI. made the follow- ing solemn and general declaration against keeping faith with hereticsf 'It beillg- understood/ says the pope, that confederations 'h's order, leagues, and bonds, or conventions, lIIade with heretics or schismatics of this kind, after they have become such, are rash, illicit, alld, ill their nature, lIull, evcn though they should have been made before the lapse of the party into heresy or schism, however they may he confirmed by oath, or by faith pledged, or corroborated by apostolic confirmation, or any other confirmation whatever, alter they have become schismatics, as aforesaid.' (Rymer, tit. 7, p, 3:)¿,)"

ASSENT OF THE ROYAL NASSAU BALLOON FROM VAUXHALLGARDENS. MELANCHOLY TERMINATION OF THE P A It A- rmTH EXPERIMENT. Yestcrdy being the time APPOINTED for the essay of a novel machine, by which a descent was to be effected from th" balloon when at a considerable altitude, the Gardens, long efore the hour specified presented a most animated ó\j)pearallce, Indepen- dently of the numbers congregated, the quality of THE company was altogether more distiiu/ncc than we remember 10 have \i t nessed upon any former occasion oflhis descriptinlO, At an early hour the visitors Hockcd from all quarters. Kenningtou-lane was thronged with ELEGANT equipages, and in the eit- closure were to LIE semi their owners, consisting of some of the chtc of THE fashionable world. The tillle which had elapsed since an attempt to descend by a parachute, and more particularly the novel CIIII. struction of that which was yesterday exhibited, added to the perilous nature of the teat intended to be achieved, bad combined to cause all unusual ex- citement in the pub'ie mi.id. Curiosity, however. induced all assembled to bear the delay which occurred with great good temper; and to attribute it to the right cause, which, in justice, to Messrs. Hughes and Gye, the respectable, proprietors of the gardens, we feel it our duty to slate was a laudable anxiety. 1st. That Mr Cocking should not ascend if be felt in the smallest degree doubtful as to his sllcces; and, secondly, that if he did, every possible precau- tion should be taken, himself (ML Cocking) super- intending thdt no defect or oversight in any of the mi nut IRE should endanger his safety. So averse were they to he considered as urging hilll to the attempt that at the last moment, and even for several d >vs previously, they had not. only en- deavoured to dissuade hilll, but actually, when the preparations were (,ol1e1uded, offered to make an apology to the company, return the money paid at the doors, and take upon themselves all the con- sequences which might arise from the disappoint- i i t. The unfortunate inan as, however, unhap- pily so wedded to his own theoretical project, as tone resolute in his determination, and at about half-past seven o'clock the balloon (coIPuil1ill AIR Green and Spencer, his solicitor, having previ- ously been suffered to ascend a snfbcient height exactly over the parachute to attach the latter by a single cord to the car) the ropes which had re- struincd the balloon were released, and the whole mounted nearly perpendicularly at first, into the air, amidst the plaudits of assembled thousands. The beauty of the eveninii; and the intensity of ttie interest excited, conspired to render the assent one of the most majestic ever witnessed. Tile balloon, with the parachute, were visible for several minutes, passing directly over the Thames, and apparently taking the direction of Bayswater and Acton- Shortly afterwards they appeared to enter a cloud, and became lost to sight. The com- pany began to separate, and, mingling ''lith the er()\\f\ congregated around, and in every AVENUE leading to, the gardens, formed a tableau cirant of high file and low-lile in not (infrequently amusing juxtu-position. All, nevertheless, seemed, hieing homewards -impressed with different notions of the resnl t, but the prevailing-opinion, particularly amongst the humbler classes, appeared to be that some accident or misfortune would occur. WE grieve at being compelled to turn from this scene of amusement and mirth, and record the disastrous conclusion. A gentleman on horseback felt so interested in the fate of the unhappy adventurer that he contrived to follow so nearly the course taken, that he was within a short distance of the spot where the separation was effected, and through his information we are enabled to stale that the parachute fell in a field at Lee, in Kent. At first it maintained its proper position, and appeared fully capable of offering sutlicient resistance to the air to sustain the weight of itself and cargo withollt dangerous rapidity but it afterwards lost its]posi tion, and descended with a frightful velocity. The body of the unfortunate Mr Cocking was found enveloped in the folds of the parachute, his head dreadfully fractured, and life totally extinct. Several medical gentlemen were in prompt at- tendance, who essayed every means in their power to restore animation, but in vain. It is conjectured that, in attempting to influence the course 01 his descent by some inflexion of his body the deceased occasioned the parachute to lose its equilibrium, and fracture the brass hoop which held it expanded. Mr Cocking possessed an inde- pendence, which placed him above the necessity of making stich an experiment for any prospect of emolument: indeed, VIE are cred bly informed he was not to be paid anything, but he had been studying the subject, and with a not uncommon enthusiasm thought he had attained certitude and perfection. He hIs left a widow to deplore his loss, BUT was without cliil(lren.Ilorning Post of Tuesday.

