The Montgomeryshire Express and Radnor Times

§TO"rwic?S S BAKING POWD "The Cook's Best Friend."

Newtown Difficulty Solved. For many years Newtown has had to face a serious difficulty. Whilst evidence was always plentiful, it was difficulti to confirm, because it was always the evidence of strangers in distant towns. But now there is an abundance of local evidence, for Newtown cases are reported in our columns week after week. Mrs E. Boden, of 35, Sheaf-street, Newtown, says I can speak very highly of Doan's backache kidney pills, for they have done me good where everything else failed. I have suffered with kidney complaint for several years; I had difficulty in raising myself again. My feet and hands swelled a great deal, and I was listless. At one time I was an out-patient at the infirmary, but I got no relief. I was also under the doctor's care, but with the same result. Then I heard of Doan's backache kidney pills, and thought I would try them, so I obtained a box. After I had taken about half a box of the medicine I began to feel better. I found I could do my work without stopping to rest-a thing I had not been able to do for a long time. I per- severed with the pills, and began to realise that at last I had found a cure. The pains in my back disappeared, the swellings in my hands and feet became less troublesome, and my general health improved. I shall continue to recommend Doan's backache kidney pills to all kidney Bufferers. (Signed) Mrs BODEN." Doan's backache kidney pills are two shillings and ninepence per box, or six boxes for thirteen shillings and ninepence. Of all chemists and stores, or post free direct from the Foster- McClellan Co., 8, Wells-street, Oxford-street, London, W. Be sure you get the same kind of pills as Mrs Boden had.

ADVANTAGES OF CAPONISING. It is very strange, considering the simplicity of the operation, how few poultry-keepers practise the art of caponising young male birds, and still more strange since it is possible, under certain conditions, to make the work very profitable. It is not so many years ago since the num- ber of experts who followed this branch of table-poultry could be counted on the fingers of one hand now, fortunately, there are a larger number of poultry-keepers who are able to perform the operation, but still the market demand at Christmas is considerably in advance of the supply, and there is opportunity for many others in this direction. Briefly stated, the advantages of caponising are as follows (1) Capons mature more rapidly and grow to a larger size than would cockerels; (2) the flesh of an eight or nine months old capon is as tender and juicy as that of a spring chicken; (3) capons can be run indiscrimi- nately with males or females during the growing period and (4) the value per pound of capon flesh is higher than that of ordinary cockerel flesh. WEBB & SONS' ROOT CROP COMPETI- TION, 1910. I The awards in the annual competition for the valuable prizes offered by Webb & Sons, the King's seedsmen, Wordsley, Stourbridge, for root crops grown from their seeds and with the aid of their special manure has just been made by the judges, viz.: Mr Alex. I. lies, Park Farm, Fairford, Glos.; Mr John Kendrick, Stone Park, Stone, Staffs.; Mr James Liddell, Tilney Home Farm, Hook, Hants. DISTRICT 1. Five acres of Webbs' swedes, open to the counties of Salop, Stafford, Montgomery, War- wick, and Leicester. First prize, C15 15s, Richard Timmis, Podmore, Eccleshal], Staffs., 46 tons 11 cwt. 1 qr. 20 lbs. per acre second prize, R10 10s, Septimus Timmis, Charnes Old Hall, Eccleshall, Staffs., 45 tons 11 cwt. 1 qr. 20 lbs. per acre. Three acres of Webbs' mangolds. First prize, £10 10s, G. Bagnall, Acfcon Mill Farm, Stafford, 79 tons 8 cwt. 2 qrs. 4 lbs. per acre second prize, £5 5s, W. H. O. Lander, Day House, Wellington Salop, 63 tons 17 cwt, 0 qrs. 16 lbs. per acre. OFFICIAL REPORT ON WELSH CROPS. The Board of Agriculture, in its report for Wales, issued last week, states that in the north the corn crops were generally secured in good condition and of good quality, and reports from Montgomery and Flint describe the crops as very good. In the southern portion of Wales the reports are not quite so satisfactory, the ears not being well filled in some districts of Cardigan and Brecon the condition varies considerably, ranging from bad to very good. The lifting of potatoes is practically completed, and many reports refer to the smallness of the tubers. Disease is reported in several counties, principally in the north. Mangolds are now being lifted and are being secured in good condition, but are small in size. Turnips and swedes are still in the ground and growing. The weather generally has been favourable to autumn cultivation. The progress of wheat sowing has varied 'considerably in different counties. A report from Montgomery refers to the backward state of the wheat sowing owing to the hard condition of the ground, while in Merioneth, Brecon, Carmarthen, and Glamor- gan much wheat has been got in. Seeds are reported to be a good full plant, healthy and vigorous and growing well.

