Papurau Newydd Cymru
Chwiliwch 15 miliwn o erthyglau papurau newydd Cymru
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Cuddio Rhestr Erthyglau
16 erthygl ar y dudalen hon
THE LLANBWST CHANCERY ACTION.
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THE LLANBWST CHANCERY ACTION. ISGOED JONES v. THE URBAN COUNCIL. INJUNCTION GRANTED AGAINST THE COUKC'.L. rrs OPERATION SUSPENDED FOR EIGHTEEN MONTHS. (From Our Loudon Correspondent). In the Chancery Division, on Tuesday, Mr Justice P««?ker delivered his reserved judgment in this ction, by which the plaintiff, as owner of property known as Plasyndre, on the banks of the Conway, claimcd relief against the defendant Council, in resp-cct of an alleged nuisance caused by theJr turnillg eewage into that river. The case was argued by Mr Romer, K.C., i and Mr Hewitt, for the plaintiff; and Mr Macmorr-aia, K.C., and Mr Toniildn, for tho defendants. In delivering judgment, his Lordshap said that the plaintiff in the action was the owner of property known as Plasyndre, situated at Lianrwst, in t.ho County of Denbigh, and it was bounded on t.he west by the Kiver Con- way, which, at that point, flowed from south to north. The land immediately abutting on the river was low-lying fie'ds, which we e eubjeot to floods. At the present time, a.nd for some time past, these fields were in the possession of a. yearly tenant. In the bed of the rivevr for a distance of some 200 yards adjacent to the plaintiff's property was a bonk or thoa-1 of sandstone or gravel, which was uncovered at the time of low water. There was apparently some doubt as to the ownership of the bed of the river, which in- cluded this shoal. The presumption was that the bed of the river up to the middle belonged to the adjoining owner. It was said that the River Conway was a tidal river at this point, and the Earl of Ancaster claimed to be tho owner of the bod right across. He found that the river, where it flowed past the plaintiff's property was influenced by exceptional tidc6, but was not affected by ordinary tides. In that respect it was, therefore, not tidal in the ordinary sense of the word. Further, he d:d not think that the evidence in support of the Earl of Anctu-ter'« claim to the whole of the bed of the river was sufficient to rebut the usual presumption that an adjoining owner was entitled to rights in respect of half the bed. It was true that persons hold- ing licences from the earl fished on both aides of the river, and the earl or his agents have licensed people to fish on both sides. The ownership of several fishery was, however, not conclusive evidence of the ownership of the bed of the stream. The plaintiff had himself licensed people to fish, aud he or his tenant had watered cattle in the river. The ques- tion of the ownership of tho bed of the river, however, he did not think was really im- portant £ or the determination of the action. RIGHTS OF RIPARIAN OWNERS. LLanrwst was a town of between 3000 and 8000 inhabitants. It had a gocd w.atesr sup- ply, and the sewage from these 2000 or 3000 people was taken in its crude state and turned into the river, where it abutted upon the plaintiff's property. The plaintiff complain- ed that the sewage interfered with his rights as a riparian owner, and that the defendants have stated that they were going to continue to infringe those rights. The. matter from the sewers was deposited on the river bed, including the shoal he had mentioned, in such quantities as to cause a nuisance. Further, the plaintiff corn planned that such deposit was ft trespass upon his land. He (the Learned was of opinion that a riparian owner, "Vihether he was the owner of part of the river bed or not was entitled to the flow of the stream past his land in its natural state of purity, undisturbed by noxious matter, and anyone who fouled the water infringed his rights, and therefore he was entitled for damage. With regard to the &ccond com- plaint, he (the learned Judge) was of opinion that anyone who turned noxious matter, or allowed noxious matter to escape into a river in such a manner as to interrupt the natural flow of the river was guilty of trespass. There wis ;n tho present case a most curious conflict of evidence as to whether this river was fouled by sewage or net The plaintiff's wit- nesses for the most part described what they had seen and experienced. The defendants' witnes- ses deposed to what they had themselves seen on different occasions. He had no reason to think that the plaint.ff s witnesses were not telling the truth, and he found it impossible to negative the poa tive evidence given by the plaintiff's witnesses by the negative evidence given by the witnesses for the defence. lie thought that the difference in the evidence could be explained by the con- dition of the Conway at the time of the different vents, the Conway rising and falling with great rapidity. Taking the evidence as a whole, he found that the draining of this sewerage into the river did materially diminish the purity of the river. In his opinion the effect of this discharge of sewage was to render the water of the river extensively lass fit to water cattle and for other p.posoo for which a riparian owner was entitled to use it. Sewage matter was deposited in the bed of the river in close proximity to the plain- tiff's land and partly on the shoal. It was also to a less extent de-posited on the plaintiff's banks, tuither, he found from the evidence that such sewage matter was sufficient to constitute a nu.sar.ee It would not, in his opinion, serve any useful purpose by analysing the evidence of the witnesses in detail, but he had carefully consi- dered the shorthand notes, and he felt that he was justified in finding on the 'facts that if