North Wales Gazette

ON CWHVV DBA OR, GOOD ALE. In the laws of Ilowd Dda, two liquors are mentioned Bragawd, of which tribute was paid by the free iowiisiKp (Yiila libera) and Cwrrtf, which was to be paid by the servile townsiiips, (Villa serviiibiis); it the former hid no Brajraft?d, they were to wpplv a double quantity of Cwrwf; the relative value 13 ihus distinctly marked. According to Mr. Owen, liragawdi or Brag-get, is a very different liquor from alu, being inade of the wort of ale, and iBead fermented together; Cwrw is certainly clear subslar.lia! ale, worthy of honorable and grateful mention from ali who have drank it; a far belter liquor than brag-get can be; but this depends upon taste, and bragget is the cosi iier beverage. I am inclined to think that cwrw would not haveheen thus disrespectfully regarded iu the Welsh laws, had it been the same hquor then which it is now. Perhaps it was not fined: that art was probably brought in by the Saxons. If the hop was first intro- duced into. England only in Henry VIII. time, it could not have been used before; but pro- bably some other bitter herb was substituted.

ANGIESEA BEEF. [From Holingsheau's Chronicle, vol. T. p. 64,] Anglesea beef was more famous formerly than Welsh mutton is at present. The flesh (says Harrison) of such cattle as is bred there, whereof we have store yearly brought unto Cole fair, in Essex, is most delicate by reason of their excellent pasture, and so much was it esteemed by the Romans in time past, that Columella did not only commend and prefer them before those of Liguria. but the Empe- rors themselves, being near hand also, caused 'heir provisions to be made for rarity out of Anglesea, to feed upon at their own tables, as the most excellent beef. 1I!J

COURT OF KING'S BENCH. SMALL POX. THE KING V. GILBERT BURNETT. The Attorney General moved the judgment df the Court against the Defendant, who was indicted for having caused two children, whom he had inoculated with the above disease, to be publicly conveyed and exposed through the streets, and upon which indictment he allowed judgment to go by default. Oa the Defendant appearing, Mr. Owen moved an arrest of judgment, but his motion was over-ruled, and the Court proceeded to judgment. After hearing the Attorney Gene- 0 y ral for the Crown, and the Counsel for the Defendant, the judgment was, that he should, be imprisoned six months in the prison of the King's Bench. The defendant was immediate- ly taken to prison. w

Monthly Agricultural Report for May. The growing crops of Wheat have experi- enced considerable changes in the course of the mouth in the early part they recovered their bad colour, and went on promisingly till the last two or three nights of white frost, which have given those again on the heavy lands rather an unfavourable appearance; the general prospect, however, is decidedly good. The late rains came timely for the latter sown spring corn, both Oats aud Barley, giving a geueral plant of clover and other seeds.— Beans and Pease were never freer from collier and vermin, and promise abundantly. Bye is very forward, and indicates au early har- vest. The general plants of potatoes are good Itye Grass, Clovers, and Tares, are heavy on the grotlld in most districts; and the grass lands are bottomed for Hay crops, ex- ceeding any thing known for many years past. The crops of Rape and Mustard arc expected to be large. Carraway is not likely to prove equally productive, having in many parts lost plant in the Spring. The Cyder counties of Hereford, Gloucester, and Worcester, have failed entirely of fruit, although their bloom was never finer. The Meat markets, which had a start in the beginning, have declined in price towards the close of the month, except in the West, where the victualling demand for the Navy has been favourable. Lean Stock, of most kinds, has fallen very considerably.- Horses, fit for cavalry, or artillery uses, have advanced much iu price. The Wool markets are brisker, particularly for long fleeces.

