Rhondda Leader Maesteg Garw and Ogmore Telegraph

Some Facts about Mining Royaties. [BY A FERNDALE CHECKWEIGHER]. According to the final report of the Royal Commission on Mining Royalties, which sat from 1889 to 1893, the total output of coal for Great Britain in 1889 was 179 million tons; the total amount paid in royalty charges being £ 4,008,353, and in wayleave charges L201,916, making a total of £ 4,210,269. The maximum royalty paid in that year was stated to be Is. 3d. per ton, the minimum 2Jd., and the average 5fd. per ton. In South Wales, the maximum was 9d., the mini- mum 4d., and the average 6d. per ton. While I do not propose to question the accuracy of the Commission's findings, which the Commissioners themselves ad- mitted were based on meagre information, I may mention that, although they put the maximum at Is. 3d. per ton, it had been given in evidence before them that as much as 2s. 6d. per ton had been charged in Scotland. Our coal output has steadily increased in volume since 1889, as can be seen from the following figures —Coal produced in 1891,185,479,126 tons; in 1901,219,046,945 tons; in 1904, 232,428,272 tons; and in 1908, 261,512,214 tons. Prices have also risen considerably, and it is safe to assume that royalties, in the case of renewals and new leases, at least, have gone up accord- ingly. To back up this assumption I will quote a few authorities on the subject of mining royalties. Mr. D. A. Thomas wrote in 1905 as follows —" There has been an in- crease in the royalties asked for, and the tendency is distinctly upwards. I should say for the South Wales smokeless steam coal, and for the small quantity of No. 3 Rhondda that is left, that the increase during the last twenty-five years has been several pence per ton." Another well- known authority, in an article in the "Economic Review" for July, 1905) esti- mated that on the 230 million tone pro- duced in 1903, the amount paid in royal- ties on coal alone was anything from 4t to 7 million pounds. In an article recently contributed to a daily contemporary Mr. T. I. Mardy Jones (author of "Mining Royalties, and all about them") says: — As existing mining leases expire, land- lords will only renew such leases and will only grant new leases on virgin minerals at enhanced royalties." The same autho- rity further states —" The total annual royalty yield on all minerals mined in the United Kingdom must be close on £ 10,000,000. Five per cent. (Lloyd George's proposed tax) on this sum gives a public revenue of half-a-million pounds, minus the cost of collection. Some £ 400,000 of it will be paid out of coal royalties." The "South Wales Daily News trade correspondent estimates the royalties at present paid on coal produced in the United Kingdom to average 10d. per ton, and various other authorities I could quote put the average at 6d., 8d., and Is. per ton. Verily, it is a standing rebuke to British statesmanship that this incubus on one of the most important industries of the nation, which gives em- ployment to nearly a million workers, has not been sooner dealt with. But a begin- ning has been made, and it behoves the workers of the country to enthusiastic- ally support this initial attempt. Let me give a few more proofs that mineral royalties should not only be taxed, but abolished entirely. Mr. C. M. Percy, M.I.M.Ei., in his well-known pamphlet, Mining Rents and Mineral Royalties," calculates that landowners take not less, and probably more, than £ 6,000,tfOO from the mining industry of this country in mining rents, royalties, and wayleaves." In his Principles of the Manufacture of Iron and Stel," Sir Isaac Lowthian- Bell estimates that "the royalties on a ton of pig-iron from ironstone, coal, &c., amount to about, in the Cleveland dis- trict, 3s. 6d. per ton; in the Cumberland district, 6s. 3d. and in Scotland, 6s.; in Belgium, 16. 3d. and Is. feff; in France, 8d.; and in Germany, 6d. per ton." Similarly the Scottish League for the Taxation of Land Values, denouncing "the burden of royalty on our mining indus- try," tell us that on eve^ry ton of iron ore brought to the surface an averagg royalty of 2s. 6d. is paid, on every ton OT coal an average of 9d. To yield one ton of pig- iron two tons of iron ore (royalty 5s.) and two-tons of coal (royalty Is. 6d.), a. quan- tity of limestone, and a special kind of brick, which also pay royalty, are re- quired. Add wayleaves, and we find that when one ton of pig-iron is produced the landowners has pocketed about 7s. in the shape of royalty. It takes more than a ton of pig-iron to make a ton of steel rails, and in this process another two tons of coal (royalty Is. 6d.), more lime- stone, firebrick, and ganister (all paying royalty) are employed, so that if we add the whole together, the total royalty or tribute paid to the landlord on one ton of steel rails comes to about 10s. But we in the Rhondda are mainly concerned with coal royalties, and having quoted so many authorities to show that coal royal- ties undoubtedly yield more than they did in 1889, I will, nevertheless, make assurance doubly sure by accepting the low average adopted by the Commission. Applying it to last year's total output of coal, viz., 261,512,214 tons, I submit that there went into the coffers of British landlords during 1908, in royalties on coal alone, considerably over 6l million pounds. I also find that from January 1st to September 2nd of the present year some 670,000 toilworn veterans of industry have received in old age pensions, after satisfying the strictest inquiry into their past lives, the sum of P,5,406,293, at least one million pounds less than goes yearly into the pockets of a class mainly composed of idlers and parasites whose antecedents will not always bear investigation. Fellow-workers arise in your might and support the Pro- gressive Budget.