the defendants were private individuals and the plain- tif was in actual possession of the field, there cculd not be any defcnce to the action. But it was said that the plaintiff could not maintain the action because the field was not in his possession and because the defendants were the local sani- tary author:ty having statutory obligations, and they only took a qualified interest in the sewers in question. With regard to the first of these points, it was said that tho plaintiff could not bring sn acton for infringement of his natural rights without alleging and proving injury to tho reversion. If the thing complained of was of such a permanent nature that the reversion could be improved the plaintiff could no doubt bring his action. The question therefore was whether or not it was of a permanent nature. He took "per- manent nature" to mean such as would be con- tinued indefinitely unless something was done to remove it. A building was a thing of a per- manent nature, though no doubt it might be re- moved. The exercise of alleged rights would, in his opinion, not be in their nature permanent in themselves unless it was the intention of those exercising them to go on doing so indefinitely. In opinion, what was contemplated hero was of a permanent nature. The defendants said, "We will continue to have this sewage turned into the Conway unless and until we choose to tako it elsewhere." Further he was satisfied that the plaintiff's reversion was in fact injured and de- preciated in value by what was being done at the present time. THE DEFENDANTS' LIABILITY. The second point was one of greater difficulty. The defendants say that they are in the statutcrv pos.ton described by the authorities and are not liable at all He was, of course, bound by the decision of :he Court of Appeal, but it was by no means easy to arrive at the principle upon which the leading cuse in the Court of Appeal was decided The defendants say that they are not bound m respect of any common jaw nuis- ance or any damage they may do, as they were doing what they were doing on the alleged autho- rity of an Act of Parliament. He thought that the principle of the case cited by the plaintiff would apply to the owners of sewers whether they themselves had made the sewers or not. If the owners of sewage allowed sewage to escape in neglect of their duty it would g-ve any person injured a good cause of action. On the autho- rity mentioned it was not a bona fide action by a private owner to remedy a private wrong. There might m that case have been a good cause ot acton if the wrong being done was being done to property belonging to a private person. defendants, though they might not be as a statutory body with only a united property in the sewers and having statutory duties to per- ioral in respect of the sewers, would be liable for any negtect of duty. There no doubt the Attor- ney General's fiat would be necesarv. He not think, however, that the authorities were in oonflict with the present case. The plaintiff here had a bona fide complaint of a private wrong and was not under the cloak of such a wrong endeavour.ng to attempt to compel the defendants to carry out a statutory duty. The to the passing of the Public Health Act of 18/5 were vested in the Guardians as the sanitary authority for the district, and they continued to be such sanitary authority until 1382. By Section 12 of tho Act of 1382 any pro- perty vested in them under the Public Health Act of 1875 remained vested in them, and there was nothing to show any transfer of the sewers In the year 1873 or 1374 the Guardians com- menced to lay down a system of sewers, and for that purpose came to an arrangement the precise int. of which was unimportant. It was clear, hat over the plaintiff's property they be called sewer No. I. The out- point considerably lower down tho e outfall as it at present existed. sewage from the. district was Wer No. 1. In 1882 the "then tiff's property entered into an defendants' predecessors by was constructed across the No doubt it was the inten- seWQr with sewer No. 1 at < i a point considerably above the outfall, but sewer No. 2 was never connected with sewer No. 1, but was taken straight into the river. There was no evidence that this was done under any further agreement with any person interested in the plaintiff's property. In 1891 No. 1 sev.cr, so far as it was situated on the plaintiff's pro- perty, was being continued to the new outfall, and such sewage as heretofore passed through ;t passed to the S.r W. corner of the plaintiff's land and straight on to the river bed. That sewer for some yards traversed the bed of the river along the plaintiff's land beside the river. All the sewage found its way into the river through the new outfall, and the outfall of sewer No..2, and still does so. Up to this point the Guardians as the sanitary authority would be respons b!e, and as such would be responsible in the same way as any private person for the escape of their sewage, rp to the point there was no room for the application of the case cited by the defendants. The Guardians ceased to be the sanitary authority under the Local Government Act of 1894. These were succeoded by the Rural District Council under Section 25 of the Act. They had transferred to them all the rights and powers of the Guardians as the sanitary authority, and all the property of the Guardians was held by them under their powers. Their dutes were defended by Section 25, and in his opinlon these duties included the duty of the Guardians to dispose of the sewage so as not to interfere with private rights. Though there might be a common law duty and not a statu- tory duty, he was of opinion that the Rural Dis- trict Council constituted under the Act of 