The Brecon Reporter and South Wales General Advertiser

£ :>■<(- *"« >3 2% biU_2:^ FIRST BRSCKtJCTJvSHraE RIFLE VOLUNTEER CORPS. ORDERS for the Week ending MAY 18th, 1867. ——— Officer on duty—Ensign G. W. Powell. I Orderly Sergeant—Frederick Hodges. Corporal-Henry Bennett. Fall Dress Parade with band on Wednesday, the 15th instant, fall in at 6-45 p.m. 10 rounds of blank ammunition to be passed to each member. Recruit Drill every evening at 7-30 p.m. The undermentioned section drills under the command of their respective non-commissioned officers, will take place until further orders, viz:- 1st Section on Monday-2nd Section on Tuesday. 3rd „ on Thursday—4th on Friday. Fall in at 7-30 p.m. The Reading Room will be open every evening (except Saturday and Sunday). The Sergt. In- structor will attend on Monday, Wednesday, and Friday, and the Orderly Sergeant for the week on Tuesday, and the Corporal on Thursday. The hours are from 7 to 9-30 p.m. C!1 The band will practice on Thursday evening. By Order, PENRY LLOYD, Orderly Rooms, Watton, Capt. Commanding. Brecon, May 10th, 1867. NOTICE TO ADVERTISERS AND \I.. (. CORRESPONDENTS. All Correspondence and Advertisements to be ad- dressed to the Editor, u Reporter" Office, Bulwark, Brecon, on or before Friday morning. The Editor will not undertake to return rejected communications, and wishes his correspondents to that whatever is iittended joi- in- sertion, must be verified by the name and address of the writer.

THE great Reform meeting in Hyde-park, so much feared and deprecated until the last moment, has happily passed off without giving rise to a single incident that could properly justify alarm. It must be a satisfaction to all parties in the State, whatever their own par- ticular, views as to Reform itself, to find that the-masses of the people have proved them- selves capable of taking part in a political demonstration on a large scale, in a most peaceable and orderly manner. It is high time, indeed, that the last remnant of the feel- ing that the working classes of the country are a disorderly rabble who cannot be trusted, should be dismissed from the minds of all who have ever entertained it. Their demeanour on each occasion of the metropolitan gatherings during the last few months has been all that their best fri-etidi could desire, and we have the testimony of General Peel and others to the fact that it has had the most salutary in- fluence upon those who were previously in- clined to look upon them with mistrust and suspicion: After the notice issued from the Home Office, warning all people to abstain from at- tempting to take part in Monday's meeting, there was every reason to fear that the avowed determination of the Reform League to persist would lead to a calamitous result. But the publication at the last hour, evidently by authority of the Government, of the opinion of the legal advisers to the Crown that there was no power to stop the demonstration, created as much satisfaction for the time as, undoubtedly, it caused surprise. Satisfaction could not but be felt that a collision between the authorities and the people would be avoided but it was certainly astonishing to find that the Govern- ment had taken up a position from which they were compelled immediately to Recede. The ill-advised notification issued by Mr. Walpole could only have been justified had there been a clear legal opinion in support of the exercise of authority to which it pointed; but the effect of the opinion was entirely the other way. Moreover, this opinion was not one for which the Government had been waiting, and -under which it could therefore act only on tho eve of the event, for it had been before the Government ever since the meetings of last year were first proposed. The mistake com- mitted would have been far more serious in its influence upon the authority of the Govern- ment had the Reformers been less moderate in their triumph. The actual state of the law has now been very clearly defined. As far back as 1856, the legal advisers of Lord Palmerston's Go- vernment had laid it down that although there was a right in the Crown to exclude the public from the parks, persons who had once entered could only be turned out by distinct notice that the -license to enter was withdrawn. In fact,, the .rules which apply to trespass in an ordinary case were i force with respect to the parks, and, righttof user having been es- b tablished, it could not be terminated suddenly, .if at all. It was this opinion which, in July last year, was laid .before Sir William Bovill and Sir Hugh Cairnes, the law advisers to Lord Derby's Government: and they were distinctly asked whether there was any legal authority to disperse by force a park meeting for political purposes. The answer was very clearly in the negative, and the general prin- ciple previously laid down was fully supported. It was further expressly stated that the con- templated assembly was not unlawful so long as the conduct of the persons taking part in it were peaceable. The difficulties of action in the way of interference of the Government, even under the law of trespass, were so great as practically to render it incapable of taking any steps in the matter. Publication of notice of ejectment would not be sufficient, for there are many who cannot and others who would not read, and a distinct service of notice and warning to each individual* must be shown. This, in the case of a mass meeting, is of course entirely out of the question. Moreover, after notice served the individual who has received it must be removed without violence, and can- not be arrested if he is quiet. "If the as- sembly remain peaceable, the police can do nothing but hand out man after man. In no b case can they legally clear the park by a charge." The military cannot be brought for- ward at all except in case of riot. 'With this clear and explicit opinion before them, the wonder is that the Government did not bring forward early in the Session the bill for the better protection of the parks, which they only introduced on the Friday night be- fore the meeting. By this bill it is provided that no meeting of a public character shall take place in the parks without the Sovereign's permission, and any person convening or as- sisting in such a meeting is liable to be arrested and summarily convicted, and to a penalty not exceeding £10, or one month's imprisonment.

