Pioneer

From Sanatorium to Army. MERTHYR CORONER AND A SCANDAL. What the Coroner (Mr. Rhys) described as an inter esting side light on the acceptance of sol- diets for the army, was disclosed at an inquest held at the Belle Vue Hotel. Alerthvr, on .Friday, on the body of Patrick McCarthy (38). a shoemaker, who died whilst being con- veyed to the Workhouse Infirmary by cab on the previous Tuesday. Mrs. Sarah Jones, of Bridge Street, declared that the deceased had lodged with her for 3 weeks or a month. Ho was out on the Monday and arrived home late, but on the Tuesday morning he was so ill that she advised him to go to the Infirmary, and called a cab for his removal there. Mike O'Neill, who accompanied the deceased in the cab, said that they talked together in the vehicle, and deceased told him that he had been in the Militia. Before the cab reached its destination McCarthy collapsed and died. Evidence was given by the Workhouse Porter that the deceased had' only been discharged from the Institution on February 1 after being in "inc. August 3. Dr. Mrs. Ward gave the medical history, of the deceased, showing that in 1914 he had been treated in the phthisical wards of the Work- house and had been transferred to the Pont- sarTI. Sanatorium, from where he had discharg- ed himself. On October 1 he had joined the Army, but had been dischagred a fortnight la- ter as physicaMy unfit. The Coroner: I wonder who accepted that man for the army? It is a scandal. Later, reviewing the evidence, he comented that though the jury was only concerned with the cause of death, still the side light was very instructive. We were all complaining oR, i the large amount of money being spent on tfaei war and Rtill we bad things of this kind Jlap- penmg. Some people seemed to be Jfrroud th<tt 1!he Avar was costing so much. £ e did not suppose that this was an isolated c.ase> Juryman^ No. there are thousands A verdict in accordance with the m'dical evidence that death was due to long-standino- phthisis and valvular disease of the heart v'1; returned.

'Phone 597. 'Phone 597. WILLIAM TRESEDER. Ltd. THE NURSERIES, CARDIFF, WREATHS, CROSSES, CUT FLOWERS, &c. BEDDING PLANTS Asters, Stocks, Dahlias, Marguerites, Lobelia, &c. Tels TRESEDBI?, FLORIST, CARDIFF.

Gardening Notes. If any reader who is in a difficulty with refer- ence to his garden will write directly to the address given beneath, his questions will all oe answered free of charge, in full detail, and jv return of post.—Editor. THE VEGETABLE GARDEN IN MARCH. Jerusalem Artichokes. Tloroughty worked, deep, and friable soil is best but the plant- succeeds in any remote and litrk'-used corner if the soil lie honestly trenched in autumn and left rough through the winter. Wafi-k in a- light dressing of manure when trenching. Fork over in spring: and dibble j in during March medium-sized tubers from four; to six inches deep in rows two and a half to threes feet asunder, the sets being placed from 12 t.) 13 inches apart in the lines. Hoe regu- Jar'y during summer 5 draw up a little earth to the stems, and cut them away as they die dow.; in autumn. Keep clear of weeds. Bread Beans. I I I Sow for, the mam supply in Marcli, and ior succession in April and May in double rows, ranging north and south if possible, three feet asunder, placing the two lines forming each double row nine inches distant from one another arranging the seeds about seven inches apart for the plants to come alternately, and using one quart to 25 feet. Cover with three or four inches of good soil. It is a good plan to placel the raws rather widely apart, and to crop be- tween them. In dry weather soak the seed for! 21 hours before planting, and water the drills.! Broccoli. Fresh and sweet, weli and deeply dug, firml loams or (lay in open situations are beSlt. It is most essential that a good seed-bed be pre- pared, though it must not be too rich. Late plantings should be made in deeply tilled and only moderately' manured ground in an open situation. A well firmed down soil conduces to stocky, hardy growth. The land may be dressed as for cabbage, and rank manure can be safely applied always, of course, remembering that too generous treatment engenders a luxuriant, succulent growth, whTch is liable to be dam- aged. if not not destroyed in severe weather. Sow autumn broccoli early in March in a frame, and at the end of the month in the open ground, using one ounce of seed to four square yards, in shallow drills. 