The Glamorgan Gazette

GREAT WinSTERN RAILWAY.—WEEK HAYS. I DOWN 111 \JSxv- axp JSxp A..JC. A.M. A.M. A. A.X. A.M. A.X. F. 11} &. X. A.K.ip.K. P.M. P.M. P.M. P.M. P.M. I PADDINOTOH ..dep 12 0 5 40} 9 0 11 0 « [6 10 6 10; 9 15 SWINDOX. 3 45 7 55 1047 .„ .M 7 39 GLOUCESTER.. „ 5 35| 9 30| [l 50 8 58! 1228 BEI8TOL ,» 5 55 19 121 11115 1255 NB-WPOBT. „ 6 48 7 5 9 619 55 1111I1211 f L3 3(H S 56* 1018 2 2 CABDIFF 7 16 7 38 9 3311020 1140! 1238 1 Oj2 50,3 55 5 3 6 3 6 45 9 23 9 30 1042;2 30 LLANTBISSANT „ 8 7.. 1104=0112 9 1 32; 3 18 5 33! 6 33 7 9 -9 59 11 1L LLANBARAN. „ 8 17 12181 13913 27 5 4316 4017 18 10 8 PBNCOBD „ 8 23 1224 1 45,3 33 |5 4916 46 7 24 >1014 f BRIDGEND.. „ 7 52 8 31 10 4 1058 1231 1 9|l 02(3 40 4 27 & 5716 53 7 31 9 52 1022 1120:3 S Pros „ 8 47 1114 1 22I2 7;3 53 4 4216 11! 7 44 POETHOAWL depI 8 35 1134 .„ I 40!2 2414 4 4 59 [6 251 8 0 POET TALBOT dep!8 13 9 0 1024 1128 1 33 2 18! 4 53 6 23 17 57 1140 3 27 NBATH „ |8 30.9 16 1035 1150 1 58 2 351 ;5 12 6 40 8 15(1020 1152 3 42 LANDOBB „ 1,8 60:9 40 12101 i2 22 3 Oi — 15 3417 3 8 33 1038 12 8 4 4 q | arr '9 0; 9 50 1055 1220| 2 3513 7 5 45 7 10 8 40! 1045 1215 4 10 SWANSEA.. {dep 8 40j9 30 11551 2 5, j5 20 3 45 LLANELLY. „ 19 15; 1018 12421 2 58J 6 7 4 29 GABKAETHEN arr '9 45i 11 1 1 30. 3 3M 16 521 5 20 NAW MILPOBDarr. 1125 |3 20| j j8 50 6 I WEEKDAYS. -1 Exp Sxp 5 Ma el IA.M. A.M. A.M. A.M. A.M. A.M.! A.M. P.M. P.M. P.M. P.M. P.M. F.M P.M. P.M. P.M. P.M. NwMiUDdep! 18 20; „ 1 0 !4 40 6 30 CSCARTHEN 8 20110 5j 1 10 2 45 4 33 ,6 40 7 45 T.T.ATTKT.T.V )F 9 12 1035 1 HI 3 30 5 20 '7 28J8 36 n ar 10 0 1122 ,2 40 4 2016 ft 8 2019 15 BWAN8KA|DPG 15 G G0 8 30 9 40I 1055 1140 1 50 2 4013 30 3 55 5 45 [7 5518 55 LANDOBB „ 6 20 6 55 8 35 9 49 11 7! 1144 |1 58,2 17 3 35 4 1<K5 56 S 7,9 7 NBATH. „ ;6 35 7 12 !8 51 1013 1122 1158 |2 14 3 3 3 50 4 27 6 11 18 23 9 24 PT TALBOT,, 17 47 7 28 9 2 1028 1135] 1212 |2 3* 3 1414 2 4 44 6 27 |8 43 9 37 PBTHOWL 8 35J 1028 121C 11 49 4 30 6 27 ]7 10 PTLB .„ dep.j 7 41 8 43 10411 1224 \2 43 4 42 4 55 6 40 18 56 BRIDQEND,, 7 9 7 53 8 54 9 22 1055 1155 1237 1 45 2 57 3 35 4 22 4 52 5 7 6 52 7 10; 9 10 9 57 PBNCOBD._ 8 5 9 4 11 9J 3 7 5 2 5 19 7 18'9 22 LLANHABAN, 8 121 1117! 