PRESIDENTIAL MEN U. Judging by the way things have turned out, I don't know but that it is for the best after all," remarked the unsuccessful presidential candidate. "How's that?" asked his secretary. It has become quite evident to me," replied the statesman, "that, if I had been elected, I should have had to eat a rattlesnake dinner in Colorado, a cactus breakfast in Arizona, a saw- dust luncheon at Battle Creek, an alligator banquet in Florida, a raw canine spread in the Igorrote country, a missionary hake in Guam, & blubber-and-candle feast in Alaska, and a mule-roast in Missouri. Better be particular than President."

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Silas Hocking at Ystrad. "John Bull in His Best Clothes" Entertaining and Interesting Lecture. John Bull in His Best Clothes" was the subject of a very interesting and highly educative lecture delivered to a large audience at Bodringallt Chapel, Ystrad, on Thursday evening by Mr. Silas K. Hocking, the well-known novelist. Dr. W. E. Thomas, Llysygraig, presided, and the proceeds were in aid of the Ystrad-R-hondda Ambulance Division of the St. John Ambulance Brigade. Mr. Hocking commenced by saying that his lecture was in no sense of the word political, neither was it intended to be a reply to Max O'Rell's book, "John Bull in His Island." His aim was to give a picture of John Bull in his best clothes. There were many people, he proceeded, who spoke very disparagingly of John Bull. They were told that he was a beef- eating, beer-drinking, gluttonous fellow, never happy unless he stuffed himself with beef and plum-pudding, and the reason why he suffered no evil after-effects was that he lengthened out the process of eating as long as he could (laughter). On the question of wine-bibbing -=> and beer- drinking, he believed that if anything destroyed John Bull's health, broke his constitution, and ultimately led to utter collapse, it was his habitual indulgence in intoxicating drinks. It increased his burdens, emptied his churches and schools, and filled his workhouses and gaols, and paved the way for a hundred other evils. If any future Gibbon should write the decline and fall of the British Empire, it would have to be stated that John Bull fell, not through any outside forces, but through the enemy within; that he allowed the thief to enter his home and steal his bread, and like Baby- lonia of old, had fallen never to rise again. They were told that John Bull was a bragging, pugilistic bully, that he en- gaged in more wars and annexed more territory than any other nation under heaven. We were told that his history was written in blood, and that he was proud of the fact, and that his songs, his poetry and literature were steeped in the sanguinary. John Bull had done a great deal of fighting in his time—some of it in self-defence, and a great deal of it in a spirit that no Christian could commend. Still, he might be less black than he was painted, and since the terrible year of 1900 there had been growing within him a better spirit, and he was now trying to spell the angel song of Peace and Goodwill." There was a great deal in our past history which we could not admire. We looked back upon it with shame; but a nation, like individuals, learned wisdom from painful experience. They all hoped John Bull was growing more in the direction of the Sermon delivered on the Mount, and they all hoped and prayed that the day would never come when he unsheathed his sword in any unrighteous cause (annlause). To those who declared that John Bull lived upon the enterprise and ingenuity of others he gave the lie. John Bull had made himself what he is to-day. He had battled bravely with climatic conditions, had fought with a .barren and hungry soil, defied a. thousand winters and storms and had gathered in the harvests of the sea. He had never backed out after embarking on any undertaking, and his resolute will had generally conquered. This gave John Bull his dignity, gave him the right to wear his best clothes every day, and earned the respect of those who envied his solidity and power. All the pictorial representations of John Bull, proceeded the speaker, were agreed in their main features. He was of mas- sive build with portly girth, and a steady light shone in his eye. His best clothes were more remarkable for convenience than elegance. He had a loose coat, breeches, and Scotch boots, and generally carried an umbrella. There was nothing about him that was vulgar. He had a grip like a vice, was a splendid neigh- bour if he had his own way—(laughter)— and no better friend could be got on the earth. Everything about him was indi- cative of character. In sketching John Bull the speaker began with his dboots. These, lie said, were like the rest of his apparel—sym- bolic. They were broad-bottomed, thick- soled and high-topped, fit for wet or dry weather, fit for country or cities. His boots denoted determination. When he put his foot down, he felt that he had something to put down. He might be a long time arriving at a decision, out once a thing was decided upon, he planted down his broad foot, and it was done. He (Mr. Hocking) advised young men, in particular, not to be in too much of a hurry in making up their minds, especially if there was a wedding in the business (laughter). He had no patience with a young man who sat down and whined, and thought the world was coming to an end, because he could not have his own way, or things had not turned out as he would have liked them. It was the determined man, the broadbooted man he liked; the man who defied difficulty and danger was the one who generally won the day. John Bull's boots also denoted strong commonsense. No dandy or empty- headed fop would wear those kind of boots. John Bull cared more for comfort than prettiness. To have a firm under- standing was something far more impor- tant than an elegant appearance. I John's breeches, proceeded the lecturer, were regarded in the domestic realm as symbolical of authority, and in no country under heaven was the law enforced and respected as in England. The administra- tion of British justice was the admiration of the world. Their judges were above bribery, and justice was done between man and man without regard to station. John Bull's coat had given offence to the aesthetic brethren. They were told that he cared nothing for elegance, art and beauty; that he cared not how ugly a thing might be as long as it was useful and comfortable. The charge was scarcely true. Utility came first with him, but he also had a love for beauty. Many English public buildings would answer their purpose at a quarter of their cost, but it showed that the nation was not merely utilitarian, but had a sense of the fitness of things. His picture galleries shewed that John Bull loved beautiful things. At the same time, he would not feast on a sunflower if there was a beef- steak in the neighbourhood. This utilitarianism had, however, been carried too far, and many towns had simply become masses of ugliness. Nature's loveliness had been sacrificed over and over again, and green fields might dis- appear so long as there was £ s. d. After all, men did not live on bread alone. Beauty and utilitarianism should be com- bined. J There was one article of John Bull's apparel which was neither beautiful nor I utilitarian. That was his stove-pipe hat, and he (Mr. Hocking) believed that Mrs. Bull had had a great deal to do in the matter. He did not deny there was a certain amount of elegance in a silk hat, but for utter discomfort in any kind of weather, he never knew anything, to beat it. The 6iily redeeming; feature about it was that it was capable of an immense amount of polish (laughter). It was indicative of John Bull's manner and deportment. He might be abrupt and brusque in his ways; he lacked, perhaps, the subtle graces and the airs of the Frenchmen, but deep down in his heart were all the qualities that made a gentle- man. His manners were not perfect and his reserve was almost painful. There was one little matter in which John Bull was in danger of making; a hole in his manners, and that was his smoking. He noticed again and again the way English- men were becoming selfish in proportion as they were becoming; wedded to the weed. It was almost impossible to get into any crowd in England without having a cloud of tobacco smoke in one's face. He never objected to anyone smoking, provided it did not inconvenience some- body else. He hoped that John Bull would never lose his good manners and good name for generosity and kindliness of feeling for what was, after all, only an idle habit (hear, hear). Coming lastly to John Bull's gingham, or Sairey Gamp," Mr. Hocking said that the umbrella symbolised his charity. No cry of distress or wail of sorrow arose but that John Bull tried to remove it. He was ever ready to assist any nation in pestilence or war. He gathered all under his great covering of charity. He had many faults, no doubt, but he had a large heart and an open hand, and taking him all over, one would never look I upon his like again (applause). The lecturer then turned to John Bull at home. Home, he said, was the foun- dation of commonwealth. No nation could be strong where family ties and home were ignored. A nation stands or falls with the sanctity of its domestic ties. John Bull," said Mr. Hocking, has a great deal to be thankful for for his home, and for the healthiness of his home. While England's homes remain pure she will not fade, nor her strength decay." In summing up John's indebted- ness to his home, the lecturer paid a graceful and deserving tribute to John's womankind, and said that he would never be the man he is but for his wife (applause). A vote of thanks to the lecturer was heartily accorded on the motion of the Chairman, seconded by Councillor Thos. Thomas, J.P. Mr. Hocking paid a similar compliment to the chairman, which was also enthusiastically endorsed. Admirable arrangements had been made, thanks to an energetic committee, of which Mr. Hanani Williams (undertaker) was secre- tary. Mr. Hocking preached a sermon at the same place in the afternoon.

