The Glamorgan Monmouth and Brecon Gazette and Merthyr Guardian

TO THE EDITOR OF THE GAZETTE & GUARDIAN. SlR,—To the inference contained in the first portion of Sirius' last letter, 1 cordially agree but the expansion of water into steam, and its expansions while in the liquid state, are two different" things. As it was to the latter that his original observations were applied, I have still to ask him, how it can he proved & experiment, that the heat absorbed by a fluid resides in it in two different states, sensible or thermometric, and latent" or, what arc his reasons for supposing that any part of the heat communicated to a fluid is at all ren- dered latent 1 These questions will perhaps bear more immediately on the poini than the former. Sirius" says, he has ( )?.ot asserted that any body can absorb heat (that is, render it latent) otherwise than by a change of state." It is trua he has not made use of the precise words here quoted but will lie deny that lie has said that one, out of the two different states" in which he asserts that heat is absorbed by a fluid, is the latent." Here there is no change of 8141tei the flujd merely acquires an increase of temperature, and a slight augmentation of bulk and yet in the face of this, he (as well as) denies the POSSIBILITY of the vtry fact he, himself, has asserted to EXIST. "Sirius does not "invariably" state that latent heat merely contributes" to the expansion of the fluid for, docs he not say, Take water as an example apply heat, it is absorbed by the water, a portion being j consumed in raising the sensible temperature, and a portion in increasing the bulk." This latter "portion," then, is that which is rendered "latent," and is here plainly stated to be the sole agent," in producing that augmentation of "bulk" which water, and other bodies, undergo upon an elevation of temperature. Petty cavilling," we must all agree, will not for- ward the laudable object," &c., but TRUTH will; and, in the present instance, the importance of the case will not justify any one in the use of such a phrase. If the asking a few questions, with the view of obtaining information, will subject the interrogator to the appella- tion of Censor," then I must beg to state that Sirius'' distinguished himself in that capacity in your Journal before Algol's name appeared; so that, according to your correspondent's own reasoning, it is he who has f taken upon himself the censorship." Respecting the 0 answer to D," Sirius" will confer a favor upon me, and will be doing D" a service, by entering on the threatened "commentb aring in mind, that it is to the developement of TRUTH that all our efforts are to be directed. Trusting that you will see the justice of giving inser- tion to the above, I remain Your most obedient humble servant, Beanfort, Feb. 12 1838. ALGOL; [We have inserted the letter of A hjol without an altera- tion,for interpolation is a liberty we seldom take with our Correspondents but we must not, as occupying "the Chair," omit to say, that "Sirius" and "Algol" are both a little out of order.]

"i!r' TO THE J gDITOR OF THE GAZETTE & GUARDIAN SIR,-Â question was put in your paper, a few weeks ago, something like the following ;—" How long can a man continue among inflammable air with his Davy lamp?" This question can scarcely have a definite an- swer so much depends upon the state of the lamp, the circumambient air, and the distance of the foul from the pure air, &c. Perhaps the following observations may be of service to the enquirer :—Whenever your gauze is I coming to a cherry-red heat, be careful, and do not re- main long, unless your business be exceedingly pressing and, even then, your lamp must be changed, and that very often and carefully. Caution is exceedingly requi- site in moving it out, to get it cooled and exchanged Have no oil on the gaU1;e, nor have any defect in it, The above is an extreme case, in which the greatest care is needful, When you are travelling you should not allow the gause to attain tl¥! heat; but should, on the approach of it, raturn into other air. You should often carefully examine you lamp, and then you will have timely notice of the approach of such dangerous cir- cumstances. You will perceive first a high-coloured spite on the name and that will be succeeded bv a long one, even reaching to the top of the lamp, and then this will expand or become larger until your lamp soon becomes insufferably hot, and speedily comes the cherry-red heat; then there is great danger. Observe through all these transitions, even from the first ap- pearance of the blue-coloured spire, unto the last, there is danger in exposing the naked flame. As soon as you see the long spiry pillar, it would be well often carefully to change the lamp. By a reference to my former let- ters, you will find many cautions recommended by at- tending to them, less accidents would be likely to happen That I am correct in advocating so strenuously the safety of Davy's lamp, will appear from the following circumstance, noticed in a record of the various acci- dents in coal pits, on the Wear and Tyne, near New- castle, since the year 1658 to 1833, amounting to 135 in number, wherein only one out of 135 can be traced to the Davy, and that was by a boy letting it fall in chang- ing it. The gauze was damaged and then exploded the Inine. I -I M, Sir, yours truly, U. TUIPSON. Newbridge, Fco. 12.