"ADVICE TO MOTHERS."—Are you broken in your rest by a sick child suffering with the pain of cutting teeth ? Go at once to a chemist, and get a bottle of MRS. WINSLOW'S SOOTHING SYRTTP. It produces natural, quiet sleep by relieving the child from pain, and the little cherub awakes as bright as a button." Contains no Poisonous Ingredient. Of all Chemists. I/Ii per bottle.

REARING THE DAIRY CALF. A dairy cow should be allowed to rest from six to eight weeks before freshening. If a cow milks right up to the time of calving she will not do as well during the next period of lactation. When the very young calf is removed from its dam it should be placed in a small pen by itself and not with the other little ones, says an American authority. As a rule it is better to feed the calf with its mother's milk the first week at least, or until the milk can be used in the dairy. Of course, the amount fed will vary with the size and strength of the calf, but as a rule from three to four pounds by weight or three to four pints by measure is recommended. Some consider it necessary to feed three times a day, but that is unnecessary, and as it is no small amount of trouble, the noon meal may well ba dispensed with. Some of the very important things t3 be observed about calf feeding are: Regularity in time of feeding and amounts fed, as well as proper temperature of the milk. The nearer 98 degrees F. the milk can be fed the better, and it should be fed sweet. Some farmers feed sour milk when the calves are older, and report good results. It should be remembered that this change from sweet to sour should be brought about very gradually, and when once upon sour milk diet they should not be changed back and forth from sweet to sour.

iiiiiii A single wineglassful of ) Hall's Wine is sufficient to j induce sound, healthful sleep in nine out of ten I cases of sleeplessness. It soothes the nerves and aids t the circulation instantly. M You try it! The new,extra-large size bottle is 3/6. 18 no 014.0

OUR DEFICIENCIES IN POULTRY INSTRUCTION. By Edward Brown, F.I.S., Hon. Secretary National Poultry Organisation Society. Education is a prime necessity for develop- ment in every branch of life. Instruction in principles and training in methods are required in poultry keeping as well as every other business. It is desirable to enquire how we stand in this respect as compared with other countries. What has taken place in England and Wales is recorded in the official returns. The Board of Agriculture gave in 1908-9 £ 30 for poultry work. The County Councils were allocated the whiskey money for technical instruction. The following figures tell the tale so far as they are concerned :— Year. Amount applied Grants to Col- Total ex- to Agricultural leges and pended on Education. Schools, poultry inst. x x x 1903-4 90,275 32.146 3,105 1904-5 86,900 26,332 3,145 1905-6 83,987 26,880 3,132 1906.7 79,805 23,596 2,527 1907-8 75,882 21,737 2,538 Reduced by Rl4,453 £ 10,409 .£.j67 Thus it will be seen that reduction has taken place all round. Apart from colleges and schools the pro rata reduction on poultry is greater than on any other subject. It was always half-starved, yet the crumbs thrown to it since 1903-4 have been curtailed to the extent of nearly 12 per cent. In 1906-7 the expenditure at American Colleges and experi- mental stations for poultry alone was £ 43,204, apart from farmers' institutes. At several of the leading colleges the annual expenditure is zC2,000 in poultry experiments. In this coun- try zC5,000 would more than cover all the public money devoted to instruction and experiments in this subject by the Board of Agriculture, Colleges, schools and County Councils com- bined. So far as agricultural colleges and schools

The Question of Health. The question of health is a matter which is sure to concern us at one time or another, especially when Influenza is so prevalent as it is just now so it is well to know what to take to ward off an attack of this most weakening disease, this epi- demic catarrh or cold of an aggravating kind, to combat it whilst under its baneful influence, and particularly after an attack, for then the system is so lowered as to be liable to the most dangerous of complaints. Gwilym Evans' Quinine Bitters is acknowl- edged by all who have given it a fair trial to be the most specific remedy dealing with Influenza in all its various stages, being a preparation skilfully prepared with Quinine and accompanied with other blood purify- ing and enriching agents, suitable for the liver ,digestion, and all those ailments re- quiring tonic strengthening and nerve in- creasing properties. It is invaluable for those suffering from colds, pneumonia, or any serious illness, or prostration caused by sleeplessness or worry of any kind, when the body has a general feeling of weakness and lassitude. Send for a copy of the pamphlet of testimonials, which carefully read and consider well, then buy a bottle (sold in two sizes, 2s. 9d. and 4s. 6d) at your nearest Chemist or Stores. But when purchasing see that the name Gwilym Evans is on the label, stamp, and bottle, for without which none are genuine. Sole Proprietors:—Quinine Bitters Manufactur- ing Company, Limited, Llanelly, South Wales.