1899 were liable for breach of these duties to the same extent as the Guardians were liable had they remained the sanitary authority. By an Act of 1899 duly confirmed by the Local Government Board, the Rural District Council was dividted into two parts, and the part in which the sewers were situated became an Urban District, and the Urban District Council became the owners of the sewers as successors of the Rural District Council. Those orders contained provisions whereby the properties and liabilities, so far as the same related to the Urban District Council, parsed and became vested in the defendants. In his opinion, tho liabilities that were transferred included such as the Rural District Council had in respect of the sewage system in question. It followed that they could not do more as the Urban District Council than could have the Rural District Council or the Guardians of Llanrwst. Further the Council had not confined them- selves with regard to tliis sewage as they might NEW DIGNITARIES AT ST. ASAPH CATHEDRAL. j Wynne Jones, Archdeacon Fletcher, Canon D. Davies (Wrexham), and Canon Thomas Jones (Abergele), who were .instzilcd at St. Asaph Cathedral on November 30th. have done, to leaving things as they found them. They had themselves laid new sewers and they had relaid and enlarged the sewers that were constructed by the Guardians. That took the case quite outside tho limit of the cases cited. It appeared! to him that if the statutory rights in question formed a defence to an action for injunction for nuisance no injunction could ever be granted against a sanitary authority. But there had been numerous cases in which such in- junctions had been granted, and further he was unable to see on principle why, where the right of a third party was interfered with and there was a remedy by way of injunction, the right to relief should be any the less because it was the Attorney General that was seeking for it. The rights, however, were not analogous. One was a prescriptive right. The right of the in- habitants was the right to carry sewage into tho river by a sewer belonging to the local authority, "I I but their rights had not been required against the riparian owner. If A grants authority to B to do certain things he did not see why A should escape liability for letting sewage out on his own land generally because B bad acquired a right from him. He came to the conclusion that the existence of the statutory right formed no de- fence to the claim for an injunction. Lastly, the defendants had endeavoured to say that the agreement of 1882 under which the Guar- dians obtained leave to lay the sewers, the fact' that the plaintiff had received rent under it, further the fact that it was shown that the sewers were laid partly under the plaintiff's knowledge and the delay in instituting the pro- ceedings was a bar to the claim. He (the judge) could not construe the aereement of 1882 as a licence to turn crude sewage into the river to the injury of the Plasyndre estate. The Guar- dians had under the Act of 1885 statutory autho- rity to lay sewer No. 2 to the Plasyndre land, and were of course bound to pay compensation to the owner of the estate. He looked upon the agreement of 1882 merely as a settlement of that compensation, and not as a grant to the Guar- dians of any right they did not possess. With regard to delay in bringing the action, except so far as the defendants could rely upon prescription, he did not think the Statute of Limitations had anything to do with it. He did not think that with regard to a continuing nuis- ance or trespass the Statute of Limitations had any application except as to the amount of da- mages that could be recovered. SUGGESTED TERMS OF- INJUNCTION. The plaintiff did not ask for damages if an in- junction was granted, and he thought an injunc- ton was the proper remedy under the circum- stances. It would, however, have to be sus- pended for some time in order to give the defen- dants an opportunity of getting rid of their sewage in some other manner, and the precise terms of the injunction would be a matter for diacuss.on. The form of the order he suggested was an injunction restraining the defendants causing or permitting the sewage of the town nf Llanrwst to flow or pass into the River Conway by means of the existing outfalls Nos. 1 and 2, or any other outfall, unless and until the same had been purified and excrementitious matter had been removed, and from discharging sewage con- taining solid and excrementitious matter so as to collect in the river bed or on the plaintiff's land in such a manner as to be a nuisance to the plaintiff or his tenants on the Plasyndre estate. Having regard to the terms he thought it would be proper to suspend the operation of that injunc- tion for 18 months. Mr Romer said that so far as he was concerned, the injunction mentioned would serve the pur- pose. Mr Macmorran said that lIe should have to consider it before the order was finally drawn up His Lordship said that the matter could be mentioned to him at any time before the order was drawn up if the defendants did not approve of the terms, Mr Romer: And with regard to the costs? Mr Justice Parker: The costs will follow the event. Mr Macmorran pointed out that tho plaintiff had had leave to amend, and he had amended his claim during the course of the hearing. It was necessary that something should be done with regard to the costs of that amendment. His Lordship said that he would make the oosts of the amendment costs, in the action. Messrs Chamberlain, Johnson and Johnson, Llandudno and Llanrwst, were the solicitors for the plaintiff, and Messrs Porter, Amphlett and Co., Conway, Colwyn Bay, and Llanrwst, were for the defendants.
LLANDUDNO WESLEYAN S.
