Papurau Newydd Cymru
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r.r 0 -W W TALK.
r.r 0 -W W TALK. BY OUR SPECIAL CORRESPONDENT. --+- Ow ftmdtrs will understand that we do m*. "hold owrselvts Tttpon tikltfor our ablt Correspondent's opinieva. THOUGH a change of Government brings with it many inc nveniences, and at the present time is much to be regretted, nevertheless, the accession of the Derbyites to power may lead to some unques- tionable advantages, so far as the literary class is concerned. The Whigs, for some reason or other which it is not easy to understand, have never been o liberal to those who make literature in its various forms their calling as have been the Tories. Of this, the opposition which the old Whig Govern- ment made to the opening of the State Paper Office to our historical students, and the readiness with which the Conservatives, when in power, adopted the opposite course, is ene example. Another was furnished recently when the Lord Chancellor and Lord Granville opposed a bill the object of which was to protect novelists from the literary pirates who, without permission and, without paying, dramatise their works. The one objected to the bill because it would lead to litigation, an argu- ment which, if good for anything, would lead to the abolition of many Acts of Parliament-the Patent Laws, for instance, which are always lead- ing to litigation. The other noble lord thought that turning an author's work into a drama or a farce against his will, and without any direct profit to him, was rather an advantage than otherwise, because it acted as an advertisement to his book and brought his name before the public. If such twaddle as this requires an answer (and com- ing, as it did, from the late Lord President of the Council, present Chancellor of the London University, &c. &c. &c., it may be supposed that it does), is it not self-evident that the product of a man's ingenuity in the shape of a novel is just as much his property aa the product of another man's ingenuity which takes the shape of a new invention is his ? Would the general use of his invention, without any profit to himself, be considered a sufficient reward by the inventor ? If not, why should the law give protection to that kind of invention and refuse it to another ? On these questions Lord Granville's speech throws no light, but it explains why nothing has been done with regard to concluding a copyright treaty be- tween the United States of America and Great Britain. The most eminent authors in both countries desire one, and the only opposition comes from pirate publishers. They, of course, are interested in maintaining the present system, and, from Lord Granville's point of view, suffi- ciently reward the authors whose works they "appropriate" by the wide circulation they give them. The new Government may, if it pleases, remedy this great evil, and thus earn the grati- tude of our writers while doing a simple act of justice. WHOM shall we hang?" was the title of a pamphlet which appeared during the excitement caused by the mismanagement of our authorities at the outset of the Crimean war. This question was asked by way of a goak," as Artemus Ward would say, but the "Jamaica Committee" have determined in all seriousness to have Mr. Eyre hanged, if they can manage it. They have resolved, if Government does not prosecute the late Governor of Jamaica for the "murder" of Gordon, to assist Mrs. Gordon in doing so; and this resolution has induced Mr. Charles Buxton, M.P., the chairman of the committee, to retire from that office. Mr. Buxton is sane enough to see that Mr. Eyre cannot really be classed with murderers," and confesses that he would shrink with horror from seeing him on the gallows. His common sense tells him, moreover, that the Jamaica Committee "could not possibly injure their own cause more than by such a prosecution," and that its "result would be to give a triumph to Mr. Eyre and his advo- cates." Cannot the committee, he asks, be satis- fied with what they have already achieved ? Has not Mr. Eyre been dismissed from his government with severe censure; and inadequate though that punishment may be, would they do away with its good effect by having him "tried and deliberately acquitted, or pardoned by the Queen amid th plaudits of the British people?" In short, a cording to Mr. Buxton, it would be worse than a crime, it would be a blunder, to prosecute Mr. Eyre for murder. Nevertheless, in spite of this powerful and pathetic remonstrance, the committee have resolved to be guilty of the blunder. THE fact that the House of Lords, though by the very small majority of one, has thrown out the Gas-light and Coke Company Bill, must be noted with satisfaction. The bill sanctioned the erection of gasworks near enough to Victoria-park to be a serious nuisance to those who visit it fof fresh air—persons who, as Earl Nelson said, were too poor to