ARCHDEACON'S VISITATION. The Venerable R. W. P. Davies, Archdeacon of Brecon, held his annual visitation at the Priory Church, Brecon on Tuesday last. There was a large attendance of the clergy and churchwardens of the archdeaconry. Choral service was held at the church at 11 o'clock. The Rev. John Jones, curate, intoned the service. The first lesson was read by the Rev. Herbert Williams, Vicar of Bre- con, and the second lesson by the Rev. G. B. Sharpe, curate. The secretary called over the names of the clergy, after which, the Archdeacon delivered his charge to the clergy and churchwar- dens. He expressed his gratification at seeing so many present. In his charge the Archdeacon re- ferred to the desirability of proper and suitable, ves- sels being provided for the celebration of the Holy Communion, that in former years the same had been much neglected, but during the past ten or twelve years or so a vast improvement had taken place. He also dwelt upon the necessity of fre- quently celebrating the Holy Communion. The Archdeacon eulogized the efforts of the clergy who had during the past few years succeeded in resto- ring so many churches, and suggested the desira- bility of forming a church building society for the archdeaconry. He also spoke upon the question of ritualism, and deprecated much the practices of the extreme ritualists. The Archdeacon stated the propriety of keeping the churchyard fences in repair, and preventing the Icliiirellyird being depastured by horses or cattle under any circumstances. The names of the churchwardens were then called over, and the list of licenses to non-resident incumbents read, upon which the meeting terminated. A Lunchoon was afterwards served up at the Castle Hotel. The Venerable Archdeacon presided, and John Thirlwall, Esq., vice chairman. Upwards of 40 of the clergy besides some of the church- wardens were present. The customary toasts were given, the health of the Lord Bishop was drank. The Rev. Garnons Williams proposed in eulogistic terms the health of the Archdeacon. The healths of the Rural Deans, coupling the name of the Rev. David Parry, and the health of the Vicar of Brecon and other toasts followed.

EXTRAORDINARY BIRTIIS.-Oll theth inst., the wife of Private Patrick Corbett, Military Train, stationed in Dublin, was delivered of four children, three girls and one boy. The mother and children are all doing well.