To the Editor of the North (Vales Gazette. OBSERVATIONS ON THE GREAT PY- RAMID IN EGYPT. As mentioned by E D. Clarke, LL. D. Vol 3. 4to J During the various incursions made by th e Atheistical bauditti, the French armies, they took unwearied pains to explore the jiume rous temples, and vestiges of Egyptian mag- nificence, which had remained from the most remote periodof ancient history now in ruins. It may be remarked, that Deuou, who pub- lished an account of what be observed in Egypt, seems to avoid giving any reference to the writings of Moses, or the Prophets; but it may be supposed that he was unacquainted with, or disregarded them totally. It has devolved to an Englishman of distin guished literature and a industry to favour the public with ample details and illustrations, from his own ocular observance, thereby casting a light upon many parts of holy writ. We then went to visit the re- nowned pillar of ON, or obelisk of Heliopolis. (the only great work uow remaining in all the land (if GosheTl, standing on the spot where the Hebrews had their first settletticiii")- He shall break also the images of Beth. shemesh, (i. e. the house or city of the sun) that is in the land of Egypt." Jerem. xliii. 13.— All the surrounding plain was at this time inundated, but the water wa$very shallow and the author was enabled to delineate deli- berately the hieroglyphics which are rudely sculptured upon this superb monument, of j which he has given an engraving. Its height is between 60 and 70 feet; its breadth at the base, six feet; the whole being one entire mass of reddish granite; each of its four sides ex liibits the same characters, and ill the same order. With the description of this obelisk the author is compelled to terminate his very limited observations concerning Heliopolis"; for slIch is the solitary remnant of a city and university where Herodotus was instructed in the wisdom of the Egyptians and where eighteen hundred years ago, the schools of Plato and Eudoxus were shewn to Roman travellers ;-other monuments may exist,.con- cealed by the soil, yet this obelisk is sufficient to identify the locality of the city. Heliopolis was a deserted city in the time of Strabo, who mentions two obelisks that were carried to Florae from the ruins of Heliopolis. Pliny mentions four obelisks, corresponding witli the measure of the one which remains.. Upon the 23d Aug. we set out for the Pyramids, frotnDjiza, as we drew near the base of the largest pyramid, the effect of its prodigious magnitude alFected every one of us, with an impression of awe and fear. With what amazement did we survey the vast surface that was presented to us; when we arrived at this stupendous monument, which seemed to reach the clouds. On the topmost tier of stones, we found a platform 32 feet square consisting of nine large stones, each about a tou weight, though inferior in size to some used in the construction of this pyramid. Nallies of tra vellers of all ages and nations are here inscribed. The French attempted to open the smallest of the three pyramids, but were stopped by the landing of our army in I' Egypt. Having collected our party of fellow travellers, we lighted our tapers, aud all de. seer,ded rato its dark raoulli. The impression made upon every one of us. in viewing the entrance, was this: that no set of men what- ever could thus have opened a passage, by uncovering precisely the part of the pyramid where the entrance was concealed. unless they had been previously acquainted with its situ- ation for these reasons; first, because its position is almost in the centre of one of its planes, instead of being at the base. Secondly, that not a trace appears of those dilapidations which must have been the result of any re- search for a passage to the interior; such as distinguish the labours of the French upon the smaller pyramid, which they attempted to opeu. The persons who undertook the work actually opened the pyramid at the only point, over all its vast surface, where, from the ap- pearance of the stones inclined to each other above the mouth of the passage, any admis- sion to the interior seems to be originally in- tended. This entrance was evidently known to Strato he describes not only the exact po- sition of the mouth of the pyramid, but even I "he nature of the passage leading to the Seres in such a manner, that it is impossible to ob- I tain in