10 inches apart. Covei with half-inch of fine soil, and net the seed-bed as a protection against birds. Only the very best strains of seed .should be used. Soil moisture should be conserved by continued till- age Rigidly destroy weeds. The seedlings must be transplanted as soon as possible before they become in the least drawn. If ijaeir permanent quarters be not ready in time. dibble them six inches apart into a nursery bed. and shade and water for a few days. Plant them out very firmly, and at first opportunity, from two to two and a half feet asunder, into land cleared of early potatoes, peas and beans. Earth up the stems lightly. If possible. select showery weather for the moving, but water liberally if it become necessary. Brissel Sprouts. The seed and pricking-out beds should be of light, rich soil. while the ground to which the plants are finally moved must be deep, open! ani well manured. Sow in March in a cold frame, one ounce of seed to 4 square yards, in shallow drills 12in. apart, and cover them with about Mn. of fine soil. Net the seed-beds as a protection against birds. Tb-a crop largely de- pends on the strain of seed used. Brussels sprouts require practically the same treat- inert as borecole. Prick out the seedlings from the frames. 6in. apart, into open beds, directly they have made half a dozen leaves; and earth them up when of good size Transplant them in June or early July to their permanent quarters before they are at all crowded, placing them two feet asunder egrary way, to provide sprouts from October to the end of March. Water liberally after plan- ting to obviate a check. Draw up a little earth to the stems. A portion of the crop can be grown between potato-row. Cabfage. Deep. cool, well-tilled loams, and thoroughly drained and oultivated Cilays in open positions are best, though profitable crops can be secured in almost all soils. Sow early kinds and a few coleworts in the open towards the end of Marc h, to come into use from July to Novem- ber using one ounce of seeds to eight square yards of seed-bed. and covering it with about half an inch of finesoil. Cauliflower. I Sow during March in boxes on a gentle hot- bed or under a cool frame in a sunny corner one ounce of seeds to four square yards in shal ow drills lOin, apart. Cover with 9in. of fine soil; and net the seed-bed as a protection against birds. Water the ground on the evening previous to sowing if it be very dry. It is exceedingly important to use only the very best strains of seeds. Prick out the plants from the earliest sowing into another frame, or under hand-lights, as soon as they are large enough to handle; give all the air con- sistent with safety; and finally plant out about mid-May. 15in. apart. Constant hoeing and an occasional heavy watering, are necessary. A constant supply of all soil-moisture is abso- lutely essential so that a surface mulch of 2 or I 3in. of loose soil must be maintained bv regular tillage with wheel or hand hoes. Celery. ) The seed-bed must be light; riell and very j fine and must be protected from hot, dry winds; and the nursery-bed, in which seedlings are pricked out. should be composed of equal proportions of manure and turfy loam or of &. layer of good manure, covered with 3in. of fine soil. An open situation is desirable. Very rich very moist and carefully tilled soils give i the best results. It is practically impossible to make the trenches and beds intended for celery j too rich and as much good stable manure. therefore, as possible