3 14 5 26 7 26/ T LLNTBISANT,,I 8 22 9 14! .„ 1128| 11255 2 1 3 22 5 13!5 34 7 11 7 34!9 331 CABDIPF „I7 46 9 0; 9 40,10 0 1223| 1248 1 25 2 25 4 0 4 15 5 0 5 35 6 8 7 55 8 0;10 0 1039 NEWPOBT. „ 8 6 9 26 11020 1 22 1 10 1 45 2 44 4 22 4 34 5 23 6 30 8 22 1022 11 2 BBISTOL ,,|9 10 GLOUOESTEB,, .« 2 45 5 45 8 5 9 50 1225 SWINDON. .« 3 57 6 48 6 40 PADiNOTNarr.11125 1 0 4 30 5 40 4 20 8 30 8 30 8 30 1145 3 30 X—Calls at Llanharan on Saturdays only at 9.27 p.m. SUNDAYS. D0WN' A.X. A.M. A.K. A.M.L.M.I! A.M. P H. S PADDINGTON dep 9 15 12 0 11145 NEW MiLFOBD.dep 1030 6 3OJ SWINDON S 40 1 55 CARMARTHEN .„ 1158 8 3| GLOUCESTER 1226 ;3 25 LLANELLY 1241 8 36. BBISTOL 1255 8 45 Cf arr 1 30 9 15J NEWPOBT 2 2 9 30 10 0 5 23 dep 8 0 1 51 8 55 CABDIFP 2 30 9 52 1038 5 59 LANDOBE 8 4! 1 22! '9 7 LLANTBISSANT 1011 11 7 6 28 NEATH „ 8 18 1 46 9 24 LLANHABAN „ ••• ••• POBT TALBOT 8 32 2 2 9 37 PENCOED „ 1121 6 42 POBTHCAWL „ 7 50 BRIDGEND „ 3 3 1029 1128 6 50 PYLH »> 8 45 ••• 2 16 7 59 PYLE „ 1045 1142 '7 5 BRIDGEND „ 8 56 2 30 8 10 9 57 POBTHCAWL 1057 PENcoim 9 6 2 438 20 POBT TALBOT 3 27 1154 7 20 LLANHABAN „ „ NBATH „ 3 42 12 8 7 38 LLANTBISSANT. „ 9 18 2 56 8 31 LANDOBB „ 4 4 1223 |8 5 CABDIFF „ 9 45 3 36 9 3 1039 Sw.„,R. /arr 4 10 1230 8 15 NEWPOBT 4 39 30 11 2 BWANSBA | dep 3 45 j7 50 BBISTOL LLANELLY 4 29. 18 38 GLOUOESTEB | 1 CARMARTHEN. rr 5 20 9 16 SWINDON 1 NEW MILFOBD. 6 4 1045 PADDINGTON arr r. I LLYNVI AND OGMORE BRANCH. BRIDGEND. dep Tondu Llangonoyd Troedyrhiew Gartm Maesteg j Nantyffyllon 1 Caerau Cymmer for Glyncrg Abergwynfi arr Brynmenyn .dep Llangeinor Pontyrhyl Pontycymmer Blaengarw Blackmill Hendreforgan Gilfach arr Ogmore Vale .dep Nantymoel. arr a.m. 6J25 6J30 6:35 6J38 6J47 {Mondays only and 3rd Class a.m. a.m. a.m. a.m. p.mip.m p.m p.m p.m p.m. D.m ,D.m 8 48 8 58 11 1511 23 1*20 2 1C 2 19H 45 4 53 7 43!7 51 8 59 9 9 11 2611 34 1 30 2 22 2 30* 4 57 5 4 7 54 8 2 9 7 11 34 1 38 2 30 5 5 8 2 9 121 11 39 1 43 2 35 5 10 8 7 9 20' 11 45 1 46 2 41 5 16 8 13 9 25 11 50 2 46 5 21 8 18 9 31 11 55 '2 51 5 26 8 23 9 36 11 58 2 54 b 29 8 Pfi 9 42 12 6 9 18 11 43 9 25 11 5C 9 30 11 55 9 36 11 59 9 41 12 4 9 23 11 47 9 34 11 58 9 38 12 2 9 31 11 54 9 39 12 2 I Saturdays only 5 Z 5 37 8 34 2 39 5 13! 