FOREIGN AND BRITISH BREEDS OF CATTLE. ■ Continued.. THE ZEBU. In India the species of oxen called the Zebu is very nnmerous, they vary in size from ordinary cattle to that of a Newfoundland dog the limbs are of a deer-like shape, in the shoulders there is a fatty lump, which has been known to weigh 50lbs. they are used for the purposes of com- merce, draught, bearing burdens, &c. they are also used by the Princes of India in their state processions; their motion is easy, they can trot and gallop almost as freely as a horse, and can go about 20 to 30 miles a day—some say 50 or 60 miles The milk-white colour is highly esteemed by the Hindoos, as having a character of sanctity, hence the name of "Brahmin Bull." Very often rich Hindoos dedicate a bull of this color to SIVA, one of their gods he is branded with the emblem of the god, and is thenceforth exempt from labour and wanders where he will, no one strikes or molests him,—if he lies down in a narrow lane no one can pass until he gets up of his own accord he feeds in gardens and rice fields; or whenever he chooses to enter the market place, helps himself to the choicest fruit, or the" most tempting pastry on the green-grocer or confectioner's stalls, the poor trades- men being silent but no doubt unwilling witnesses of his dainty repast. We might observe here the wTmderful arrange- ment of Providence in the adaptation of animals to the donate. In India and hot climates the heavy ox of Holland and England could not exist for any time, hence we find a less bulky and more agile beast like the Rebu. THE YAK, OR GRUNTING OX. In the North of India and Central Asia another species of foreign cattle meets us—the Yak, or, Grunting Ox. He is stout in form, short muscu- lar limbs, and his tail resembles that of the horse- hence he has been called by some the horse-tailed Buffalo they vary much in size, there must have been some exceedingly large—judging from the tail of one preserved in the British Museum which measures six feet long they are the only species cultivated by the Tartar tribes they are a hardy sure-footed beast, the hair supplies them with ropes and tents, their skins provide them with coverings the milk is good and yields excellent butter. A profitable trade is carried on by the Tartars in disposing of the white tails which these oxen possess. These tails are dyed of various colours, and are in request all over the east, being used as standards in Persia, Turkey, &c. In India they are used as fans, with beautiful ivory handles for driving off the flies the Chinese use them for ornaments on their bonnets—on the same principle as our modern ladies have so extensively patronised Natural History in the use of birds, wings, &c. as ornaments. One peculiarity of this anim Ll is that instea.d of bellowing like ordinary cattle it grunts like a pig.

BRITISH CATTLE. The origin of our present breed of domestic cattle has been a subject of much discussion. Their introduction into these islands is neither known in history or asserted in tradition. The bulk of evidence seems in favour of the theory that as- signs their origin to the race of wild animals of the Urus race. Julius Caesar describes some of these as existing when he landed in Britain, as being little short of an elephant in size. Many fossil remains oi this species liftye-lwn found and quite correspond with the description of Gesar. The climate of Great Britain and Ireland is pro- ductive of great variety of pastures, and as it is on the supplies of food thlit the size and strength of the animals much depend, we find a corresponding variety in the breeds of cattle and their condition. Caesar informs us that the people lived on milk and flesh to the neglect of tillage another writer of the same period states that such was the rich- ness of the Irish pastures that the cattle of the "Green Isle" would burst if allowed to feed on them too long. Tillage received little or no atten- tion for many centuries, and during the feudal times immense stores of food were laid up. We read that in the castle-of one of the Spencers, in the month of May, when nearly all the winter stock was cleared out there was still remaining in salt 80 oxen, 600 bacons, and 600 sheep. The breeding of cattle however, was much neglected for the more profitable pasturage of sheep, indeed, so great was the evil that in 1555, Parliameut in- interfered, and a law was enacted to the following effect :—" Forasmuch as of late years a great num- ber of persons in this realm have laid their land, farms, and pastures to the-feeding of sheep, oxen, runts, scrubs, steers, and heifers, &c. having no regard or care to breed up young beasts and cattle, whereby is grown great scarcity of cattle and victual, it is enacted that a cow shall be kept wherever there are 60 sheep, and a calf reared wherever there are 120 sheep." About the middle of the 12th century an agricultural writer, Fitz- stephens, mentions a number of wild oxen that infested the woods round London. Hector Boece, in his History and Chronicles of Scotland, mentions a wild species of cattle.—" At this toun (Stirling) "began the grat wod of Calidon. This wod of Calidon ran fra Stirling throw Monteith and Stratherne to Atholl and Loehquhabir. In this wod was som time quhit bullis with crisped and curled mane, like feirs lionis, and thoucht they semit meik and tame in the remanent figure of thair bodyis, they were mair wild than ony uther beistis, and had sic hatrent aganis the societe and cumpany of men, that they come nevir in the woodis. Also sone as any man invadit thir bullis thay ruschit with terrible press on him that tliay dang him to the eird; fcakand na feir of houndis, scharp lancis, nor uther maist penitrive wappinis." The family name of Turnbull in Scotland is sup- posed to have been derived from one of their an- cestors who turned a bull which had nearly slain King Robert Bruce in Calidon Wood. Wild white cattle, the supposed descendants of those alluded too, stil remain at Chillingham Castle, at Northumberland, and at the Duke of Hamilton's, in Lanark; th{y have however lost the mane as- cribed to them by early writers, and the female is destitute of horns they are about the size of West Highland cattle, a dun white color, the muzzle is black, inside of ear red, hoof and tongue black. It appears from various notices that a race -of cattle similar to these existed in Wales, as early as'the 10th century. Howell Da, surnamed the good, describes certain cattle as being white and having red ears at a subsequent period we are informed that as a compensation for offences against certain Princes of Wales-there were' de- manded 100 white cows with red ears, that if the cattle were black 150 were to be given. The breeds of cattle as they are now found 111 Great Britain are almost as various as the soils of the different districts they have, however, been very conveniently classed according to the com-j parative size of the horns;—the Long Horns, the Short Horns, the Middle Horns, (not derived froi-a i a mixture of the preceding, but a distinct breed;) t and lastly the Polled or Hornless Cattle. These have, however, been mjxed, and so many mongrel breeds result that it is often really difficult to pro- cure the real "Simon pure." The question arises which is the original breed of English Cattle ? The short horns and the polls can have no claim the first is evidently of foreign extraction, and is of modern culture the iatter although it has ex- isted in certain districts from time immemorial, was probably an accidental variety. Youatt and others are inclined to give the palm to the middle horns this breed is found in its greatest purity in Devonshire.