fewer words, a more accurate descrip- tion. it seems also true, that this opening had been made before the time of Herodotus, who speaks only of subterraneous chambers but it were impossible to know any thing of their existence, unless the pyramid had first been entered. Hence it is evident, that a passage had been open from the earliest times in which any account of this pyramid was given and perhaps it never wasso completely dosed. but that with a little difficulty all access might be effected." So far, we follow the i account given by our ingenuous traveller, j Dr. Clarke. Permit me, Sir, to refer to the writings of Moses, which seem to favour a conjecture, that the largest pyramid was erected to hold the body of the Patriarch Jo. seph and that this pyramid was opened, and his body taken out of it, at the Exodus of the children of Israel from out of Egypt. In the book ef Genesis, chap. 50. verses 2, 4, 5, 6,— And Joseph said to his brethren, I die and God will surely visit you, and bring you out of this land, unto the land which he sware to Abra- ham, to fsuao, and to Jacob. And Joseph took an oath of the children of Israel, saying, God if will surely visit you, and ye shall carry up my bones from hence. So Joseph died, being an hundred and ten years old; and they embalmed him, and he was put in a CO-giii in EgJlpl. Moses says that he was put in a coffin in Egypt." Now it is well ascertained, that the Egyptians had a necropolis contiguous to every city where they deposited ALL their deceased friends, each family by themselves, as appears from the numerous bodies which have been discovered at different times, and Moses says, the body of Joseph was put in a coffin, Joseph was considered as a Prince in Egypt, and was next in power to Pharoah he married the Prince of On, or Heliopolis; and his me. mory was revered in Egypt until there arose a king about seventy years after the interment I of Joseph, which knew not Joseph, in whose reigu the children of Israel left Egypt. After a lapse of 144 years, in the 13th chapter of Exodus, verse lg.t Moses took the body of Joseph with him, and proceeded on their jour ncy to Canaan." In the cave that is in the field of Machpelah, Joseph buried his father, and he had directed that his own bones should be carried out of Egypti which was accord inglv done, and he was buried in Canaan.- Our traveller proceeds to view the pyramids of Saccara. These all appear to be older than those of Djiza, appearing to be decomposed by longer exposure lo the action of theatmos phere; the bricks contain shells, gravel and chopped straw, as those in modern use in Egypt. We descended into the catacombs, containing bones, and fragments of broken mummies, they appear evidently to have been placed, when entire, upon a shelf, or tier of j stone, about breast high, formed iu the natu- ral rock of these there were many tiers the smell was almost intolerable here. From these and the pyramids at Djiza, it is evident that the bodies were placed horizontal, not upright. The same also in the Crypto;, at Thebes. The ancient cities in Egypt arc a destroyed, and desolate of inhabitants, agree able to the denunciation of the prophet Eze- kiel, chap. xsx. and the twro following chapters. Mona, 1815. CLERICUS.

At Norwich Corn Market on Saturday plenty of samples of Wheat and Barley were exhibit- ed, but from the promising appearance of the growing crops, the demand was small, either for the above or any other kind of grain, even at a reduction in price. On the Castle Hill, there was a moderate supply both for fat nnd lean beasts, the prices of which remain much as usual, although the buyers seemed very un- willing to comply with the terms demanded. A remarkable fine three-shear weather sheep bred by Mr. Large, farmer, of Bioadwell, in Gloucestershire, was slaughtered by Mr. Ken. drick, butcher, of Warwick, on Saturday se'n- night, which for weight and shape, is cousi- dered greatly to exceed any ever killed in I Warwickshire. Be weighed, I when he was alive, 385lbs. The carcase when dead 276i5>s, (including the head, which weighed 6ibs.) be- iug 67glbs, per quarter. The Duke of IFellingion's Piate The ser- vice of plate belonging to the Duke of Wel- lington, and lately sent from Dover to the Custom-house, London, as the previous trans- missal to his Grace's house in town, wasvalned at 15,000/. The one presented to the illustri- ous Duke by the Prince Regent of Portugal, (and the ornaments of which are entirely iiii. litary), is of the value of 200,000/. and is su- perb in the highest degree. In similar and splendid instances of national and individual gratitude towards the renowned General, there is happily many to record: several Noblemen have subscribed for magnificent silver shield to be presented to him on his next return to this country. It is to be ornamented with the Duke's portrait, and with those of his most distinguished Generals. Summer Assizes.