Papurau Newydd Cymru

Chwiliwch 15 miliwn o erthyglau papurau newydd Cymru

Cuddio Rhestr Erthyglau

20 erthygl ar y dudalen hon

----A PIIAT WITH THE FARMERS

Newyddion
Dyfynnu
Rhannu

A PIIAT WITH THE FARMERS [By Wyn."] THE PURCHASE OF SEEDS-AND WEEDS! There is perhaps no maxim that requires to be beaten into the consciousness of the farmer more Vuportant than this—that cheapness is not the same thing as a low price. We have often preached yPon this text, and the reason we have done so is because so many cases have come under our own so obaenation where the man who has purchased an artH, at a low price lias in reality bought it very fWr. There are numerous illustrations of the fact to be obtained in different branches of agriculture, kut there is, we think, one of special importance. \(' refer to the purcha-se of seeds. It is, or should he obvious, that a sample of seed is valuable only In proportion as it is what it purports to be. If a fornjer buys clover, for example, an examination iH'oves that only half the seeds are really alive and Capable of developing into plants, it will be evi- dent that the real price of the article he has bought 1 's exactly twice the figure at which lie thinks b h»3 obtained it. If, further, there is among the live seeds a percentage of weeds, the value is still further reduced, to say nothing of the fact that he 1 i stocking his land with weeds, which reduce his crop, and will give a good deal of trouble later on. i there are many farmers who will buy such a Simple as this because it is offered at a trifle per j F'ound less than a sample sent out by a reputable 'ii'm who can be relied on to supply that which they THE POSITION IN WALES. ¡ A* we have already said the subject is one of 3Po.-ial interest to us because of oases that have tonie under our own notice; but we are alluding to that, matter now because we liiive just been looking through the report given by the Agricultural De- partment of the University College, Aberystwyth, 'ttcerning the state of affairs in a part of Wales. 1'h.. enquiry made by Mr. Stupiedon shows that while a number of farmers purchase seed of high liliality from firms of recognised standing quite half uie grass hind in — o district is sown with seed t"n chased locally, much of it being of inferior tyiality. The results of the examination of these Poor seeds show that in many cases the actual value is very small, what is termed the "quality" ing in some cases less than 50 per cent. In other Wr>rds only one out of every two seeds is what it Purports to be—a live seed of the variety designa- ted. Included among them are seeds of very troublesome weeds; and, to put it briefly, the con- tusion that Mr. Stapledon comes to is that in pur- ehasing cheap Feed from a non-reputable firm the firmer may be completely deceived and pay from Rd. to lOd. a lb. for an article worth from 3d. to J. W" have known far worse cases than those re- *^rd. d in this report, and there is no reason to s"ppose that Mid-Wales is any worse than other districts—it may. indeed, be better than some. In case that we can recall the germinating ratio rjf the wimple wr.s 0.0 per cent! In other words there was not a live seed among all those tested. Is it posisble to over-estimate the loss which the Purchase of such a sample may mean to a farmer, 1%.itli perhaps the season parsed for seeding? This is. of course, exceptional, but the most serious asl»ect of the use of poor seeds is that the land rloes not produce the crop it is capable of bearing-, and that thousands of pernicious weeds are planted, Probably never to be entirely eradicated. Dodder 'Wn a frequent impurity in Mr. Stapledon's samples I¡f clover, and no seedsman who valued his reputa- tion would send out clover containing a single seed )f this most pernicious weed, which will destroy all ill,, plants in its immediate vicinity. IMPROVING GRASS LAND. There is a large amount of very poor grass in this country. Much of it has never been seeded down properly, for at various times during the long Period of agricultural depression land withdrawn from the plough was allowed to "tumble down" tt¡ grass—that it to say it was filled up by the Natural grasses and innumerable weeds. A large Proportion, however, is bad because it has not been Properly treated. You can't keep on drawingt '<loney from a bank unless you put money in occa- sionally; but many people have treated grass land as if it were a sort of widow's cruse which would never cease yielding. The proportion of weeds among the grasses is often enormous, and it ought to he remembered that it is a natural result of