AGRICULTURAL CO-OPERATION. Sir,—My Committee notice that the word Co-operation is used of late in reference to various movements that have called for the united action of agriculturists and others in- terested in the land. While the Committee are glad to see that the idea of combination is making headway, they feel compelled to pro- test against the misuse of the word Co- operation and its application to undertakings which are not truly co-operative. The term "Agricultural Co-operation ap- plies strictly to those forms of combination advocated by the Agricultural Organisation Society, and it is important to us that Agricul- tural Co-operation should not be brought into disrepute by the failure or indiscretions of of undertakings to which the term Co- operation is wrongly applied. Many of these undertakings are on utterly unsound lines, and for the very reason that they are not co- operative, will either fail altogether, or not succeed in accomplishing the beneficial results which are expected. The best way to form an Agricultural Co-

HAVE YOU A 1 BAD LEG I with wounds that discharge or otherwise, perhaps so surrounded with inflammation, and swollen that when you press your finger on the inflamed part it leaves the impres- sion ? If so, under the skin you have poison that if not extracted you can never recover, but go on suffering till death releases you. Perhaps your knees are swollen, the joints being ulcerated; the same with the ankles, round which the skin may be discoloured, or there may be wounds. The disease, if allowed to continue, will deprive you of the power to walk. You may have attended various hos- pitals and had medical advice and advised to submit to amputation but do not, for I can cure you. I don't say perhaps, but I will. Because others have failed is no reason I should. Send at once a P.O. or stamps for 2s 6d to ALBERT, 73, FARRINGDON STREET, LONDON, and you will receive a box of I GRASSHOPPER OINTMENT and Pills, which is a sure remedy for the cure of Bad Legs, Housemaid's Knee, Ulcer- ated Joints, Carbuncles, Poisoned Hands, Tumours, Abscesses, Sore Throat, Bronchitis Bunions, and Ringworm. (Copyright.

Llanidloes Councillors. ) Sir,—We would thank you for allowing a small space to insert the following in your valuable paper. We are glad to say that the electorate of our ancient borough has been aroused to a sense of its duty in bringing out candidates for the vacancies on the Town Council. We have just witnessed a spirited election once more. This cannot fail to do good to the new and old members. Our Coun- cil often forgets the public are watching them. We hope the new men that have just been returned will play the game up to their promises. The ratepayers have been pressed during the last week by different candidates for the opportunity to serve them and guard their interests on the Council, but do they do it when they get there ? What we notice very plainly is that they all get to blow through the same quill very soon and say ditto to a good many of the leaders to anything whether it is right or wrong. What our Council is needing more than anything at the present is a few men with some backbone who will not allow themselves to be made tools in the hands of others to gain private ends. Men who have the courage of their opinions and who are not afraid to pro- claim them and stand up for what is right and just are wanted on the Council. We should like to know what his become of Mr O'Neill; when elected he claimed to be the working man's representative and was put on by working men. He was going to do this, that, and the other, but alas he lies quiet and we are afraid he has taken a dose of the Council's sooching syrup. However, if he gains consciousness will Mr O'Neill kindly reply to this and let us understand is he going to help the Radicals whom we have returned. We think it iR only due to us who carried him so triumphantly.-Y ours truly, A WORKING MAN.

HUNTING APPOINTMENTS. MR. DAVID DAVIES' FOX HOUNDS WILL MEET ON Monday, November 21 Llawryglyn Thursday, November 23 Dolfor Saturday, November 26 Aberbechan Bridge 10-30 a.m. MR. DAVID DAVIES' BEAGLES WILL MEET ON Wednesday, November 23 Llangurig Friday, November 25 .Abermule 10-30 a.m.

