Welsh Gazette and West Wales Advertiser

Is it not a Scandal ? THE BURIAL OF THE NEWCASTLE-EMLYN PAUPER. SIR,- Yes, certainly it is, and of the deepest dye. The simple story of the burial of that aged pauper at Newcastle-Emlyn should bring a blush of shame to the face of every :Christian man and woman, and it is to be hoped that the Guardians will take immediate steps to make the repetition of such a disgraceful proceeding impossible. Surely the Guardians arc not so economic in all directions that they cannot afford a burial more in keeping with our sense of decency than that described by your correspondent in last week's Gazette. Is poverty a crime I One might reasonably conclude that it is in the opinion of the Guardians of the Poor in the Emlyn Union; otherwise how are we to account for the shabby and scandalous manner in which they bury the unfortunate paupers com- mitted to their charge. X. SIR,—If the facts be as stated, then truly some one has blundered." God forbid that poverty ever should be considered a crime, or that a pauper whom nobody owns" should be so dumped down to her last resting place. All honour to the officiating clergyman, who, with the union master seems to have been the only bit of common brotherhood visible to the naked eye. Sir, has Charles Dickens really written in vain ? Are not his works read at Newcastle-Emlyn ? Possibly some of the Guardians of the Poor"—heaven save the phrase and these particular guardians- would be the better for a course of instruction in this matter. Oh! for the trenchant pen of Hogarth to sketch this procession-a coffin on a donkey cart in the 20th century-shame, shame upon any authorities responsible for such a desecration libel that in a town where Christians worship; not away in some far off Australian bush. Guardians of the Poor 1 "-nay rather Guardians of the Poor RATE if this scandal be trpe, then woe be unto you, "for ye pay tithe of mint, and anise, and cummin, and have omitted the weightier matters of the law, judgment, mercy, and faith even so ye also outwardly appear righteous unto men, but within ye are full of hypocrisy and iniquity." A VOICE FROM TEIFY'S BANKS. SIR,-Allow me, in a few words to reply to Plebeian's letter on the burial of paupers, that appeared in your last issue. It contained a great deal of passion that might have very well been ex- pended in a more useful direction. He might have very appropriately spared his extremely righteous and seemingly religious indignation in words and utilised it in practical, sympathetic action. The old woman who was recently committed to her last resting-place had resided at the Union for a period of sixty years, and was, probably, a very near neighbour of Plebeian." Why did he not attend the funeral and so carry out in practice his strong convictions? There are so many people in the Newcastle Emlyn district like the poet, who like to stand aloof and exercise their so-called critical faculties: 'Tis pleasant, through the loopholes of retreat, To peep at such a world to see the stir Of the great Babel; and not feel the crowd." Why cannot Newcastle Emlyn do what the parishes round about, and belonging to the same Union, do? Why cannot they subscribe for a hearse ? Let the wealthy critics take the matter to heart and act upon it. Take for instance the parish of Penbryn. What do they do there ? If a native of the above place dies at the Emlyn Workhouse they send a hearse over to convey the body to the grave and attend the funeral as a mark of sympathy and respect. The same is done by Llangranog and other districts. Thanking you in anticipation for affording me a little space in your valuable paper. A FRIEND OF THE PAUPER. Newcastle Emlyn. SIR,-May I be allowed to express gratitude to your correspondent PlebeiaL" for doing what may be not unappropriately called a service to humanity in exposing and bringing before the public eye the revolting and impolite pseudc-economy of the New- castle Emlyn Union Guardians, who recently allowed an unfortunate pauper to be conveyed to her last resting place in a small cart drawn by a donkey. It is truly heartless. Nineteen centuries have almost passed away since Jesus of Nazareth taught the duty of universal love and fraternal feel- ing among mortals who are all (including paupers and guardians) children of one Father, which is in heaven, and mankind has had opportunities innumerable of practising the Golden Rule of doing unto others as we would be done by. And yet we find in Christian Wales a Board of Christian Guardians who are unchristianlike enough to con- sign a sister-christian to what is little better than a dog's burial. It may be argued that the honourable members of the Board were unaware of the degrading nature of the last rites, that they did not forbid the official undertaker to employ a hearse in the pauper faneral. Very likely not, but it cannot be denied that they have done what amounts to the same thing; they have cut the contract for despatching the dead paupers down to the utmost farthing. They have not been just, not to say generous, enough to pay the very moderate charge