Coy XTY op CRUTizrt.V(,. are authorised to state that tbe Lord Lieutenant of this County has received an authority to grant Commissions in her Majesty's name, to officers of any Corps of Yeomanry, and Volunteer Cavalry, or Volunteer Infantry, which have been, or may hereafter be raised, with her Majesty's approbation, within tbesaid County, their names and rank having been duty. certified to, and not having been disapproved of by her Majesty. Chester Courant. WREXHAM UNiox.-Tiie Exchequer Loan Com- missioners have lent the sum of ,#6,500 to the Guardians of the Union, to enable them to build a Workhouse, the foundations of which have been laid this winter, and which, it is expected, will be covered in before autumn. The design is by Mr Edward Welsh, of Liverpool.-Ibid. FATAL ACCIDENT.—ON tho aoth ult., as a waggon, loaded with coal, belonging to Mr Evans, of Cae drain, near Denbigh, was returning from Mold, the driver, a boy about fifteen years of age, in jumping off the shafts fell, when both wheels went over him, and killed him on the spot. His death is deeply de- plored by all his relatives and fricooli.-Ibid. NEW METHOD OF BREAKING ICE.-Much gra- tification was afforded to many of the inhabitants of Ledhury last week-; by the operation on (fie Herefoidshire and Gloucestershire Canal of an ieerbreakitig boat, lately invented by Mr Steven Ballard, engineer. Long pieces of timber, cased with iron, were fixed on the frout of the boat; these timbers project before the boat, and form an inclined plane, sloping upwards from the under edge of the ice lo near ihe noddle of ihe boat. By these meansj when the boat is drawn forwards, the ice is forced upwards instead of downwards, as is the usual way 01 breaking and it is iound the ice breaks remark- ably easy when thus lifted from the water. The boat, with its apparatus was drawn aloug the canal by two horses at a brisk pace, and the ice, which was in some places upwards of four inches thick was ploughed up with great facility. It js ca]cu! lated that one horse will do as much work with a machine of this kind as four in the common way. Several boats loaded with eoa) were lying icebound at Over, near Gloucester, and in other parts of the canal, which were liberated, and followed the ice- hoat into the basin of the Ledbnry wharf, affording a useful supply of fuel to the inhabitants of the town and neighbourhood at the present inclement reason, ,-Birminshant Ad,$rtiwT% We understand that Mr David Morris, of tiie Cock, Lammas-street, in this town, has been appoint- pd Governor of the Borough Gaol, vice Mr David Morgan, deceased.—Carmarthen Journal.

