Papurau Newydd Cymru
Chwiliwch 15 miliwn o erthyglau papurau newydd Cymru
11 erthygl ar y dudalen hon
;AGRICULTURAL NOTES. j
AGRICULTURAL NOTES. BY A PRACTICAL FARMER. CALF AND PIG FEEDING. oaConfirmation of the great value of crushed ,s and separated milk in the rearing of comes from some experiments which Wing carried on at the Holmes Farm ol West of Scotland College of Agriculture i determine the most economical method of calves. e fu the first experiment sixteen Ayrshire Ves, divided into four lots, all of which fed. for the first four weeks on whole only, were gradually put on the follow- £ rations: Lot 1, separated milk with sh-ed oats; lot 2, separated milk with maize lot 3, whey with home-made calf-meal; J1** lot 4, whole milk. From the age of eight ^ks onwards all the calves received an allow- Cne of finely-broken linseed cake and hay. occlusions are based on the results of twelve ^^ks' careful feeding and weighing, but that j Period is not yet completed in the case of j 4, which so far shows a relatively high cost j feeding as well as great increase in weight. I,, fed on separated milk and crushed oats, ,J0ws the highest average increase in weight week throughout the experiment, while | L rjj* actual cost of feeding is not piuch higher I' ^8!] that of the other lots, and' the average only a fraction over 2id. per pound in- f Cpease per week. I another test, of three different methods of j fading pigs, forty-eight pigs, divided into 1 '■ee lots, are being fed on whey, along with following mixture of meals: Three parts raiz« meal and two parts thirds- and one part prley meal (2 £ lb. meal to 1 gallon whey). i receive their meal dry; lot 2 receive, in Edition to the dry meal, fisdimeal; and lot 3 jl^eive their meal scalded with boiling water. *lsh meal, it is found, adds very greatly to the Jjjtiritive qualities of the food supplied, and h cost is almost negligible. In lot 1 the t'VIerage increase per week has been 81b.. at a ,to-t of 3£d. per lb. in lot 2, 91b., at 2|lb. 4 2 r lb. and in lot 3, only 7ilb., at a cost of per lb. ft FARRIERS AND LABOUR. I sav to the highest-skilled men in agri- ^ltnj-e—the foremen, stockmen, carters, ?^eplierds, engine-dTivers, thatchers, and ^aeksmiths: If you leave your present post go- into the Army or Navy or into a muni- factory your motives may be good but tou-r judgment is wholly bad, and you can Perform a greater service to England to-day Y staying where you are than by going any- where else." It would be impossible, I think, to find a better and stronger defence of the farmer's kild protests against the enlistment of his killed hands than these words, which were I ntly uttered by Lord Selborne, the Presi- ell.t of the Board of Agriculture. There Wa,P,, however, some little reproach in other ^Baarlcs of his, though the farmer is no more to blaIne. than any other employer in not being very readv as a rule to turn to new sources of labour There have been a great number of wiling to volunteer their services, and *^ry few farmers have availed themselves of *«ose services. There has also been a con- siderable amount of volunteer labour offered, again many farmers have not availed joerriselves of these volunteers. I think," said Selboroe, I shall be able to show from example of farmers who liave used women Qd unskilled voluntary labour during the P^st few weeks that a great deal can be done trough such means under the direction of farmer himself. The farmer also has not accustomed to make use of the Labour ^change. It has been outside his sphere of {^rations, and although the Labour Ex- 3'inge has been \ery anxious to help liim, has been no contract between the Ex- a8e and the farmer. Lord Kitchener, under certain restrictions, *S willing to put military labour at the dis- mal of the fanner, and that labour has been to a very considerable extent, though in trying degree in different parts of the conn- Jv"- But 1 do not think anything like as i 1^eh use has been made of it as might have }sor was there any machinery before thing was settled by the War