should be dug in. Sow during the first and second weeks of March j in boxes or pens in a house or on a very j gentle hot-bed, and about the middle or end of Apri; on the open. border. Cover the seed very) lightly. i CUCL mbers. The seeds are sown about a mo-nth before the; plants are required, in 3in. pots half filled with good porous soil, and plunged in bottom heat. When the second pair of leaves is well above the rim, additional soil is provided to fill the pot Plants that have been checked by fail- ure of bottom heat, lack of water, and admis- sion of draughts, or attack of aphides should be thrown away. Open-air or ridge varieties can be sown on a gentle hot-bed about the mid- dle of April, or they may be raised in open-air beel" in May. Temperatures should range bet- ween 60 degrees and 60 degrees by night, and 70 degrees and 75 degrees in the shade during the day. Strong bottom heat is essential, it» failure resulting in stunted and unprofitable plants. Good stable manure and leaves are mixed into a heap. which is turned every weal, and 111 a month made up into a. tolerab- ly firm bed. 3ft. deep in a pit. and 4ft. if the hot- bed be above ground, in which latter case the manure-bed should be 3ft. wider than the frame. Pot on the frame and about a week later add a layer of from 7 to 9in. of soil. Plant out dwarf and strong plants from mid- April onwards, shading them until established. Give air and water in proportion as the tempe- rature rises and faNs, decreasing the supply in cold and dull weather, and increasing it as, the heat becomes greater. When the plants have made four leaves, pinch out the top. and treat the new shoots then produced in a similar! number of leaves. After this, nothing in the manner when they in turn have each a like way of stopping or training is necessary beyond occasional removal of crowded or old shoots, pegging down unruly vines to cover the bed, and stopping each fruiting stem at the second leaf beyond the fruit. Further treatment is similar to the house culture. i Leek. • Large leeks can only be grown in verv richly dunged soil. Occasional dressings of weak liquid manure may advantageously be poured between the rows from time to time. Sow dur- ing March, and for succession in April, one ounce of seed to two square yards of firm bed, and (over it with half-inch of fine soil. Begin to thin out the seedlings when they are five or six inches high and after very slightly shorten- ing the leaves, plant them with a dibbler from six to nine inches apart, as deeply as the base of the leaves. in well-watered beds or trenches. Further thinnings will providesuecessional drops, a few plants being left to mature in the seed-bed. Use the hoe occasionally. and water generously. As the plants progress, draw dry earth around the stems to blancli them. Lettuce. Sow in paILS. The mam sowings for summer use should be made in drills an inch deep and a foot apart, using one ounce of seed to four square yards of prepared seed-bed, from March j until the end of June. Continuous unchecked growth is most important. Prick out the seed- lings from the first sowings as early as possible into frames or boxes of light, rich soil, and finally plant them out 6in. apart in April. Draw every alternate plant for use L&aving th remainder to ma wire a foot asunder.. Thin out successive crops early to prevent crowding, eventually placing the plants 12in. distant from one another. In summer it is generally advis- able to tra,nsplant with a trowel. The autunm seedlings must also be thinned directly they are about an inch high, the thinnings being planted Sin. apart in light, moderately good so if in frames, and on warm sloping borders fa- cing the sun. Give air freely to main crops, and do not stint water. During severe weather a covering of clean litter will save out-door or or-, In early sparing, lift and transplant every other lettuce into rich ground. Cos va- rieties are sometimes tied with raffia to blaneb Thinnings make excellent salading material. E. KEMP TOOGOOD, F.L.S.. F.R.Met.S., pro Toogood and Sons, The King's Seedsmen, Southampton. I

