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Labour Topics.

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Labour Topics. [From Our Labour Correspondent.] •"The Illegality of the Parliamentary Levy." The letter which appe,ared under the rabove heading, ai few weeks back, over the .signature of Ap Dafydd Ddu," set sone thinking as to what lie was aiming • It is evident that he is a: whole- hogger, and would not give Labour a look-in at anything; still, I think his intention was to make known his joy at the recent decision of the Court of Appeal. To get a clear view of the relationship 'between Trades Unions and Labour repre- sentation, it is well that we should know the history which led up to political action being taken by Trades Unions. According tOI the writings of Josephus and 1 lutarch, workmen's trades societies existed nearly a thousand years before ■Christ, and even the Roman Senate, in the year 716 B.C., can claim the proud distinction of having initiated Trades Union legislation. Trades Unions, during all its stages of growth, has had to meet the most bitter opposition and persecution from the Legislature and the Law Courts, these institutions being largely under the control of the wealthy classes. Even so far back as Edward 1. repressive measures were placed upon the Statute Book which tended to cripple combination amongst workers. Indeed, any such combination was regarded as conspiracy against the law. In the time of James I. powers were vested in the Justices of the Peace to regulate and determine wages. In the time of Edward VI. it was illegal for a. person to belong to a society which had for its object the raising of wages, and anyone so convicted three times should have his ear cut off. Even this could not deter the workers in those days from com- bining secretly to better their position. Upon many occasions the employers sought the assistance of Parliament to punish workmen guilty of combining. In 1720, the master tailors made loud complaint to Parliament because the journeymen tailors in and about the Cities of London and Westminster, to the number of 7,000 and more, had entered in a combination to raise wages and leave work an hour earlier, and for the better carrying out of their design subscribed their respective names in books prepared for that purpose, and collected considerable sums of money to defend any prosecutions acraiiist them. There was a, time when any J.P. could sentence a Trades Unionist to two months' imprisonment; if several were charged, it amounted to conspiracy, which extended the punishment to two years. Despotic rulers, seeing that they could not crush Trades Unionism, appointed a Committee in 1806, through the House of Commons, with the purpose of exter-" mmating them. The return of Joseph Burne to Parliament gave him the oppor- tunity of attacking the Combination and Conspiracy Laws, showing that they had not achieved the employers' object. The report of the Committee decided in repealing those laws, and was afterwards embodied by Act of Parliament 1824 So far so good, but it still left Trades Unions unprotected and liablo at any moment to »e at the mercy of the employer. From then on Trades Unionism began to grow «Ki+Te,ai t1°-ok P,ace between f "Capital and Labour which gave cause to IRfiQ iR7im i feoemPloying classes» and Ohn'J] %ld }872 ™tnessed tlle Magna Chaita of Irades Unionism being won. Ibey were made legal and had the uro- I the lawV Class Prejudice dies ■ S + • W1tness .several decisions | Tli r!i.l n .u.lt,s given against the workers. M Q~, decisions caused a deep resentment iK amongst the men, with the result tint they returned the first two Trade Union and Mr P^liafenf1 Mr- Tom Burt « and Mi A. Macdonald, although Mr A hTmk h„tMr- Corner hfd. tried 9 follower?' v +i V l i-le r(^sult tli at 1 nf T of the le§al I Sknll i1110115' Alas! after that, Labour incliflerence crept in, and ¥)■?■?] a + ep,^ent^1011 waSi flowed to 1901 i i6 judgment of 'SdU tt P Ced tlie funds of the the riP(Jin'0r',S TPfU to omljloyers, revived witiiilli °/ ,1La^OU(r representation, as itnes.ed ;vt. the last GeiHal Election. \io be continued next week).

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