that would secure a respectable, or at least a decent funeral for the unfortunate pauper. It would be no defence to say that the Union is over-burdened and borne down by a vast number of paupers and that the slightest increase of expenditure would necessitate a corresponding increase in the poor- rate. Nay, not even these pleCs will avail. Mr. Bircham, the Government Inspector, in the course of a visit on January 11th, 1901, warmly congratu- lated the Guardians on the low percentage (3 2) of paupers in the Union, and. by the way, he actually complimented them on the greater attention than formerly now paid te the aged inmates. Nid da lie gellir grvell. Referring to the report of the Board meeting on the above date we read that the Treasurer reported a favourable balance of £1363 10s lid, which by the 22nd of February had increased to E1785 10s Zd. And yet the Guardians dread the cost of hiring a hearse. O temporal O mores Yours etc., M. ————————Mi

REVIEWS. "THE HISTORY OF NONCONFORMITY IN CARDIFF," By MESSRS. J. AUSTIN JENKINS and R. EDWARDS-JAMES. The first part of this book, which, in substance, has appeared before under the title of The His- tory of the Early Nonconformists of Cardiff," gives an interesting account of the pioneers of Noncon- formity in the neighbourhood of Cardiff, with their difficulties and trials. We get here some excellent chapters of the history of the brave men who took a prominent part in the struggles of those exciting times, to enable us to form a pretty correct idea of the state of affairs at the time, and the work which they accomplished. The religious privileges won through these men's bold stand for the truth have grreatly benefited the whole of Wales; therefore, the information given here is of value, not only to those interested in Cardiff, but to all who appre- ciate the liberty which our country enjoys at the present time. The second part of the book is not just what the title—"The Growth of Nonconfor mitv"—would lead us to expect. From the infor- mation given in the 181 pages devoted to the history of the various chapels, we can see nothing much of the inner life of the communities that have been carrying: on the causes in them nor do we find after reading it that we know much con. cerning the work done since the ti,me of Erberv and Cradock. What wo have is, mostly, dates and cost of buildings, the, names of the peoplo who were the means of starting new causes. There are also the names of all the ministers who have been in charge of the churches; at good deal of the personal history of some of thenp is added, chiefly of those who are still living, or have died recently. Much of this is interesting to the general reader, but is especially so to the people in and around Cardiff. In view of the formation throughout the land of branches of the Free Church Council, the appearance of this little volume is opportune. Federation is in the air. In Mr Hugh Price Hughes' opinion the most striking incident in the Free Church History of the nineteenth century is the movement which has brought all the Evangelical Free Churches of the country together in a way that is absolutely unparalleled in human history. It is to be hoped that other historical writers will follow the example get by the authors of this and similar books, and put on record the intensely interesting stories of the rise and growth of Non- conformity in various centres; taking care to always and implicitly follow the one rule of avoid- ing the slightest taint of narrow minded, withering bigotry and sectarianism in their pages. The value of such works, both for present time and for posterity, lies in their absolute historical accuracy and impartiality. In addition to chapters on the Evangelical Free Churches, the book contains one on the interesting history of the oirth and progress of the Unitarian movement in Cardiff, the members of which Christian body now meet in their band- some church in West Road. The plates are good, especially that of the Archer" silver Communion cup, which must rank amongst the oldest of the sacred vessels in any church or chapel in Cardiff. The authors, both of whom are alumni of U.C.W., Aberystwyth, deserve thanks for their attempt to throw-light on the history of Noncon- formity in Cardiff.

Gardening for the Month. Plant dahlia roots in thickly manured loam, hollyhocks, carnations, biennials, and perennials; at this season every herbaceous plant is almost sure to succeed. Plant out wallflowers, stocks, and sweet williams. Bud China, noisette, and moss roses on dog-rose stocks. In the kitchen garden there should be a continuance of preparing, sowing and planting; hoeing, thinning, and clearing out, z, of weeds require also to be attended to..In very dry weather seedling beds should be carefully watered. By this time the plants from the early sowing of cauliflowers, Brussels sprouts, winter greens, etc., will be ready for transplanting. In the fruit garden grafting and trimming operations should be completed early in the month. Turn over the ground frequently about gooseberry and currant bushes. Make war on caterpillars.