Physicians of all nations have been comparing notes at a cholera conference at Weimar. One point on which all present were agreed was that the malady is most frequently introduced into a. country by travellers from abroad. An all but unanimous opinion was also expressed that cholera only exists under certain conditions of soil and water supply. The discussion, which promises to yield valuable results, closed with the adoption of resolutions recommending disinfection, cleanliness, and a supply of pure water, as the most effective means of preventing the disease spreading.

BRECON AND MERTHYR RAILWAY. HEREFORD, HAY, AND BRECON SECTION. DOWN TRAINS. 1 1 ¥ & 2 a.m. p.in. p.m. p.m. Hereford. dep.1 9 45 1 Oi 3 10! 8 10 Credenhili 9 57 1 13; 3 22' 8 22 Moorhampton 10 8 1 26 3 3-2, 8 35 Kitmersley 10 18 1 35; 3 40; 8 45 Eardisley K) 251 1 45: 3 4G 8 50 Whitney .10 32 1 50 3 54 9 0 Hay 10 4°: 2 0; 4 2 9 lP Glasbury 10 50| 2 lOj 4 9; 9 20 Three Cocks Junction. 11 oj 2 loi 4 14; 9 26 Talgarth 11 15j 2 22j 4 24 9 34 Taiyllyn Junction .41 35j 2 35! 4 35 9 50 Brecon — arr. ll 45! 2 45; 4 4510 0 Dowlais |l2;25j j- 5 25; Merthvr (by coach). 1 15! '6 15' UP TRAINS. 1 1 2> £ am. a.m. j a.m. p.m. -¡_ Merthyr (by coach). 8 151 Dowlais 9 15j -| Brecon dep. 7 OjlO 3042 45! 5 30 Taiyllyn Junction 7 10J10 40jl2 52' 5 40 Talgarth 7 22; 10 50' 1 5; 5 55 Three Cocks Junction. 7 30|11 ()! 1 14s 6 5 Glasbury 7 35111 5! 1 19! 6 10 j Hay 7 45-11 15 I 28' 6 25 j Whitney 7 55111 26j 1 38| 6 35 Eardisley 8 3]11 35 1 45 6 42 Kinuersiey 8 10:11 40j 1 52; 6 47 Moorhampton 8 22 11 52j 2 3l 6 57 Credenhili 8 35 12 31 7 10 ■: Hereford arr.l> 8 45-12 15' 2 25l 7 25 BRECON AND MERTHYR SECTION. DOWN TRAINS WEEK DAYS. STATIONS. »- —— 1,2, and 3 Class. A.M. j A.M. A.M. P.M. P.M. Brecon dep. 7 45(11 20j 4 20) Talvllyn 7 55 11 35 4 35 Talybont 8 5)11 45] 4 45 Dolygaer 8 35112 15", 5 15 Pfillt arr. 8 45112 25 5 25 Merthvr, by Coach 9 45) 1 1&| 0 15 UP TRAINS. WEEK DAYS. Stations- ■ 1 2lfoa-3CS A.M. A.M. A.M. P.M. P.M. Merthyr, by Coach 8 151-1 45 5 o| Dowlais or Pant. 9 15 12 45 6 0; Dolygaer 9 25 12 55 6 10! Talybont y 50 ] 30: 6 4t){ Taiyllyn jlO 0 1 50i 6 50 Brecon, arr.jlO 15 2 Oj 7 5[ ■- -1 MID-WALES RAILWAY: STATIONS; 7 1 r~ UP TRAINS. a.m. !P-M- Mer. (coach)d. ~777~j-8-15 7.7' 1145 ~77T Dowlais 9 1.5 1245 § t; Dolygaer 9 25 1255 S Talybont 9 50 jl 30 fq Taiyllyn J. ar.! JlO 0 jl 40 ClassesonMd-iI,2, 3.jl;2, 3.jl,2,3.