Papurau Newydd Cymru
Chwiliwch 15 miliwn o erthyglau papurau newydd Cymru
10 erthygl ar y dudalen hon
Lectures on Fruit Culture.…
Lectures on Fruit Culture. By MR. J. L. PICKARD. The last lecture of this popular course was given on Friday evening before a capital audience. Mr. J. Allan Murray. B.Sc., professor of agricultural chemistry, presided. Mr. Pickard said that unfortunately the course had proved too short to deal with all our most popular hardy fruits. So far nothing has been said about cherries, or peaches, or nectarines, or figs, all of which .night be successfully cultivated Out-doors in favored situations in this neighbour- hood, so in order to meet the wishes of those who bad taken such a deep interest in the lectures, and in the reporrs of the lectures published in the ''Welsh Gazette" he would write one or two articles to complete the course, if the "Welsh GazettiJ" would kindly undertake to print them. To-night he said we must devote our attention to the pests aurl diseases wlÜch usually caused us so much anxiety and worry. It is no use buying high praised trees, and expending thoughtful care and intelligent interest in planting and growing them if we afterwards allow them to be attacked by pests and have the crops either wholly or partially destroyed, if there is any possible means of pre- venting their attacks. Perfectly healthy trees are rarely attacked by pests or diseases. Perhaps this almost sounds a platitude, but it is by no means a platitude when we examine closely into the matter. Take for instance a case where apple trees are planted in a badly drained or water logged soil, or in an unfavourable soil. The first sign we usually have that something is wrong, is that a great pro- portion of the apples come lopsided. They are no longer the round rosy [highly flavoured apples we desire. Then perhaps the following year a great deal of the apples fall before they are ripe, and many of the remainder small, badly cracked, and badly rusted fruit, totally unfit for human food. Then after a year or two the tree begins to canker; the bark cracks and :the stem gets covered with hard knotty swellings, and followed almost as a matter of course by that dreaded and almost hope- less disease known as American Blight. Prevention is better than cure in this disease, as in so many others that makes the lives of gardeners and those who love their gardens one continued strain of anxiety and worry. In almost all cases the first thing to go wrong is the soil. Directly the soil begins to get wet and sour, fungoid growths of some description or other begin to germinate Molds, mildew, rust, and canker, are all diseases of this class, and when once they get a foothold they reproduce themselves and spread very rapidly by means of spores and in germinating and develop- ing they give rise to disease and decay in the trees by extracting the nutriment that the trees have prepared for their own sustinariee. Finger and toe, or clubbing, in turnips and cabbages, are swellings brought about by the spores of a partic- ular variety of fungus. These swellings are at first filled with jelly, which afterwards changes into spores, and this gives risj to the rot which fanners dread so much. The potato disease is another of these fungoids, and so is the droning sickness and spot which so frequently ruins the tomato crops. If we wish to be clear of th.ese pests, then we must either kill the spores or prevent their entry into our plants. If hot quicklime is applied to the ground at the rate of one and a half pounds to the square yard, and forked in to a depth of four inches it is almost certain to destroy all spores that there may be in the soil. To get the greatest benefit from quicklime it should be purchased quite newly burnt, in big clots. Lay it in convenient heaps of, say a hundred weight each, on the ground where it is to be used, and cover it slightly with soil. After a day or two it will crumble into a fine powder; if this is spread evenly and forked lightly in to the soil it will do far more good than if the lumpy lime had been used, or if it had been merely slacked with water. This not only kills the spores, but it has the added merit of keeping the soil sweet and open. In addition to this, we can also prevent the spores from entering the leaves. All of you are familiar with the yellow spots that appear upon the leaves of potatoes and tomatoes when they are attacked by the diseases peculiar to themselves. Well, this is caused by the spores and the developed fungi using up or destroying the juices of the leaf. We can prevent the spores getting into the plant if we enly take precautionary measures early enough. They enter the plant through the leaf, and although the top part of leaves are usually tough enough to resist the spores, the under part is not, and it is this part of the leaf that we must protect. The best of all preventatives against fungoid diseases is undoubtedly what is shown under the name of Bordeaux Mixture. This is composed of four pounds of quicklime and six pounds of sulphate of copper dissolved in 100 gallons of water. If only a small quantity is required use five ounces of quick- lime, six ounces of sulphate of copper, and seven ounces of treacle to four gallons of water. Dissolve the copper sulphate in water and pass the quick- lime through a course bag with water into a basin, making sure to use up all the lime then gradually add to the copper, stirring briskly all the time. This smaller quantity is much stronger than the .arger mixture first given. and can easily prove worse than the disease if it is not properly mixed. If you are not sure that it is quite right put a bright blade into it. If the blade gets coated with copper then the mixture is wrong, and more lime should be added until it has no effect upon the blade. Do not add too much lime, however, or the mixture will be weakened. Spray it thoroughly on the under sides of the leaves either with a fine syringe or a knapsack sprayer. Nothing is so much relied upon as this mixture, and if it is applied two or three times in the early summer it will often be a complete preventative of the many kinds of spores that attack tomatoes, potatoes, onions, and plants in general. Sometimes apple, pear, and plum trees get what we call hide bound," the bark cracks, and this is often followed by decay. Some gardeners slit the bark as a sort of a preventative, but this is not only cruel and barbarous, but it provides breeding grounds for the spores we are trying to destroy. Where trees show a tendency to get hide, bound mix one pound of caustic soda and one pound of pearl ash in 10 gallons of warm water and syringe the trees thoroughly when tbev" are stationery in winter. This makes the bark elastic and effectually destroy. all the parisites. Root rot is one of the commonest of all diseases and is chiefly caused by sour soil, or when it is too wet, or where too much farm yard manure has been used. When the roots begin