8 11 2 46 b 20 8 18 2 51 5 25 8 23 2 55 5 29 8 27 3 d 5 24 8 32 2 42 2*43 5 17 8 18 2*51 5 25 8 29 2*58 5 32 8 36 2 50 5 24 1 8 22 2 58 (5 32[ [ 8 30 p.m. lOt25 10 35 1048 t;1 "3 0 0Q 'O <D cP a 1 cP <0 P-mj p.i 10*23 1C 36 10 44 10 45 10 5i II C 11 ■11 £ 11 16 >10*56 £ 11 3 g ll 8 £ ,1112 a til 17 10 54 [5 CS M IV A 11 4 ill 12 a.m. a.m. a.m. a.m. p.m. Nantymoel dep 7 45 10 4. Ogmore Vale 7 53 10 11 Gilfach dep 7 40 9 58. Hendrefor&anM. 7 48 1C 5 Blackmill dep 8 1 10 13 Blaengarw 7 39 9 57 Pontycymmer dep1 7 44 10 2 Pontyrhyl 7 49 10 7 Llangeinor 7 53 Ie 11. Brynmenyn .dep 8 8 10 26 Abergwynfi 7 0 10 0 Cymmer for Glyncrg 7 8 10 7 Caerau 7 13 10 12 Nantyffyllon 7 18 10 17 Maesteg 7 23. 10 22 Troedyrhiew Garth 7 28 10 27 Llangonoyd 7 32 10 31 Tondu dep 7 41 8 11 10 29 10 27 1 # 0 BRIDGEND arr 7 47 8 20( 10 38 10 461 # 6 Saturdays only. P*™ P,m P-?1. P-m P-m p.m :p.m rp.m. p.m. 1255 3 34 6 0 •j'O 8*47' 1 3 3 41 6 7 £ 8 54 1250 3*28 5 54' [ o 1257 3*35 6 1 £ 1 11 .13 49 6 19; [ H 9# 2 1249 3 27 5 53 f g, 8*41 1254 3 32 5 58 | <s 8 47 1259 3 37 6 1 [S 8 52 1 3 3 41 6 7 I 03 8 56 1 18 3 56 6 22 (g 44 9 8 12,49 3 30' 5 ^5*8 « 8*44 1256 3 37 6 §a Ik 8*51 1 1, 3 42 6 7ta 1 8*56 f 1 6 3 47 6 12 9 J 9 1 1 11 3 52 6 17i 9 6 1 16 3 57: 6 22t an 1 20 4 1 6 26 9 15 1 21 1 26 3 59 4 T 6 2S 6 32 9*H 9 2i 1 30 1 35 4 8 4 16 6 34 6 41— 9 19 9 30 Saturdays only. £ 3 | 19:11:30 9*37 9 42 9 47 |9 50

PORTHCAWL BRANCH. Tondu dep 7 45 9 5} 1 42t 5 0 Sun.t Kenfig Hill 7 57 9 17 J 1 5^ 5 12 Pyle 8 5 9 25 11 25 1 30 2 15 2 50 3 55 4 50 5 206 16 7 51 lo'4H Porthcawl 8 15 9 35 11 34 1 40 2 24 2 59^4 44 595 306 258 0 10 5fl Porthcawl depr 8 20 8 35 9 55 10 28)12 10^ 1 49\ 4 15i4 30i5 50»6 27 7 10 r 7 50 Pyle 8 29 8 43 10 610 3712 19 1 58 4 254 41 6 06 367 20 7 59 Kenfig Hill 8 38 10 15 4 34 7 29 [ Tondu arr 8 48 10 25 4 44 .fc 7 42 F

Mr. Thomas Crccnn,.I, of Pendlcbury, has been appointed President of the Lancashire Miners' Federation in succession to Mr. Sam Woods, who is still suffering from severe illness. Having successfully toured France, the Besses- o'-th'-Barn Band are making arrangements to visit the United States. It is possible they will continue their journey across the Pacific to Australasia.