appear by counsel before a Parliamentary committee against the promoters of the bill. By rejecting the measure the Lords have on this, as on many other occasions, exhibited a more lively regard for the welfare of the poorer class than the I Commons, through whose House the bill had passei; and when the peers act in this way even I Radicals may join in old Cobbett's exclamation, Thank God, we have a House of Lords." OF the marriage of the Princess Helena with Prince Christian of Denmark I shall say nothing, as the daily papers will give my readers the plain facts concerning it, but the new husband of the princess appears to be powerful enough to have caused the interdict, "No smoking allowed," to be taken down from the interior walls of Windsor Castle; and, still more wonder- ful, that the architect at Balmoral has orders to build a smoking-room, to be attached to the High- land residence of the Queen. I remember in 1860, when lying nearly opposite to the Toomies, in the lower lake of Killarney, waiting for the stag to be driven into the water, that the barge of the Queen and Prince Consort, steered by the late Right Hon. H. A. Herbert, suddenly turned, and swooped down on the barge steered by the Prince of Wales, who had his brother Alfred along with him. Both princes were enjoying "a weed," but the moment they became aware that the Queen was bearing down upon them, their cigars were gently dropped into the water. And it is gene- rally known that the prohibition at Windsor to which I have alluded has not been submitted to with philosophical equanimity. The new brother- in-law must therefore be accepted as a man of might, if the story be true. Z.
THE JBANDA AND KIRWEE BOOTY.
THE JBANDA AND KIRWEE BOOTY. Judgment was on Saturday delivered in this long- pendpg case by the Right Hon. Stephen Lushington. The jurisdiction of the Court of Admiralty to decide on the distribution of booty captured by land forces exclusively was conferred upon it by the 3rd and 4th Vie., c. 65, which enacts that the court shall have jurisdiction "to decide all matters and questions con- cerning booty of war which may be referred to it by the Privy Council, and that its judgment shall be binding upon all parties. The circumstances under which the claim arose were these:—The land forces, consisting of her Majesty's troops, and of troops of the East India Company, were, for the suppression of the mutiny, organised in three columns, termed re- spectively the Central India Field Force, the Saugor and Nerbudda Field Force, and the Rajpootana Field Force, under the respective commands of Sir Hugh Rose, Major-General Whitlock, and Sir Henry Roberts, since deceased. In the course of the operations which followed, certain property was captured at Jhansi, Calpee, and Gwalior, by Sir Hugh Rose's force, of the estimated value of 4,90,000 rupees; at Banda and Kirwee, by Sir G. Whitlock's force, of the estimated value of 70,00,000 rupees; and at Ahwah, Kotah, and at Buenos, by Sir H. Robert's force, of the estimated value of 1,82,000 rupees. For the distribution of this property, it had been pro- posed that the whole proceeds should be thrown into a common fund, and be distributed equally among the forces under the command of Sir H. Rose, Sir G. Whit- look, and Sir H. Roberts. The prize agents of Sir G. Whitlock's force had preferred a claim that the pro- perty captured at Banda and Kirwee should be granted exclusively to that force. Claims to partici- pate were preferred by the late Lord Clyde, as Com- mander-in-chief, on behalf of himself and his personal staff; by Sir Hugh Rose, on the ground of his force having co-Operated in the actions or movement of the troops which led to the capture; also by Major-Gene- ral Smith, General Roberts, Colonel Middleton, Major Osborne, Colonel Hinde, Colonel Keating, and others. The great principle which is recognised as the basis of the prize-law is, that all prize taken in war belongs absolutely to the Crown, but for more than a century and a half the Crown has granted the prize to the captors. The learned judge at great length laid down the peculiarities of the particular war in which this booty was captured. It was no ordinary war, he said; its ob- jeef; was to suppress a mutiny, and a rebellion into which that mutiny had developed; a whole country had to be pacified. This called for military operations ramifying in different directions, yet brought to bear on a com- mon end. The learned judge gave a most luminous review of the principal instances of booty taken on land, in order to discover what, if any, had been the accustomed mode of its appropriation by the authority of the Crown, drawing his information, where practi- cable, from original documents, furnished to him by the Treasury and the public offices. The oases referred to were Egypt, 1801; Waterloo, 1815; Deccan war, 1817-18; Barmah, 1824-26; Bhurtpore,1825-6; Khelat, 1839; Scinde, 