to rot canker follows as a natural course. Lord Suffield Apple is par- ticularly liable to canker, but it will not canker if the roots are not rotting, Root rot lays the founda- tion for milldew, for rust, and for tomato spot. The only way to get rid of root rot is to get more air into the soil. A free use of burnt clay and efficient drainage is the best of all preventatives and remedies. If the roots are badly rotted they should be cut well back, and be given a little new- soil in which to start afresh. Where canker ap- pears, cut surface with tar, or cover it with clay We now come to another class of pests that have made themselves only too well-known in Aberyst wyth and district this summer. Caterpillars are capable of doing a greater amount of damage in a shorter space of time than almost any pest that we are troubled with. We have been fortunate enough in the College Experimental Grounds to keep almost entirely clear of them by usinsr an emulsion composed of 4oz of guassa chips, and 4oz of soft soap to four gallons of water, and occasionally spraying the plants with it; yet most people have not been so fortunate as most of the green crops in the neighbourhood have been completely riddled by these insects. Although these things may be of absorbing interest to the E:1tymologist, the gardener chiefly confines his interest to destroying them, or if possible, preventing them taking up their quarters in his garden. Different varieties of grubs and caterpillars vary greatly in their appear- ance, yet their life history is pretty much the same. They all begin from eggs which the mother moth or butterfly deposits in some favourite or con- venient place, at some particular period of the year. After a period varying from a few days to a few weeks, grubs or caterpillars or lava are hatched out, and it is in this stage that they do the greatest amount of mischief in our gardens. Indeed it is no extraordinary thing to see them completely denude a plot of gooseberry trees of their foliage in two or three days. After they are fully fed up they enter into the pupa stage. They manufacture a sleeping bag which we call a I COC ton; they cover themselves up in this and go to sleep for a varying time, and when the emeree from tne cocoon it is as a perfect butterfly, or moth, or beetle. Some of these in turn deposit eggs in the crevises and niches of the trees and hatch out in spring ready to repeat their life history,, and ready to repeat their work of destruction. It would take far too long a time to enter into full details of the various grubs and caterpillars that infest or damage our fruit trees, so we must be contended by briefly noting a few of the commoner ones. The well known codlin moth is a very small one, but its caterpillars are very destructive in some orchards, They bore holes into the fruit and cause it to either drop off prematurely, or to decay rapidly when stored. Sometimes apples attacked by tne insect drop off as early as the begining of June, and continue dropping throughout" the summer. Upon examining apples that have dropped, or those showing signs of decay it will be seen that ;here is a. dark spot at the blossom end of the apple: a small hole can also be found there, round I which there is generally a collection of excreta and minute morsels of apple. If such apples are split fcr -MwirTttft—ii—i m —n— in halves a passage ("n be seen leading to the ovaries or. pip centres and it will genera £ y be found that the pips, or garts- of them have been oaten. If the caterpillar is-still there it wíW be fifcimd near the pips, or if It has gone, a hole will be-found in the side of thsariple through which it has escaped. Though this i-Vealled the codlin moth, it by no means confines its8ittacks to codlins, bat probably got this name because codlins are larger and( arly and make a greal show on the ground when they fall. Apples witi -ep, open eyes lfte*1 codlins, King Pipins, Blenheim Orange, and Margil are most likely to be infested. When the moth is at rest cfeiisg the day it is ac 'significant looking-' object, sitting on the branches or trunks of trees with its wasgs folded in the fc?m of a roof over its- body. I The motfermoth lays one eg^in the eye of each apple as soor.<as they are formed in May. After a. period of eighor nine days a ti vy baby caterpillar creeps out and bores its way into the apple, follow- ing the core down to the pips, upatt which it feeds. At the end of about three weeks ahe caterpillar is full grown, and having by this > time eaten the greater part of the pips it eats its way through the sides of the applo and makes its e:-iiti. If the apple is still on the tree it lets itself down to the ground by a silken cord and wriggles its way to the nearest tree and ascends it, building a little cradle in a convenient crevice with tiny bits of bark knit together with t h. finest and softest silk, and sur- rounds itself with a silk case gummed over with a sticky fluid. It stays here till tae approach of spring, when it spins a cocoon anI pupates, and shortly after develops into a full grown moth ready to deposit eggs on the newly formed apples. The apple blossom weevil frequently causes much harm to the apple and pear crops, and its injuries are frequently mistaken for the effects of white frosts, as the flowers turn brown or rust- coloured when attacked; but if the blossoms are closely inspected either the little yellow pupa of the weevil will be found in them or a little round hole in the side of the withered flower bud will be noticed, showing that the perfected weevil has cut its way out of its cradle. In the first warm (lays of spring the weevils issue from their winter retreats and find their way to the apple and pear trees. The female, either by flying or crawling, finds its way to the flower buds, and boring a hole with its snout places one egg within each bud, and care- fully closes up the hole, and the eggs are hatched in from three to five days. As-soon as the grub is hatched it begins to eat the samens and pistil, and the flower buds soon change to a rusty hue and decay. This stage lasts for about ten days, after which the perfected weevil lives amongst the leaves and branches and pass the winter in the r crevices or linchens of the trees, or underneath, stones or rubbish in their vicinity. The caterpillars of the Magpie- moth often cause serious injury to the gooseberry and currant crop; this insect must- not, howeves, be confounded with the better knouia goose- berry-sawfly. Their habits are totally different, and fortunately the caterpillars of the mag- pie moth are not nearly so numerous as the those of the sawfly. The caterpillars of the mag- pie moth live through the winter in the lerval srate, and are ready to attack the fruit bushes directly there is a vesiiage of green upon them. In the case of the sawfly grubs* they are hatched from eggs laid by the female flies upon the leaves in spring, and do not, therefore, appear upon the scene