Office to cii- farmers to give a criticism of the condi- under which the War Office was pre- ted to lend the assistance of soldiers. There- i;,l"e, while the farmer will have great difficulty *j* the rnatter of labour, there are various ■Otirees from which labour may be drawn." THE DAIRY SHOW. i The British Dairy Farmers' Association ts?Ve now issued' the prize list for the Dairy jjw> to be held at the Royal Agricultural Islington, on- October 19th, 2t)rh, 21st, J-'d 22nd. Whilst deciding to. continue the how the association has necessarily been CMige<] to lower the prizes somewhat, »•> de- T^iled below; but exhibitors should give it all J?* support they can as a mark of their -appie- .lation of the society's efforts to keep this D'Structive exhibition going in war time. A Inparison of this year's prize list with that Jj 1914 shows that the classes are practical!} same, but there are a few omissions. The classes for cows and heifers are exactly last year, but there is an appreciable de- base in. the prizes for the milking trials, i^e being reduced in some classes from |, r,^ (first), £ 10 (second), and £5 (third), to c I. 1ft 0, X5. and £ 3 respectively, whilst where r t year they were £15., £ 10, and £ 5, they are f j w' £ 7, £ 4, and £ 2. Further, in the case of j^'sey heifers. Kerry and Dexter cows, the /^Pection; prizes are now £ 5, £ 3. and £ 2. ?8a.inst £ 7, £ 4, and £ 2. The bull classes and Tetter tests are as last year, as are the classes prizes for goats. Y The cheese section will this year lack the I _o -at-iot-. Mayor and Corporation* of London's hampion Cup, and there will be no cham- P^n.ship for cheese, whilst there are n umer- but .sligiit reductions in the amount of the ^izes offered. The bacon aixl ham classes on the same lines a-#last year, -and with exception that Colonial butter is mow pro- Vlded with two classes only, instead of two for Australian and New Zealand, the r^ter classes are again the same, but the are lower. There are no classes for t. Elections of dairy produce. I I. CONTINUOUS CROPPING. | jyA very interesting statement by Sir Horace r*;Ullkett is made in a report of a Depart- Committee on Food Production in Ire- He says: "While I am convinced that 5 Oiore productive agriculture depends chiefly t Pon a- reorganisation of the whole business1 of Jfi^ng, such reorganisation must be con- Q-ered in connection with the system of culti- ^tion it is to subserve. So I will now give my ^a8ons for believing that continuous crop- jlrig> as it is called, gives every promise of an in the production of food. j^This system was brought before the Com- ^ittee by "Mr. T. Wibberley, himself a prac- farmer with considerable qualifications ? the scientific side. He maintained that it far better suited to the climatic con- fftlu°ns ^s country" than the ordinary Nor- jj rotation, and' that the change can be igu.n at almost any time of year. By ad-opt- it the farmer can reduce substantially the f an.tity of artificial fertilisers and imported j^eding" stuffs he usually has to buy, and can fj^ble and even treble his production of food, great increase of forage crops (which can q converted into meat, milk, and butter) 8 110ti it- is claimed, preclude a simul- 5opsUS increase in tlie production of grain J tie system depends, absolutely for its sue- itiSs "Upon the use of modern implements and ac«inery, with which, the statistics show,. lar8'e farmers are singularly iil equipped, th great majority of small farmers are wholly unknown. The most important tj 'Tnent made by Mr. Wibberley was that Will implements, by economising labour. eI make it much more efficient while it will ihi re|idered much less toilsome by the added \pjp 'of the work. In the result, laboui iw* much better paid and an increase ol "will be assured to the farmer. anticipations are based on a good °f diversified experience. Several country ti etnen have, under Mr. Wibberley's ad. 'iW °^eT1 up grass lands and1 tried con- tkf croPPing during the last two years, r^whole they are well satisfied witJi the
D]>F;^RMAKTNG AT HOME.