1843; Mooltan, 1848 9; Delhi, 1857 Lucknow, 1857.8; Dhar, 1857. Having examined these cases, the learned judge laid down as the rule to be adopted that of actual capture, but this, if carried to an extreme, would, he said, produce the very results, to prevent which is the primary object of having a rule at all. To confine the enjoyment of booty to those who have actually laid hands upon the property would be simply to give legal sanction to lawless plundering. On the other hand, to distribute it indiscriminately would be to discourage personal efforts, and in many oases to dissipate the booty till it became insignificant. The line has to be drawn somewhere, and should not be drawn arbitrarily. He had come to the conclusion that ithe course most analogous to the rule of the naval service, most in conformity to military usage, and most likely to work satisfactorily, in the case of an army consisting of several divisions, was to draw the line between division and division. An admirably drawii detailed history of the operations of the three divisions of Sir Hugh Rose, General Whitlock, and Sir Henry Roberts was given. In respect to the claim of Sir Hugh Rose, that officer had to contend against the broad facts, that throughout the campaign the two forces were separated from each other, on an average by about 150 miles; that no junction between the two was ever effected; that at the time of the capture of Banda Sir Hugh Rose was encamped 160 miles off, at Jhansi, preparing to march on Kalpee; and at the time of the capture of Kirwee he was about 120 miles off, at Calpee, just setting off with the utmost speed in the opposite direction, the direc- tion of Gwalior. The claims were put forward on the ground of constructive captor of the booty taken in both places, and on the two grounds of association and co- operation. The learned judge decided that there was no co-operation nor association on the part of Sir Hugh Rose which led t) the capture of the booty, and he accordingly pronounced against it altogether. The claims of General Roberts, General Smith, and others who claimed as officers under Sir Hugh Rose, were of course disposed under this decision. Major Osborne was political agent of the Government, and had the entire command of the Maharajah's forces, and most successfully raised troops in various parts of the country. His achievements were of the most gallant description. He displayed great ability and rendered very valuable services; but his services were not, in the opinion of the judge, such as to entitle him to share in the Banda and Kirwee booty, inasmuch as the places captured by him had not conduced to the cap- tare of these placet". The same remark applied to Colonel Hinde, of Nagode. With respect to Colonel Keating, he was the Colonel of the 50th Regiment Madras Infantry, which, during the whole of the operations, formed part of General Whitlock's forces, and was under his orders though not present at the capture of Banda or Kirwee, but the claim, of Col. Keating and his regiment was admitted as part of the general's force. The claims of General Wheeler, in command of the Sa.ugor District and Garrison; of General Carthew, and the Fattehpore movable column engaged in the lower part of the Doab; of General Maxwell, also in command of a moyable column in the Doab, were disallowed, on the ground of their not having given that degree of co-operation which he con- sidered necessary to entitle the forces to a share in the capture. With respect to the claim made on behalf of the late Lord Clyde, his lordsbip was appointed "Com- mander-in-Chief of all her Majesty's land forces serv- ing in the territorial possessions of the East, and his absence from the scene of capture was immaterial. The court, therefore, overruled the claim put for- ward on the part of General Whitlock to the whole of the booty on the ground that his forces were not a portion of the army commanded by Lord Clyde. The same decision was given with respect to General Mansfield and such members of the personal and general staff as were in the field with Lord Clyde. At its close the learned judge said the result of this judgment then is, that I declare Lord Clyde and his staff, personal as well as general, entitled to share in the booty captured at Banda and Kirwee; and, sub- ject to this right, I award the whole of the booty to Gen. Whitlock and his forces, including amongst the latter the troops under Colonel Keating and any other troops left by General Whitlock en his march, but who at the time of the capture formed a portion of his division, and were still under his command. I dis- allow all other claims. The judgment ocoupied more than three hours in its delivery, and was attentively listened to throughout by an unusually large attendance of barristers, and a number of ladies, some of whom occupied seats on the bench, and others in the galleries of the court.