—The Judges have chosen their Summer Circuits as follow Home-Lord Ellenborough and Mr. J. Le Blanc. Aarfolk--Lor(I Chief Justice Gibbs and Lord Chief Baron Thomson. Midland— Mr. J. Heath and Mr. Baron Graham. Western—Mr. J. Chambre and Mr. ,1. Dampier. Northern-Mr. J. Bayley and Mr. B. Richards. Oxford.-Mr. Barca Wood and Mr. Justice DaN las, In the Court of Bench, on Thursday, Major Warner obtained a verdict, with 10001. damages, against Captain Jones, (both of the 26th regiment) for crina. cou. with the Major's wife. A New York paper states, that Drs. Dorsey and Hartshorne, in presence of several medical practitioners and 100 students, recently cut a wen from the back of Julia Richard, a poor biack woman, a patient from Carehole, Pen- sylvania, aged 45 years; the dimensions and weight of which were as follow: two feet 11 inches at the neck; three feet Ii inch at the lower end horizontally; and three feet nine inches at vertical, as suspended at the back.— It had been eighteen years growing, and weighed 251bs, Convicts.-—¥ torn papers laid on the table of the House of Commons, relating to Convict Hoiks in the river Thames and Medway, and in Portsmouth and Langston harbours, it ap- pears, that the number of convicts on board of the different hulks, on the 1st of May, was 2,038. Of these, 112 were under 19 years of age. The expence of the establishment of the Convict Hulks, for two years, ending Dec. 31, 1814, was 144,542. 5s. lid.: and the profits arising from the labour of the convicts (esti- mating it at the price fixed 30 years ago, Is. 6d. per day for an artificer, and Is. per day for a labourer), amounted, in the two last years, 1813 and 1814, to £ 38,992. Antiquities.—On Monday, the 8th inst. as a man was lowering a causeway, by the side of a stable, in the occupation of the Rev. Mr. Smith, ofCotgrave, near Nottingham, he dis- covered, a few inches below the surface a black pot. in which were deposited 126 pieces of silver coin, viz. half-crowns, shillings, and sixpences, of Elizabeth, of James I. and Charles 1. and also one Spanish dollar, of the date of 1037. These coins are said to be, with a very few exceptions, in good preserva- tion, and it is a reasonable supposition, that they were buried during the troubles in the reign of the unfortunate Charles the First. A Recent and Extraordinary Anecdote.- Near the turnpike-gate on the Kent road, for many years stood a lame beggar. A Gentle. man had noticed the mendicant for some time, and was much pleased with his mild demeanour and address. He had long been iu the habit of giving him a penny every morning at nine o'ciock, when on his way to London; lie tiow, we are told, holds an official situation in the Bank. This apparently distressed object be came lately very infirm, and no longer took his usual stand. The Philanthropist visited him at his obscure dwelling; he sent medi- cines and nourishment but, notwithstanding this kind attention, he died, first making a will, and bequeathing all he possessed to his protector. Conceive the astonishment of the Gentleman when he found that the object of his bounty had transferred to him the sum of fifteen hundred pounds I Natural 0 me time since,a large fish of the porpoise kind, (Delphi-nous Plw" ccena) came ashore, with a heavy swell of the sea, in Ballyhome bay, auout hatf a mile east of Bangor. It haviog been cast within the side of a bank of sand, it could not effect its escape, and as soon as it was discovered, a number of men attacked it with various wea- pons, and after a severe ccmfiict, they suc- ceeded in killing it. The dimensions of this fish are as follovis:-Lenp-,tl), from the point of the nose to the extremity of the tail, 11 feel-girt h at the, shoulders, nine feet three inches—breadth of tail fins five feet, they are placed horizontal to the body. It is black on the back and very white on the belly-has a large biow-hole on the top of the head, above and nearly between the eyes, which are very small, not larger than the size of a sliillllll.