D]>F;^RMAKTNG AT HOME. Br SYLVIA. A Sleeping-Suit for Baby. Mothers are now begimndng to prepare foi the winter, so far as night-wear and undea- garmente for the small folk are concerned. And as a most important item is a sleeping suit I have included a very comfortabl-e and simple pattern in this week's sketch. The sleeping-suit depicted in No. 1,917 is intended for a child pf two to four years of age, and, of course, shou'ld be carried out in flannel to be of real benefit, as flannelette, the very popular substitute, has no real warmth- giving properties. This is a most important detail where baby's .ndglit wear is concerned, as mothers all know the small person's pro- pensity for kicking off the bedclothes during the night, which, if he is clothed in a warm flannel garment, is not so serious a matter a.s it might be where something less warm is I selected. The sunt is cut without seams under the arms, for greater simplicity of make, and therefore consi-sts of two pieces, joined up the front. and fastened up the back by means of small buttons and buttonholes, though you can reverse the process and fasten it up the front PATTERN NO. 1,917. if you wish. The sleeves are in one piece, and gathered at the wrist in the same way as the ankles, all of which makes for simplicity, and enables the busy mother to "run up" the pattern very qutckly, and will be sure to make it appeal to her. To Cut Out and Make Up. When placing on the material, see that the fronts come as straight as possible, and after having marked round, cut out, allowing good turnings, and enough for a good wide wrap l!em ;;t t'ic back, not forgetting also the gathered frill portions at wrist and ankles, which, of course, must be double. When cut out mako -.td stitch the hems for buttonholes and button stand at centre- back, then make the former and sew on the Latter firmly, stitch up the fronts, and neaten inside by oversewing or herring-boning. Finish the upper curved leg-portion, from the back-wrap to the front, unless this is joined up to the wrap, when it only requires neatening. Now gather or, better stall, smock the ankle-portion to draw this in, then finish off. Next make the collar—which may be of single or double material, as preferred, and is made in two parts—and afterwards finished off with feather-stitching, when it is sewn to the neck and neatened inside with tape. Next make tlhe sleeves to correspond with the ankle portions. Arrange in armholes, and finish off neatly. If the suit is fastened in front the collar can be all in one. For quite tiny babies, i.e., under two years of age, the footed sleeping-suit is preferred by many mothers, and this pattern will be included in one of the next articles. The sleeping-suit for the age mentioned will take about 2 yards of 36-inch flannel, or win- cey as the next best substitute. A Nightdress for the Matron. Here is another of the useful designs for which readers so frequently apply-that is to Bay, for out-size night and underwear patterns. In the present case I have illustrated a nightdress for a .stout figure, but have arranged for it to be cut on Raglan lines, not only because this is so popular at the moment, but because it is so very comfortable in wear. In the case of No. 1.918, the garment is cut square at the neck, and fastens at the side in a line with the corner of the square. You can, however, if you wish, easily alter the shape of the neck and cut it closer to the neck. The front opening may also be arranged to come in the centre if preferred, but personally I find the side arrangement preferable to the latter. For this nightrobe, flannel, flannelette, win- eey, or nun's-veiling could be used, as it is PATTERN No. 1,918. intended for winter wear; but you can, of course, employ longcloth if you wish, lace in- sertion forming the trimming in either case. To Cut Out and Make Up. Place the centre front and back to the fold. For these portions one pattern only is given, as they are both alike, except that the latter can be made a little less full if wished. Keep the centre line of sleeves even with the selv- edge thread, and allow good turnings, also for a hem. The cuffs are cut in one with the sleeves, and just turned up and finished off as in the sketch. Here, again, if you dw not quite care for this- arrangement or the elbow-length de- picted, you can without difficulty make the sleeves longer, and arrange them in cuffs or bands in the conventional fashion. Or. again, you can keep to the style sketched, and merely lengthen the pattern by cutting it across just above the cuff-part, and mserting a piece here to the required length. Having cut out, arrange and sew the eleeves into the back and front portions, as the notches show, by means of narrow vein- ing if you wish a more ornamental effect than plain seaming, which, of course, can be substituted if preferred. Next join sides and sleeves, and finish off the cuffs. Hem lower edge, make and sew on the wrap and button- stand, and finish off the opening, when the neck-part can be done as sketched, and the whole fastened off. The nightdress will take about 5 yards of 36-inch material, 3 yards of narrow insertion, and 4 yards of lace edging.
IHOW TO OBTAIN THE PATTERN.