THE NATIONAL UNION OF TEACHERS. The National Union of Teachers, which now numbers 33 District Unions 431 Associations, and 43,614 members, will hold its thirty-second annual conference at Easter in Great Yarmouth, by invit- ation of the Mayor and Corporation of the Borough. There will be meetings and gatherings from Good Friday onwards, but the Conference proper will open on Easter Monday at 2p.m., when the Mayor and Corporation will welcome the visitors. Re- presentatives to the number of 1,780 have been appointed -to attend the Conference by the various branches of the Union. Mr. James F. Blacker, the new president, will deliver his inaugural address, dealing with the burning question of Voluntary School system, among other matters of educational interast. Deputations from Belgium, Scotland, and Ireland, will then be publicly received,, as also a deputation from the Co-operative Union. The Vice-President, Treasurer, and members of the Executive for the ensuing year will be elected, and the city of Bristol will be announced as the place for the Conference in 1902. Debates upon the questions of the educational system the rural schools problem the introduction of a decimal system of money, weights and measures; financial aid to schools; teachers tenure of office; the salaries of teachers; super- annuation for teachers, &c., will take place during the public sessions of the Conference, and there will be other sessions for the consideration of private business and matters domestic to the Union. An extensive exhibition of scientific apparatus for schools, school decorations, and furniture, will be held. The National Temperance League will entertain repiesentatives to breakfast on the Tuesday. The annual meetings of The Teachers' Provident Society, and The Teachers' Benevolent and Urphan Fund will take place in connection with the Conference. The Mayor will hold a reception. The Conference dinner will be attended by local Members of Parliament and Educationalists. On the 11th April, the Countess of Leicester will receive purses contributed by various branches of the Union towards the cost of the Orphanage and other Benevolent operations which the Union maintains. There will be a concert in aid of these funds, and a Conference ball. Additional features of the Conference arrangements will be the reunions of former students of Training Colleges, the annual meetings of the National Federation of Rural Teachers, and the National Federation of Assistant Teachers, a Ladies' "At Home,"as well as excursions to Burgh Castle, Norwich, Stalham, Lowestoft, &c., by cycle and brake. A Bazaar will also be held.

TOWYN. LOCAL GOVERNMENT BOARD INQUIRY. On Thursday last Mr H. Percy Boulnois, M. Inst. C. il., an inspector of the Local Government Board, conducted an inquiry at the Council Chamber, Towyn, into the application of the Towyn and Aberdovey Urban District Council for sanction to borrow £2,000 for the purpose of water supply. There were present:—Mr Daniel Edwards, Mr J. Maethlon James, and Mr B- Geufron Jones (mem- bers of the Council); Mr W. R. Davies (clerk). Mr R. Barnett (assistant clerk), Mr R. P. Morgan (sur- veyor), Mr Pryse Hughes (ex-surveyor), and Mr Edward Williams (inspector). There was no opposition to the application. The Clerk stated that the outstanding amount of loan in respect of water works was about £ 2,500. The bitter ex- perience of Maidstone made an impression on the Council as to the necessity of preserving in every possible way the sources of the water supply from pollution. The Council, therefore, sought to per- cbase Braichrhiw Farm, whereon was situated the reservoir which supplied Towyn with water. With the increasing population of Towyn, and the con- sequent larger provision of water which would have to be provided, the Council thought it highly desirable that the whole farm should be in their bands. Arrangements had been made for the per- cbase of the whole farm at what was considered a fair agricultural value, in fact at a bargain. It had come to his knowledge that soon after the purchase had been contracted, another offer of £300 or P.400 more was made to the vendors. The Council now applied for another Z100, in addition to the P.2,000 originally asked for, this being required to meet the expeaseof repairing several cottages on the land. Mr Corbett had granted the Council ti right of pipe line from the reservoir to the town through] his land, at a nominal pay- ment of P.1 per annum. All the water would be gathered from the mountain side, on which sheep only would graze, and as there were no farm houses in -the vicinity, the danger of pollution would be-very small.—The Surveyor, in his speci- fication, bad specified that the main should be laid at a depth of two feet six inches.—The Inspector, however, stated that after the severe frost of a few years ago, the Local Government Board required that all mains should be laid at a depth of not less than three feet.-Mr Pryse Hughes stated that his experience was that frost never penetrated more than about ten' incbes.-Tke Olerk, on behalf of the Council, thanked Mr Boulnois for the courteous manner in which he had conducted the inquiry.— Mr Boulnois replied and congratulated the Council on the very wise step they had taken to secure what appeared to him a very valuable farm at a 1 reasonable price, and thereby protect the town's supply of water. He, also, wished to thank Mr Morgan, the surveyor, for conducting him over the farm and pointing out the works that were to be carried out. He also complimented him on the very able manner in which he had prepared the plans and specifications for the inquiry.