until vegetation is far advanced. Other two well known weevils are the raspberry and vine weevils, and they frequently do much harm by biting off the ends of raspberry, strawberry, and vine roots, and also peach and nectarine roots. The grubs burrow into and feed on the roots and crowns of the plants from September to March, and after April the weevils pierce the shoots and runners, and this causes the sap to escape just when it is required for the young fruitlets. Eggs are laid in the summer, and the grubs are found in the ei-.rth near to, and among the roots of plants, generally at a depth of two and a half to four inches. When the weevil emerges it at once attacks the plants near it, feeding only at night, and if disturbed it feigns death and remains im- movable for a long time. It is tenacious of life in an extraordinary degree, and in its weevil state disregards heat, cold, and the most pungent odours; indeed nothing but boiling water and turpentine seems even to annoy this insect. They are found most abundantly in the vicinity of old, neglected hedge rows or places where rubbish is kept. Daddy longlegs and cockchafers must not be forgotten as their grubs are most destructive. They are found chiefly in the fine dry soil about the roots of fruit trees, and'are most destructive to young trees: biting off the ends of their roots, and thereby checking their growth, if not killing them outright. Our old friends ? the wireworms too, deserve special mention. They are the larva of "click" beetles, so called because when held by one end it bends its body and produces a clicking sound. Wireworms are more to be dreaded than most other insects, because they feed upon roots at all I' times of the year, except during very hard frost?, when they go down deep into the earth. And as they live for four or five years in the wireworm stage, their work of destruction is of long duration. It lias very strong jaws, meeting over the mouth, and well adapted for biting roots and fibres. It is scarcely necessary to recapitulate the crops that are attacked by wireworms, and it may be said that hardly any crop is free from their ravages. Mustard appears to be the only crop they do not like, and if mustard is sown on the land in the autumn, and allowed to grow five or six inches high, and then dug in, it will generally protect the following year's crop from their ravages. And now as to preventative or remedial measures. Very little can be done in the egg, or butterfly stage. Butterfly chasing may possibly be fine fun I for the youngsters, but it would be rarely com- patable with the dignity of, say a staid and elderly Llanbadarn cottage gardener to take off his hat and chase them off his garden while the eggs are equally difficult to deal with. Experiments have been tried upon them with paraffin, turpentine, vitriol, and carbolic acid, and the result is usually to kill the trees, without causing the slightest inconvenience to the eggs, as they are protected by some description of shells. It is against the larva or grubs that our efforts must be directed. Many of these libernate during the winter, just under the surface of the ground, and if we find that they are doing serious damage, it would be a good plan to apply a dressing of gas lime, and dig the ground very deeply about the beginning of December, as by this time the grubs will have taken possession of their winter quarters. Before doing this, scrape all the rough loose portions of bark from the tree stems, and dust them thoroughly with quicklime, or with a mixture of quicklime and soot, or the stems may be limewashed. But it is little use doing this unless the rough bark has been first scraped. In order to prevent the caterpillars crawling up the apple trees, old bags should be tied tightly round the stems close to the ground earlv in the summer. These traps should be examined from time to time, and the caterpillars found in their folds destroyed from time to time. Grease bands are also useful for this purpose, and especially so in the case of gooseberry trees. Procure some grease f proof paper from the grocers, cut it into strips four I inches wide and tie securely round the stems a few inches from the ground. Smear this thickly with cart grease, or other fatty stuff, and renew the grease as the paper gets dry. it is difficult to apply insecticides advantageously without a knap- sack pump, but in cases it might be advisable to spray trees with the quassa, or Bordeau solutions already given. Three quarters of a pound of quassa chips to one pound of soft soap would be sufficient for ten gallons of water, and for bad cases this would be still further improved by the addition of half a pint of paraffin. Soak the chips in water all night, and boil them in the morning. Boil the soft soap in separate water and mix the two, adding the paraffin at the same time. If this is mixed thoroughly with a srynge it will form an emulsion that will be perfectly harmless to all foliage. Rose lovers should Make a note of this mixture, as it is a sovereign preventitave of all rose pests. All the insects we have discussed so far eat the foliage, or the flowers, or the roots of the plants, but we have another class of pests that are eq ually destructi ve, though they act in another way. The Greenfly is known by everyone, though their habits are not so well known as they ought to be. They are most peculiar insects, and are popularly known as green flies, though some people call them ants cows. Science has found this name truly given, for ants know well how to exile the tiny flie3, causing the sweet juices to flow upon which the wise little milkers delight to feast. If useful to the ants, however, the flies are harmful to our trees; and economic entomologists have devoted time and thought to the study of their lives, find- ing in flies themselves peculiarities more wonder- ful than the ants use of them. The females of those species tnat we are familiar with, irsi ead of laying eggs that arc fertilized by the males, pro- duce offspring by a process of budding. When a female is once fertilized she can lay eggs and pro- duce young all her life, and these can acrain pro- duce young without further impregnation unto the fourth or fifth generation. From the eggs which pass the winter only females are hatched, and these are known as stem mothers. These in turn produce female only, and these continue the pro- cess right through the summer, the multiplications being often almost incredibly rapid. In the autumn true sexual forms, both male and female are produced which pair, and the female lays a few eggs which the cold of winter and hatch in the spring irto the stem-mothers, which start the process now. The I mouth parts are not suitable, for cutting or bitintr, but they arc provided with long, tube like beaks, which they drive into the leaves, and suck up their ) juices. The mouth of each little greeu 11y is a I complete drive well outfit with a suction pump attachment.