WHITFIELD IN WALES. (From Frazer's Magazine, for February.) Some of Whitfield's most efficient labours are recorded to have been in WaleS which, at the time o v,s,t appears to have been in a very dark state. In a condition of ignorance and gloom, it is natural to expect that a startling and daring: oratory would make itself felt. The contrast would he the more readily perceived. The condition of the Welsh at the period of our orator's inroads is thus described in a Welsh periodical, called the Trysorra On Sunday mornings, the poor were more con- stant in their attendance at church than the gentry but the Sunday evenings were spent by all in idle amusements. Every" Sunday there was what was called .4cfiuaren-ffamp,' a sort of sport in which all the young men of the neig-hhoul hood had a trial of strength; and the people assembled from the' surrounding country to see their feats. Oa Saturday night, particularly in the summer, the youno- men and maids held what they called Siii,inZ eves' (ATosueithan cann) that is, they met together, and diverted themselves by singing, in turns, to the harp, till the dawn ofthe Sabbath. At first sight, nothing would appear more improbable than that Melhodi.,m should find proselytes among: a people so git). and thoughtless as the Welsh of that period; or that the joyous group which assembled at Bala, on a Sunday evening, should become, as was shortly afterwards the case, a leading congregation of modern Puntass. But the religion of the Welsh, and their fondness for national music, arose from the same cause, an earnest and imaginative frame of mind. A disposition to melancholy, disguised by external gaiety of manner is characteristic of all Celtic mtram. = As a beam o'er the facc.of the waters may glow, Though the stream runs in darkness and coldness below.' With all their social sprightliness, the Welsh were then a superstitious, and consequently, a gloomy race. Tbe influence of the Church had. con- fessedly, done little to civilUe the people they still retained many habits, appar-etitly derived from Paganism, and not a few of the practices of Popery. When Whitfield and the Methodists came into North Wales, the peasantry expressed their borrer of them and their opinions by the truly Popish gesture of crossing their foreheads they also paid great veneration to a tale called • Brenddvyd Mair or Mary's D;eam, a Popish legend. Children were taught to repeat the following rhyme on being put to bed There are four comers to my bed, And four angels there are spread— Matthew, Mark, Lukevand John4 Bless the bed that I lie on.' On the Sunday after a funeral, each relation of the deceased knelt on his grave, exclaiming 'JVetr- edd tddo r i. e. • Heaveu to hin, If children died before their parents, the latter regarded ihem as so many candles to light them to Paradise. Amoiio- a people in an evideutly semi-barbarous state, Whitfield kindled what he called the Welsh fire." Light broke in on their superstition, and one la&tpess of idolatry gave way after another, till not anty Citi-iitianity, but, we fear, very wild and ques- tionable formults ofit, gained the ascendency.

FROM TRIl LONDON GAIBTTDS London, Friday, February 9th. BANKRUPTCY ANNULLED. George Carthew, Redenhall with Harleston, Norfolk, banter. BANKRUPTS. Samuel Elphick, Rosemary Lane, victualler. James Deen, Saville Row, Burlington Gardens, tailor. John Henry Russell, Bruton Street, tailor. George Birley, Worcester, perfumer. Thomas Whitlam Atkinson, Manchester, architect, William Appleyard, Clayton Heights, Yorkshire, manufacturer. John Radcliffe, Little Smeaton, Yorksbiie,-miller. George Coates, Hunton, Yorkshire, innkeeper. Thomas Moseley, Macclesfield, coach proprietor, London, Tuesday, February 13. BANKRUPTS. John Watson and James Watson, Crawford Street Brvanston Square, linen drapers. James lnghs, late of Lothbury, but now of Basing- hall Strjet, merchant. ° Edward Dyball, Norwich, gun maker; Francis Deakin, Birmingham. Peter Woolley, Ross, Hereford, tailor and draper. Thomas Jenkins, Brecon, maltster, March 9 Tnd °7 at twelve, at the Castle Hotel, Brecon, MrVatkins! solicitor, Brecon; or AJessrs. Gregory and Son, Clement's Inn. 0,7 Henry Richard Warren, Liverpool, common brewer. p«fS h.™g„P"k"' upholsterer „d John Tj'omas Twells, now or late of Tamworth, draper and undertaker. -mwuiwi, Henry Horton Cooper. West Bromwich, Staffordshire, retailer of beer and wharfinger.