CAMBRIAN RAILWAYS. PASSENGER TRAIN ALTERATIONS FOR DECEMBER, 1910. There will be no alterations in the running of this Company's brains for December, and the Time Tables dated October, 1910, together with the alterations for November, will, therefore, re- main in force until further notice. CHAS. L. CONACHER, Oswestry, Nov., 1910. Traffic Manager.

MONEY. DEAR SIR or MADAM,—Are you requiring a prompt and Private Cash advance? If so, you cannot do better than write for my terms, free of charge. I lend .£10 and upwards at Lowest Interest and Payments, upon Note-of-Hand, or on Policies, Deeds, etc. You can rely upon straight dealings and strict privacy. Write at once (in strict confidence) to F. W. HUGHES, Silver- dale," 63, Kingswood-road, Moseley, Birmingham. One of Pentrerhedyn Street, Many. Machynlleth, Oct. Hth, 1910. To PHILLIPS' MUSIC SALON, Newtown. GENTLEMEN,— I am pleased to inform you that the NEW PIANO gives every satisfaction to all concerned. Its Tone and Case-appearance is highly praised. Yours respectfully, Rev. D. H. HUGHES, Corresponden fc. Machynlleth Council School I i TO AIL IS TO FAIL i TO AIL IS TO FAIL Health is the mainspring of action, Without ifryou Falter and fail and make poor success of things generally. With- out health you are at a disadvantage com' 'mercially, socially and intellectually. "mercially, socially and intellectually, Health establishes purpose, energy, concentration, and accomplishment. Be healthy. Remember that loss of energy means loss of business acumen. To ail means to fail. The surest means ° i warding off ailments and of providing against any loss of vigour is to take an occasional dose of :6eecbanr I fills They are famous the world over for their excellent effect upon the stomach, liver, and other organs of digestion. If you are I suffering in any way from digestive trouble you will be well advised to give I them a trial. They will quickly and surely give tone to the system, restore the appetite, bring back Health, Strength, and Energy, and in the battle of life will HELP YOU TO PREVAIL. Prepared only by Thomas Beecham, St. Helens, Lancashire. Sold everywhere in boxes, price l/l £ (56 pills) & 2/9 (168 pills). » x. m. IS YOUR FOUNTAIN PEN OUT OF ORDER ?—Send it at once to the Hos- pital-19, Broad Street, Newtown. wmmmmmrnaammmm CAMBRIAN BAIL WAYS ANNOUNCEMENTS. FOOTBALL & HOCKEY PARTIES. qFECIAL EXCURSION FACILITIES are offered to the above Parties (Minimum 10 Passeugers), and the Secretaries are invited to communicate with the Tramc Manager for full particulars. FOOTBALL MATCHES, NOVEMBER, 1910. ■ AT ANFIELD ROAD: LIVERPOOL v. MANCHESTER UNITED November 26th. MANCHESTER CITY v. OLDHAM ATHLETIC. November 26th. DAY EXCURSION TICKETS TO LIVERPOOL & MANCHESTER, From NEWTOWN on these Dates. MANCHESTER RACES, Thursday, Friday & Saturday, November 24th, 25th and 26th. LEAGUE MATCH-MANCHESTER CITY v. OLDHAM A., November 26th. QN EACH OF THE ABOVE DATES CHEAP DAY TICKETS Will be Issued to MANCHESTER, From NEWTOWN by 6-57 a.m. Train. BIRMINGHAM CATTLE & POULTRY SHOW, NOVEMBER 26th to DECEMBER 1st. BIRMINGHAM RACES, November 28th & 29th. O^TDAVpeTIOD TKkETS™m?ei^rmbet °n WEDNESDAY. TO BIRMINGHAM, From NEWTOWN, MONTGOMERY, &c. EVERY MONDAY, THURSDAY, AND