HOW TO OBTAIN THE PATTERN. Our paper patterns are specially cut for us from designs expressly prepared for this column, and the cost of each complete pattern is 6Jd. post free. Address all letters, enclosing stamps for patterns, to Sylvia," Whitefriarg House, Carmelite- street, London, B.C. Be sure and mention the number of the pattern required when ordering. Patterns will be despatched within three daye <4 the application being received
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WAR NOTES.
WAR NOTES. FOR THE GERMAN TAXPAYER. "VorwaertB," the leading Socialist paper of Germany, haa made a careful calculation of the annual oot which the liabilities incurred hitherto in the war will involve for the German taxpayer when peac, is restored. After preseDting to its readers an array of figures which is likely to canse even the most rash spirits among them to reflect/'Yorwatrts" writes :—"After the war the Imperial dpt)t and pensions will demand at leaet J6125,000,000, or little less than the united ordinary and extraordinary Imperial expenditure for 1912. The income of the Empire bitlurio would oniy suffice to pay interest on the debt. For all further expenses new sources of taxation will have to be created. Whoever remembers tbe taxMion controversies of 1909 and 1908 cao easily imagine towards what iiaternal political battles we are steering." "FROM THE SOLDIER'S POINT OF VIEW." 10 thiq connection it is interesting to recall that tbe joiut public debt of the German and Austrian Empires increased between 1907 and 1912 by the vaqt stm; of 9.341,699,000, and the process of accumulation showed no rign of reaching its limit before the war. Ia 1912 the total obligations of the German and Austrian Empires in the form of pnblio debt stood at £ 1.822,076,000. These fignrelJ disclose the reason why the Central Powers aro fighting desperately to throw the whole burden of the cost of the conflict on Britain nd her Allies, but especially on Britain. They also indicate the ruinous ficale of taxation which would be imposed 00 the Bri!ieb taxpayer if the AoBtro- Torco-German Alliance triumphed in the war. Tbe German agents in our midht, and their dupes who are fomenting strikes and "labour unrest," seek to impress working m: n with the argnmenfc that it iN necessary, even in the pre- sent moment of supreme warstrain, to retain at any cost to national efficimoy every advan- tage that organised labour has reaped in the past years of peace and the past months of war they even declare that it is a doty of trade onions to their membra in the firing line to refuse to relax any restriction or modify any practice that has been adopted in normal times, leat. those men should be losers on their return. Very different is the attitude of the soldier himself, as his messages from tbo front show. Mr W. A. Appieton, the veteran secretary of the General Federation of Trade Unions, lately paid a visit to the trenches in Flanders. On bis return be was interviewed by a representative of thi, Socialist paper "Justice," who aaked him what be bad beard about tecent strikes in this country "from the soldier's point of view." Mr Appieton replied "There was soreness about the strikes in Britain. This soreness was expressed more emphatically by the men than by their offioers and one did say, 'If we struck here in the trenches, what would become of all the things you claim to have secured through the trade onion move- ment, or throught any movement in Great Britain ?" This is a statement which strike-leaders may well be asked to ponder. There will be no national prosperity, no good trade and high wages, no social reform in Britain if she is mastered by Germany. A STRIKE MADE IN GERMANY." Mr Frederick Rennet, the special corres- pondent of the Da'ly News and Leader in Petrograd, has had interesting opportunities of observing the thoroughness of the German system of eepionage and agency-work in countries on which the Kaiser's Government has designs. He points out that when Presi- dent Poincare and M. Vivisni, the French Prime Minister, visited Russia shortly before the war, a strike was organised in the Russian capital in the manner and at the moment best suited to impress toe representatives of France with the belief that there was disunion between the Russian people and the Russian Govern- ment—which might, therefore, be regarded as unable to command popular confidence and support if it were involved in hostilities, Describing the circumstances of this strike, Mr Rennet remarks:—"Everything that has happened since has gore to show that the strike fomenters in Petrograd were as directly employees of the Berlin Foreign Office'as any of their qaeer mass of agents scattered broad- cast all over Europe." There is no need to dilate on the moral which these observations point for Britain at the present time. AN EXAMPLE AND A WARNING. Mr