MARRIED. I n 6th instant, Richard Forman, Esq. of the I f p ance' (nephew of the late Wm. Forman, Esq. I P "enydarren) to Mary, eldest daughter of the late I Rev. Joseph Heath, Vicar of Wigmore, Herefordshire. I DIED. I On the 15th instant, at Lanmihangle, near Cowbridge I aped 17, after a short illness, Mary, eldest daughter o'- I Mr W.Thomas I On the 11th of August last, off the Cape of Good I HOPQ, on his second voyage to China, aged 18, William I son of Mr John Francis, of Swansea. H On Sunday, the 3rd instant, at his brother's residence. I the Rev. Wni. Powell, of Lanvrechva, Monmouthshire, I Thomas Powell, Esq. of the Tower, Breeonshirc. H On the lltli instant, in London, Richard, son of the late Mr John Nicholas, of Newport, Monmouthshire. On the 5tli inst., aged five months, Martha, daughter* oflr H. Charles, of Polatystorelaouse, Merthyr. On the 10th instant, aized two years, Helen Crighton third daughter of Mr John Pagan, tea-dealer, of Merthyr On the 9th inst., the Hon. Mrs Stopford. On the 3rd inst., at Pau, in the Pyrenees, Lord Geo. Hervey, son of the Marquis of Bristol. The Hon. G. R, A. Clements, fourth son of the Earl of Leitrim.

t t NEWPORT SCHOOLS. The appeal of the Committee for raising the funds to erect national schools in coiinexioi) with the Church of England, at Newport, would seem to require no aid of ours to enforce its reasoning, or strengthen its claims upon Christian benevolence. To train up a youthful population in the way they should ijo, is an obligation that may not safely be disregarded by the Christian, nor can it be overlooked by the moralist. The security of property, the strength of law, the very cement of the social bond-paeh and all are involved in the right training of the rising generation. The question still remains, What is the right training? and the true answer will be found in the plan proposed bv the Newport School Committee —Religious Education, and that in the principles of the Established {Jhurch. There is no- thing that deserves the name of education which does not look upon the child as one in training for a future state of ,it, heir of immortal hopes; which does not direct his thoughts to proprieties of con- duct grounded upon obedience to divine commands; and there is nothing worthy of the name of wisdom that does not make the pupil wise unto salvation." He alone is worthy the name of freeman, whom the truth makes free; there is no dependence on human obedience to law that is CHIt founued on the express commands of God. The decalogue should be more imperative for honesty, sobriety, and chastity of life, than the mere abstract notions of the reasonableness of these virtues. The Bible is the true c!ass-book, and a religious education is the basis of all right mental improvement, and is the onlv one that is worthy the attention of a Christian nation. The best acquire- ments of a mere secular education perish in the using, and are destined onlv to perish. We entreat, then, the attention of the illhabitants of Newport and its neighbourhood, who love the Church and the virtues of which sue is tile author and guardian, to the appeal of the Committee for the erection of schools in con- nexion with the Establishment Let tfe wealthy contribute of their wealth, nor let the poorer despise the day of small thin«s,"—but of their little give of that little. A shilling subscription, piously undertaken and diligently pursued, has raised a fund which rescued a hospital from decay. To females more especially is this method of appeal applicable; they have lejsure, and they have influence. The sqm required is but yet it is large enough to stimulate benevolence and to a waken charity. We will say no more; we are sure that ere the walls of the new schools shall have been covered in, the Committee will be fit possession of funds sufficient to defray all expences, and to commence their useful labours. .# POLICE.