SATURDAY DURING NOVEMBER, and Until Further Notice, DAY EXCURSION TICKETS WILL BE ISSUED TO LIVERPOOL & MANCHESTER From NEWTOWN by 6-57 a.m. Train. Third Class Return Fare, 4/9. EXCURSIONS TO LONDON. SMITHFIELD CLUB CATTLE SHOW. ROYAL AGRICULTURAL HALL, December 5 to 9. THEATRES, HIPPODROME, AND OTHER ATTRACTIONS. On Monday, December 5. for 2, 3, or 5 Days. On Wednesday, December 7, for 2, 3, or 4 Days. EXCURSION TICKETS Will be Issued TO LONDON (EUSTOIT), FROM NEWTOWN, MONTGOMERY, &c. SATURDAY TO MONDAY CHEAP TICKETS TO LOtfDOfr. EVERY SATURDAY UNTIL FURTHER NOTICE CHEAP RETURN TICKETS AT A SINGLE FARE AND A QUARTER for the Double Journey willbelsaued TO LONDON. At all Stations on Cambrian Railways. Available by any Ordinary Train Outward on Saturdayir. Return following Sunday or Monday. EVERY THURSDAY & SATURDAY DURING NOVEMBER And until Further Notice, DAY EXCURSION TICKETS Will be Issued to WOLVERHAMPTON and BIRMINGHAM, LEAVING NEWTOWN at 8-25 a.m. Third Class Fares for the Double Journey to Wolverhampton, 3/9. To Birmingham, 4/3. Full Particulars of the above Excursions can be had at the Stations CHAS. L. CONACHER Oswostry November, 1910. Traffic Manager. MONEY LENT PRIVATELY In large or small Sums (not less than .£10) NO PRELIMINARY FEES. On Borrower's Own Promissory Note. ESTABLISHED FORTY YEARS, and now lending UPWARDS OF £ 80,000 AN ALLY For Prospectus and Terms apply personally or by letter to- GEORGE PAYNE & SONS, 5, Town Walls, SHREWSBURY N.B.—The above Firm have received unsolicited letters of thanks from hundreds of borrowers. Ex- tracts (without writers' names) from more than 1,600 of such letters have been printed in pamphlets issued annually for the last ten years. Specimen copies of these may be had, post free, on application. YOUR ATTENTION, PLEASE I I LEND .£10 to £ 10,000 to responsible Persons. I LEND quickly, reasonably and confidentially. I LEND honourably and straightforwardly. I LEND to persons entitled under Wills. etc. I LEND without formalities or fancy fees. I LEND to suit your own requirements. I LEND on simple note of hand alone. I LEND the full amount required. I LEND any distance. MR. C. CUMMINGS, 28, HIGH ST. (facing New-street) BIRMINGHAM. CLARKE'S B4I PILLS lie warranted to cure. in either sex, all acquired or con- stitutional Discharges from the Urinary Organs, Gravel, and Pains in the back. Free from Mercury. Established upwards of 40 years. In boxes 4s. 6d- each, of all Chemists and Patent Medicine Vendors throughout tk« World, or sent tor sixty stamps by the makers. The LAReft Mod Midland Counties Drug Company, Uma" wmmatmmmmmmmm | 19 EC! IP8I1E I 1 & SUITE J The SuitCE7 15 0 Direct from the NETT Manufactory to U MADE OF British Plate, Bevelled edge I Ljj Uxe Publie. H Mirrors in Wardrobe and me to Dressing Chest. UE" A K Marble top Washstand with Cbe PubUft THliOUGHOUT Tile back. Carriage Paid any distance. Can be returned if not approved NO OTHER WOOD of & money will be refunded. You to pay Carriage one way OR VENEER You can pay by lOr- deposit. and 2/6 weekly I NIT for 15 months. S' LT WP,UXII'Ar-i"C,HE;ST.EF;t'. OSWES'TR')(,. WH 1,TCH U ACH'isALOP,,VVOLV ER HAM PTO N., SH REVVSBU RY, E)tt4 BiriH, -N CARNARVON N6't.0N,SACOP,. CLA N I D LO IES. V