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THE EUROPEAN WAR.
THE EUROPEAN WAR. BERLIN, JULY 3. Authentic intelligence from Bohemia states that Field-Marshal Benedek has found himself compelled, i in consequence of the dissolution of the corps of General von Gablenz, and the retreat of the Austrian and Saxon troops, to abandon the operations that he had commenced near Gitachin, and to concentrate his army in a more distant position. GITSCHIN, JULY 2. It is estimated that in oonsequence of all the com- bats and battles since the 26th of last month between 30,000 and 40,000 Austrians are put hors de combat. About 15,000 prisoners have been made at the battles of Gitschin, Skalitcz, Naohod, and in the engagements at Hiinerwasser, Miinchengratz, and Turnau. The number of killed and wounded is more than 20,000. Several battalions have bean completely annihilated. The Saxon corps the Kalik brigade, the Clam-Gallas oorps, and the Gablenz corps are completely broken up, and for the present not in condition to fight. The Austrian army has retired to a strong position between Josephstadt and Koniggraetz on the other side of the Elbe, and according to the statement of some captured officers the soldiers are discouraged and the army partly in a state of dissolution. VIENNA, JUNE 28. The official reports fully confirm the victory of the 6th Austrian Army Corps over the army of the Crown Prince of Prussia at Skalicz. The following details have been received of the brilliant encounter which took place yesterday at Oswiencin. The Austrian forces, composed of one battalion and a half of infantry, two squadrons of Uhlans, and half a field battery, drove back the enemy with heavy losses across the Vistula, after a struggle which lasted ten hours. The Prussian forces consisted of three companies of Fusiliers, three battalions of Landwehr, one entire regiment of Uhlans, and half a field battery. REPULSE OF THE AUSTRIANS IN BOHEMIA. VIENNA, JUNE 29. The following official despatch relates to the battles of the 28th iast. "PARDUBITZ, JUNE 29. "The Prussians were yesterday completely defeated by the Austrian forces, under General von Gablenz Leaving behind 1,000 killed and wounded, they with drew to Prussian territory towards Glatz. "After occupying Jioin yesterday, the Prussians were attacked by the cavalry division of General von Edelsheim, they were driven out of Jicin, and repulsed towards Tiernau. In oonsequence of this defeat, the Prussians last night evacuated Melnik, Druba, and Leipa, and withdrew in great haste to Niemes. The Prussian losses by General von Edelsheim's attack were enormous. The strategie operation of the Austrian army was completely successful. The junction of Prince Frederick Charles with the army of Silesia was pre- vented. The Austrian loss in the battles of the last three days is estimated at nearly 2,000 killed and wounded. The Prussian loss is at least equal." VIENNA, JULY 1. The firet Austrian army corps and the Saxon corps were repulsed yesterday by the Prussians. In conse- quence of this repulse the Austrian army fell back in the direction of Konigsgratz. The following official telegram, dated Prague, June 30, has been published here to-day" Engage- ments took place yesterday at Kost, near Tur- nau, and at Chwalkowitz, between Kalitz and Konigshof, in the district of Jungbunzlau, which resulted favourably to the Austrians. Bohmnisk and Kamnitz have been evacuated by the Prussians. The latter were also defeated, while flying from Flicin, by the combined Austrian and Saxon forces. They left their dead and wounded on the field." REICHENBERG, JULY 1. The Prussian army in Bohemia is making victorious progress. The fifth and third divisions took Gitschin by storm on the 29th ult. The Prussian loss was not inconsiderable, the enemy's position being very strong. The loss sustained by the Austrians is estimated at about 4,000 men. T, „ LAUBAN, JULY 1. It is announced that the total loss of the Austrians up to the present is 20,000 men. ANOTHER GREAT BATTLE IN BOHEMIA: THE AUSTRIANS