Rennet gives us the following instructive description of the German espionage system in Eastern Europe:- The German method of procedure is pretty macb as follows: They try in each foreign State first of all to mobilise all the Germans living there. Thereupon they search for the most suspicions dark characters among the floating population, such as adventurers, drunkards, gamblers, and men of that type who are usually in need of money. They find employment also for men excluded from all recognised political parties or former functionaries dismissed from service. For instance, in Sofia, which is at present a hotbed for the German agent, there are men employed for the som of five marks a day to these certain restaur- tints and eating housuare indicated where they may eat and drwk free, but they are ordered always to vilify the Russians and praise the Germans. For a higher class of agent, with higher salaries, there are better establishments where they are ex- pected to make political speeches and collect and form groups to agitate against Russia. To control and superintend these men there is always someone employed at the local Embassy. Agents who are not active enough are fined, and finally dis- missed from the service whereas others who are energetic are rewarded by special premiums." We think some of oar readers may have noted incidents whioh startiingly suggest that the peculiar system thus outlined by Mr Reauet is not limited to Eastern Europe. PROFESSORS FOR THE TURK. We are not disposed to waste sympathy en tbe Turk. 10 bygone years be was the protege of Britaio, and repaid her help by promises of amendment which invariably came to nought. At present the Turkish populace is the dope of u Government which serves as the instrument of GerLuaiuy-for a considera- tion. No Turk who is capable of ,anc, reflec tion on the present circumstances cf his coun- try can be ia u'oabt that if the Gcrman-a Powers gained victory ie the present vt!r Turkey would become a va¡;.eat state of tLt Kaiaer'e ww worid empire, au if the Turkish people frit; EO prejudiced or so obtuse that tl-jey cannot realise this faot. they are beyond hope of deliverance from their new frieucis. Bat if anything could evoke in us a flicker of regret for the Turk's fate it would be the last "boon which Germany threatens to confer on him. From varioua source8 in the German press we learn that fourteen German professor* are to be transplanted from their native son to the Uoivereity of S..ambonl, wbere they will rnouiri the mind and character of select Turkish youth with the full approval of the Turkish Minister of Education and under the exalted patronage of the Saltan bimself. KULTUR AT STAMBOUL. The Turkish youth subjected to this exotic instruction will not be let oS lightly. The "Deutsche Tagctzeitung" informs us that those who (-it at the feet of the erudite Ger- man Doctors of Faculties will attend lectures ou Psychology, Pedagogy, History of Oriental Natious, Geography, Geology, Mineralogy, Botany, Zoology, Inorganic Chemistry, Or- ganic CbeHjisitv, Technical Chemistry, Inter- national Law, National Economy, Finance, Ural Altaic Phi!o!c- y, and Comparative Sem- itic Philology. It id impossible to forecast what the mind of the Tark would be, do, and suffer when nurtured on those themea. We may live to know. But there is a Btrong probability that the "Uaiveriity of Stamboul" an at present constituted will be evicted with its patrons fiota its sphere of activity before the learned Germans IlrM settled in their respective chairs—and that event would cause untold relief to myriads, among whom we may probably include the Turkish youth at present designated for edification in the "University of Stamboul."
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I Brigadier-General Charles…
Brigadier-General Charles deWinton Wounded. The casualty lists issued on Wednesday last week contained the name of Brigadier- General Charles deWiuton as having been wounded in the Dardanelles. He is the fourth son of the late Ven. H. deWinton, archdeacon of Brecon, and grandson of the Rev. W. deWinton, Hay Castle, who married in 1809 Maris Jacoba, daughter of Mr Chiappini, of Florence, and sister of Lady Newborough, second wife of the first baron of that title. Brigadier-General deWinton was born in 1860, joined the Hampshire Regiment in 1880, when only twenty years of age, and with it he has passed practically the whole of his military career. He served with the Burmese Expedition of 1887-9, getting a medal with clasp, and also during the operations from Aden into the interior of Arabia in 1903-4. From 1895 to 1901 he was adjutant of Volunteers and in 1911 he received his. colonelcy, while at the outbreak of the war was appointed Brigadier-General. He is a brother of Major A. J. deWinton of the Brecknockshire Territorials, and late of Arosfa, Hay.