|l,2, 1,2,3 WalesRailvva | a.m. jmixedj p.m. p.m. p.m. Brecon. dep-j 7 15| 9 30.12 35jl 30.5 0 TalvllynJ.arr 7 25; 9 40jl2 454 40 5 10 TalvllynJuc.d 7- 25'ld 012 45jl 50,5 10 Trefiuon J5 Talgarth 7 4.0.10 30 1 0-2 20 5 26 £ 3 Cocks Juc.d J 7 45 10 40 1 5i2 30;5 33 02 3 (Jocks Juc.d.1 7 45 11 0 ~T 5:2 40;5 33 -3 Boughrood .j 7 5411 15 1 12 3 7,5 38 ■j £ Erwood 8 6 11 35 1 25'3 32j5 48 4 Builth ('Wells)j 8 22 12 10' 1 40|4 22 6 3 jjp Newbridge. 8 35 1 55if> 13 6 18 Doldowlod 8 45 2 5j 6 28 Rhayader ..J 8 52 j 2 12!6 3|6 38 Pantydwr 9 15; j 2 27^6 2816 50 Tylwch | j .• j. j 'Llanidloesarr.- 9 30' 2 42;6 50'7 10 • STATIONS.' DOWN TRAINS. C)assesl7n3iid-| 1,2;Tl T72^i 1,2,: 1,2,:3 1,2,3 Wales Rail way. jmixedi a.m. p.m. p.m. p.m. Llanidloes dep.; 7 5' 8 5.5 1 0 4 15; Tylwch rt1- Pantydwr 7 371 9 15 1 18 4 33: jS Rhayader 8 2| 9 30jl 35 4 53 ^3 Doldowlod 8 9 9 4011 46 5 3 Newbridge. 8 37 9 50 I 55 5 13 Builth (Wells). 8 5410 5|2 15 5 33 Erwood ••• 110 2O|2 30 5 48 Boughrood. ••• 10 30,;2 40 5 58 ;3 Cocks June j 10 38 2 45 6 8 3"CocSJuc7dep. 1(^38 2~45 6~~8~ Talgarth 10 48 2 53 6 16| Trefiuon Talylly" Juc. ar. Ill 2 3 8 6 30; Taiyllyn Juc.dep 11 2 3 10 6~30~T7. Brecon .arr |ll 15 3 20 6 40 =8 ^|TalyHynJuc.dep. ill 35 4 35"777~ Talybont Ill 4514 45 | g Dolygaer |l2 15|5 15 c- T)OWI-i,is(fo*r*M.ei, 2,5 5 25j

PURE TEA.—The Importations this season on Messrs. Johnson, Johnson, & 00., London, are admitted to be the Purest—Strongest and Best, they are now sold Eight-pence per lb. cheaper and In packets only- to prevent disappointment see that the name is on each packet—it is sold by Agents in every Town. For Agents in this neigh- bourhood see advertisement in our columns. Printed and Published by DAVID WILLIAMS, at his residence on the Bulwark, in the Chapelry of Saint Mary, in the Parish of Saint John the Evangelist, in the County of Brecon.—SATUKDA'J MAY 11, 1867.