---LECTURER IN PHILOSOPHY.
LECTURER IN PHILOSOPHY. Ai a meeting of the Council of the University College of Wales Abervstwvth, held on Friday 29th September. Mr. Thomas Davie*, Bootle, in the chain-the following appointments made. We-gladly record the appointment of Mr. W. Jevdcyn, Jones to the post of assistant lecturer in ■ losriie- and philosophy at the University College of Wales, Aberystwyth. Mr. Jones is- a native of ;Pen-ygainr being the son of Mr. Thomas Jone?, builder,. Dole. He received his easry. education: at the Board School, and was for some time, we jbelie^e, a pupil teacher and assistant* under Mr. pohn Ewans, F.L.S. H.M. Inspector of Schools- at pVIert&yr, then, a successful headmaster.and science tsachesat the Penygarn Schools. While yet at a I I sehool Mr. Jones was known as & modest,, but diligent and painstaking student. Kb soon worked has way to Aberystwyth College wiere he gained an exhibition and soon became a prizeman. Mr. Jenkyn Jones is a former exhibitioaer and ^jsize- man of Aberystwyth College. Willis, a. strident jfc'ere lie graduated B.A. London, and 3lth.erHlimtly began thxe special study of philosophy.. He sbared fclie Etsuas prize" for an essay on the-" Philosophy of Hums- In 1893 he entered Cambridge, ami. in lhis second term he obtained a Foundation Selioih.c~ ship in Philosophy in Caius College. In 1394, 1895 hi seholarship was renewed, and he obtaiiod a GbUege prize in the same subject. In 1895.-he obtained First Class in Part 1. of the Mental mid Moral Science Tripos; the subjects of the examina- tion- being Logic, Psychology, Economics. His. papsss in Logic were the best sent ire., In 1S91 lie graduated B.A. with First Class in Part II, of the same Tripos the subjects lie chose being Etla- Metaphysics, and the History of Philosophy- Besides the General History of Philosophy, the course included the special study of te. Idealistic Movement from KanL to Hegel. He attended a course of Practical Instruction in "5xperime«tal Psychology, conducted by Dr. W. H. IE. Rivers, M. D;„ St. John's College. In Caius College he had tiie privilege of working under the supervision of Dr. Yenn,F.R.S. For the last twoyears be has had eon- -xlerable practice inlecturingand teiv-hir.g in Cam- bridge. He was tutor in Mental and Moral Science to • the University Training College, ar.d; lectures in Psychology at the Women Teacher^ 'College. At the latter place he had opportunity "f Jecturircg to -very large classes, a considerable proportion of "hich consists of graduates of various Universities. Last summer he was appointed to gife a series of lectures in Psychology in connection with the University Long Vacation Course si Instruction for Secondary Teachers. Mr. Jones also an Assist- ant Examiner to the Central Welsh, Board. n in
LECTURER IN AGRIuULIURE.
LECTURER IN AGRIuULIURE. Mr. D. D. Williams, F.H.A.S. M(R,A.S. (EngJand) was last week appointed to succeed Mr. Middleton as Lecturer in Agriculture at the University College of Wales, Aberystwy ;j».. Mr. Williams is a native of Cardiganshire, beil; the son of Mr. D. J. Williams, J.P., Abercoed, Tregaron. He is an Associate with Honours i&: Agriculture of the University College of Wales Aberystwyth, where be was formerly a lecturer, in the Agricultural Department, and is at the present time lecturer in Agricultural Chemistry at the Agricultural College, Aspatria. Mr. Williams.a Medallist of the Royal Agricultural Society of England and a Fellow of the Highland Agricultural Society of Scotland. He received his agricultural education at Aber- ystwyth College, where he held his County Scholarships. When fl;. Middeton was appointed in 1895 he was then, one of three selected candi- dates, and held the st for a Session until Mr. Middleton arrived.. He was subsequently elected lecturer in Engineering, Surveying, and Chemistry, under the Science and Art Department at the Agricultural College, Aspatria, and in. 1897 he was appointed Lecturer in Agricultural Chemistry at the same institution. Here, in addition to his college work, he has assisted in the management of the college farms, and in the arrangement, and superintendence o £ experiments. He has also been exceedingly suc- cessful in passing his students in the various sub- jects he taught. Being the son of a well-to-do aad intelligent Welsh farmer, Mr. Williams has had every advantage and opportunity not only of know- ing the requirements of Welsh farmers, but also of acquiring a practical experience of farming in all its branches. He has spent much time on typical farms in Herefordshire, where he made special study of farming in that county. Speaking of Mr. Williams' qualifications. Principal Smith-Hill, B.A., B.Sc., of Aspatria College, says" He has proved himself to be a clear and painstaking lec- turer, and has spared no effort in bringing his work to a successful conclusion. His results at the various Agricultural Examinations have been extremely gratifying, every one having been suc- cessful, and two winning medals. Mr. Williams has also acted as House Warden during the past two years, and in this capacity ho has proved him- self thoroughly capable of the management of young men and their affairs, and being pleasant and agreeable in his manner, has been a favourite with all his students."