RUBBING EASES PAIN. By instinct the hand flies to the Eart hurt, but to eliminate Aches and 'ains a safe stimulating medium or lubricant is necessary, and its physical condition should facilitate the process of rubbing. Such Is ELLIMAN'S EMBROCATION. Elliman's For Rheumatism, Lumbago, Elliman's Sprains, Bruises, Blliman's „ Fresh Cots, Elliman's Sore Throat from Cold, Elliman's Cold at the Chest, Elliman's „ Neuralgia from Cold, Elliman's „ Chilblains before Broken, Elliman's „ Corns when Painful, Elliman's Cramp, Stiffness, Elliman's Soreness of the Limbs Elliman's after Cycling, Football, Elliman's Rowing, &e. Bottles, 8id., is. lid., 2s. 9d., 4s. Eliiman, Sons & Co., Slough, England. } Printing quickly and 'neatly d°f. at the Welsh Gazette" Printevies Et Street. Business Notices. WILLIAM PROBIN RELIANCE HOUSE AND 15, PIER STREET, Working Watchmaker, Lapidary, and Jeweller. Purchaser of Brilliants, Old Gold and Silver Modern and Antique Plate. t CASTLE HOUSE, ABERAYRON. John Hugh Jones, The oldest established Draper in Aberayron. LARGE STOCK OF DBAPEBY OF EVERY DESCRIPTION. FOR WELSH MATERIALS Of all description unsurpassed in the Town MODERN SHOWROOMS. < Ladies and Gentlemen are respectfully requested I to visit the above Establishment. They will be surprised at the variety of the Stock. FOR REAL WELSH FLANNEL AND WOOLLEN GOODS GO TO J. & E. EVANS, GENERAL DRAPERS AND Mil L LINERS, 40 GREAT DABEGA.ra STsREET- A BERYSTWYTH F. BENNISON, FISHMONGER AND FRUITERER, LISBURNE HOUSE, TERRACE ROAD. FRESH FISH DAILY FRESH FISH DAILY CAUGHT BY OUR OWN BOAT IN THE BAY. Albatross and Plover. FRESH SALMON FROM THE TEIFY, SEVERN, AND OTHER RIVERS. ICE always on band. Homers' Clotted Cream and Cream Cheese. Fruit and Vegetables fresh daily BENNISON'S NEW AND COMMODIOUS POSTING ESTABLISHMENT PORTLAND STREET, ABERYSTWYTH. CHAR-A-BANCS leaves Lisburne House Terrace-road, at 10.15a.m. Daily for Devil' Bridge, Plynlimon, Llyfnant Valley, other places of interest; also; I AFTERNOON DRIVES. Excursions made to Hafod, Taliesin's Grave, Monk's Cave, &c., &c. SPECIAL TERMS FOR PRIVATE PARTIES. Landaus, Victorias Waggonettes, Phaetons, Dog- carts, Irish Jaunting Car, Governess Cars, and Donkey Carriage for Children always on Hire. COMMODIOUS BICYCLE STORES. SPECIAL DRAPERY. SPECIAL NEW G'OODS! I NEW G OODS In all Departments JUST ARRIVED. London House, GREAT DARKGATE STREET. ROWLAND MORGAN. I JOHN LLOYD & SONS, TOWN CRIERS, BILL POSTERS AND DISTRIBUTORS, HAVE the largest number of most prominent Posting Stations in all parts of Aberystwyth and District. Having lately purchased the business and stations of Aberystwyth Advertising and General Bill Posting Stations, they are able to take large contracts of every description. Over 190 Stations in the Town and District. Official Bill Posters to the Town and County Coun- cils, G.W.R. Co., Cambrian Railway Co., all the Auctioneers of the Town and District, and other Public Bodie Ebt tuelsl) Gazette" IS ON SALE IN LONDON AT Messrs. W. H. EVERETT & SONS, Bell's Buildings, Salisbury Square. LONDON, E.C. Mr. W. H. ROBERTS, Bookseller, lo, Cecil Court, Charing Cross. BY POST 6s. 6d. A YEAR. TAILORING ESTABLISHMENT, ] Jg pIER STREET, A BERYSTWYTH DAVID JAMES. Suitings, Coatings, Trouserings, &c., in the best p 11 fashion and at reasonable prices. Business Notices. )_ UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF SOUTH WAL AND MONMOUTHSHIRE, CARDIFF. SCHOOL OF MEDICINE. ALL CLASSES are open to both Men and