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LLANDUDNO WESLEYAN S. ANNUAL TEA AND SALE OF WORK. SUCCESSFUL FUNCTION. The anjiuej] tea and eaiie of work in con- nection wi.th iJbaneasr" Welsh Wesley an Oxaipel was at the Town EiaJJ, Llandud- no, on Wednesday, and, as usual, proved a highly E-ueoeesfud event. The tabloB had bsem very actlsticaUy arranged w.:t.!i en abundaaice of floral decciutions, iincluding ooene cherLoo specimens of chrysanthemums. The stalls were also lioa v1'y ladeil with use- ful and ornamental articles. The foiibwiing ladies presided ovee the tea tables: —Mrs and MICQ W" n Arvonda; Mifis Davies, BrN-iigolc-u MASS Maggie Jcaies, Chapel-street; Miss WiLam8, lYiyphie'oa; Miss Williams, 4, Nortih Parade; M,* B Annie Jones, SyweJ Houee; M:æ Williams, G adPvs House; Towel, IIaward-en Villa; Mxo Owen, Wa-rbe-rrie House; Mrs J. Griffith Ro- fcants, Mr J. E. Davies, Mrs and Mies Lunt, Mrs Hamipsca. and Miss Roberts-, Girosvenox Houfe. The istaHihalders wore*: Mrs T. W. Griffith, Mrs W. O. Williams, Mrs Piere-e Jones, M'rs S. R. Hartley, Muse Neldio Da- vies, Mrs Dan Williams, Mrs W. A. Evans, Mrs J. W. Rowlands, Mi's Barber. TCio Refreshment Stall was presided over by Mils Robert Joans, York Vnla; Miss Tho- mas, 4, Chariton-street; Mrs Hughes, Living- stoin-e Hoiase; e.1d Miss Powell. The tea makers were: Mrs Kidd, Myrtle Villa, and Mrs Wil!:ta.rnfi, Tryphcma Hocse, asaioted by Mrs Hughes, Mrs Davies, Mrs Oweai, Gar- field Houeo, and Mrs Williams, 22, Jubilee- stvoot. THE OPENING CEREMONY. The Rev. W. R. Robertas, paMor of the chapel, presided over the opening ceremony, and explained that the sale of work was held in aid of the building fund of the new Wes- leyan chapcl. The bu aid wig had eoet X5000, towards which the (members themselves had collected Y,120 last year (applause). Cau-noilior James Mc.Ma.ster, who performed (the opening oeTomooiy, congratulated the on the great variety of articles displayed on the stalls, all of which he under- stood had been manufactured by the Radks of Ebenez-cr Chapel in their leisure and gvxsr-ipimg hours (laughter). He did not think that the churches of today made sufficient use of their women. The articles on tie stalls were abundant evidence of how "women could work for their causa (hear, hear). His advice was, "Don't go rushing to build new ciiurafoes ami chapels until you have get the coin in your hamd;, 1 but go on "working (hoar, hear). In conelnaion, Mr McMaster declared the sale open and wished it every success (applause). Councillor T. W.-Griffith, J.P., in proposing a vote of thanks to Mr McMaster, said that it was not tlie first time that Mr McMaster hiad assisted the Wesleyaa cause at Llan- dudno—(hear, hear)—and he was pleased to see him presiding ovar such a large gathering that day. It was gratifying to notice several Ghurohpeople pr-eeenit, as that rl-bo-wed the broad-mindedness of the people of Llandudno (applause). Councillor W. O. Williams formally seconded the proposition, which was carried with acclamation. During the evening an em joy able musical programme was provided, in which Messrs R. H. Tboiinas, J. Forres ter, Charles Hughes, and others took- part. Mr Robert Jones, .York Villa, ably discharged the duties of secretary.
CONWAY TOWN COUNCIL.
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CONWAY TOWN COUNCIL. THE TOWN BAND OUT OF HARMONY. MARINE DRIVE WALL DISPUTE. The monthly meeting of the Conway Town Coumeil was held on- Wednesday aftemjooci, the Mayor (Councillor Henry Jones) presid- ing. The otTicr members present were: Aldermen Nether wood, W. M. Sever, Edw. Roberts, and Dr. M. J. Morgan, Coumct^e-rs John Williams (ex-mayor), J. W. Hughes (deputy mayor), John Jones, J. P. Griffith, J. E. Conway Jones, J. Stott, Mr Yr. E. Parry (Town CSerk), and other officials. VOTE OF CONDOLENCE. On the motion of the Mayor a vote of sym- pathy was passed with Co-uncilaoir A. J. Old- man (in Ills serious illness. APPOINTMENTS. Mr J. P. Griffith was elected member of the Highways, Gas, Estate and other Committees, -aæd Alderman Dr. M. J. Morgan was elected as a representative on the Board of Governors of the North Wal.es Univeiirty College. MORFA CAMPING GROUND. Th-a Mayor, in reply to Mr J. E. Conway Jones, stated that the Gemeral Officer Gootn- m an ding in Chief, Western Command, wouJd receive a. deputation from the Council on Thursday (to-day) to