LECTURER IN MODERN LANGUAGES.
LECTURER IN MODERN LANGUAGES. Miss Mary Brebner, M.A., Lond., was appointed assistant lecturer in modern languages and Latin. Miss Brebner also is a former student of the College. She has graduated M.A. in the University of London, in two branches, viz. classics, French, and German. She was trained at the Cambridge Teachers' Training College, under Miss Hughes, gaining the Gilchrist Travelling Studentship in connection with the College. She has published the results of her investigations in a volume on modern language teaching in continental schools, and has been engaged as lecturer on modern language teaching under the Soame's Trust. Miss Brebner has had considerable experience as a mistress in high schools, and recently as lecturer on modern languages to pnpil teacher under the London school board.
TALYBONT.
TALYBONT. BOARD SCHOOL.—On Friday evening Miss Davies (Penpombren) distributed prizes for regular attendance to children attending the Board School. Miss Davies, like the whole Penpombren family, has always evinced great interest in the welfare of the school, and before breaking up for the summer holidays she treated tbo pupils to a sumptuous tea, There were present on the present occasion Mr. and Mrs. Herbert Pryse (Gogerddan), Rev. J. Davies (Chairman of the Board), and Mr. J. Williams (Vice-Chairman). Both English and Welsh books were given as prizes. The English books contained a life of Gladstone, David Living- stone, William Carey, and Sir Henry Lawrence, and among the Welsh books were Y gwr ieuanc oddi cartref," Gwilym a Benni Bach," and Hanes Mari Jones ai Beibl." On the motion of the Rev. J. Davies, a hearty vote of thanks was accorded Miss Davies, who made a neat little speech in reply. The expenses were defrayed by the Board, who believe prizes to be more efficacious as a means of bringing children to school than sum- monses.
LLEDROD.
LLEDROD. OBITUARY.—The death took place last Saturday of Mrs. Griffiths, the wife of Mr. Morgan Griffiths, Hengwm. Mrs. Griffiths was a faithful member at the Calvinistic Methodist Church at this place, and was much esteemed by all in the neighbour- hood. The funeral takes place to-morrow, Fridav, at the parish churchyard. A SUCCESSFUL SALE.—Last Thursday Messrs. Williams & Evans held a most successful sale at Pantyddafad, it being the dispersal sale of Dr. Hughes' splendid stock, flock and modern imple- ments. It was evident, by the unusually large number of people that had come together, that the whole country-side knew the full value of Dr. Hughes' property, and they showed their apprecia- tion of its value in their biddings. The auctioneers had a busy day, and they managed to keep things going at a brisk rate. The biddings were prompt and the competition keen. Altogether the sale, realized about eight hundred pounds. MARRIAGE.—Last week an interesting event took place at the Rhydlwyd Calvinistic Methodist Chapel, the first of its kind since the renovation of the building. On Wednesday morning a marriage was solemnized between Mr. D. Jones, Tynllwyn, and Miss Roberts, the daughter of Mr.' Wm. Roberts, Nantneuadd. The ceremony was 7 performed by the Rev. J. Evans, pastor, in the presence of Mr. Peter Williams, registrar. The bride, who was very smartly dressed, was given away by her father, and was' accompanied by Mrs. Jones, Berwyn Villa, as bridesmaid, while Mr. Isaac Jones, Rhiwfallen, a brother of the bride- groom, acted as best man. The ceremony over, the bridal party drove away in fine style to fiegaron, where a splendid spread had been prepared for them at Berwyn Villa. The guests having done full justice to the good spread, and the happy couple having received the good wishes of their friends, Mr. and Mrs. Jones left for their honeymoon to the Wells.
[No title]
Fat Tramp: Can't yer help a poor man wot's starvin' to death ? Gentleman: You don't look as though you were starving. Fat Tramp: Dat's jest th r ble. If I did look dat way, I wouldn't have ter starve.