Di-.atii OF THE Bishop OF [Ifki.fokd.—On Monday last, died at his palace at Hereford, the Hon. and Right Hev. Dr. Edward Grey, Lord Bishop of that diocese. His Lordship's demise was very unexpected; he had only just returned from attending his Parliamentary duties; and, al. though indisposed, his ilIness was not considered of any importance, and lie had appointed the times and places for holding his visitations and confirmations for the present year. On Sunday morning, however, he was seized with inflammation, and, notwithstanding the best medical advice, died at seven o'clock the following morning. His Lord- ship, who was in his fifty-sixth year, lias left a family of fourteen children, the youngest of whom is only about a year and a half old. The Bishop was ele- vated to the episcopal bench, on the death of Dr. Isaac Hnntingford, in 1832, under the administration of his brother, Earl Grey; and the appointment was made in the most flattering manner by the late King. In politics his Lordship usually supported the Whigs, though of late he was much and strenuously opposed to those measures which have for their object the destruction of the Established Church, and the revered institutions of the country. The pretty lake of Cheda, celebrated in the annals of travellers to the valleys of Chamounv, has jost been destroyed by a considerable falling in of earth which had taken place liom the neigh- bouring mountains. In the stead 01 these WATERS once so pure, of this SURFACE so transparent, of this mirror of the summit of Mont Blanc, nothing but a heap of black mud and stones remain. This ca- tastrophe has not, however, injured the high road. Eleven Commandments.—Archbishop Usher once went in disguise and begged alms at a Curate's house. The Curate was out upon his duty; but his prudent wife somdly lectured the old man, though she gave hitO relief. For sha:ne old man, at thf'se years to GO begging; these are not the usual fruits of an honest, industrious, and godly life. Tell me, old man, how many commandments there are? The old man with seeming confusion, stammered out "eleven." I iliotizlit so," said she; "go thy ways, old IIlall; and here take this book with thee and learn thy catechism; and when next time YOU are ASKED say "ten." The Archbishop TOUT "HI* depart me, and had it formally announced that. > Ie should preach the next day in the parish CHU' .C|, Tbe morning came; little thought ihe GOOD V 0.RL j that tile Archbishop WAS the old alms BEIFG U- .I he t:'ave \\1"; text and COllllII(,lIt, "A new flt\ I give unto you, thai ye love one ANO' IIER "IT should seem." begins ihe sermon, <„Y ,|,JS ,EX, that there are 'eleven COMMANDING ? its. I fie old man was reconr,ISOI] • and tbe omair s wife acknow- ledged, with SOME shame lo her ,„IR .1 •E"1 that there was another, and a new commau' nnent Blackwood s Magazine. MAUR.AUF A Lottery ._0llr readers are a(t. qiiainted with the iai, freak of the man who made a lottery OT H;INSELF. The following has been the de OF this ingenious speculation, '.E • 'ich a provincial journal refers to the civil regis IRY 0F Lyons. The drawing took place in the direst manner possible, in presence ot a notary and of several witnesses. Mademo- iselle LR.phrasie B„ a young lady of -fortune at I-iyons, WON the young man. A singular incident OCCURRED agter the drawing had been decided, J B E young lady was still unaware of her own good fortune, when one morning A lady waited upon her in <1 state OF most painiuil OXCITEINENF, *4Save MY life JIademoi--elle How!" c. Cede YOllr ticket to roo. "What ticket T' The lottery ticket— the ticket for the young man." « OH, I had quite rorgottell it." 