discuss the advisability of UElimg th-e Moria as a camping ground next smmmer. THE BANDMASTER S COMPLAINT. Tho Band Committee reported that in his report the bandmaster had suspended one of tftie members for ,ionsuiOOr(huat,ion, and also added that the efficiency of the bajid suffered tbrough the disloyalty of four members. After a lengthy discussion, it was unc^aiir.tous- ly decided that the members referred to were at onoe prepaied to wiork harmonious- 1y with other members of the band that they be arsked to resign ioirthwiith. Alderman Netherwood questioned whether the Council was getting full value for the support they gave to- the band, end com- plained that they did not play at De- ganwy as promtiecd. Repdying tei Mr Netherwood, the Borough Acoovmtant etotcd that things were now working more air Mr E;Wtt observed that lie had oitdt heard 'the band during the last two years. Mr J. P. Griffith, Mr John WiilAiams, and Mr J. E. Conway Jones having spoken, the m.:nut-;s were adopted, and a communication waa ordered to be sent to the band to the effect that they are expected to play in all parts of th-3 Borough, occaeionia'ly. MARINE DRIVE WALL. The Borough Surveyor reported tihat Mr Albert Weed had pulled down a part of the Ma.rone Drive wall—the one opposite toi the quarry. But he was informedtliot Mr Wool would again, rebuild the wan. Replying to, Mr J. W. Hughes, the Sur- veyor stated that the wall was tak-eii dowm on October 20th. It wa.s the second time that it had been taken down; it was a eouirce of danger to the public, especially at n'ght. He had no written assuraan-e that the wall would be re-built. But Mr Wood gave him a verbal promise over the telephone. He "wrote to Mr Wood to say that he had no right to pull the wall down. Mr Hughes: Did] you receive any reply ? The Surveyor: Xo. Mr J. W. Hughes said that the property was conveyed to Mr Albert Wood in 1876, and ho presumed that it was confirmed by Quarter Sessions. According to the deed the Marine Drive was to be seven yairds wide, but it was not more than two yards. Therefore, they had .y a right to five yardis more. The convcyanoe contained/ no reservation wit,h regard to quarry- ing stone, (.1 as regards the pulling down of the wail. However, be should have asked. Som* time ago, Mr Woodi oomneeinceel an action against th3 Council for wihst he (the speaker) ooiisdercd an iniagine-ry gricvan with regard I the Gasworks, which. there before Bcd- ksnsteb was built. The Council settled the mat- ter and! paid ail Mr Wood's costs, albhoug'h he was told that tthe repurt, of the engineer was in favour of tine Council defending the action. In view of all these facts, the Council should act towardis Mlr Wood as they would; towards any other ratepayer. Therefore, he proposed that the Town Clark write to him that day that un- icaj the wali was rebuilt cm Thursday he was imTtructed to tako proceedings against him on Friday. Alderman Netherwood eeoonded, and stated that if Mr Wood had asked the Council for per- miü;,iuI1 to pull down the waU, the pt-0uainhty WÜg that his request \(jlu,ld: hay'0 been granted. In"t.e..1& of that he damaged the Council's pro- perty without any consent. He saw that a.n ugly wall had! been erected along Bangor-.road. Ilo would like to know wboUier it was Mr Woodfs wall or that of the County council, if it belonged to tho County Council, they should riiako representation to have it pulled down, They ehould not negject the interests of the ratepayers. Mr dames Stott supported. A!derm an Morgan 6u.gg"(".3tüd: that the resolu- tion .should also contain a protest against the action of Mr Wood, in intenering with the Council's property without tileir permission. Mr J. llugihes agreed to add such a pro- test. Mr J. E. Ccwnyay Jones observed that be was as munch, of a democrat as any airo-und that table. But he felt that the motion was oonriewhait drastic, audi more so than any he had .known during the eeven ^ears he had been a member of that Council. They should treat Mr as they would any other ordinary ratepayer. He proposed as an amendment that they give Mr Albert Wood until Saturday to build tho waJJ. Mr J. W. Hughes agreed, and in that form tho mot:QT1 was unanimously agreed to. On the motion of Alderman Edward Roberto, seconded by Mr James Stott, it wasi decided to call the attention of the Couaity Council to the wall raised in Bangor-road.