Women Students who may spend three out of their five years of Medical Study at this College. Special Courses are held in preparation for the examinations for a Diploma in Public Health and also for Sanitary Inspectors. Information regarding Fees and a Prospectus of the School of Medicine may be obtained on application to the DEAN OF THE FACULTY OF MEDICINE. R. O. RICHARDS* TAILOR, Hatter, Hosier, and General Outfitter. LADIES' COSTUMES A SPECIALITY. ABERDOYEY. YOUR FAVORS RESPECTFULLY SOLICITED TEMPERANCE COMMERCIAL HOTEL, STATION TERRACE, LAMPETER. Two Minutes walk from the Railway Station. WELL-AIRED BEDS BATH ROOM. CHARGES MODERATE PROF RIETrEss- Rs S. A. WALTERS. WORTH A GUINEA A BOX. S FOR ALL BILIOUS & NERVOUS DISORDERS SICK HEADACHEt: CONSTIPATION, WEAK STOMACH, WIND, IMPAIRED DIGESTION, DISORDERED LIVER, and FEMALE AILMENTS. ANNUAL SALE SIX MILLION BOXES. << In Boxes, Is 1-1 d, and 2s 9d each, with full 2 directions. The Is lid box contains 56 Pills. Prepared only by the Proprietor- THOMAS BEECHAM. ST HELENS, LANCASHIRE A, C I N C- GALVANISED SHEEP NETTING AND STANDARDS. IItJIIj AT LOW PRICES, ( .>' C:l'()2:3 free o:{ apnilC,>4:on. I W 0 LV E RH M PT 0 N'1i, I. t. "('c" C: "MS: 139 J'' CANN'" 'E.C RICHARD MORGAiS: GENERAL GROCER, CORN & FLOUR MERCHANT, GREAT D ARKG'ATE STREET BERYSTWYTH. EARLY FORCING BULBS EARLY FORCING BULBS. Extra Selected for Forcing, Planting, &c. OUR ROMAN HYACINTHS. Early Single Pure White. A Speciality. Always a big success. l EARLY BLUE ROMAN HYACINTHS ITALIAN HYACINTHS. Early White, Early Mountain White, Double Easly Rose and Early Straw Coloured. NARCISSUS. Large-flowered Paper White Polyanthus Narcissus. Double Roman Polyanthus Narcissus. LILIUM CANDIDUM. LILIUM HAERISII. FREEZIA REFRACTA ALBA, &c. Specially Selected Bulbs for our High-class Retail Trade. Bulb Catalogue issued early in August. I CLIBRANS', Manchester & Altrincham WHOLESALE AND RETAIL CONFECTIONER. AGENT FOR BARRETfs LoNDON CONFECTIONERY FINEST SELECTION OF NOVELTIES FILLED WITH CHOCOLATE FROM THIC LEADING IRMS. pOOD ACCOMMODATION FOR CYCLISTS Most Central Place in Town NOTE THE ADDRKSS:- MORGANS' I fiigb-class confectiontrp Stores. OPPOSITE THE TOWN CLOCK. Tea Rooms and Refreshments. C. LUMLEY & SON, COAL, COKE, AND LIME MERCHANTS, MACHYNLLETH, Sole Agents for the Celebrated Goulding's Manures. Agents for Price Thomas' Phosphate. Special Terms fur truck loads. Delivered to an) Railway Station Business Notices. G.. MOR 0 GAN YW CYMRTJ I GYD music MUSIC MUSIC NO PLACE LIKE ARNFIELDS, DOLG ELLEY FOR REALLY GOOD MUSIC, Old and New. MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS of the Best Make. MUSICAL ACCESSORIES of every kind. Pianos, Harmoniums, American Organs. UNRIVALLED FOR QUALITY AND PRICE! Branches at Barmouth, Pwllheli, and Towyn. -4. JAMES'S LONDON k PROVINCIAL TEA, WINE, gPIRIT AND J>ROVISIOIf STORES, r 32 & 34, TRRACE RQAD « A BERYSTWYTH, (ASJOIKIKA Tin POST OFF-zx) I MESSRS. JOHN JAMES & CO Are the Sole Agents for Aberystwyth and District for BASS & Co 8 CELEBRATED BURTON ALES AND STOUT Supplied Families and the Trade in 9 and 18 Gallon Casks, in Imperial Pint and Half-pint Bottles. Special attention is called to B ASS & CO.'s LIGHT DINNER ALE, 2s. 6d. per Dozen AGENTS FOR W. & A. G ILRY'S WINES AND SPIRITS. J. WALTER EVANS, 1199 GREAT JQARKGATE STREET ABERYSTWYTH. Is now showing a SplendiSelection of NEW GOODS I In all Departments. BOYS' & MEN'S SUITS IN A GREAT YARILTY. NEW DRESSES, FURNISHING GOODS, kc.