-or;....,"---BARMOUTH. „„__i
-or; BARMOUTH. „ „ A Chapter of Progress. B tr PHILIP SYDNEY. Sunny Bamouth was true to its traditi«as-ion the day of my rei^nt visit, when I went owr to this charming snside resort, for a chat with-the Rev. Gwynoro Favies, the public spirited and well-known charc'svan of the Urban District (Xwiin- cil, to learn from* him what progress was being made in the ma& sof providing a suitable building for the housing 00 the library which Miss Fratwes Power Cobbe ]¡a offered to Barmouth, and v-hich the lucky inhabitants have accepted on the coadU tions that they erect-a suitable building in which to deposit the 3,000 volumes, as well as the lending library of which nucleus is already availa'ite in the small collectkoof. boyks in the existing town library. The site of the Kow building—which the Chair- man took me to ?ee—is fortunately most satis-- factory to all con-corned-. It adjoins the raUway station, and must fee passed by all who en tcr.. the town by train. T,own(ds of this are the-Cam- brain Railway CoaoTjany, who have leased it to. the District Council for- a space of 60 years. „at a: nominal rental. This position wiTgive the Library BuriUxigs a frontage of 30ft. t-f: the road leading to the station and 50ft. to the si>2a-facing the station. F>e im- portant matter of ?-ight is. at once solved, for there are no adjacent buildings to block it, and none.cam be erected on the, I amainder of the ground betweem the library and tho: wain street of the town„ Possibiy this bit in time, be laid o,-it-witi.L acceptable grass a-)Gl 6..o".er8, and a fev, comforts- able iron seats vith backs. At the rc;ax -of, thee library stand the oaildings of the Board \Ù<lols The Library t411 contain one large hall; to lie• used for the purposes of the lending leoa'tpi.cat,, the books being ranged round the wa'Js. 'Adjoin- ing this will be the joom to be devo ied solely to the Cobbe library. Here all the books include-i-in. Miss Cobbe's girt will find their pertinent hame and be availab"a, to all students and ,others who, come to consult At present t,i-si intended. that they will be for reference purposes .on],"?'not to be taken f'aJ, the building, a wisp, desigion, which will be commended by alL who h^ys,-any knowledge of -y.ch. books, and val\a. them ^'jor* ingly. Then ther^will be a room for t ypurpoi-js- of & Young MerRecreation Club, museum an 1, collection of pair tings, apd suitaMi apartmentsQI the librarian an1 custodian. Miss C ube's library is saiC; and. rightly said to be one of the, best private libraries in the provinces, such as we should expect froTs,. an authoress, whose "Peak it*, Darien," and "Brsken L/iits," have given untold comfort to m^wiy a life's, wanderer, Mid whose edition of ThcoJoye Park er*t-li,olo,,ical, polemical, and other woios is by Jaa; the best availai.i§. Air^agst the books will be seen a number of Talue presentation copies—bpokis which give so intense a personality arji interest tcauy collection. Si.believe I am correct in sayipgr that nothing is yet, known concerning the final b.ce of deposit of Mifcs Cobbe's singularly valuabled comprehensive collection of autographs. l Writing as I da with memosfea of many men arl women who ha v known and been known, by M '.(is Cobbe,-Charlc.,i. Beard, of Fort Royal, and of Luther fame; John I-lamil Thom, most spiritual of preachers x Mrs. RichaM Vaughan Yates, md many others, 1, cannot butsejoice that Mid Was is the chosen place for these books, as North Wales is by Mr. tHadstone, fo4 his library at Ha warden, places whiiher the feet of pilgrims and searchers after truth; shall for many ages, come; an where the treatises shall be fully open to all vilio seek them. No. difficulty is apprehended in the raising of the £2,000 required for the purpose of the building. Already some ZWO have been promised before any public appeal has been issued. It is hoped that the library may be ready for USQ by the end of 1900. Plans will be invited fro-.iq various architects of skill in such Work, which will then be finally submitted to experts for their de- cision, and also be submittal to the Railway Company for their approval. The land with the building and its contents will be vested in the Urban District Council as cus- todians of the public, and will probably be known as the Barmouth Institute. At present it is not proposed to adopt the> Public Libraries' Act of 1892. In this connection it will not be deemed out of place "to name two other princely benefactors to Barmouth. Mrs. Talbot, of Brynffynon, who heads the list of subscribers to the building fund with Z300, but another of her numerous gifts to the town. and Mrs. Perrins-Williams, to whom the inhabitants are so largely indebted for the new church. Few churches enjoy a more commanding site and dignified building than this church, dedicated to St. John the Divine, the foundation stone of which was laid ten years ago by H.R.H. Princess Beatrice, and of which the Rev. Edward Hughes is rector, » The oldest of the ministers of the gospel in Barmouth is the Rev. Z. Mather, of the Con- gregational Chapel; next comes the rector, and then Mr. Davies, the present Chairman of Council, for 13 years minister of the Welsh Calvinistic Methodists here. The Congregations—especially in the season- are large in all places of worship, not excepting our lp Roman Catholic friends who enjoy the ministry-, tions of the Hev. Father Wilcox, The recent report by the Medical Officer of the County shows that Barmouth has one of the very lowest death rates in the Kingdom, being only 11-2 for the last two years. The Council is able to reduce its rates by Is. 3d., and they now stand at the modest sum of 4s. 6d. in the pound. This summer has been the first to test the efficacy of the new water works, which have fulfilled the highest expectations and yield an unfailing and abundant supply of good soft water from Corsygedol lakes. The Council will shortly be applying for power to borrow £6,000 for improvements, which include putting the Marine Parade in order, extending the main sewers, and supplying the water to the whole town. Much land has lately been sold for building purposes, and next spring will see extensive operations in this direction. One of the greatest and most pressing wants at present in Barmouth is the need of working men's houses, a need which I have frequently heard spoken about by many of my acquaintances on the railway. Never, probably, has Barmouth enjoyed a better season. Visitors have been many—they came early, they stayed late; indeed, at the end of September there were more visitors in the place than there were at the beginning of the same month last year. As I wandered through the town, noting the changes made and the improvements carried out during the last twenty years, and always on the look out for bits of good fun for my readers, my eye caught this inscription cn a shop—"Established over half a Year" This, and the "Last Inn which I passed, ere leaving the town for my walk to Dulgeliey, are two of as go d signs as the most ardent collector of quaint titles can hope to find in a day's marclh Altoget her, my impressions of our sister watering place are more than favourable. With her public spirit, an a constant attention to all that makes for rigi::<•■>usiiess and joy and happiness in her midst, i \1: promise for her a brilliant future.
AN ESTIMATE OF LONDON WEATHER.