—DIVISION OF NEWPORT. Further proof of the necessity of rigidly putting in force the law for regulating the conduct of persons keeping beer houses. At a Petty Sessions, held, for this division, at the house of Ni-, Thomas Jones Phillips, on Saturday the 1()t I) instant, before James Coles, Clerk, and Octavius Morgan, Esq., '.Justices, the following evidence was given upon an information exhibited against Henry Williams, of the parish of Macben, for permitting drunkenness and disorderly conduct in his house, on Saturday, 13 January last. Thomas Thomas, being sworn, stated as follows I am a hallierou the tram road. I knew Evan Lewis, remember his being killed: it was on a Saturday, about a mouth ago. I saw him about one o clock, of that day, at the house of Henry Williams, in the parisllof Machen. Henry Williams, keeps a beer- bouse, I was in the house beer with Evan Lewis. He wxs drunk. I s&w him start from there he then appeared to be drunk. I was present before the coroner, but was not examined. After Evan Lewis left the beer-house, and at the distance of a quarter of a mile, from the beer-house, he fell down under a tram waggon and was kil!cd. Thomas Matthews, being sworn, stated as follows: — I knew Evan Lewis, tlie poor man who was killed on the tram road- I was near the White Hart public- house. kept by Mr Prothero, in the parish of Machen, the morning of the day Evan Lewis was killed. 1 was not in the Wljite I l;irt with Evan Lewis. I af- terwards drank beer with him at the Hoyal Qak, a beer-bonse kept by Henry Williams. Evan Lewis was drunk at the Royal Oak. I proved before the Coroner that Evan Lewis was drunk. Thomas Thomas was at the Royal On k the same time with me and Evan Lewis. 1 saw Evan Lewis leave the Royal Oak. I was there about ten minutes. I don't know how long Evan Lewis had been there, A soon as I went into the Royal Oak he asked me to drink out of his pint. I did not see him killed. He appeared as if he had taken a great deal of beer, when he left the house. He was killed in about one hour's time after he left the Royal Oak. John Edwards, being sworn, stated as follows-I am a lallier, in the emp:oy of Mr Rosser Thomas, on the Rummey tram road. I remember Evan Lewis: he was killed about a month ago. It was on a S.itur- day I saw him about 12 or I o'clock on that day at the Royal Oak. We went there together from the White Hart. T was at Hie White Hart with him and Hall. Evan Lewis and I were at the Royal Oak about half an hour before Matthews and Thomas came there. We had been drinking when we came to the Royal Oak- Evan Lewis was in beer. As long as a man can do his work I do not call him drunk. I left Evan Lewis at the Royal Oak. 1 did not see him afterwards until he was killed. Before he came to the Roval Oak I was with him at the White Hart. Isaac Hall was there. Evan Lewis was Isaac Hall's servant. We drank five quarts of beer and five nog- gins of Rum at the White Hart. I was in beer and doing my work tidy. I was tidy e,lough when I left the White Hart. Evan Lewis was ill beer wben be left the White Hart: he did not fall down. Isaac Hall and I was in beer when we left the White Hart. We could walk middling straight. The Evidence in support of the information being closed, Henry Williams was callcd upon to make his defence, and called Thomas Daviesnsa witncss.who,being sworn, made the following statemetit.-I live at Machen and am a blacksmith by trade, I was not at the Royal Oak. I was at the White Hart the dav Evan Lewis was killed. John Edwards and Isaac. Hall were there. F went in there about nine o'clock in the morning. Evan Lewis would have struck me with the tongs if John Edwirds iiid not field hiiii back. Evan Lewis was very drunk, if I had been as drunk I cou!d not have done my work tidy. Isaac Hall was going but not so drunk as Evan Lewis. John Edwards was not so drunk as the others. He went away tidy. 1 ani quite sure this was the day that Evan Lewis was killed. Henry Williams had summoned ten other witnesses, but the evidence of Thomas Davies, his own witness, was so conclusive against him that he was advised not to have any of the others examined. He admitted that Evan Lewis had been supplied with beer from his house before he came into it, and while Lewis was on the tram road, and that he had afterwards been supplied with beer in the house, while ho was in a state of drunkenness. Convicted in the penalty of 40s. and costs. A similar information has been laid against George Prothero, the landlord of the White Hart, which will be heard at the office of Mr T.J. Phillips, onSaturday, the 17th instant. *# ROLLS COURT.