April Rain. The April rain. the April rain. Comes slanting down in fitful showers, Then from the furrow shoots the grain, And banks are edged with nestling flowers; And in gray shaw and woodland bowers The cuckoo through the April raiu Calls once again. z, The April sun, the April sun, Glints through the rain in fitful splendour, And in gray shaw and woodland dun The little leaves spring forth and tender Their intant hands, yet weak and slender,. For warmth towards the April sun, One after one. And between shower and shine hath birth, The rainbow's evanescent glory Heaven's light that breaks on mist and earth! Frail symbol of our youthful story, It flows through showers where, looming hoary, The rain-clouds flash with April mirth, Like Life on earth. MATHILDE BLIND.

Be Just and Fear Not. Speak thou the truth. Let others fence And trim their words for pay; In pleasant sunshine of pretence Let others bask their day. Face thou the wind. Though safer seemed In shelter to abide; We were not made to sit and dream; The safe must first be tried. Woe, woe to him, on safety bent, Who ei eeps to age from youth, Failing to grasp his life's intent, Because he fears the truth. Be true to every inmost thought, And as thy thought, thy speech What thou hast not by suffering bought Presume thou not to teach. Hold on, hold on—thou hast the rock, The foes are on the sand The first world-tempest's ruthless shock Scatters their shifting strand. While each wild gust the mist shall clear, We now see darkly through, And justified at last appear The true in Him that's true. DEAN ALFORD.

A Grand Purpose. It is something to have a great purpose, although it may never come to nothing visible. David dreamed a temple, and he was the better for the dream. In proportion to the width and of general nobleness of our thought, is the benefit accruing from it to our own life. A grand wish is an instrument of education. 4 comes always to adig- nity of a prayer. Herein is the wonderful mystery of prayer in human conduct: we cannot follow the prayer, or lift up the suppliant to the noble petition, but having uttered the supplication we are proportionately ennobled by the very sacri ce. Think of a mind without a great thought, a heart without a generous purpose, a life without a dreaml Why it is like the earth without the sky. Cultivate high wishes, fine desires, pure aspirations, re igous outgoings of soul, and though they may never come to anything visible and tangible, so far as this world is concerned, the heart is the better for this ministry of purpose, this ministry of secret purification, and this spirit of dispossession of evil by the encouragement and culture of good. DR. PARKER.