- It has twenty-three teeth in the upper jaw, and the same in the lower, and they cheek into each other like the teeth of a rat trap Consecration of a DeviVs Home.—The fol- lowing is an affecting exhibition of that com- bination of craft and credulity which upholds the superstition of the Pagan World ;-Thc Susoos erect (says Mr. Wenzel) houses to the Devil, or to the spirits of their deceased rela- tives, in order to iiiqtiire of them, in critical circumstances, of their families or country.— The ceremony, all I understand, is thus :-At- ter ilie house is built, the Headman, and peo- ple assemble. A bullock, in general, is killed; or, in want of a bullock, some fowls. The Headman, who alone, it is believed, can speak with the Demon, and understands his will, ex- plains that wii! to the people. He then takes a Kohlah (a bitter African fruit, like an Eu- ropean chesnut,) and breaks it asunder in the joint, and throws it on the ground before the Demon and, accordingly, as the two pieces fall, either the joints or the round part up- ward, he says, 6i Thou art a good Devil." After this, he casts the liver of the animal before the spirit, that he may eat it. The Headman then chews a Kolah; and when chewed small, he spits it before the Demon. Sometimes a man is given to the Devil as a sacrifice, who is buried alive under the struc- ture. Here the Headaian tells the people whether they shall be successful or not. The Headman, and ail the people, then feast to. gether on the ground, tearing the meat either with their teeth or hands, aud dipping their hands into cold water, before they eat rice with them. After they have eaten they settle their affairs; shouting and dancing through the whole night, and some days after, till they are tired, and then they go home. Ox Lal)oui-Oii this most interesting sub- ject of rural economy, the following are the j sentiments of a practical farmer of 600 acres of land, in Dengy Hundred, Essex, as lately published in the Agricultural Magazine: — "During the winter months, working oxen will keep themselves in excellent condition on the common turnip, with the ailowance of a bushel of bean meal each per week,mixed with chaff. Thus fed, they require neither hay in the stable uor in the shed, good straw being sufficient, and will be in condition for work, equal to the best fed horses. I think it may be fairly presumed, that four bullocks may be well kept, at less expence than two horses.— In respect of their work two bullocks will always be sufficient in a plough where two horses are sufficient, and if they do not perform quite so much, the men's time is not lost, for, requiring less attendance than the horses, the men are ready for other employ sooner in the afternoon. I reckon it requires four horses to every 100 acres of arable land to farm well, even where we want only two horses to the plough, Nuw there arc few holders who have not 200 acres, and consequently keep eiglsl horses, I submit whether a great saving might not take place by the introduction of four bullocks, instead of four of the horses HOW kept; and am ready to prove, that the same quantify of work may be done, and as well done, upon the farm, as by the eight horses. Every farmer, from his own knowledge, can calculate the saving. Fed in the way I have staled, which is better treatment than oxen usually experience, it cannot be so little as 501. per annum, which to many is, and ought to be, especially in the present times, great consideration. In the general way, the cart- ing and the lightest work might be selected for the ox teams—they would then work every day of the week, with as much ease as the horse. To compare rhe ox with ihe horse, as beasts of labour the one is yearlv working out of value, till at lengl h it becomes of no value at all. If those who entered upon farms about three years ago, will contrast the differ. ence of their then out-lay for horses, and the depreciated value of them at this period, with the out lay which would have been required for ox teams, and their probable value now, I think it will furnish sufficient matter for re- fsection, and a consideration far beyond any other, in favour of at least the proportion of ox labour I have here rec,) iii men tied."