J CONTRIBUTIONS AGINAL AND SELECTED. jir Edward Brown, F.L.S., hon. secretary of a National Poultry Organisation Society, left for a tour of observation in Germany Jer to enquire into the greatly increased consumption of eggs and poultry in that coun- try, which is now the largest importer of poultry products in the world, and is taking supplies which formerly came to the United Kingdom, thus causing a great increase of prices. The object is to bring home to British farmers and others the need for enlarging home production. NOTICE TO PURCHASERS OF GOOSEBERRY BUSHES. In consequence of the spread of American gooseberry mildew during the summer, the Board of Agriculture and Fisheries recommend all purchasers of gooseberry bushes, from what- ever source they are obtained, to examine their purchases very carefully on deliverys to cleanse the plants thoroughly from all earth, and to remove and burn the tips of the shoot before planting. If any trace of disease is found the purchaser should comunicate with the Board, and supply full information as to the source from which the consignments were obtained, in order that the matter may be investigated.

HOW THE LUNGS BECOME DISEASED. IT IS THE HAWKING AND COUGHING THAT DESTROYS THE TISSUES OF THE LUNGS, AND MAKES THEM WEAK AND SORE. What you want is something to stop the cough and soothe the throat and breathing passages. Nothing compares wIth Veno's Lightning Cough Cure, relief comes instantly and a cure follows. All over the civilised world Veno's Lightning Cough Cure has been adopted on account of its perfect safety and unfailing efficacy as the stand- ard remedy for coughs, colds, bronchial asthma, whooping cough, influenza, and chronic chest and lang troubles. Doctors prescribe it, children take it, all chemists sell it at 94d, 1/1 h and 2,9.

CANADIAN FARMERS AND TARIFF REVISION. The Toronto Globe" states that the Dominion Cabinet has arranged to receive, during the second week in December, some five or six hundred representatives of the farmers' organisations from every Province in the Dominion, who will present their views upon the Tariff question, the grain elevator policy, and other questions affectiag their im- mediate interests. It is added that these representatives are unanimously in favour of a downward revision of the customs' tariff to a revenue basis. The farmers, it is thought, will discourage the suggestion of a Tariff Commis- sion, bnt they will ask that if a Commission be appointed it be given full power to take evi- dence under oath, call witnesses, and demand the production of all necessary papers and documents for the thorough investigation of every industry that asks for protection. The farmers, it is anticipated, will declare that they ask no protection whatsoever for their own industry.

SMALL HOLDINGS. Lord Carrington, on Tuesday, received a deputation on the subject of the administration of the Small Holdings Act. In reply, he said that he quite appreciated the fact that it was scant comfort to a man who had waited two or three years for a few acres of land to hear that in other parts of the country 92,000 acres had been obtained for small holdings. The success of the Act as a whole must not blind one to the fact that in some districts the apathy and delay of some councils had caused great disap- pointment. It rested with them to see that no local influence was neglected that could stimulate the councils in carrying out the duties that had been entrusted to them by Parliament. In conclusion, he gave a pledge on behalf of the Government that every approved applicant for land would be satisfied with the least possible delay. At a meeting of the Dorset County Council at Dorchester, a letter was read from the Board of Agriculture stating that they had had under consideration the administration of the. Small Holdings and Allotments Act in Dorset. The Board were convinced that more land might have been acquired to satisfy many of the applications if the council had shown more readiness to exercise their compulsory powers in the case of owners and tenants who were not disposed to assist them to carry out their statutory duties, and unless the council were prepared to take prompt action with a view to expediting, considerably, the acquisi- tion of land the Board must consider whether they should not at once take steps to station an inspector or special commissioner in the county. The Board trusted, however, that such actions would now be taken by the council as would render this course unnecessary.

A FARMER'S LIABILITY. In the House of Lords, on Wednesday, before the Lord Chancellor, the Earl of Halsbury, and Lords Atkinson and Shaw, the case of Lowery v. Walker was mentioned, This was an appeal by the plaintiff, and raised the interesting question whether an alleged tres-

BUSINESS MEN'S SLEEP. The man who can sleep well every night is the man who gets on in business. Hard as may have been the day's trials, depressed as may have been the mind when the day's anxieties have been en- dured, if the business man can get a sound sleep he rises refreshed and ready for a new battle with the world. But the man who can truthfully say, "I'm asleep the instant my head touches the pillow is very rare indeed in these days of keen competition, overwork, and worry. To resort to sleeping draughts" is but to postpone the day of reckoning. Besides, artificial aids tend to leave the body sluggish and the mind dulled in the morning. Hall's Wine brings about sound, natural, re- freshing sleep. First, it soothes the nerves, re- freshes them and "straightens them out," as it were. Second, it stimulates the circulation, and causes the blood to circulate through the brain cells, clear, refreshed, soothing, dream-banishing. One or two wineglassfulls of Hall's Wine taken with a biscuit at bed time will bring sweet, sound sleep and a clear, refreshed brain in the morning. Try it for yourself! Your wine merchant or licensed chemist or grocer has the new size, extra large, 3/6 bottle of Hall's Wine,