AGAIN DEFEATED. GITSCHIN, JULY 3, 8 P.M. The Prussian army has gained another brilliant victory over the Austrians, near Sadowa, one mile and a half south of Miletin. HORZITZ, NEAR GITSCHIN, JULY 3,11 P.M. The Prussian army won a complete victory to-day over the Austrian army near Koniggratz, bebween the Elbe and Bristritz. The battle last eight hours. No estimate has yet been formed of the loss of the Aus- trians, or of the number of trophies captured. Twenty guns fell into the hands of the Prussians. All the eight Prussian army corps were engaged, and suffered great loss. BERLIN, JULY 4. The fresh victory of the Prussians yesterday in Bohemia was announced here this morning by salvoes of artillery. GITSCHIN, JULY 4, MORNING. After the brilliant victory gained yesterday, the Prussians continued the pursuit of the Austrian army without delay. DEPARTURE OF THE KING OF PRUSSIA FOR THE ARMY. BERLIN, JUNE 30. The King left here to-day, and will arrive to-morrow morning at Raiohenberg. His Majesty was most enthusiastically cheered by the crowds assembled in the streets from the palace. to the railway station. DEFEAT OF THE PRUSSIANS IN BOHEMIA. PARDUBITZ, JUNE 27. Since ten this morning a continual fire of artillery has been kept up by the Austrian and Prussian forces between Neustadt and Nachod, in Bohemia. The Prussians were repulsed near Skalitz, where cavalry took part in the action. At six this evening the Prussians were beaten, and in full retreat, leaving their dead and wounded on the. field. BERLIN, JUNE 27. Last. night the army of the Elba had a successful engagement near Turnau, taking seven Austrian officers and 500 men prisoners. The engagement was of a very spirited oharaoter, and lasted until midnight. The troops engaged were the Prussian division under General von Horn and the Austrian brigade under General Potschappel. The Prussians lost a colonel, a lieatenant, and a captain. THE HANOVERIAN ARMY. BERLIN, JUNE 26. It is again positively announced that the Hanoverian army is completely surrounded, and that the attempts made by some detachments to escape have been re- pulsed. It is added that the King of Hanover has demanded twenty-four hours for deliberation on the conditions upon which his army has been called upon to capitulate. This demand has been granted, although it is believed to have been made in the expectation of receiving assistance from the -Bavarian army. It is considered improbable here that this expectation will be realised. SPAIN. MADRID (viA BAYONNE), JUNE 26. Yesterday 21 sergeants lmplIcated in the recent revolt were shot. Several more will be shot to-day. The insurgents who SUcoeeded in leaving Madrid surrendered to the Royal troops to-day. The printing offices of the Progressist and Demo. cratic newspapers have been closed by the Govern- ment. AMERICA. ao nt -p NEW YORK, JUNE 19. The House of Representatives has adopted a resolu- tion requesting the President to furnish information relative to the alleged arrest of peaceable citizens of the United States by the British authorities in Ire- land. The Fenian president Roberts has had interviews at Washington with Senators Wilson, Wade, Nye, Grin- neil, Colfax, and others. Roberts was introduced yes- on the floor of the Senate by Senator Wilson, of Massachusetts. In the evening Speaker Colfax in- troduced him to the soldiers' fair. James Stephens has declined offers of similar intro. ductions. NEW YORK, JUNE 21. The report of the minority of the reconstruction committee in Congress declares the Southern States to be in the Union, and that they have never been out of it. The Canadian authorities are reported to have de- manded of the Federal Government the extradition of the Fenian leaders. James Stephens has returned to New York from Washington. Advices received from Mexico report that on the 18th ult. the Liberals captured a railway train of am- munition and merchandise on its way from Matamoros into the interior. The Imperial convoy of 2,000 men were, it is stated, defeated, and 800 captured.
THE BATTLE OF CUSTOZZA.