'I'licti, know, Nladenioitelle. tilat I lavo-that I adore hlln. I had taken 30 tickets; it was as much as my means would allow of my doing. My tickets are all blanks, yours is the only prize. Cede it to me, or you will cause my death." Madame," replied Mademoiselle Euphrasie, "there is a written clallse on the tickets that if the young man should not please me, or if I should not please the young man, we arc to divide tne 200,000 francs, and not to marry one another. This chance remains for you; as to my ticket, I shall keep it." An hour afterw ards the prize young man presented himself to Euphrasie; they were mutually satisfied, and lost no time in binding the conjugal knot. The lady who had been so anxious to obtain the tran-ler I of Enphrasie's ticket was a widow of Cai-eassontife, and is said to have destroyed herself. TJ)E yoting couple united by lottery ate spending their honey, moon at Ntabonne-—Constiliontwl,

AGRICULTURE, COMMERCE, AND LONDON MARKETS. LONDON COKN EXCHANGE. ■?. S. .<• •» Inferior RED Wlsent.. -I* A i,3 WHITE :t'» 1 .» 4. T'ine :•!) a Ii.' IK-an-S, S'ltalf 41 » >'• -17 I'uie (J 1 a iii Harrow — :f.. — .Superfine !•! X O.IU, L'VED -II « -S Malting tiiuiey i> « '.i'.i I'iiii; — a — ONINLINI. U,, a P.IHUIIL 21 N 'J-YE .1 ;J; IN, — » — M ITT 5 n TIJ L'olat'TT' :>li K • fine — a — iine — a — I'ciis, LT.12; I! a ran — A — Maple :i(> a '.Is t'oll.-uil, tine — a — J'lUCE OF HOI\S IN LONDON", I'LR (JWT. New t'ockcts. £ £ s B JS. £ 5 £ s Etsl Kent 4 JJ a (> IU I P,¡rn]¡"1I1 JKIII. ivent T 5 A (j 0 1 31 (I.Kent. ft) a 4 It* i, c x. 0 a IL II 0 J EA.T KENT. 4 0 a fi 0 Sasse* I" R 4 10 J Sns-ivx 0 II aU" I'lUUllalU If 0 (J (I J KSSCX II 0 H 0 0 SMITHFlKf.D VI \likKT PER stone OF to nink the offals. sd s d s d s i-l Inferior Beef 2 4 to 2 0 I I». im? Beef .4 H In 4 4 iJ.tto Mutt.2 ,s to II Ditto Motion .4 2 to 4 (■ At!(idling li' tf.. 3 8 to: 10 Veal 4 0 to 4 IO Initio Multoii 2 u* 4 II Hoik 4to4 Jit Initio Multoii 2 u* 4 II Hoik 4to4 Jit Jj'imb, 4-i 4d to ..j, 4U. LONDON COM. KXCHANGK. 2: n L ull lion's 23 3 Tanhel'! Moor I l f> st:e«..ri/' 23 tl Hr.nldyl's, W. K — n YV". L 22 fi Merlhyr — n t)I SON'S Uiitte: knowie 18 'J Nor mum bei laud — U \Nl) s. d 11. d. I'lpivco ,I| Saxony Woo', iron .42 TO ,R) 2 12(i II "'C 'II (i'LV .20 to 2 4; 't.ty in ;■>. K- T,i.-C-e ) ti to 2 T» lJui", MIMLII diiio 2 to O II j 11./ II .I r I ill sliee,A i ¡ 2 0 o 3 ti dil LO ■> 2 to 3 U ■SO. ut-i i ditto o il Lo 2 CL ~II•• onto ■> .J O >i) iu>li LIJn;t)'1 .1 t;t, 2 (, G -oiiiaii ami .sjmuiali .3 4 t.2to21,1 Vustralian, till-ero-isfd nai iVt: [It:L::S .2:,4 V; (i 2 t; m ilisti ditto ••»•♦•••••••••«, # 1 G o 3 II PIUt'KS OK Af!•['M.S. &c T'oppei — B. it. (";IKES, MIL «< 0 TL '1' Si II 0 Aiict- S, i (r lb 0 ft lit H >tt o!US () |) ||1 .501? B.r—ton Sll U io Id 10 (I J)o. Car^o in Wales J ion F L.I It V ,1 0 0 'I1* ton In II 0 bueets. suule ] 1 0 0 (Ociins in prupoition.) Foreign— Swedes', en Ini Oiii 12 ]o (ji A fur Steel, (v.u inks) Duty JOs. J ton ^10 0 (I iu 2.i 0 < per ton ) llussia com )o { P31 ton i:s in ». ccN 1) Lead, British I'i^s ton lp Stu-ci ty |„ w to.-i 21 o iii ton 2 i 0 l» \VI,ITO(,LIY) 3D 0 o Do. (i;A in oil) .ion 32 U O Litharge o.i v « roreimi—Spanish (dy■ 40* per ion) Inl ton 17 lli 0 Tin Jii iti,h—Hlotk-j cwt 4 0 (I Ul lJars ..cwt 4 2 0. I lat.es, common nc la n to' 1 12 0« to best, per n | jf, u to 1 18 U. I'ox. fx* 2 2 0 to 2 4 U> Wasters of the above Alks 3j less, all others G. less. (Oihers ill proportion.)