TO MOTBERS.-Mm. Winslow's Soothing Syrup has been used over fifty years by rail- lions of mothers for their children while teething, with perfect success. It will relieve the poor sufferer immediately. It is pleasant to taste; it produces natural quiet sleep, by relieving the child from pain, and the little chorub awakes "as bright aa a button." Of all Chemiste, It. lid. per bottJ

I MAESTEG AND CYMMER.—SATURDAYS. p.m. p.m. p.m. p.m. p.m. p.m. p.m. p.m. p.m, p.m. p.m. Maesteg dep. 3 0 4 10 5 0 6 25 8 0 9 0 10 5 1055 11 5 Nantyffyllon It 3 5 4 15 5 5 6 30 8 5 9 5 10 10 II 0 11 10 Caerau 3 10 4 20 5 LO 6 53 8 10 9 10 10 15 11 5 11 15 Cymmer arr. 3 13 4 23 5 13 6 38 8 13 9 15 10 20 11 8 11 18 f' Cymmer ..dep. 3 28 4 35 5 53 645 830 8 51 9 37 10 42 Caerau 3 33 4 40 5 58 650 c35 8 56 9 42 10 47 Nantyffyllon 3 38 4 45 6 3 6 55 8 40 9 1 9 47 10 52 Maesteg arr. 3 41 4 48 6 6 7 5 8 43 9 4 9 50 10 55 VALE OF GLAMORGAN RAILWAY. I SUWDAYB. FBOM A.M. A.M. A.M. P.M. P.M. P.M. P.M. P.M. A.M. P.M. P.M. Barry dep 7 0 9 53 11 37 S'ts 2 30 3 40 5 40 8 16 11 0 3 5 6 37 Rhoose „ 7 7 10 0 11 44 o'ly 2 37 3 47 5 47 8 23 11 7 3 12 6 44 Aberthaw 7 11 1C 4 11 48 1 45 2 41 3 51 5 51 8 27 11 11 3 16 6 48 Gileston 7 15 10 8 11 52 1 52 2 45 3 55 5 55 8 31 11 15 3 20 6 52 Llantwit Major 7 22 10 15 11 59 1 56 2 52 42 6 28 38 11 22 3 27 6 59 Southerndown Roid 7 32 10 25 12 9 2 0 3 2 412 6 12 8 48 11 32 3 37 79 Bridgend .arr. 7 39 10 32 12 16 2 7 3 9 4 18 6 19 8 57 11 39 3 44 7 16 — FROM A.M. A.M. A.M. P.M. P.M. P.M. P.M. M. P.M. r) A.M. P.M p M Bridgend dep. 7 50 8 30 11 8 1 25 S'ts 3 42 5 23 7 13 12 55 4 33 7 43 Southerndown Road 7 58 8 39 11 16 1 33 o'ly 3 50 5 31 7 21 1 3 4 41 7 51 Llantwit Major M 8 8 8 50 11 26 1 43 2 41 4 0 5 4i' 7 31 1 13 4 51 8 1 Gileston 8 14 8 57 11 32 1 49 2 47 4 6 5 47 7 37 1 19 4 57 8 7 Aberthaw 8 18 9 1 11 36 1 53 2 51 4 10 5 51 7 41 1 23 5 1 8 11 Rhoose >. 8 23 9 6 11 41 1 58 2 56 4 15 5 56 7 46 1 28 5 6 8 16 Barry 8 29 9 13 11 47 2 4 3 2 4 21 6 2 7 52 1 34 5 12 8 22 MOTOR CARS leaves BARRY for Llantwit Major at 9.5 a.m. 10.50; 12.40; 3.5; 4.54; and on Wednesdays and Saturdays only at 11.30 a.m. vg 1. LLANTWIT MAJOR for Barry at 9-45 a.m. 12.0; 1.24; 4.15; and 6.25. I. RHONDDA AND SWANSEA BAY RAILWAY. I 23 £ )ffi'o) ? 2$o 5o<9 <92SH SSW,9 5^9 t>uo 53 Q^O» 3 8 3 § S § 5: 3. 3 § d Iff » 3 b s"? "a 2 5f g CT- a O 2$8 3 M«SS§_ S- |o B E p 8 2 f B 5.3 £ fi 3 5 iS^3- p 3-ShIs-! i«g?a 8?<gl I|Sh3§* 5-3 as ■ ¥ fill = Ifl? II314JK i ?!?? :\fi I 2h': lB\ S «: 1-a ii f HI Is. S 3 fi: ?: 1 S: it:: f • • • •• 2 • • • 2 • • -?_r • • •• < A t • I « •••• i • • • • • • s • • • a • •• q. • o • • I • • i i i • • • • • • P • • • J • • •••• 3 • 0 Q3« • • •••• 1 • no <3! • •••• 2 • • M c*" • • i • •••• • • • • 2 • • O) • • • J • • • 3 • • t £ ? 8» • « • 2 ?! • • I • • • t w • •• oq» • f a, • •••• I I i I • t J w • J • • • ;••• oa w g'l • • *111 fi"* 9 S'fs'8!' §;;i i» «> «o to oo co oo J oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oooooooo Cp o> <» I ro o> ca Oi I I V hh » i o>»i^i^63»h »-•«-• 5 £ co to to b,: I I • ill I I I B | to to >— Ci CO CO ^IN)UO • tO 5- | W 00 h- S j j I_t-I t-> I !_• I t_ 1-1 O 00 OO K-OOOPOOQOOOOO-4 00-a -J -4 -4 S> OO. ° I oo | coco«oo ? W«»HH Ql o. B C<0 CO • H i tO I M M CJ* CO CO fcO fcO 5 CO O H' CC fcO 00 Q0CJ1 Oi CO CO O • | -4 CD I OS oo oo O) Oi CD to M O »-• j j I j O O H (O I <P<O<O<OOO<0<O <o <o I <o <o <0 <o ? 1 M H H H M I H H H h« M O | I ] M »— fcO H-J—fcOfcOtOtOtOltOtOtOkO ™ MH i CRACOW WKIWH i w • h- p I M OSOlOil ^HCOOOM OiOOWO • tO tO ► i i— c* rffc. CO to • to P I I I too *o o to •*« td en | w oo oo cn • j j r H'HH I MHHHHHHH I H H I h-* «. • I tOkO^kd tdMK)kdHHHH HH HMHM r co co co oo co to co co co w co to to I to to to ko *p m cn co to I to c* cn a* co i 4»- os co to B I tS ^HOOWl to to I *>| to CO C*9 CO to I feGt-* to to I I^cototd P I I to CO H CO j <0 0 to o CO -0| to oo j CO 00 00 Ov • —————— — j j CO CO CO co Mkototototototo to t* I to to to l-1 "? I t? I—1 to I »— B • • !