—FRIDAY, FEB. 9. WOODHALL V. WOODHALL. Mr Girdleston said that the marriage which he had moved the court to restrain, had taken place before there was an opportunity of serving the order of the Court upon the husband, who was now in town and ready to attend the Court, and he now moved that it might be referred to the Master to make a settlement of the young lady's property. Lord Langdale-I have a duty to look to. It is absolutely necessary for the Court to interpose in such cases. Mr Sidebotbam- The husband is a mere boy. Lord Langdale-So much the worse for the unfor- tunate ward, I must have some explanation given of the circumstances, He is liable to the punishment the Court inflicts in cases of this kind. Let him give such UII explanation of the truth of the matter as he can, and I shall see what must be done. He must make an affidavit of the facts. Mr Sidebotham will advise him. The matter was ordered to be mentioned on Tuesday. At the sitting of the court, on Tuesday, his Lordship was for some time occupied in hearing an application which was to be made against Sanders. His Lordship had previously ordet-ed that he should appear person- ally in court on that day. The result, however, of this application did not transpire. ,# By the recent death of the Rev. Mr Lpyson (brother of the late Mrs Tynte,) the living of Bassaleg, near Newport, is become vacant. Froni the large increase of collieries and of general population, the parish of Basseleg has become an important charge, and we have no doubt its spiritual wants will be duly pro- vided for by the Bishop of Llandalf, who is the patron of the living. The family and numerous household of Sir Charles Morgan IU.. the appointment- J uEoEi.AIT, 14th FEB., IS3S.-The Petty Sessions for the parish ofBedwellty, &c., will be held at the Rock I iiii, oil Wednesday, the 21st instant; it is not expected that the magistrates will have much business to settle, The dinner intended to have been given to Samuel Homfray, Esq., on the glst December last, and un- avoidably postponed, will take place in the Town Hall on the :.?81!¡ instant, on which occasion the massive silver waiter will be presented. It is to be hoped our neighbouring friends will join the festive circle. At this season of the year, when accidents are so likoiy to happen to the working class of society around us, too much credit cannot be given to Mr Coates, the surgeon, of Sirhowy, for his prompt atten- tion in the case of James Phillips, who, whilst at work at the Sirhowy Iron Works tifting heavy weights with a triangle, (three large poles standing erect,) some part gave way, and the poles fell on him, producing a severe lacerated wound of the scalp with concussion of the brain, and dislocated the left th;g!\ bone on ttic ilium. Mr Coates, on being informed of the accident, instantly attended, accompanied by Mr Irwin, surgeon, of Ehbw V ale, dressed his head and reduced the dislocation. The man. Phillips, is now convalosceut, and has wal ked across his room. An inquest some time since was held at Sirhowy, before T. Hughes, Esq., coroner, on the body of Thomas Hodley, who was killed by a fall of rubbish on the Sirhowy patch, when, shocking to relate, ou being examined by Mr Coates, he had no less than a dislocation of his ankle, and both bune" of the right leg broken, his left thigh and right arm both bones fractured and through the skin, the right collar bone, witli several ribs 01 the same side, and his jaw also fractured, and several severe wounds on the scalp, with a depression of bone. This is 4he second un- fortunate poor man killed within the last month. There will be a meeting of the rate-payers of the parish of Bedwellty, at the Town Hall, in Tredegar, on Tiiursdai,, the 532nd instant, at the hour of one o'clock, for settling the differences at present existing between the parish of Bedwellty and the Messrs Harford, DavitS. and Co., now under indictment within that parish.