,...... THE DOMINIONS' LEAD.
THE DOMINIONS' LEAD. AUSTRALIANS & THE GERMANS. ThQ Commonwealth of Australia hM once again given a lead in the matter of dealing decisively with the enemy trader. According to a recent enactment,. the regulations for dealing with those who would conttinue to tradte with the enemy have been tightened up, so thai he -who persists im t»his anti-patriotic business will find himself in a very warm corner indeed. It is supposed to be so with us, but anybody who keeps his eyes about him knows perfectly well that to make a law is one thing and that to see that the law is sharply enforced is quite another. By all accounts, in Australia anti-enemy law is drastic, and pro- Germans, traders, and others, are promptly dealt with. With ourselves it is otherwise and there is evidence, overwhelming and con- stantly increasing, to show that these younger sons of ours, at the other side of the world, in the matter of Sealing with the eoeany as he deserves, have learnt the lesson and applied it, whereas we of the Old Country are still fumbling with it. Moreover, the constant cry of these hefty men of the Dominions is that the home Gov- ernment does not stand by and aid them as it might in casting out these evil, enemy spirits. As it was with cotton, says the Australians by the mouth of their Commonwealth Attor- ney-General Mr. Hughes, so it still is with spelter, or zinc, an indispensable article in the making of munitions. So cunningly, by means of contracts made before the war, was the Australian base metal supply collared and cornered by German firms-some of them, of course, with good all-British names—that even now, after a twelvemonth of war, we are still paying round about three times what Ger- many is paying for spelter. And only the other day have we really taken practical steps, which might have been taken at the begin- ning, for the smelting of these base metal ores in our own country. As for the breaking or the hanging-up of the strangling metal contracts that thrust a weapon hilt-foremost into th-e enemy's hand, here, as the Australians have been telling us for months, the help and sanction of the Home Government wa-s needed—and was withheld. Surely, as a people, we learn slowly. Maybe it is one of thof-p mysteries of char- acter. The British are steadfast and of iR- finite enduranee, and' it EPems that, hand in hand with these inestimable qualities, there goes also an appalling pov. orlessness in realis- ing the oncoming peril, and in being by con- sequence utterly un ready to tmeet and mastei it when it is upon us. IN OUR RANKS? The. following sounds incredible, but hap- pens to be true. The other day a lady stepped backward suddenly, in a crowded thorough- fare, and trod upon somebody's toe. As she whipped round to apologise, she noticed, all in one, that she had set her heel upoi the toe of an officer, naturally British in uniform, also that he rapped out a bad wori-in. Ger- man she happened to be familiar with the language of the Huns. He hurried precipi- tately away. But. the lady was too quick for him. He was caught. We know, long since, that our men in the fighting line have bad to learn, at terrible cost, that the German in British uniform out there is a-common object, not now so plenti- ful, one hopes, as in days. But—a German was masquerading as a British officer at large in the streets here! Where, then, may we not look for such masqueraders? Strange tales, plenty of them, that one has dismissed as fantastic, and as the ima.ginings 0" the timid, are still persistently told, and even certified, and now they begin to wear the colours of possible truth—tales of men of German blood offering themselves for enlist- ment, and being trained as British soldiers, of course under British names. And, this tale inevitably links itself up with others, also per- sistently and positively told, of British officers shot in the back when there was no cause of retirement or retreat. These and the like are ugly tales, but as plentiful and persistent as they are ugly. There is a very urgent call for stern inquiry here into the methods which, if there be any truth in them, permit such things to happen. AND OUR FACTORIES? And here is another kindred affair—no doubt as to the truth of it this time, nor the shame of it either. One more piece of evi- dence as to the way in which the alien enemy has invaded our industries and trades. Many a dozen employers in the clothier and tailor- ing trades will tell you, honestly, that they cannot fill their ord-ers without the help of the German. He is, they say, 'cleverer and by fyr more industrious than the British worknum in that line, whom he has replaced to an incredible extent—to an extent that makes it. impossible in days of stress to get British labour to do the work at all, ill or well. As to the wages paid these