THE WELSH CHUlCH COMMISSION…
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THE WELSH CHUlCH COM- MISSION & THE EE POET. WONDERFUL PROGRESS OF THE MOTHER CHURCH. (From a Correspondent.) The Report of the Royal Cominasiion an the "Church and Other Religious Denominations in Wales" was issued on Friday last, the very day on which tho General Election began. If it had been the considered desire of the Home Ofliœ that the Report should receive as little public attewtion éM; pC136ible, it oouJd net 1Hn'è publis1æd this momentous ,J.C0umcnt at a more favourable time for £ hct purpose. This may suit those who are anxious to prevent tho real facts becoming known, but Churchmen must make it their business to see that tho matter is not hushed If the Report had been pub- lisbedi a. month ago v.e do not hesitate to say that it woukJ have had a most damaging effect upon the prospects of any Government candi- dates pledged to Disestablishment; but as it is, there has not been tinia to let the facts be known, and the country is so absorbed in ibe sharp electoral contest now proceeding that it is impossible tho Rer>ort should receive the con- sideration. it deserves. fact that the con- elusions of the Commissioners have been kept back to tho very last moment makes it abun- [ dantly clear that should the Government be re- burned they cannot—unlea,! they mean to throw all cense of fairnctss arid justice to the winds— propose legisiation affecting the Church in Wales f in the next Parliament. Tho publication of the [ Report has changed the whole aspect of the f case, and the people, as Mr Lloyd George admit- i ted in 1906, will have a right to demand titne to consider its conclusions. Tho Report of the Commission, with various memoranda added by different Commissioners, is a bulky volume of over 400 pages, but aoine salient facts stand out quite clearly. For in- stance, as the result of this inquiry, prolonged for foar years it now appears that the Church is by far the strongest and. largest religious body r in Wales. -The totals la.id bofore the Commis- sion show that the Church communicants num- bered 193,081, while the Congregationalisms or Independ'ents returned 175,147 members, the Calvinistio Methodists 170,617, the Baptists 143,835, tho Wesleyans 40,811, and smaller Pro- testant denominations 19870. This is a faot of extraordinary significance, and it is difficult to see on what grounds the Government could pro- pose to dismember or dieejxnl the Church, which has so strong a bold upon the people. The Re- port also calls attention to the pastoral work of the Church, and the very words it uses show at once the national character of the Church.' "Through the parochial system," the Commis- sioners say, "all parishioners are entitled to re- ceive tho pastoral ministrations of the clergy of the Church of England clergy if they tjesire to do eo." On this ground the Church necessarily stands, to a large extent, alone. "Pastoral visits," says tha Report, "in Nonconformist churches are, aa a rule, confined to membei-s of the congregation." The Report, however, leaves out of count many matters upon which information is desirable. For instance we are not told in how many parishes the Church sup- plies the only resident minister. It may be hoped that this point will receive attention from otihcrs; we believe the result of an inquiry on the subject would startle even the strongVist op- jKmente of the Church. Not less interesting than the Report itself is tho strong and able* Memorandum dirawn up by Lord Hugh Cecil and Archdeacon Evans. This document is not only highly important in itself, but it is valuable as coming from the only two Commissioners who b1d any claim to speak for the Church. Incidentally it may bo remarked that Liberationists had a. much larger represen- tation, five of the Commissioner^ being avowed supporters of Welsh Disestablishment. But lot that pass. One of the chief poin.ts brought out in the Memorandum is not only that the Church is tho strongest, iti is also the progressive ^religious body in Wales. The number of per- sons confirmed in the decade 1899 to 1903 was 115,843, an annual average of 11,584, as against 10,178 between 1889 and 1898, a.nd 9416 between 1883 and 1888. The Esstor communicants were 134,234 in 1905-6, 144,411 in 1908-9. The Sunday scholars were 163,296 in 1932, 186,393 in 1908. Tho infant baptisms were. 19,65-1- in 1900, 21,960 in 1906, and during the la&t nine years the num- ber of infant baptisms in the Church amount to 32.2 per cant, of the total number of births in Wales. On the other hand! the total number of "full membci-s" claimed by the four great Non- conformist denominations was 447,625 in 1903, 529,298 in 1905 (when the full effect of tho Re- vival was felt), and 503,201 in 1908. Another satisfactory feature brought out in the Memorandum of Lord Hugh Cecil and Ai 'chdeaecn Evans is that the widespread a-asamption t'hat Wales i3 a "nation of (}noo.n- formists" is a pure figment of the imagination. A computation baaed on the ratios found to exist among the Calvinistio Methodists—of 168 adherents to 100 members in Welsh, and 279 adherents to 100 mombers in English, chapels- goes to indie a: e that in 1905, at the height of the Revival, the total strength of the "all- inclusive" adherents of Nonconformity was not quite- one-ha!ii' of the present population. The geneious spirit shown towards the work of Nonconformity by Lord Hugh Cecil and Arch- deacon Evans is not emulated by the Libera- tionist section of the Commissioners in their treatment of the Church. Two of tbeee Com- missioners set tijameelTes to ehow that certain. Church statistics were worthless, but concealed their criticisms u.ntil almost at the .last moment, when they requested that their Report should ba included in tho papers sent to the Home Office. Archdeacon Evans at once lodged a pio- test, and showed that the criticisms were the result of errors, which he duly pointed' out. In one case the mistake in calculation was rectified; as a result, no doubt., of the Archdeaccwi'd pro- test. The Chairman, irequested the Secretary to embody the protest in the papers, as otherwise "grave injustice might be done, since the late delivery of this Report, dealing with matters not brought to the attention of the witnesses or the Commission, precluded any consideration of or .reply to theee belated criticisms." It may bo hoped) that Liberationists, whose methods of oontiovejisy are often difficult to understand, will not fail to note the- significance of these weighty words from the Chairman. All impartial persons will have nothing but praise for the calm, careful, and) statesmanlike conduct OIÍ La-d Justice Vaughan Williams as Chairman of the Commission. It was 110 small achievement to have secured the signatures of seven out of nine Commissioners, to a Report upon such a highly controversial subject. The We'sh Liberationists would seem to have calcu- lated upon turning the sittings of the Commis- sion into a demonstration against the Church, with a judicial figure-head to give them an ap- pearance of respectability, but their plan was upoet by the Chairman's steady and impartial insistence on the terms of reference. The expenses in connecton. with the issue of literature dealing, from the Church standpoint, witv the Report of the Royal Commission on. the Charoh in Wales have been very heavy. The Central Church Committea have accordingly ap- pealed to sympathise-iB with their work for a sum of £2000. This amount is so small in com- parison with the material loss with which the Church in Wales is threatened—viz. about annually-that every ChiLTch member may fairly be expected to contribute to the fund which is being raised, and the churchwardens of every parish church should scud at least 10s a year out of their parish funds to tho Central Ohurch Committee, and regard their contribu- tion as a form of insurance against the Disestab- lishment and Disendowment of the Church botli in England and Wales. The offioes of the Cen- tral Church Defence Committøe are at the Church House, Dean's Yard, Westminster, whence, papers explanatory of the Royal Com- mission's Report may be obtained.