+ Hostile Criticism. An enemy is always more interested in our faults and shortcomings than in our excellencies, and frequently takes pains to discover them and spread them abroad. If, instead of letting this excite us to anger, we use it as a means for restaining those faults-if we are more concerned in the endeavour te avoid the misdeeds for which we are criticised than the criticism itself—then our enemies, in trying to harm us, will have done us a great good. If in those very points in which they depreciate us we prove ourselves spotless, their testimony against us will lose weight, and their influence in onr dis- favour will die away. But, if we are merely indignant at the detraction, and wrathful at the detractor, we shall confirm his evil report in the minds of those who have heard it. We are not yet so far advanced in character that we can wholly do without the motive of fear, and the fear of what is in the power of an enemy to do to injure us may sometimes axert a wholesome restraint. At any rate, the best way to overcome it is by watchful and circumspect conduct to put it out of his power to injure us. »

Social Happiness. Childhood and age are the real tests of social happiness and prosperity. Wben, a community gives due respect and attention to its old and its •young, it is"a sign of prosperity, as well as of human- ity. What a beautiful picture it is—the old sitting and looking upon the smiling countenances of the young, reviewing their own lives, going baok to the time when they were full of hopes and anticipations, and fervently hoping that these young lives might be even stronger and happier and worthier than their own had been rejoicing that one generation grave place to another, which should carry on its work, and having no feeling of sadness or bitterness -or regret. What the young should be taught were two things—their destiny on the earth, and their bope hereafter. These were the great equipment really needed for life. All our own energies that ^nade for good had flowed from them. beautiful were the children playing in the street! Even in the streets and slumsofLondon the passer-by felt the beauty and grarce and joy of child life, before the world had put its stamp upon it and marred it- The little child's soul as had been said, was a sheet of white, paper unscribbled on by the world. But the world scribbled on it and folded it in different ways, and it often became blurred and confused and ill-arranged, with no clear and precise message written on it by those who had been before as to its destiny in this life and its aope for the life to come. What the children -equired was the conception of a noble life—the ieeling, 1. even I, can lead a noble and a beautiful life. I, even in the conditions in which my lot is tast, have a soul that came from God, and though men may disregard me, I know the angels of God are gazing on me. and are beckoning me to share their life in the time that is to be. That was the knowledge which every human being ought to possess. A society was strong so long as the desire for a noble life ran through it. We nnght rejoice that the sense of duty to the generation that is to come is greater now than before, for that is really the best of the progress of the race. LISHOP or LONDON.

The Book of Caron. BY PHILIP SIDNEY." NO. I. More than one hundred and fifteen years have rolled away since November 25th, 1786, when an unknown writer passed his band along the top of a clean page, and penned these words:—" The Vestry Book of Caron." This. book like others of its kind is brimful of entries, which throw up into strong relief, the vari- ous incidents which farmed parts of the daily lives of our grandsires, in the far past; and from its pages I quote to-day. First however let me say a word or twc about Trev Garon,' or as we the better know it today Tregaron.' Saint Caron was a British man, born in a low situation in life, though his courage and generous deportment obtained him the sovereignty in Wales: he made war against the Romans, reigned seven years, says Meyrick, and was buried at Tregaron. Ley land refers to Tregaron and tells us there is a Cbirch standin upon a ground Coppe of cast Yerth"; and preserves for us too the further fact that the chefe town of Pennarth Lordship, being in Cardiganshire is Tregaron." As we have lately been reminded in Records of Old Cardiganshire,' Tregaron once hadjajMayor and was a corporate town, but owing to improper con- duct at the election of a member to serve in parlia- ment in the year 1742, the corporation was voted, in that august house, to have forfeited its charter, Can any Caronite tell me if there really still ex-I ists a tombstone, with this inscription ? It was formerly in the churchyard Here lieth James Herbert of Pen Sheriff who died 1684. Remember man as thou goest bye So thou art now, so u'en was I Remember man that dye thou must And after come to judgment just. James Herbert, a short time previous to his death cairiod the gravestone himself to the churchyard though very lafge and ponderous, by means of bands made of birch. In 1786, when the Book of Caron" was begun David Williams was Vicar, and John Jones and Thomas Jones, the churchwardens. By far the largest number of entries refer to the poor of the parisli,laiidto the methods of their re- lief. Some of these entries now claim our atten- tion. On 9 Jan. 1787-8, the vestry agreed" to give Wm Davies 8s for the Maintenance of Mary Jones till Chandlemas old style from the Date hereof." One David Jones was at times clothed, by the vestry :-On 3 Feb. 1787-8 it was agreed that he is to have a new pair of Breeches by the Church- wardens and overseers of the Poor—John Jones and Thomas Jones, Will Roberts, Sunnyhill and others." Later on, that year