are concerned, the Board of Agriculture report states that only five out of 18 institutions had in 1907-8 regular lectures in poultry keeping. At three colleges members of the teaching staff dealing with other subjects included poultry at nine poultry breeding and man- agement was included in the agricultural syllabus, but usually treated very superficially, and at eight provision was made for practical instruction and demonstration. More space has been devoted to a poultry plant at the Macdonald College in Canada than at all the British Colleges combined, and at Cornell University the teaching staff is more numerous than at all the Colleges in Great Britain. At the last named institution a grant of £18,000 has just been obtained from the State of New York for equipment of a new poultry plant, which will have 55 acres alloted to it. Con- sidering the importance of increasing produc- tion on the farms of the country, it is reason- able to expect that this subject should be given a prominent place in the training of our agriculturists. If such is not the case they go forth with the feeling that poultry is regarded by educational authorities as of small value. It is scarcely credible, but such is the case, that for every -2100 spent by the people of Great Britain in the purchase of eggs and poultry the munificent sum of sixpence was expended in teaching how to produce more, or in experiments with a view to the adoption of better methods.

operative Society is to register under the Industrial and Provident Societies' Act, and so to frame the rules that the amount of the nominal capital is not fixed; that shares can be allotted at any time to any farmer applying for them that the interest payable upon the capital is limited to a small percentage, usually five per cent., thus preventing the concern from becoming a mere investment for capital- ists and that the bulk of the profits is divided amongst the members as a bonus upon the amount of their sales through, and purchases from, the Society. A limited liability company in which farmers take shares may be a form of combination, but it is not co-operation, and as a farmers' com- bination is likely to be short-lived. If the shareholders hold shares in approximate pro- portion to the amount of their dealings with the company, the interest on their shares is roughly equivalent to a bonus on their tran- sactions but if this is a condition which could hardly exist even at first, and if it did exist would very probably soon cease. Some of the members might leave the district and cease to have dealings with the company, when they would become mere shareholders drawing profits from the business done through the company by the other farmers. Moreover, if the profits were at all large, the shares in the company would rise in value, and some share- holders would dispose of their shares to per- sons other than farmers, who would then draw profits which should go into the farmers' pockets. Again, if, after the company were formed, a farmer wished to obtain shares, he might have to purchase them at a premium and pay so highly that the dividend would merely represent interest at ordinary investment rates on which he had paid. In a very few years such a company would become an ordinary trading concern, the objects of which would be not to benefit the farmers, but to make the biggest possible profit for the shareholders, and would then be no better than any other middleman. I might enumerate many other advantages which co-operative societies, such as I have described, enjoy over the limited liability com- panies, but my purpose is to show what is true co-operation as applied to agriculture. It is all the more necessary that this should be clearly understood, since it is becoming gener- ally admitted that co-operation is the form of combination which is likely to do most for the regeneration of agriculture.—Yours truly, signed on behalf of the Executive Committee, J. NUGENT HARRIS, Secretary, The Agricultural Organisation Society. Nov. 14th, 1910.

passer was entitled to maintain an action for injuries caused to him by an animal known to its owner to be ferocious, but not kept by him for the purpose of doing injury to people. The plaintiff, a labourer, was walking through one of the fields owned by the defendant, a farmer at Birch Hill, Cumberland. He was taking a short cut habitually used by the public going to the railway station, when he was attacked and severely bitten by a horse belonging to the defendant, who knew it to be vicious. In the Whitehaven and Milsom County Court the plaintiff was awarded X100, but on appeal by the defendant to the King's Bench Division this award was set aside, the Court holding that the plaintiff was a trespasser, and there- fore could not maintain the action. From that decision the plaintiff appealed to the Court of Appeal. There Lord Justices Vaughan Wil- liams and Kennedy held that, there being no evidence on which an invitation to the public to use the field as a near cut could be inferred, the defendant was not liable. Lord Justice Buckley dissented from that view. In his opinion, when a man habitually allowed people to cross his field, although they might be tres- passers, the owner of the field must take reasonable care to protect those people. By a majority, therefore, the decision of the Divi- sional Court in favour of the defendant was affirmed. The plaintiff then appealed this House, and obtained leave to sue in forma pauperis." The Lord Chancellor moved that the appeal should be allowed. The County Court judge, he held, had not decided whether there was a right of way or not, and had found there was no express leave, but the effect of the finding was that the plaintiff was in the field by the tacit permission of the defendant, that this way across the field had been used habitually as a near cut, and that the defendant knew the horse to be dangerous. The defendant ought not without notice of the danger to the public allowed a vicious horse to be in the field. The other Lords gave judgment to a like effect, and accordingly the appeal was allowed.