THE BATTLE OF CUSTOZZA. The Florence journals of the 26th of June publish the following details of the battle fought on the 24th instant:— The Austrian forces numbered 60,000 men, with a considerable quantity of artillery. The Italian cavalry regiments did not abandon their position, nor were they overcome, until after the enemy had received heavy reinforcements. Towards nightfall, both the Italians and Austrians retired from their respective positions. The division under Prince Humbert was attacked a little distance from Villafranca by two regi- ments of Hussars. He ordered a battalion of infantry to form square, remaining themselves in their midst, and repulsed the charge of the Hussars. Prince Amadeus received a wound in the chest while leading a brigade of Grenadiers. The Piannelli division took prisoners an entire battalion of Austrian chasseurs. The Govone division took the position of Custozza and part of Monte Torre by assault, and held them till night, notwith- standing the onslaughts made by the enemy with greatly superior forces. Cuzia's division took posses- sion of another part of Monte Torre and Monte Croce, and held them till evening. The Sirtori divi- sion took Santa Lucia, and also remained in posses- sion until the evening the first army corps reserve on the heights to the left. of Valeggio held in check an overwhelming number of Austrians before which General Cerale had been forced to retire; Bixio's divi- sion and the cavalry of the line protected the retreat of the army, which was effected in good order. The Italian cavalry had several engagements with the Austrians, who sofferedheavy losses, and the 3rd army corps made about 1,000 prisoners. The Italian losses are great, but those of the enemy are believed to be still more considerable. .1' General Villarez was killed, and Generals Durando, Cerale, and Gozzani were wounded while charging at the head of their men. The troops are in excellent spirits, and anxious to renew the contest."
THE BATTLES IN BOHEMIA.
THE BATTLES IN BOHEMIA. The following dispatch has just been received at Berlin from his Royal Highness the Crown Prince of Prussia:— "I have most respectfully to report to your Majesty as follows upon the events of to-day — On the afternoon of the 26th General Von Stein- metz had pushed forward his vanguard under Major General von Lowenfeldt towards Nachod. After a short engagement the latter got possession of the pass, which was abandoned by the Austrians with a loss of 18 killed. The vanguard threw out skirmishers in the direction of Skalitz. At half-past nine this morning the vanguard was sharply attacked by two brigades of the 6th Austrian Corps, well provided with artillery, and followed by a third brigade as support. The Prince Holstein's heavy cavalry division at the same time appeared upon the field. By the efforts of the vanguard, which withdrew, slowly skirmishing, time was gained for the main body of the corps to emerge from the pass and reach the heights immediately in front. At this moment I came up in good time from Branuau. As the troops arrived they were immediately thrown forward to hold the nearest heights, the Kirchbach division to the right and the Lowenfeldt division to the left. The entire artillery, 90 guns was brought up into the line of battle, to meet which the enemy was reinforced by the last brigade of the 6th Carps and its reserve artillery. The advance of the enemy was soon checked, and as soon as our corps-strengthened by an infantry regiment and re- serve—had taken up its position, we were enabled energetically to assume the offensive. The hostile Prince John's Cuirassier Brigade was defeated by a brilliant charge of the 1st Uklans and 8th Dragoons, under General von Wnuck, after a most desperate hand-to-hand combat. Each regiment captured a hostile standard. General von Wnuok, Colonel von Treskow, and Lieutenant-Colonel von Wichmann, the commanders of both regiments, received honourable wounds. The infantry, whose fire had been of admirable effect, attacked at various points with the bayonet., and took possession of the advanced woodland and surrounding ground. In these operations the flag of the 3rd Deutschmeister Battalion fell into our hands. Towards three p.m. all the enemy's troops were in retreat, followed up by the fire of our artillery. One detachment of the 1st Uhlans succeeded in capturing two guns; three others were abandoned in the hasty retreat. The cavalry, supported by some of the in- fantry, engaged in temporary pursuit, while the bri- gade of the 6th Corps, that came up towards evening, undertook the vanguard. I returned to Nachod about six o'clock, after I had seen almost all the troops that had