•••••«« tOtPOti Hfflt9O>^Hin00 <73 l-( OtHHvl • I' i "— o> o> Oi cn «ncaoicno<cno«9t|cn>^ 0>0S C&OSOlC&CMOiC* CM0«0«0« **3 o* «*(* B | ■ 0lt9<0<0 M0l05b5(00500( I COO b9 Ol <0 Ol ■ MOSW i w i >-H eimu i wuioh B i I • to | O) CO H-<5> <0 OO | • r 1 I- j | — -a I Moooicioioa J o» OS osaaa f 00 001 W00M>>]'MM«l *8 to to t—4 I Oll^UUUtOtS < M t—> h- B | I otK>bS MH»01I^H010 »IM C0t->0>N) CO CO to > I to I— I— OlOtl»>CO ■ HtSHH B co o< | to co | co >-• ks co en i i^cooocm • I >-• )-. u. |_t->H'CO<0 CO CO CO CO CO CO CO oooo ooo *p • 1:1 :*i::ii • co to to i— o>»" i^m to co to to R >—■00000 to to O H CO CO a* tf*- *-J CO o t—» I—• •—« I—• »—• »—• l—• ►—i w M to CO ) CD CO CO CO CD COCO <0 00 00 OOP »—•»—•»—• • i »—>-<ooooo oooo- Kn oo | • 'M op co to to i-1 I >-> oiotcni^w cotSMMg a Oi4»- ^-wtototo- t— I. »i Oi enp g to CO I— C^ I O 00 COM M Ol M to-lco Q|. » 00 » MCO I «l*JtOMO tOOO -» *Q » O.' g 00 o5 00 00 OOMMMMMM &> 0>0>0i0>| 0>0S0J0»0>_ OJ Ol Ol O* C7T 0>-p ^Sj to!—1 I i cni^i^tFtcoio cot-* b cno^col o: m m h I c« It cn 3 *■ to CO <-■ CO OOOCO'-«tOOlCO » M to » r OSWa»«l OilOOtOO tPQC <o *• o

SCIENCE NOTES AND GLEANINGS. AN AGREEABLE ANAESTHETIC. To make the taking of anmsthetics agreeable. Dr. J. T. Gwathmey administers a one-per-cent. vapour of cologne or whisky for two or three minutes, gradually changing to vapour of chloro- form, or of chloroform and ether. On the beginnins of anaesthesia he substitutes water at 100 degrees F. for the cologne in his third bottle, and passage over this gives his anaesthetic- vapour blood temperature. The warming lessens risk, while it further reduces the after-effects. THE EPICUREAN FLEA. Most fleas are epicures in their blood-suckir^j habits where mosquitoes are gluttons. They do not settle and gorge themselves, as do the mos- quitoes, but pass mpidly from place to place and bite often. A single flea has been observed to bite so as to leave a dozen or more inflamed spots in as many minutes, and yet its abdomen shews no extraordinary dilation. The flea pos spots in as many minutes, and yet its abdomen shews no extraordinary dilation. The flea pos 3esses a remarkable puncturing apparatus, por- tions haying the appearance of a double-edge;! saw, with an intricately developed serration. SELENIUM IN TIME-RECORDING. An ingenious application of the peculiar pro- perty of selenium of varying its electric resist- ance with chance of illumination has been made by Mr. Curvoisier, of Heidelberg, in the electric transmission of pendulum beats to a distance, for recording time and comparing clocks. Heretofore the beats have been electrically transmitted through contact made by the pendulum itself. This' method introduced irregularities of conse- quence, where hundredths of a second are taken into account, as in astronomical observations. Curvoisier causes the swinging pendulum, just as it touches its lowest point, to reflect a beam of light upon a selenium cell, which transmits the message without physical contact with the pendulum. SPONTANEOUS IGNITION OF PILES. j A remarkable case of spontaneous ignition that occurred in erecting the walls of the new (Rotterdam quay is related by a Berlin scientific magazine. Morrison rams had been in use there for some time, which by 180 to 200 strokes per minute of the falling ram caused a steady ad- vance of the piles. The foundation was such bhat the pillars had to be driven through the quicksand down to the solid ground. On with- irawing some piles, the points of the latter were found, owing to the enormous friction, to have been charred entirely and heated to such a point as to begin burning spontaneously on joming in contact with the air; nor could iron shoes prevent this spontaneous ignition. It ma,y be said that when leaving the piles in the ground this ignition would not result in any damage, the charring remaining confined to the surface, and the heat being rapidly carried iway in the moist surroundings. WHAT IS A SMELL? Is the sense of smell excited by gases or by particles is a question which Dr. John Aitken has been studying. The answer, so far, says Science Siftings,, is in favour of the gaseous theory. The first substance under investigation was musk, of which it is possible to detect by smell, according to Berihelot, 0*000,000,000,000, 000,01 gramme. In his experiments Dr. Aitken relied upon "the cloudy condensation test," in which, if odours are duo to particlcs, these parti- cles become nuclei of cloudy condensation in supersaturated air and thus make their presence visible. Careful tests, according to the Lancet report, shewed that the musk does not give off solid particles, but evaporates as a gas or vapour, and that it is gaseous particles from the musk that act on the sense of