AN ESTIMATE OF LONDON WEATHER. Dirty days hath September, April, June, and November, From January up to May The rain it raineth every day. All rest have thirty .?• IVi- blessed gle 3 un An • J of them h: d -und-thirty Thi v ■ • :1 a* We r i. ■ -ice as dirty."
Advertising
_r_ CAMBRIAN RAILWAYS, t; II Ii A I> EXCURSION TO- THE ZOOLOGICAL GARDENS, BELLE VUE, I, IAN CHESTEI, ■ M.Q D A Y OCTOBER 7TH, 1839 I. i: Fare, Thfcrnand Back,, On thqabove kk&-V, Including Fw» Admission, to A-speciol ta-aiil will ve the fj aniens. a. ni. Third Class. A at 4-35 :Bo\v ,Str«iet 4-50 M Llantihaiigel 4-55 ftil Borth 5- Of VlVl. 'Ynyslas 5-15 j 'Ynyslas 5-15 j Children mulex 12 years of age half-fare.. Eor. Longsight Station, adjoining .the Gardens; [inatummg therefrom, same evening,.at 9-2Q p.m. ,after. tiiii Fireworks. Tickets, not Transferable. CAMBRIAN RAILWAYS. i WEEK-END TICKETS issued evuy FRIDAY and SATURDAY from all L.. Il N. W/and G. W" St9.tj0.ns in. LONDON, TO ABERDOVEY, ABERYST- WYTH, DOuGELXEY, 4.4 J, E Y, AND BARMOUTH. Available for return eo;,the following Sunday (where train service permits} Monday,, or Tuesday. For fual particular se i, small han"1 bills. CHEAP WEE K END EXCURSION TICKETS ARE^N'iW.ISSUFJ} ON EVERY FRIDAY AND SATURDAY TO Birmingham, Wolverhampton, Walsall- Peter- *Lei( ^ter> *Burton-on-Trent1 Stafford, Cov^itry, Manchester, Preston, Black-* -burn, Bolton, Leeds, Dgwsburv, Huddersfiel vi j Liverpool, Billhead, W%;ui and Warrington FIF,,O, U Oswestry, LUtpymynech,. Llanfyllin, Montgoir^y, Welshpool, Newtown 1,lanidloes, Machymjoth, Borth, Aberystwyth, A.hsrdovey, Towyn, Barmputh, Dolgelley.^Harlech, l^ortmadoc, Penrhyndeud^,eth Criccieth.^nd Pwll^lj,. Simi,r,r. tickets O: issued from Aberyytb, Borth, kberdovey, Towyn, Barmouth, Dolgellev, Harlec4 Penrhyr^lsRdraeth, Portmadoc, Criccieth, and Fwllheli to S-RREWSBURY. *'r^ket-s t0 tkQSS Stations are not R^ed from Welshpool. passengers. 3$t«RN OH the Monday- AT Tuesday fc$owing iss,e3 of ticket. THOUSAND-MILE TICKETS, The Cambrian Railways CoTmwmy issue FIRST CLASS 1,000 and 500 MIIJS TICKETS, the coupoas of which enable the purchasers to travel between Stations on the Cambrian Railways during- the period for which the tickets are available until the coupons are exhausted.. cach is £ 5 5s Od 1,000 miies, and 1/s bd, 500 miles beiag about l^d per snile. Application for the 1,,Q.Qo or 500 mile tickets must be made in writing, giving the full name and address of the purchaser and accompanied by a remittance, to&rW. H. Gough, Superintendent of the Line, Cambrian Railways, Oswestry (cheques to be made payable to the Cambrian Co. or order), from whom also books containing 100 certificates for authorising the use of the tickets by purchasers' family, guests, or employees can be obtained, price 6deaoh book; remittance to accompany order. C. S. DENNISS, General Manager. Oswestry, March 1899. lw PRINTING f OF EVERY DESCRIPTION QUICKLY AND EATLY JQONE AT THB "Ulelsb Gazette" PRINTERIES "Ulelsb Gazette" PRINTERIES JgRIDGE ^T. k ^UtAY'S JNN J^D., ABERYSTWYTH. ABERYSTWYTH. ESTIMATES FREE JgWGLISH AND WELSH WORK BT RELIABLE AND COMPETENT MEN. I TRANSLATIONS ON EASY TERMS Business Notices. —.t CARDIGANSHIRE CAHRIAGE WORKS J. G. WILLIAMS, PRACTICAL CARRIAGE BUILDER, c HALYBEATE STREETV (Near Railway Station,) ABERYSTWYTH. NEW CARRIAGES of own Manufacture on. hand, of Best Material and Finest work- manship throughout. Rubber Tyres fitted to all Vehicles if required. J. G. WILLIAM* invites inspection of works, is the largsst and best equipped in the county. PRIVATE ADDItESS-1 3, BAKER .STRE BT» ^MPORIUM, rpmuRox. REES JONES,, IS nc ,v showing a large '.asortment of LADIES' MAIDS' and .GIRLS'* C 0 S T Ui M E S IN ULL SIZES, IN TIIE LEADING S3A £ >ES AND OF. THE JfATEST (gTYLFA., FROM 1(1" 6D. IT FOR LADIES7 SIZE.. DAVID, HOWELL, { GENERAL DRAPERY ESTABLISHMENT, 33 3.3', ("jjKKvr jyutKaATK ST., I AND 2 ARU. T STREET, ABERYSTWYTH. WELSH JJ^TANNELS AND SHÅWf CARPETS AND LINOLEUMS. W. R. JONES, I WATCHMAKER > JEWELLER, &-c,. 