been engaged upon the field, and had thanked them in your Majesty's name. The "battle of to-day is an honour to General von Steinmetz and the 5th Army Corps. I cannot suffi- ciently praise the extraordinary coolness of the young troops. All arms have vied most gloriously in the dis- charge of their duty. The needle. gun effected con- siderable slaughter, and caused the failare of all the enemy's attacks, which were undertaken with great intrepidity. The artillery displayed rare powers of endurance in ,face of the hostile nre, at first greatly superior, and the cavalry showed itself more than a match for the much-vaunted Austrian horse. Upon the Austrian side 28 battalions were under fire, from all of which prisoners have fallen into our hands. The 5th Corps, on the other hand, had only twenty-two battalions to oppose to this force, and of these the troops kept in reserve only came uader the fire of grenades. The brilliant success of the day has been purchased with comparatively slight lose. From all I have seen I estimate it at from 500 to 600 men, among whom are a very considerable number of our brave officers. In addition to those already mentioned among the superior grades, I have to report Major von Natzmsr, of the 8th Dragoons, killed, Major- General von Ollech and Colonel von Walther, com- mander of the 46th regiment, wounded. The enemy's loss is, on the other band, very Jarge. Over 2,000- prisoners are in our hands. »His dead lay in many places in heaps, so that I estimate his total loss at over 4,000 men. The trephies taken were the above-mentioned five gnns, one flag, and two standards. I shall not fail to forward to your Majesty, as soon as possible, further details and a special list of losses, together with the names of those who had the opportunity of especially distinguishing themselves. "FREDERICK WILLIAM, Crown Prince, General of Infantry, and Commander-in-Chief of the Second Army." The following official dispatch refers briefly to the events of the ensuing day Breslau, June 29. I have to announce to your Majesty a second vic- tory upon the 28th, more hotly contested and more sanguinary than upon the 27th. Great loss in officers and men, though that of the enemy decidedly greater. Some trophies have again been taher., but the number is still uncertain. Numerous prisoners have been made. Skalitz is in my hands. An order of Benedek's shows that I was opposed to-day by the Archduke Leopold, with the 6th and 8th Corps. After two battles my troops are full of courage and enthusiasm, breaking out into loud cheers. "STEINMETZ." King William delivered the following speech to the people, who brought him an address yesterday evening:- I know your patriotism cornea from the heart, and it is, therefore, grateful to mine. God has given «mr valiant armies the victory, but this is only the begin- ning. A diffioult task remains still to be accomplished. As victory has always attended our banners, with God's help the future will be ours also. With this hope I go to thCJ army to-morrow. Up, then, with God for King and Fatherland! His Majesty uttered the last sentence in a loud voice, standing with bared head and holding his helmet in his uplifted right hand. -4
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!SUMMARY OF PASSING EVENTS.…
SUMMARY OF PASSING EVENTS. II WAR and politics absorb all the attention of the English nation at the present moment, and people are beginning to ask themselves where the Con- tinental strife will end. Accounts we receive by telegram are most confusing. Sometimes we hear of a victory over the Prussians by the Austrians, then the tables are turned and we hear of a great victory over the Austrians by the Prussians. The same may be said of the Italian efforts to obtain possession of Vemetia from Austria. Whilst Garibaldi has been successful with his volunteers in some guerilla warfares, Victor Emmanuel has had to retreat before the superior forces of the Austrians. Meanwhile blood is being shed on all sides, and the lesser States of Germany are suffering from a compulsory command to join one or other of the hostile forces of Austria or Prussia. Thus Hanover and Hesse Cassel have been taken pos- session of by the Prussians. The King of Hanover, though blind, encouraged his army for a time, but eventually sent the Crown jewels to England for security, and promised not to fight against Prussia during the present war. But by far the most formidable battle which has yet been fought has been in Bohemia, where, it is asserted, 100,000 men came into conflict, and the Austrians were worsted iR two battles. Strange to say, on the news of victory reaching Berlin, the whole popula- tion regarded the king