smell. Of twenty-three other odorous substances not one gave its per- fume in solid particles, nothing but gases or vapours escaping from them. WALL. PAINTS AS BACTERICIDES. The bactericidal effect of wall-paints has been studied lately by Dr. Beaufils, says the Revue Genirale des Sciences, according to the following ipethod: A layer of paint having been spread out on wooden boards or glass plates, a culture of microbes was placed on this layer after being dried, and the plate thus prepared was kept in the laboratory protected against dust. At regu- lar intervals some microbe colonies were removed and spread out on an appropriate medium or used in inoculating animals. An unpainted check-plate served to ascertain the action exerted by the paint on the vitality and virulence of the microbes, this action being shewn generally to be distinctly bactericidal, while varying accord- ing to the nature of the painting. The colours of enamelled porcelain are, for instance, found to be much more active than oil colours, especially in regard to the bacillus of tuberculosis. The fact that these paints exert a constraining action on the latter bacillus would seem to be the most important practical result of these researches. FOCUSSING WIRELESS MESSAGES. In order to prevent wireless messages from in- terfering with one another, endeavours have been made to send electrical waves only in one direction, as luminous signals are given off from >■ 0. 00.0 mirror Professor Braun has been en- gaged in experiments of this kind, and in a lec- ture before the Strasburg University Association of Electricians and Naturalists he announced that these experiments had come to successful conclusion. Professor Braun's "methods are based on the fact that three antennae arranged in the angles of a regular triangle are excited by waves of the same periodicity, but of dif- ferent phases. The inventor states that one of the three antennae begins vibrating by 1-250,000 of a second earlier or later than the two others, this difference in time being kept up, according to experiments, with an accuracy of about one se- cond in three years. This will result in different radiations according to the difference of the space, and by simply inverting a crank the direc- tion of maximum effects can be shifted by sixty or 120 degrees. ANOTHER RADIUM BEARING MINERAL. Among the minerals which contain a consider- able proportion of radium we may mention, says the Scientific American, a natural phosphate of uranium known as autunite. named from the town of Autun, in France, near which it has been found. This mineral has been known for a long time past, and owing to the uranium it con- tains has been used for some purposes. The beds of this mineral, which are found at Saint Symphorien de Marmagne, in the Seine-et-Loire district, were worked by M. do. Fontenay, the director of the great Baccarat glass factories, owing to the special colour which some of the crystals were found to give to the glass. The discovery of radium drew attention again to this mineral, and a new search was made to find the beds of it which had been lost. The search has been successful owing to the work of M. Marlot, and at a depth, of six feet below ground, in a special kind of marl, they found plates of aatunite which reached over an inch in thick- ness. This mineral was found to contain a large amount of radium salts, and it acted strongly upon the photographic plate, shewing that it is quite powerful in its actions. We thus have another radium-bearing mineral to add to the list. IMPERFECTIONS OF PUDDLED IRON. Defining the broad distinctive character of wrought or bar iron and cast homogeneous iron or steel in his autobiography, the late Sir Henry Bessemet remarks that a merchant bar produced by a T number of puddle bars being welded and rolled into one appears to the eye, and is supposed, to have all its separate parts united so as to force an indivisible mass. But he points out that this is not so. "I have never seen," he says, a bar of wrought iron pro- duced by puddling that, in two or three minutes, by a very simple treatment, I could not separate more or less perfectly into its com- y i I ponent bars, which are in reality never thoroughly united, although they adhere more or less soundly." Referring to the far-famed Lowmoor and other Yorkshire irons, Bessemer remarks