the officers in the generosity of their hearts gave Eliz Richards a Jacket, Shirt, Petticoat, and Handkerchief, Wood Shoes to be found by the acting Churchwardens at the Charge of the Parish." In January 1788 it was agreed to give a Shirt to William Jenkin, over and above what was voted him before whilst on 27 May in the same year at a Vestry Legally held it was agreed to give Catherine Davies to new Blakets Bet gown, and peticot and smoke [smock]" In addition to clothing the bodies the vestry clothed the roofs of the houses of their poor, in 1794 it was unanimously agreed to give Two Thraves of Barley Straw to thatch the House of Lettice Richard." X Next year, in December, Lettice was again in trouble about her roof for it was unanimously agreed to give ten shillings over and above what is allowed her for the year,—also to pay the expences of thatching the House lof Lettice Richard as Wm Jones of pen y Bont give 3 thraves of Barley Straw gratis towards the thatching of the said House, also to give her a flannen Shift." Again does poor Lettice need further help. for in November 1796 it was agreed to give Lettice Richard Seven Car Loads of Turf at threepence per Car Load." Will some local friend tell me how this price of turf,—just 100 years ago—works out with the pre- sent cost of the same quantity 7 Clothing, roofing, firing then were allowed, so too were coffins:-On 13 Jan. 1801, "We Lowed a Coffing to Jenkin Walter, 8s." So much then for the care of the poor. Now we come to two entries of more than usual interest, which give us a glimpse of War and of Saint Caron's care for those who sufferedjby it. On 28 May, 1793, we read how At a Vestry holden it was agreed and consented that the sum of £1, 2s Od be assigned on the Paiish for the Relief of the French clergy. Refugees in this Country." Fifteen years later, on 25 July, 1808, the warm hearted Caronites 4* unanimously agreed to assessed on this Parish a guinea for the Relief of the British Prisoners in France, as witness our bands, David Williams, Vicar, David Jones and John Jones (x) overseers." So far as my researches have gone in this County these are the only references r have yet met with, to relief to refugees and prisoners. Can any clergymen tell me of similar entries in their White Books 1 As is but natural the Parish Church and it re- pairs etc, are constantly alluded to, and from many of the entries it is quitej possible to ,build up a mental picture of St Caron's Church a century and more ago; and of its then surroundings. The Steeple" and Tower" first get noticed on 29 June, 1789 when it is recorded that one John Jones of Tynyberth in this parish hath agreed to give up his Agreement concerning the Steeple or Tower of this Church and to do all the repairs on the parts of the said Tower at the sum of £ 21alQs 6d. John Jones Received 4s earnest." At a Vestry on 28 May, 1790. David Phillips, and Thomas Davies agreed and undertook to repair the Tower's leaden gutters and Bearers thereof and to make the Pinacle anew, and to keep the same in good and sufficient Repair for the Term of Ten years, for the sum of Eight Pounds and Nine Shilling, and to give sufficient Security to fulfil this agreement." At the February Vestry, in 1800. "it was agreed a Lowed to the offerseers and Church wardens to give Notice to Thomas Davis and David Phillips for Re. pare the Tup of stipple and if we not Repaire By the Said Notice, we Lowed the churchwardens go and sue them By Law to Make them in a Term of one Month." On 13 June, 1804 "An Greement Made by the under Name parishioners with David Phillip, Carpenter, of the town of Tregaron for making a New Bell Top Build of oak Timber of the follow- ing scantling three New Beam 18 feet Long ten inches square Borded with Two Inch and half oak Bords New frame for the Bell all of oak.rimber To be compleat finished on or before the Tenth Day of October Next for the sum of Thirty Pounds, Ten pound to be advanced at the beginning of the work and interest were allowed to the Churchwarden New Tachle for the Said work at the expence of the Parish." So much for the 'Stipple' now for the 'Bible,'one entry, but that strange one. Will it be credited that the Vestry sold the Church Bible Verily was it so, and one wonders what action if any the Bishop took in the matter. Here is the record of the Vestry's deal and book- selling business: May 13,1793,—The old Church Bible was sold at the Vestry, to William Jones at ilantulles for the sum of 5s." (To be Continued.)

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LAWYERS AND PUBLIC APPOINTMENTS. SIR,—The Guardians of the Lampeter Union did well not to sweat down their clerkship by appoint- ing a person who offered to do the duties for the paltry sum of £20, and that without extras. I know of nothing that cuts so much at the roots of an honourable profession as the fact that some lawyers are foolish enough to pursue such a foolish policy as to undersell their services to such an unreasonable extent as in this instance. The man in the street cannot help noticing the disparity between £80 and S20 and what is the conclusion he not unnaturally arrives at ? Is it not that lawyers or the great majority of lawyers make an exorbitant charge for their services and who can blame him if his confidence in the profession is thrown to the winds when he is made a witness of such ludicrous exhibition as that which took place at the last meeting of the Lampeter Guardians. Lawyers will have only themselves to blame for the evil effects of pursuing such a mischievous policy in order to secure public appointments. I admire the Lampeter Guardians for doing their duty for obeying the dictates of a nobler ethics than that inspired by false-economy, however^ temptingly put forth. LEX.