as a hero, and his Prime Minister Bismarck as a noble fellow. A few weeks ago both were unpopular with the people; but since the Prussian flag has been triumphant, both the despotic king and his minister have received tremendous ovations. There is, we apprehend, an animal passion inherent in man that, like the tiger which has tasted blood, longs for more. It is not so, however, with those who calmly con- sider that war may oftentimes be near akin to murder. IN Spain there has been something like revolu- tion. No sooner had the Spanish fleet returned from the unsuccessful attempt to subdue the Peruvians than there was a revolt in Madrid, which has been suppressed with bloodshed. All the sergeants of the revolted regiments were ordered to be shot; and the execution, by martial law, of some hundreds of civilians who took part in the insurrection is expected to follow imme- diately. In the meanwhile the press has been gagged by the order of Marshal O'Donnell, who was himself a successful insurrectionist some years ago. AMERICAN news is rather of a stirring character. The trial of Fenians was going on at Montreal, and it is generally believed that those who can be proved to have fired on British troops will be hung. A great Fenian mass meeting was being organised, but the authorities had interdicted it. The Canadians, it is said, have demanded indem- nity from the United States for permitting the gathering of forces intended to invade them, and there is a likelihood of some unpleasantness aris- ing from such a claim. As to politics, we will leave them alone for the present, as we are all in the dark as to the future policy of Lord Derby. The open-air demonstra- tions have all been in favour of Mr. Gladstone and in direct opposition to a new Government; but not a few of the more orderly classes of the com- munity say, Let us not condemn them unheard; give them a chance, and if they don't succeed, Mr. Gladstone will be a more popular man than ever." IN domestic matters we may mention that the disputed claim to the title of Earl of Bredalbane, in the Scotch peerage, was settled last week in the Edinburgh Court of Session by ten to two in favour of Campbell of Glenfallock against Camp- bell of Boreland. Glenfallock's grandfather ran away with a grocer's wife in 1781, and lived with her, without any marriage ceremony being per- formed, even after the grocer's death, which occurred in 1784, whilst in 1788 Glenfallock's father was born. The decision is, that by the Scotch maniage law, after the first husband's death, this illicit connection became marriage by repute, and the offspring is to have all the privi- leges of legitimacy. THE celebrated case of the Banda and Kirwee prize money came to an end last week, and the octogenarian judge, Dr. Lushington, gave a most elaborate judgment, which occupied three hours in the delivery, and will stand as a wonderful proof of an old man's genius. The result is that he declares Lord Clyde and his staff, personal as well as general, entitled to share in the booty captured at Banda and Kirwee; and, subject to this right, he awards the whole of the booty to General Whitlock and his forces, including amongst the latter the troops under Colonel Keat- ing, and other troops left by General Whitlock on his march, but who at the time of the capture formed a portion of his division, and were still under his command, disallowing all other claims. MR. GOODEVE, a curate at Bristol, has become Earl of Mar without a penny or foot of land con- nected with the title. The estates go to the heir male; the title to heirs whomsoever; and the late earl has bequeathed all his personal property, not to the inheritor of the title, but to the inheritor of the estates. THE Great Eastern has left her moorings on the Medway, and has arrived at Valentia, from whence she will shortly start on her mission of laying the Atlantic Telegraph Cable. Everthing has been. very carefully prepared, and we trust that no mishaps will prevent the present effort being a success. THE revenue returns for the year and quarter ending June 30 are highly favourable. The re- venue for the year has been X67,726,436, or a net decrease of 41,862,320. The greater proportion of this arises from the reduction in the income-tax, the decrease under that head being £ 1,922,000. Customs also, owing to reductions in taxation, have yielded less by £ 935,000 than in the previous year. On the other hand, the revenue from excise has increased bv £ 508,000; stamps, £ 72,000; taxes, I £ 154,000; post-office, £ 240,000; Crown lands, £ 10,000; and miscellaneous, £ 10,680. On the I quarter the net decrease is only £ 85,836, the total revenue being £ 17,463,644, j