that it may be supposed that these are exempt from this defect, the simple fact, on the contrary, being that" best-best" iron has been piled more times than common iron, and the re- sult of working it at a temperature that will not continue the welding process only divides it into more numerous filaments than a bar of common iron. He recounts how the head of a great Yorkshire firm, famed among bar-iron makers, who called at his works, scouted the idea of disintegration of f any bar-iron made by his firm by simply working it at a temperature below welding heat, but on one of his bars being hammered he was utterly astonished at it dividing for about a foot of its length into a mass of fibres" forming a veritable birch- broom." Sir Henry Bessemer also mentions that a bar of Bessemer mild steel, similar to the two bars of lin. square iron referred to above, were heated at the same temperature under the same hammer; but it simply became ex- tended into a flat undivided surface, without a crack or rift in the material. He comments that these examples of forging below a welding heat serve to shew the imperfection inevitable to all puddled or welded iron while the steel example also shews the continuity of parts re- sulting from the Bessemer steel or homogeneous iron being formed into an ingot while the metal is in a fluid state, hence producing an un- divided and indivisible mass, however much it may be hammered, hot or cold.

OUR LONDON LETTER. (FROM OUR OWN CORRESPONDENT.) Would Mr. Balfour win, or would Tariff Reform ?-that was the question with which the week opened. The conference be- tween the Unionist leaders, which revealed Mr. Balfour as firm for Retaliation and declining an advance to Mr. Chamberlain's position, seemed to be the most significant circumstance in a curious chain of events' and developments. The party organisation has been defective, and the party leader- ship, besides, has come under discussion. This was inevitable after a party defeat. Was it the parting of the ways? everybody was asking. Would Mr. Chamberlain, as threatened, form a separate Tariff Reform party like the Nationalists, with its own organisation and Whips; and would he, with such a party, make an appeal for a working agreement with the Nationalists Had Mr. Balfour a following of more than a third of his party in the House? What was the good of plunging on Tariff Reform when, for the immediate future at any rate, it was necessary for the party to concen* trate on the Government's labour and edu. cation proposals ? These were a few of the questions which passed. Next week Parliament meets. There will be a week of swearing in-that process taking place in the Lopds as well as in the Commons, for there are no fewer than twenty new peers to be received. The Houses of Parliament were closed to the ipublic on Saturday (when they are usually fopen) in order that the work of preparing for the King's visit might not be interfered with. They will be similarly closed next r Saturday, His Majesty is not in the build- ing for long, but a good deal of preparation is necessary. The ceremonial opening is y r!1 on Monday week. What will the Govern- ment do with its great majority ? is a ques- tion to which many answers are being found. It will pass an Education Act, of which the draft was said some days ago to have been completed. Licensing, too, say the weatherwise, must receive attention; and then there are Labour's claims, of which the Labour party are hardly likely to let anyone grow forgetful. n 11 There is the position of trade unions to, improve before the law, and another mea- sure of workmen's compensation is talked of. Next week, too, the Prime Minister and the Chancellor of the Exchequer will re< ceive a deputation on Old Age Pensions; and Mr. Asquith will be asked to make further grants in other highly desirable directions. A fund of £2,000,000 would be useful to produce £ 100,000 interest with which to experiment in co-operative small holdings; and with Japan pressing for Army reform on one 'hand, and South Africa for representative government and the management of her own affairs on the other, the Government is likely to be toler- ably busy from the first moment that it. gets to work. The Government, with so many things OIl hand, may yet go out of its way to pro- mote technical education. As a German said to