FOOTBALL! FOOTBALL 11
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FOOTBALL! FOOTBALL 11 The "Chrcnic'e Football Special" will be on sale at local Newsagents to-morrow (Saturday) night. It will contain all the result of English and North Wales matches.
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The Secretary of State for the Colonies ha appointed Mr Ralph Furse to be one of his aj siatant private secretaries.
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DOES IRELAND IVÂNT HOME RULE!
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DOES IRELAND IVÂNT HOME RULE! (To the Editor of the "Pioneer.") Sir,—A a one who knows and who lived in Ireland when the late Mr Gladstone brought in his Home Rule Bill, I say emphatically No! The people of England, Scotland!, and least of all Wales know little or nothing of Ireland, the conditions of life, the people, the customs, and last but greatest of all the Roman Catholic element-the governing factor over all. The Roman Catholic dictation or rule by which a large portion of the people are guided nay, commanded to obey on pain of "excommuniea- tÏon" is only faintly understood by the remain- der of the people of the United Kingdom. Ire- land has a population of about 4,000,000. To re- present that population Ireland has 104 members. This, to my mind, is the main solution of the Irish question, and 'for the reiief of the loyal Ir-isti--a redistribution of seats. Ireland is over- represented. and' the Protestants, the educated people, and the better middle class are nearly wholly unrepresented. Take Dublin, the capital. It is represented by eight Nationalist members of Parliament. Neither the Church, the Protes- tant Church, the law, those who hold tho most important positions of trust-no. ont of them i* represented. Dublin itself has a large and delightful popu- lation in it. Apart from these there is a seat of learning. Law, medicine, and the military ele- ment is largely represented, both active and re trod, and 2000 banisters alone go to make the total. Yet none of these are represented in Par- liament. Practically only two forms of religion pre- dominate through the Irish Church disendowed by Mr Gladstone, and the Roman Catholics. The North of Ireland, again a different little world 1 of its own, separated from Scotland by only 18 I miles. The Irish Protestant or Orangeman is a factor that is not taken seriou-ly into considera- tion when Home Rule is mentioned. Ulster will never have Home Rule nor obey Home Rule. A revolution and Ireland running with blood would be the result of such a measure; North and South would be engaged in a bitter struggle of hate. It is only 26 years next February when a thrill of horror passed over the United Kingdom over the cowardly assassination of Burke and Caven- dish. At the same time the Molly Maguires pursued their war of extermination. It is this section of the Irish community that we arc asked to put into power. It is to this section that Non- conformist Wales (led by Mr Lloyd George and Mr Winston Churchill) that we arc asked to hand over our loyal Protestant subjects. We all know the poverty of Roman Catholic countries, and Ireland has hers eh' to blame for a very large portion of hcr's. We have to thank Mr Balfour and his sister Miss Balfour for bringing peace and security of life which Ireland has for a number of years enjoyed until under the weak rule of Mr Asquith it has again been broken. Does Iiieliaind waait Home Rule? I again gay, emphatically, "No." I lived in Dublin when Mr GtLadstone brought in his Home Rule Bill (his last bid for power). At that time, Mr Gladstone knew no more of Ireland 'than any of the people of Wales ddd. He little knew tho hornet's nec-it be was disturb- ing (and it ultimately lCtt to the formsing of the present Uaiticn ist Party, the moderate men of both parties), and English agitait/ went over and what was known afterwards as "New Tippeirary" was formed. The p-ecple m^cched farms and honxe, a.nd attend- ed those meetings with the result that they left their homes for this new woven town, with the result that they locjt them for ever. Dozens died of starvation, and they were scat- tered to the four comers of the eartth. Now, "ihat has Ireland to gain by Home Rule? And what does &he loceiJ Much to lose, little to gain. Ireland, gets more in old- age pensions than the reet of the kingdom, according to population. Ireland has been granted miilJioais of meae-y to purahaae land and farms for herself; tuch as Wales and Scotland have not been granted. She :P..as the benefit of our Navy, She depends mostly on us to take her exports of baeon, linen, cattle, horses, poultry, eggs, butter, whiskey, and stout; in fact all silie has to sell. Her Large shipbuilding yards at Belfast we large- ly employ. Her lace indust'iiies are fostered by our despised duchesses and kidies. In shotrt, more is being deaie for Ireland than, ajiy portion of the United Kingdom. Mr Lloyd George in his care of Mr Redmond's feelings has only distributed 600 of his famous Form IV, paipens dn Ireland. The licensing duties, the whiskey duties have been loweired for Ireland, and has beloved IVales left w pay the full duty, and their share of the difference, and say 'wia want no Home Rule for Ireland; no separate Parliament in College Green. We want no .eeparatieci .and the idea of Nonconformist WaAes backing the Roman Catholics of Ireland against their Pro- testant brothers in I retain d Asking fosr oivil wa,-s, seeking the disintegration of the Empire, raising class hatned, and religious wars too satisfy the ambition of persons "who hamber after the money and position, and the "titles they profess to dispose.—I am, cltc., L. E. KIRKPATRICK. Hotefl v, Colwyn Bay, Dec. 4th, 1910. (We regret that owing to Iressure on our space, we have had to curtail our oorte&- ipoocbeait'e letter.—Ed. "W. C. P.").