MOON'S AGE. NEW JVIOON, Aw. 1, nt 0 in the Afternoon. 'TY Printed and Published by J.IIIN CKAINGE, PrikMr, of High-street, Merthyr Tydvil, in the. Countr of Glamorgan, at the Office, High-street, Merthyr Ty civil; where Orders, Advertisements, Communications., &c- arc requested to be addressed.—Also, published it th-econ, by JOHN WII.UAM MORCAN, High-street, inferior, in the Chapelry of St. Mary, witliin the Parish of St. John's, in the County of Brecon. Saturday, July 29, 1637.

Lord Melbourne has done that, which no Minister has attempted since the accession of the present dynasty. He has changed the Ecclesias- tical Department of the Household. The Hishop of Worcester has been superseded by the new Bishop of "Norwich, the avowed and deel ared ad- vocate of the NEW Poor Law Biil. The Bishop of Worcester was unfortunately Clerk of the Closet during the reigns of King George the Fourth and King William the Fourth, and, according to the established custom, would have continued to hold that otlice during ilislife. This arrangement Lord Melbourne has upset, and the Bishop has been re- moved from the clerkship, which, considering the salary attached to the office amounts but TO^L per annum, can only be valuable as an honorary distinction; to this, therefore, the Poor Law Ad- vocate, Dr Stanley, is appointed. Tit! QT'I;i-s FIRST colifilsioil arose 011 Wednesday week, in consequence of the number of persons attendingthe first Levee which her Majesty has held. The sccue exceeded allythiuglhal ever perhaps took place in a British palftce. It is BELIEVED that upwards of 2 JOD persons were present, and the i ii-li and crowded state of the AVENUES and corridors, equalled what is sometimes witnessed at 'he minor entrances of a theatre on the benefit night of a popular artiste..Diamond buckles We. e broken aud lost; valuable orders and badges were torn from the wearers and we are told that more than one distinguished o-tieer was deprived of his lettes without committing' any breach of DISCIPLINE or the cercmony of a court-martial; another, still mere uufominate, is stated to have been deprived 01 his s WORD willlullt underiToing a similar ordeal, or the disgrace of surrpnd?riti!F it to an enemy. The question is, "Who's to blame?" \Ve hear, however, that regulations will be adopted to prevent a recurrence of such irregularities ill future. The following WAS the answer of QUEEN Elizabeth, to her Ministers, who wighed to pre- vent a poor waiter of the Custom-house, named Carwarden, from seeing the Queen, on receiving a J)I-tition i't-riii If i-,icii shall COMPLAIN 1111- justly agams' our Ministers, we know well enongh how to punish them; but if they have season for the complaints they offer, we are Queen of the small as well as of the great, and will not suffer tc, be besieged by servants who can have no MOTIVE tor wishing it. but their intere-t in the oppression of others.—Sir Waller HalciylCx Discourse on the Prorogation of Prtrli umenr, RAILWAY ['ILLS.— We have received a Par- liamentary paper, giving a litit of the railway subscription contracts dep 'SITED in the Private Bill Office in the session, 11137. They are fifty in number, and the estimated capital required for the whole is £ 31,771,0:10 but this ineludes compctillg lines, such as the four from London to Brighton, of which only one will be executed. The Scottish bills are six, viz. Estimated capital. Edinburgh and T)tiiil)ar i-t ir),Ooo Edinburgh and Glasgow 893.000 Glasgow, Paisley, and Greenock 303 000 Glasgow, Paisley, Kilmarnock, and Ayr.. fi.yj.OOO SUmannon 28,100 Stirling 14L900 .£2 ,5:j;3 .aoo Some otner Scotch railway bills have been before Parliament, but the contracts for these, we presume, were entered previously in the bill office. Hops.-Thc official returns to Parliament of the number of acres in cultivation have been made, but have not yet been published. We are, how- ever, enabled to state, that thoy are computed at from £ 6,000 to 58.0t;0, being a considerable increase. Taking the average growth to be six cwt. per acre (which is below the mark), the produce will be greater tliati (lie consumption of the whole king- dom' and proves the planting to be overdone. EXPENSE OF A RAILWAY —FEW persons appear to be aware of the enormous expense incurred in the mere working departments OF railways, to say nothing of Acts of Parliament. On the Coventry and Birmingham road, eight miles, running over the spot" deemed the immediate centre of England, costs £ lt>,000 per mile— £ 123,000 for the eight miles. There are 950 men and boys employed daily the number of bricks required tor the building in the space of lie ('kht miles, is seven millions. There is a tunnel in the parish of Berksill OF 350 yards the expense of this tunnel, including labour, bricks, cement, AND stone-work for wings and approaches, is £7 7s. Gd. per yatd, or g 13,081 5s. for the tunnel alone, I Extract from a Letter addressed to the Iviitor of ( the Mining Journal on the