alien lab- ourers in British factories, the hours they work, and 'how they are driven by their task- masters, the foremen (not all Gentiles)—well, that is the most shameful part of a shameful business; as to pay, hours, conditions, these aliens are as a plague-spot in our labour market. It is an evil perfectly well known these yeirs, and -hero-ic efforts have been made to rid the country of it. But here as elsewhere inertia, the devil don't care, has laid its de-ad hand upon Government and people, and the loathly evil remains. But there is worse than that. Khnki by the million yards must be made into clothing for our soldiers, a. lot of it in Government fac- tories. In these, also, the alien enemy and his slave-driver abound; And here again we come upon sinister stories. How do these Staio-paid, or State-pinched, enemy in- dwer^rs, who cannot be put where they be- Ion-:? because, to our disgrace, they have made th-cmcvl ves indispensable to us in our time of reed—how do they behave? Is it true that c they, servants of the State, cpenly rejoice in the piracies, slaughtering of innocents, bar- barian methods of warfare, wrought by our barbarian enemies, fellow-countrymen, of them- selves, our State employees? Do they even commemorate the atrocious achievements by vdecorating the workroom walls with labels testifying to the triumph of Kultur? One would like to know if we have really come to such a depth of humiliation as this. THE ALL-BRITISH COVINTERACTION. Mean while, let u take comfort in the fact thnt the movement that is to arouse the national pride and conscience to these evils and disgraces, so that they shall be wiped from our national escutcheon, increases con- tinually in extent, power, and effectiveness. The Anti-German Union, as already told, was called into existence, and given its aggressive title, that it might first of all root out. the enemy in our midst< <50 that the Briton may return to his all-British inheritance, which has, by ways that are dark and devious, and with fiendish cunning, been thieved from him. The emblem of the Union shows John Bull, awake at last, in fighting mood, contending with his oaken cudgel against a many-headed python—Germanism amongst us, with its many mouthed, murderous rapacity. John Bull is in the toils of the dread reptile—Ger- man trade, finance, commerce, industry—and his work is to bludgeon them out of England and existence. The Union, John Bull's clviin- pioB, all-British, has prepared this fighting emblem in the form of coloured window bills, and all ove" the country these are already being exhibited in the windows and on the walls of patriotic shopkeepers, hotel pro- prietors, and others. These will be sent free on application to the hon. secretary, Anti- German Union, 346, Strand, London, W.C. The picture is also to be h*d 111 glazed, stiff cardboard eatodaie lor hanging up, price 6d.
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POULTRY KEEPING. I
POULTRY KEEPING. A PROFITABLE HOBBY. BY" UTiLITY." ON KILLING. If a poultry yard is to be profitable, killing at the proper time must not be shirked. I daresay 1 do not exaggerate when I say that many thousands of birds are being kept alive that really ought to be killed, simply because their owners cannot fancy the idea of killing them. But it is hopeless to expect to) get the utmost profit out of a number of fowls if some are to be allowed to outlive their usefulness. Killing any kind of creature is a very m- pleasant business, especially to those who have never had to do it. But tender suscepti- bilities are soon blunted with use, and unless one has only a small number of bird's which are very taone the killing process after a time becomes little more than a matter of routine. Some poultry-keepers cause death by means of a wound inflicted with a knife, and in Bel- gium and many parts of France this has ktng been the usual method. But there is no doubt that the bloodless method is preferable to all others, not only because it is cleaner, but because- it is instantaneous, ahd also be- cause it saves waste of blood, some of which would otherwise remain in the flesh. Ekmm people argue that bleeding at killing time renders the flesh much whiter and noon wholesome. But it is a fact that the beat f.iv.ls in the poultry markets are invariably killed by dislocation of the neck. By disloca- tion the brain is completely severed from the body, and it is a scientific fact that, although afterwards there may be a good deal of nrae- c-nlar action, the bird cannot have any genes of feeling. The sketch should show quite plainly the method of killing by dislocation. With the left hand the movements of the bird are coo- trolled by holding the two legs and the endlo of the wings. The right hand holds the bead where the base of the skull joins the neck. This hand can be arranged