BRI,CO.V, Saturday, Feb. 17, 1838. 1!0 The Canadian Eiil has passed the House of Lords and received the Royal Assent, in spite of the vivacity of. Lord Brougham's speeches, and the rancorous orations of Mr Roebuck. Of the mischievous gabble of the latter it would be idle to trouble men of common sense with the refutation. As a composition it was a miserable performance—a string of rambling declamation, enlivened neither by vigour of language nor novelty of argument. He is a poor creature; unable to make any way in his profession,— contemptible as a writer, and insufferably te- dious, weak and wordy 9 a speaker, Ie is not worthy to be the hireling of even the House of Assembly at the rate of his five hundred a year and we cannot dissemble our regret that either branch of the Legislature should have given him the opportunity of advertizing for clients in all the discontented Colonies, and allow him to open his lips within walls which should never have been disgraced by either his vulvar common-place, or his bitter Radicalism. The whole Canada question comes to this Was not the House of Assembly a Jacobin House of Commons, determined on Revolution? Was not the outcry of grievances a notorious pretext IQ pUce the Revolutionists at the head of z. popular Insurrection, organized for the express purpose, not of obtaining 'he redrf-ds of grievances, but of throwing oil the allegiance which they had sworn to England of giving Papineau and his fellow traitors Estates out of the confine tion of English property, and erecting their President and officials out of the overthrow pf British dominion? Did not Joseph Hume's letter exhort them to throw off the baneful doinitiitiou of the mother country, and keep before thvir view the revolt of the United "States and its consequences?" Did not .<1 Kenz.e s proclamation openly declare that their sole object was revolt, and did not that Traitor and fugitive offer three hundred acres of Canadian land to every rufiian that will join him in plundering the property and shedding the biood of English soldiers and subjects ? After this, who but fools would listen to the pre. text of grievances; who but knaves plead for the patriotism of the Papineau Legislature ? But as the Canadian revolt was contemptible in its pretext, so were its leaders all liars and cowards in practice. And thus would it he at home Yes, if the villainy which declaims in Crown and Anchor Meetings, intrigues in Elections, and in the midst of bitterness of heart and determined falsehood, affronts public justice by its clamour, were to work up the Irish Peasant or the London Radicals into the same resort to arms, we should find exactly the same result. Our PAPINEAUS and Mackenzies would play the poltroon where they had so long played the braggadocio, fly from the punish- ment they had so long provoked, and the laws they had so long defied, and hide among stran- gers the degraded heads whose brains had been so long teeming with falsehood and faction, and whose highest success could only, bring their unfortunate dupes into slaughter.

We much wonder whilst the Ecclesiasti. cal Commissioners were regulating the dimen- sions of Sees, and equalizing the Revenues of the Bishops, that they should have overlooked that blot upon the Englisli Hierarchy, the mode by which those Bishops are elected. -The Conge delire, the permission to choose their Ecclesiastical superior awarded to the Dean and Chapter of a Cathedral, is a solemn mockery, and ought no longer to have a place in our Church polity. The leave given, is to choose -the person nominated by the King, or in other words, the King's Minister; and should the Dean and Chapter presume to exercise a discre- tion of their own, founded, it may be, on the unfitness of the person nominated by a profligate Premier, the King (by his Minister) proceeds to elect, and the Dean and Chapter are required to confirm the election. They refuse, and to the act of Prvmtzitire.' and Ollr readers will naturally exclaim, What of that" We remember that on one of the discussions on the Roman Catholic question, as it was called. Mr Canning said he found in a popular book that to correspond with the Pope was high treason—and therefore when the Pope addressed a letter to the king (George IV.) bo, Mr Can- ning took the advice of the Law Officers of the Crown, who were of opinion that in answering the Pope's letter he would incur a prcemunire. I looked," said Mr Caiiiiing, into Burn's Jus- tice, where I found that the penatties attached to a prcemunire were merely attainder, for- feiture of goods, incapacity to bring actions, im- prisonment,and that I might be slain by any one." Now looking to the question ao pertinently asked by the Duke of Wellington, how after the passing of the Reform Bill the King's Govern- ment was to be carried on, a prophecy, as we take it, of the instability of any Government that could be formed, it is neither an impossible nor improbable event that the reiiii of Government may for a season be in the hands of a Radical and Jnfidel Minister. What is the prospect of the Church in. the ointxnet to Sees that may be vacant in such a contingency? The very mention of the circumstance, we think, should be sufficient to induce the Church to. be loud in her demand for the repeal of the statute of praemunire, and thus give the Dean and Chapter a virtual, where they have now but an ostensible authority, and relieve the Bishops from the character they now too frequently hear of being the creation of the court, and the Stipendiaries of the Minister of the day.