the 'uipoverishrnent of the soil, that as the grass dwindles its place should be taken by more vigor- ous weeds, indigenous to the district. Thus there is 1 close connection between mismanagement of the '"•id and deterioration of the herbage, for the lrtfr grasses give place to coarser kind, and to and more undesirable vegetation. A dressing 5 cwts. of superphosphate in early spring, fol- ded by 1 or 1 £ cwt. of nitrate of soda would bo r""oduvtive of much good, and would in nine cases Out of ten-perhaps in all ten—be fully repaid. A Irnall application of potash would be useful, but l'°tash will be prohibitive in price if obtainable this -r'Hson and may be dispensed with. Slag may be spd instead of superphosxihate if prepared, and Uyers should make a comparison of the prices, "ic It may be greatly deranged owing to the war. possibly, unit for unit, the superphosphate will be jjHind the cheaper when the time "comes for using it farmers are fond of manuring through the stock. one questions the efficacy of this method when .o ^'oporly carried out, but direct manuring is more (r.t. IJ and. as experiments have shown, as a rule •onsiderably cheaper. Li AR.(jiil i.. is a trouble ianiiUar ill most daily nerds, ¡1L:c: intiierto 1v iiUi been atiribuieu to colus, ciniis, lu'P^Ticct ^nipping, cVt. come however, winie "^uiiumg uiat tnese, a» wen as> mechanical injury — ,OVks» sera tones, oic.— may oe me sauting point? Jljaintaiu that .garget or liiiimimitis, aiway» con ll'KK>us anu mat w consequence care siiouiu uiw. b" taken to keep the slltlenng animal perfectly anu to pie\ cut, as tar a", possjiLiic, tne spread ot niLeetion. We are UouDtfui whether this tneory ot the microbal origin o; garget would be generally accepted; but ill any case no harm can be done by toltowmg trie advice always to milk the affected cow last and as far as possible to keep her upart from other animals ill milk. The practice of isolat- ing ail sick animals is indeed a sound one; ii the trouble pro\es trifling nothing will have been lost, while if it prove infectious great harm may be pre- vented. Every good set 01 farm buildings should nave all isolation" byre or hospital, and many farmers might by a little management contrive to lessen the risks by provision ot this nature. The ordinary cowshed is not as a rule a place which assists the vet. in healing his patient, yet we are seeing more clearly year by year that the conditions governing health and disease are pretty much the "ante in man and the domestic animals. Cleanli- good ventilation, and good lighting are ab-o- Iutdy essential when a cure has to be brought about, end specially is cleanliness to be desired when ('PI'n wounds have to be dealt with. THE SUPPLY OF HORSES. We have never been believers in the form of Economy which takes the shape of a small saving effected in the present at the expense of a great loss in the future. For this reason we have frequently deprecated the too common practice of bringing Young- horses into work too early, and the practice Of breeding from fillies before their own period of development has proceeded far enough. Yet dog- matising is foolish on this as on many other sub- jects, and it must be recognised that circumstances alter caF(,S. It was unfortunate that no signs of the coming of the war were visible in the spring, 1 farmers might have put to the horse many glares that are now barren: when it did break out it was too late in all but a small proportion of cases, atid nothing can now be done until the spring. But \vbt'l] the season conies, the owner of a likely two- ye-ir-old filly would do well to consider the possi- bility of breeding from her immediately. The Sllpplv of horses in this country and all the world ovrr will be short for many years. Numbers of •hares are included among the animals sent to Prance, and many of them will never return. It is •Ported that glanders has broken out in the German hnr«os. and if the ravages of this disease be added the losses in warfare the consequence?, to our bor"p population may be appalling. White, therefore, breeding from Immature fillies av be bad policy as a rule. it may pay very well I'Hleed for a few years. Some care should of course I exercised in selection, and preference given to well-developed, vigorous youngsters, those obviously backward being put aside. Mares will breed up to an Advanced age, if used for this purpose regularly. When an aged animal ha* not been used for the purpose for some years there is greater difficulty in getting her in foal, but the attempt, is worth making.

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