causeof the inferiority of Iron made by the Patent Hot Blast "It is, I believe, generally admitted, that the economy of the h01-hlast consists in keéping up the necessary degree of heat in the furnace, by the iu- troduction 01 air at a high temperature, insiead of continually cooling it by throwing a vast "olume of air at the ordinary temperature into the hottest part-:nri that the great advantage obtained, arises simply from avoiding this rapidly refrigerat- ing process, and the consequent loss both of heat and of fuel. As REGARDS chemical changes, we may therefore dismiss the hot-blast altogether, and proceed to consider what operations take place in the furnace, as before; THE only difference being the substitution of raw ro d instead of coke. "The furnace being charged WITH the usual pro- portions of iron ore. raw coal, and limestone, in the manner before stated, the mass is acted upon by intense heat below, and the coal will immediately undergo, not the usual process of carbonization, hot a rapid, although, perhaps, incomplete combus- tion. Tbe precise nature of this partial combus- tion. it is not, perhaps, very easy to trace; there can BE little doubt, however, t HAT one of i ts results, and probabl y the most important, will be a copious evolution of carburetted hydrogen, the volatile products eombiningwith and oarryingoff a consider- able proportion of the carbon contained in the coal, LI ne, then, wp have a cause which may, perhaps, materially influence the quality of the iron pro- duced, in the diminished proportion of one of the ingredients which performs a most important otlice in the process. The furnace not containing its usual quantity of carbon, it is probable that a portion of the oxygen with which it is intended to combine, may still be retained by the iron, while another, and perhaps still more important conse- ll\l(,11 1.'1' may rftMiit, the,t the iron itself may not combine with its due proportion of carh n.tliat substance not being ill sufficient excess, and it is well known that, the quality ot iron depends VERY llIuch on this circumstance — the bestsoits of iron ALWAYS containing the largest proportion of carbon. It mav be said that, ihe actual quantify of carbon which combines with the iron, is unJer a:IV cir- cumstances very small, still it is" quite possible that a large excess ot carbon may be necessary in order to form that combination. "According- to Ihis view of the case, it will ap- pear that the patent hot-blast iron may contain either too much oxygen, or too small a proportion ot carbon, or both these results may take plaee- either of them affording su;;icient reason for its being weaker or of inlerior qua!ity to that produced by the ordinary process IT appears to me most probable that it is this diminished qnantity of car- bon which occasion* the briftlcness complained of in the hrt-blast iroi 1, as those qualities of ordinary pig-iron which contain the smallest proportion of carbon are wel 1 known to BE of a weill, and brittle nature, and are thence ii.tll(! lI"pd for foundry pur- poses—the carbon, within certain limits, appearing to impart both strength and toughness to the metal. Here then, we have, perhaps, found an answer to your corespondent's pointed remark, what has become of the obdurute touy/mess of the genuine Scottish cold-blast pigs ?"a careful comparative analysis of iron obtained by both processes, would, however, bethe best, and perhaps the only method of ascertaining the Lid, W Itieli seems thus to be rendered probable BOM CHEMICAL analogy. Slaould the VIEW HAVE taken be correct, the most OBVIOUS means ot LNL!>IOV ing the qualilv of the hot-blast iron, would be by returning to the former plan of using coke instead oil coal, thus avoid- ing the injurious cllct ot retaining the volatile matter of the coal IN THE furnace—and it would appear indeed that the \V;IS|L, occasioned by the coking proeess is rather apparent than real. A very ingenious plan WAS invented some years ago by Lord Dundonald, by WHICH the volatile elements of coal could be PRESERVED in coking by a rude species of distillation-whether the value of these products would leave a profit on the expense of the process, is of course a matter of calculation; in many places it is probaltc, they would. "1'he reason of iroll, of superior quality being obtained by the use of unthracite coal combined with the hot-blast, seems sufficiently evident; anthracite, in its natural state,contains a very large proportion of carbon, and is, therefore, very nearly the same, chemically, with the substance obtained by coking bituuious coal and by a proper modifi- cation of the smelting process, may even from some peculiarity answer better than the latter, while, from the less inflammable nature of this mineral, it is highly probable that sufficient heat could not be obtained fora successful result, until MR. Crane's recent application of the hot-blast, thus fully ac- counting for former failures."