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Efail Isaf Induction Services of Rev. T. E. Jones. As briefly reported in last week's issue, the induction services of the Rev. T. E. Jones to the pastorate of Tabernacle Con- gregational Church, Efail Isaf, were held on Thursday last. Mr. Jones is a Tre- orchy boy, having entered the ministry from Bethania, and the Rhondda was largely represented at the meetings. Ser- vices commenced on Wednesday evening, when sermons were preached by the Revs. J. N. Ella's, Treherbert, and E. B. Powell, Maesycwmmer. The proceedings on Thursday were conducted by the Rev. C'aledfryn Thomas, Groeswen. The charge to the church was delivered at the morn- ing meeting by the Rev. E. B. Powell (Mr. Jones' predecessor), after which Prof. Jones, Carmarthen, addressed the meeting on Church Principles." The charge to the new pastor1 was given by the Rev. D. Rhagfyr Jones, Treorchy. The history of the call was given by Mr. D. Rowlands (secretary) and Mr. Roderick Lewis (deacon), and among those who took part were the Revs. B. Davies, D.D., Newcastle Emlyn; A. P. Jenkins, Aberaman; H. T. Jacob, Peniel, Carmar- then; E. B. Powell, Maesycwmmer, &c. A presentation of books on behalf of Bethania Church, Treorchy, was also made by Mr. Wm. Davies, deacon, Beth- ania, and another presentation was made by Mr. E. S. Morgan on behalf of the same church. The meetings concluded with a preach- ing service, in which the Revs. John Williams, Wi<Yan, H. T. Jacob, and Dr. B. Davies took part. The services were attended by a large number of local ministers and students of Carmarthen and Brecon Colleges.

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