32, Great Darkgatg Street, ABERYSTWYTH. A large Assortment of JEWELLERY, in Gold, Silver, and Pebbles, Suitable for Presents, &c., also LADIES' AND GENTS' GOLD AND SILVER WATCHES. SPECTACLES AND EYE-GLASSES TO SUIT ALL SIGHTS. A Good Assortment of WEDDING, KBEPEB, and GEM RINGS. FURNITTtJltP, I FURNITURE. FURNITURE. J. L. EVANS, C0MPXETE HOUSE FURNISHER CABINET MAKER & UPHOLSTEKER, ^j_REAT D ARKGATE STREET A BERYSTWYTH. FURNITURE, FURNITURE, FURNITURE DA VID WOBKSHOP I SEA VIEW PLAOE. SEA VIEW PLACE. PEIYATB ADDRESS CUSTOM-HOUSE STREET. PAINTER, PLUMBER, PAPERHANGER, GLAZIER AND HOUSE DECORATOR. CHOICE ASSORTMENT OF PAPER- HANGINGS ALWAYS IN STOCK. — SHEET LEAD PIPES, CISTERNS, &c., &c. HOLLIEIl'S COMMERCE HOUSE, BRIDGE STREET & QUEEN STREET FOR FANCY GOODS AND CYCLING ACCESSORIES "æo. Business Notices.. WILLIAM JONES, WHOLESALE GAME SALESMAN, FISHMONGER, ENGLISH AND FOREIGN i'RUlTi^liEli AND FLORIST, PIER STREET, t ABERYSTWYTH. (Near the Town Clucu). Fresh Clotted Cream, Sweet Cream, C Cambridge Sausayed. EaglM, ami Foidg, c,„ and Garden 1 roduce Fresh Dm, FAMILIES WAIILD L FOR REAL WELSH FLANNEL AND WOOLLEN ui DS GO TO J. & E. GENERAL DRATEJi AND M! E R S „ 40 GREAT D ARK G T: REET4 A, 13 E R Y S T I DANIEL, f ■■ ;) N, AND MEREBIXtl, auctioneers, TENANT-RIGHT, TIMBER. ENERAI* AGRICULTURAL & PI RTY VALUERS. SURVEYORS, ARBITR. s, AND EIRE-LOSS ASSl S. OFFICES ABERYSTWYTH & OWYN FOR MUSIC AND MUSICAL INSTia fENTS PIANOS, ORG A • Supplied on the 1, 2, or • system. MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS F; E. NEW AND P< AR MUSIC. TUNING AND REPAIR IN-. TOWN AND COUNT!- WHEATLEY i ONS, 46, TERRACE ROAD, AJ ->TWYTH« Established 1851, WILLIAM j'ii 1 }IN9 RELIANCE HOUSE AND 15, PIER STKEHT, Working Watclni r, Lapidary, aiu weilcr. Purchaser of Brilliants, Old < i Silver, Modern aod Amiqr. • «-=:- "CELT LLU/- tr/iiN." j .Li z PAPYR WrrHNOSOL CY :.UNDAIN. Ysg/ifau dyddorol. Newyddion o bob DJ:, Hanes y Byd "so ■ vleidyddol. PRIS CEINIOG. GYDA'R POR HWARTER. Dosbarthwyr yn eisicll yr dal, ANFONEil A" "LONDON KELT j ;FICE, 211, GRAYS IN: D, LO W. C. I. LOVED AY, PLUMBER, PAINN R. GLAZIER, C 'i. TTKLT, 17, QUEEN HTI: EET, 1. ,.1 ABERYSTW n Ti-i :¡\, WISb fcciie" Jlbtrpstwptb CbrosiKEs AND Wtst Wales Advertiser, PUBLISHED EVERY TiM'T^DAY, PRICE ONE PENNY. POST ■ i. 6s. 6d. PER ANNUM PR qJ I HUGH DAY!: s | COUGH MIL TJRE ■ NO MORe Difficulty of ii '1 Inr, I MORE Sleepless Ni^i: I NO MORE Distressing Coir- 9 DAVIES'S COUGH MIXTURE for C 3S ■ DAVIES'S COUGH MIXTURE for <. S H DAVIES'S COUGH MIXTURE fo ,fA E DAVIES'S COUGH MIXTURE for 1: ■■■ 1HITIS G DAVIES'S COUGH MIXTURE for U nESS ■ DAVIES'S COUGH MIXTURE for r i -:NZA ■ DAVIES'S COUGH MIXTURE for C< ■ ■ DAVIES'S COUGH MIXTURE for (•■ a;S B DAVIES'S COUGH MIXTURE for HROAT B DAVIES'S COUGH MIXTURE—1' os ino- fl £ AI!ES'S COUGH MIXTURE warn-: :;•= Chast B DAVIES'S COUGH MIXTURE dissolv i.U Phlegm fl DAVIES'S COUGH MIXTURE for 9 DAVIES'S COUGH MIXTURE- for FUBLW B DAVIES'S COUGH MIXTURE SPEAKERS B 1- g THE GREAT WELSH RE k- fe 3Y. I 1 13jd. asXl 2 9 Bottles. So.a ■ vw/^r^M fl Sweeter than Honoy. Childipn t I HUGH CHENIIST, I•IJSTHJ