as shown (the first two fingers over the neck and the other two HOW TO KILL A BIRD. and the thumb under). Or the head can be, if more convenient, taken between the finst and second fingers so that the comb lies in the palm and the fingers cloee upon the neck just behind the head. With a sharp but not too vigorous puil directed from the wrist the vertebral column is broken, and the veins and nerves torn right across. But the pull must not be so strong that the outer akin is torn. THE USE OF BUCKWHEAT. An extremely interesting development of poultry-keeping is the production of the neces- sary food. I have more than once heard from readers who have made efforts in this direc- tion, and at the present time, no doubt, many are wishing they had utilised spare grouna for the purpose. On light land a grain crop which is not at all difficult to grow is buck- wheat, and I hope that there are some poultrymen who now have a good crop of it to harvest. While being a valuable food, it has the special merit of not being conspicuous like! wheat or maize or oats, and consequently, when thrown down in the litter of the scratch- ing shed, i6 rather hard to find, and so keeps the birds busy much longer than other grains do. For this reason alone it ought to be used much more than it is in this country. In x France it is held in high esteem, and buck- wheat meal is used as much there for fatten- ing purposes as ground oats are used in the southern counties of England. It makes good crop on poor soils, and so, if there were a great demand for it in this country, a goodly average of inferior land might be more profit- ably utilised than it now is. Some poultry-keepers who have tried buck- wheat do not speak well of it, and I fancy the reason is either that a very inferior sample was purchased or that it was thrown down on grass runs, where, no doubt, the larger por- tion of it was never found by the fowls. My own experience with it is that it is an excel- lent winter food for laying hens, and that they like it so much that they never tire of search- ing for it. What is known as silver-grey buckwheat of good weight is the best for the purpose, and should be demanded. Feeding laying hens on whole grain alone is not a method to be re- commended, and I doubt if anyone has had good results during the winter from such a method of feeding. But where for any reason it is preferred I know of no better whole- grain dietary than heavy quality oats and buckwheat in equal proportions by weight. For chickens whole buckwheat can be given from the time they are three weeks old, when they will eat it greedily. ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTS. u T. s."—LIMBWASHINO POULTRY HOUBBS. —Place some freshly-burnt Lime, in a pail, just cover with water, and add boiled oil in the proportion of one pint to a gallon. Thin as required, and apply with a whitewash brush, taking care to fill all the cracks and crevices. At the same time it is wise to scrub and clean all perches, and after drying saturate with paraffin. It ie a good plan to limewa,sh houses two, three, or more times a year. "R. C. H. "-DoUBLB MATING means the use of cockerel-breeding and pullet-breeding pens. In the cockerel-breeding pen birds are- mated to produce males of the correct type, and the females from tlio pen are generally useless for show purposes. For pullets it is necessary to breed from birds of different colour, headpoints, or markings, as the case may be. It is, of course, quite wrong to imagine that the terms are used to impJy that the birds in these pens are mated to produce more cockerels than pullets, or the other way round. Caiiiev.HoW TO DUB A GAME BIRD.- Get someone to hold the bird, first of all tying its legs. A start is made, by cutting off Nwitb the dubbing scissors the ear lobes and 'wattles, and lastly the comb, cutting from back to front. A little snip each side L of the nostrils will giw the finishing touch. Then bathe the head with cold water, using a soft sponge; this is all that is required, but on the following day apply a little vaseline to the sores. The "dubbing operation should not ex- ceed three or four mimdes at the outside. After an interval of eight or ten days the lord's head will be quite healed up. Cockerels are usually dubbed when they arc about sis nonths oid. Th?re h;;vr been prosecution; for cruelty in rcsrnrd to this operation. V. S."—B.AKTAMS do veil on house scraps and a little grain such, as wheat. The scraps from the house must be cut up into « small pieces, and all water or other liquid strained off. Sloppy food spoils their beauty by soiling the plumage, besides making the run damp and dirty. Plenty of grit and sand must be placed in a corner of the run, and green food must not be forgotten. Two meals a day are sufficient.
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