COPPER ORE Sold at CAMBOrtNK, on Thursday, June i. Mines. Tons Purchasers. A t pel" Tan. Dolcoath 193 Patten & Co. and Vi- vian and Sons X4 3 6 ditto 116 Birmingham Co. 7 6 S ditto 107 Rose Co. 7 8 0 ditto 94 Birmingham Co. 6 14 6 ditto 92 Brass Wire Co. 8 18 0 ditto 91 Patten & Co. and Vi- vian and Sons 4 3 6 ditto 89 Crown Co. 9 1 6 Wheal Gons 29 Patten & Co, and Vi- vian and Sons 5 5 6 W. Abraham 123 Mines Royal 8 16 6 ditto 120 Daniell and Co. 4 6 0 ditto 107 Williams & Grenfell 5 19 0 ditto 90 Birmingham Co. 6 10 6 ditto 80 Daniell and Co. 3 3 6 Crenver 74 Alines Royal, English and Union Cos. I) 0 0 ditto 58 Williams & Grenfell 3 10 OatQeld 66 Daniell and Co. 5 2 Q Wheat Fanny 71 Crown Co S 13 6 ditto 64 ditto 7 6-0 Wheal Bassett 71 Patten & Co. and Vi. vian and Sons 8 17 O ditto 63 ditto 11,11 0 Godolphm I I t Cornish Co. 7 14 0 Ck's Kitchen 91 Williams & Grenfell 5 I 6 Tin Croft 80 Rose Co. 7 8 0 Wh. Sparnon 78 ditto 7 7 0 Trenoweth 67 Daniell and Co. 3 18 o IV li. Orphan 45 Williams & Grenfell 4 14 0 Wh Music 34 Mines Royal 8 11 O Trcgajoran 26 Patten & Co. and Vi- vian aud Sons 10 6 0 Total 2335 tons-average standard 117!.

I A CHART OF CARNARVON BAR AND HARBOUR. Directions for Ships and Vessels sailing into Car- narvon Harbour, over the Bar. In order to facilitate the navigation of this Har- bour, two Buoys are placed on the Bar, the outer one is painted black, and the inner red; a iVj t; is also erected on the Bank, called the Muscle Bank. LLANDIIWYN Point lies about2 miles distance from the black Buoy, (which is moored in thcclI- trance of the Bar, in about 15 feet water, at lovsr water, average spring tides) in a N. by E. direc- tion. DINAS DINLLE lies from three, or from that to three and a half miles distance from the black Buoy, in a S. E. direction. The black Buoy lies about one mile distance from the red Buoy, in t S. W. by S. direction. The red Buoy lies about two, or from that to two and a quarter miies distance from the Perch, in a W. by N. direction. The Perch lies near one mile distance from Abermenai, in a west direc- tion, where ships andvesselsmay anchor in safety. Masters of vessels, drawing 12 feet water and upwards, should not (in a gale of wind) approach this Bal- until four hours flood. All vessels coming in, should leave the Perch on the larboard hand. High water at full and change, at a quarter af- ter nine o'clock—average spring tides rise and fall on the Bar from 16 to 18 feet—neap ditto from 6 to 8 feet. Expert Pilots may always be had on making the proper signal. This Harbour has been lately considerably en- larged and improved, a great number of large ves- sels are built here annually-it is a most conve- nient place for repairing of old vessels—there is an extensive trade carried on in the exportation of slates (of the best quality) and other articles, to most parts of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, and consists of conveniew quays and wharfs, for the reception and safety of ships and vessels loading and unloading, or lying within the limits of this port. The Trustees of this Harbour have expended from four to five hundred pounds in blasting some of the rocks at the Swillies, to low water mark, which has rendered a most free passage tor ships and vessels of large burthen, coming from the eastward to this Harbour, or sailiug through the Straits og MeDai. (kt The north and sout h bantii of this Bar are subject to shift—when they do shift, or the Buoys part from their moorings, proper care will be taken to moor Buoys in the deep, as at present, and the true bearings, distances, &c. of them, ia- serted in this paper. -r BANGOR: Printed and Published by J. Broster, Orders, for this paper, are received in London, by Newtou & Co. (late Tayler & Newton), 5, Warwick-square,Newgate-street ii d J Wbift, 33, Fleet-street. n