A t the adjourned Quarter Sessions, held at Brecon, on the 14th instant, John Ansdell, Esq., of Glaslyn, LJanelly,qualified as a Magistrate for that county. I he office of Uuder-Sheriff, of Breoonsbire, for the ensuing year, will be conducted bv Messrs Jones, Powell, and VON.—Thc least known (to Englishmen) of the, wel^h rivers, are by far the most worthy uf name and acquaintance. The Irvon is, probably, as little familiar to the summer visitors of Wales as any foreign stream not commercial, vet in its course of about twenty-fivft miles, ere it falls into the Usk, near Builth, few routes conduct us through so many charming scenes. Every mile of this course is such as VValton would have deemed worthy of commemora- tion by a song. The Irvon, receiving the Chwernwy, the Dylas or Dulas, and other streams from the north, forms tho channel through which are poured nearly all the superfluous waters of that part of the county lying northward of the Eppynt Hills, and joins the Wye a little above the town of Builth, after a course of about twenty miles. CRAYFISH.—It is remarkable that the crayfish, or fresh-water lobster, is found in many brooks running into the Wye; but seldom of never in those falling into the Usk or the Irvon, Many unsuccessful nttempts have been made to remove them into the rivers of Carmarthenshire and Glamorganshire, and even into some brooks communicating with the Irvon, which empties itself into the Wyc, but when thus con- veyed, they soon disappear. Not being found dead, I and their vacant shells being never seen, they conse- quently either emigrate or are totally devoured by indigenous inhabitants of the stream, to which they are thus unnaturally introduced, and who, perhaps dislike the company of these intruders,

BEET-ROOT SUGAR—At the close of 1836 there were 582 manufactories of home-made sugar in 42 departments of France. The prodiiee of the manu- facture amounted in 1835 to 30,349,340 kilogrammes or 39,822 tons, of sujar, and in 1836 to 48.968 805 kilogrammes, or 48,lli14 tons. On an average, 20 kilogrammes of beet-root are required for the pro- duction of one kilogamme of sugar. DREAMS.-Tiie Rev. H. Alexander, on lectur- ing at Lancaster last week upon dreams, related the following storyThere bad been a sad murder committed on an amiable young man named Horrocks He was found robbed, and his head beaten iu with bludgeons. The murder excited more than common sympathy, and ror many months vigilant search was made for the perpetrators. A particular friend of the murdered man one night awoke in great terror, and told his wife that God had revealed to him in a dream that Samuel Longwitb of Bolton, was the murderer. It is important to observe, that with was a man with whom he had no acquaintance, whom he had scarcely ever seen, and who lived 20 miles off. His wife told him to. think no more about it, but to go to steep. He did so, but again awoke froia the effects of the same dream. He resolved to set out for Bolton instantly, and apply for a warrant against Longwith. He did so, but the magistrate to whom lie applied refused to take it on such evidence. He retired in mortification. As he was passing through the market place he met Longwith, whom he immediately desired tu go to a public house with him to hear something he had to communicate. There, locking the door, ho at once charged Longwith with the murder. The man was seized with all the disorder of guilt, and faintly denied tbe accusation. In his confusion be said .was innocent, for he did not strike the blow. lien you know who did," replied the friend of the muKjercxj man; and the man was taken up and ex- ..m>n He prevaricated in his statement, and was remanded for three days, at the end of which, after many hours' prayer, be confessed that be had been induced to join three men in a robbing expedition; meeting Horrocks, who made some resistance, his companions murdered him. This confession came out before the grand jury, and upon it Longwith was brought to trial. The dream, and everything super- natural, was of course not offered in evidence. "I was at the trial," continues St. Lawrence, in Human Life. and the man, who waa doggedly silent after being found guilty, again confessed his guilt, just before his execution, to the no small satisfaction of the jndge (Rook,) who had no doubts, but many fears, arising from the paucity of the evideaeo, and the peculiar nature of the facts which led to tho disco- very.Bolton Chronicle.