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-----A LLANDDULAS IMPROVEMENT.
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A LLANDDULAS IMPROVEMENT. (To the Editor of the "Pioneer.") Sir-As one who takes interest- in looal affaire I am glad that the work at Maesydon-road, Llan- ddulas, has been crowned with success. The parish ion-ens ought to be very grateful to the local Disbrict Councillors. Rev. Canon C. F. Roberts and Mr R. Davies, Rhydyvool) for their firm stand in this matter. They have secured a remedy which, with a little mora work and a t rough or piping' through the shingle will protect Maeeydon-road from future floods. Many were the critics whiie the scheme was carried out. To await a flood Canon Roberts got a gang of workmen to open the dhingie ao as to weaken it at a certain point. A few days after this was dlone a flood came and cleared the Shingle at the point weakened to a dicpth of 12 or 14 feet deep, and about 40 yards wide so there was nothing' only the bare clay, t:he water falling some four feet in less than an hour at Macsydon, sweep- ing with it all the mud that Jay about 3f t. deep in river bed to the sea. There is no doubt that tho embankment made some years ago by the L. and N.W. Rly. Co. acroes the river at one point, although done to help the outlet through shingle opposite the viaduct 'has been a means of eorne mischief, in retaining imid, etc., at the viaduct. In my' opinion the opening in this embankment has not been opened wide and doeep enough. It proves beyond doubt that this is a remedy by keeping the outlet to sea clear. To do this something must b6 done to keep the tidies from closing the outlet.—Yours., etc., Llonddulaa, RATEPAYER* Dxemoor 6th, 1910.
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Mr Alton, of the English Radium Institute. has bought from the AuArian Ministry of Works, on behalf of Sir Ernest Cassel, one gramme of radium for the sum of £ 15,000. Tho radium is a gift by Sir Ernest Cassel to tho in- stitute, and is intended for use in cancer re- search. The Exchequer returns for the nine months from April 1st to December 3rd show that the receipts amounted to £ 125,193,284, an increase of £41,106,164 compared with the corresponding period of the previous year. The expenditure during the same period amounted to 2107,046,8.39, an increase of £ 4901,668.
COLWYN BAY V NIT ED FOOTBALL…
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COLWYN BAY V NIT ED FOOTBALL CLUB. (To the Editor oif the "Pioneer.") Sir,—I read in a ootateimpet-ary words which might be construed as harmful to the prospects and bast interests of the Oolwjn Bay United1 Football Club, and as Sludh I desire, through the medium of your valuable paper, to correct the insinuation contained in the writer'6 notes. True, the ground of the Oolwyn Bay Club is not of the maximum length and breadth, being a little smaller both ways. Since the publica- tion of the remarks noted above, the actual iMeasurement htas beerf obtained whidh is 112 yardb by 58 yandfcs, and the playing pitch is per- fectly xeotajigtilar. I also desire, on behalf of the committee, to thank you for the very fair and unbiassed! reports of our matches in your paper.-I am, etc., COMMITTEE MAN.
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A Paris message says the floods in France in the neighbourhood of Nantes have subsided, and I the prospects are now much brighter.
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THE Caxton Press, Caxton bousct BANGOR, Art Printers & Pubiishen Die Stamping in Colours Executed on the Premises. Notepaper and Envelopes of all kinds supplied promptly.
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The Russian Minosbry of Marine according to the "Novoa Vremya," is lending its counten- ance to a scheme initiated by Kmrpps to take oyer the ironworks at Mariupol and equip tiheøt with armour plant.
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= TO FARMERS AND ESTATE AGENTSt i GROUND LIME f> IN BAGS For Agricultural Purposes, For Prices, apply to the Manufacturers, RAYNES & CO., LLYSFAEN QUARRIES AND LIME WORKS, e][8 GOljWYf JEI-A Y!Ø bR TO THEIR ^ARIOU^ AGENTS. J l, I I J i y 1\ "f ='.c ■ -.X. ) • i • j y