me the other day, the misfortune of England is its mass of unskilled labour. The Board of Education have issued the final report of the Departmental Commit- tee which considered the development of technological instruction in its highest grades. The committee, of which Mr. Haldane is chairman, state that Germany and other Continental countries are much ahead of us. They state that the present combination of conditions at South Ken- sington points to the desirability of utilis- ing the resources there available, and of making additions to these. The idea is to form on that site an institution of the highest standing. The Government has pro- mised to bring the Royal College of Science and the Royal School of Mines into a scheme, and to make a grant of j520,000 annually. It is suggested that the scheme should in the first instance include the work of the Royal College of Science, the Royal School of Mines, Central Technical College, and departments to be established on the additional site at South Kensington. Everybody has sympathised with Sir [Edward Grey in the loas he has sustained by the death of his wife. Lady Grey was thrown from her carriage while driving from Falloden Hall to Smeafield, and in an l unconscious condition was conveyed to the schoolhouse near, suffering from concus- Bion of the brain and fracture of the base of the skull. The widespread sympathy, which is felt for the Foreign Secretary is all the more profound because his help- mate has been taken from him with such tragic suddenness at the moment when he was entering upon the most important work oi his life. The King wired a message of condolence. Lady Grey was married -in 1885, two months before her husband de- feated Earl Percy, now Duke of North- umberland, and became M.P. for Berwick, the seat which he has held ever since. She was Miss Dorothy Widdrington, of North- umberland. An early Witherington or Wetharryngton is one of the heroes of the famous old ballad of Chevy Chase. Lady Grey and her husband, of simple tastes, were not greatly attracted by the engage- ments of society. Her Ladyship threw her- self earnestly into her husband's political fights, and he consulted her on all ques- tions affecting his political career. o Lord Masham's death recalled again the circumstance of the perfecting of the wool- combing machine. Lord Masham, who passed away as one of England's merchant princes, was at that time Samuel Cunliffe Lister, and almost his last shilling, James Burnlay wrote in his History of Wool and Wool-Combing," had gone in experi- ments. A machine of this kind had been invented by George Edmond Donisthorpe. This Mr. Lister and the inventor set them- selves to perfect. They won at last, and out of this eventually came Lord Masham's peerage. A Frenchman named Heilmann, who- died in 1848, had also devised a combing- machine, whose principle was suggested to him while watching his daughters comb their hair. That machine, however, was- hardly practical; and Lord Masham won the success that others had missed. Once the goal was reached, and the revolution in the textile industry became a fact, the return was a splendid one. The handcombers dis- appeared. Mr. Lister, too, subjected silk waste to so many delicate operations that he was able to manufacture from it velvet fabrics of the utmost beauty. he was able to manufacture from it velvet fabrics of the utmost beauty. Emigration for the relief of unemploy- ment will find material help in the gift of Lady Strathcona of 910,500 to the Queen's Fund. One thousand guineas is to be ap- plied for the immediate relief of deserving persons. The balance is to be utilised either as a gift or loan, in enabling suit- able persons among the unemployed to be- come well-to-do and contented citizens of Canada, owning their own farms. Lady Strathcona is the wife of the High Com- missioner of Canada, whose Governor-Gene- ral, it will be recalled, promised Mr. Rider Haggard 360 square miles (240,000 acres), with promise of more if it should be needed, for emigration purposes. In the coming days, it is likely that Mr. Rider Haggard's scheme will be heard of again. The Local Government Board has lately been dis- couraging mere labour colonies. Emigra- tion and colonisation, as Mr. Booth Tucker- was saying when I met him the other day, is the ultimate and only solution of the difficulty.