Rhyddid i Wneud Daioni. Gan T. E. NICHOLAS.. I Y mae gwir ryddid yn gydymffurfiad a dedd- fau sanctaidd bywyd. Ni ellir iechyd ond drwy gydymffurfiad a deddfau iechyd. Ni cheir tyfiant" ond drwy gydymffurfiad a deddfau. Mae bywyd yn rhydd yn ei gyloh. Mae aderyn a physgodyn yn rhydd yn eu \helfen. Un yn yr awyr a'r hall yn y dwr, a.'r ddau mewn per- ffaith ryddid. Tthyngddynt hwy a'u cylehoeddl mae perffaith gydgord. Y mae adnoddau a mwynderau ddigon at eu gwasanaet-h yn y cyichoedd y troant. Nid vw rhyddid yn golygu fod bywyd yn gallu tros-eddu deddfau ei natur, a deddfau ei gylcli. Dyhead penaf bywyd ym mhob ffurf yw rhyddid. Gwaedda blodau a choed am ryddid. Brwydrant a, chreigiau ac a thywyllwch, a dringant i oleu dydd ac i eang- der y nef. Nid yw rhyddid aderyn nac anifail yn cynwys y gallant wneud yr hyn a. fynont; nis gallant, Y mae deddfau eu natur yn dweyd "Na." Ufuddhant i awgrym ac i gymhe-lliad y deddfau hyn. Y mae greddf anifel yn ei gadw mewn rhyddid. Y tu fewn i'r aderyn y mae'r 'ctcleddf a'i ceidw'n rhydd. Nid deddf allanol ddywed wrth y wenol pa bryd i groesi'r mor. ac nid deddf allanol ddywed pa bryd i; ddychw-elyd i hinsawdd boetha-ch. Yn y wenol mae'r ddeddf. ac fe geklw cydymffurfiad a'r ddeddf hi mewn rhycidid a llawnder. Nid oes senedd yn Y bvd all ddeddfu i'r briallu, a, dweyd y dydd a ,i- mis y rhaid iddynt agor eu dail; agorant eu dail mewn iJfudd-dod i'r ddeddf sydd ynddynt. Y mae'r un peth yn wiram ddyn. Y mae deddfau tu allan yn gwrth-daro yn erbyn deddfau ei natur ei hun; ysbeilir ef o ryddid drwy liyny. Y mae T rhan fwyaf o ddccldfanlT byd wedi eu llunio gan drawsion y byd i'w manteision eu hunam. Cyfynga'r dedd- fau hyn ar ddynion cyffredin. Y mae pob deddf nag sydd yn ganlyniad ac yn tynegiant o fywyd yn T-roi yn oi,thi,win. Y mae ufuddhau i ddeddf gasheir gan yr enaid yn gwneud dyn yn ga-e<th- was. Ysbeiiia'r deddfau hyn ddyn o'i ryddid ac o'i ewyllys. UriAvaith y cymerir ewyllys dyn oddi arno, nid dyn mo hono mAA-yach. ond ani- taii neu beiriant. Y mae'r peiriant yn symud AA i ui eAvyllys y 1),eit,iaiiiva, y mae anifail yn mynd t, dod w-rt-h ewyllys ei berchenog; gwerthir ef a lleddir ef. fel y bydd ei berchenog yn ewyllysio. Unwaitli y rhydd dyn ei ewyllys L arall, dyna yntau yn gyd-stad a'r anifail ac a'r peiriant. Dyna oedd sefyllfa a chyflwr y caethion cluon; nid dynion mo honynt. Gwerthid liAA-vnt fel anifeilinid heb roddi sylw i fam na baban, a-c heb gydnabod fod :.nwy o bert-hynas rhwiig mam a'i baban nag oedd rhwng dafad ag oen. Paham y gwn^i'd hynr Am fod ewyllys y caethwas wedi ei rhoddi i fyny t. ewyllys arall. Cymeryd ewyllys y pagan oddi arno drwv drais a dichel a thwyll. Yr oedd ei natur er hyny yn ei mynydau goreu yn protestio yn erbyn y darostyngiad, a'r dyn weithiau yn codi i'r wyneb dan ergyd v ffiangell. Llifai'r dagran clros ruddiau duon y fam pain werthid ei mebyn bach, a. galarai'r tad wrth weld ei fachgen bach yn mvnd ymaith am byth i feddr- ant eaeth-feistr caeulon. Dim gobaith byth i'w weld iiiivy. O! pwy all ddirnad gofidiau cudd- iedig y caethion duon hyny? Wrth ddarllen hanes y triniaethau roddid i'r caethion wa'E>da'r galon, a thyr y <lagrau i'r llygaid. Fel yr wyf wedi crybwyll eisioes, cymerwyd rhyddid y oaethion oddi arnynt drwy drais, heb eu cydsyniad. Heddyw y mae ein cenedl ninau yn gaethion i gyd. Nid oes gweithiwr yn y wlad nad yw cysgod y gadAven ar ei f i, y d. Nid oes ewyllys gan y dyn ei hun heddyw; rhaid iddo ufuddhau fel" peiriant neu anifail L ewyllys uwch. Ar wedd fwj-af digalon ar y gwaith i gyd ydyw, fod y rhyddid hwn wedi ei roddi ymaith drwy gydsyniad y caethion, Eis- teddodd gwerin Prydain yn dawel i weld darn a.r ol darn o'i rhyddid yn mynd ymaith. Nid oes neb yn caru y eaethiwed, ond boddlonodd bron pawb i lyAvodraethwyr gwlad i gymeryd y rhyddid ymaith. Nid 8es ond llais v lleiafrif heddyw yn gofyn am adferiad i ni o'n rhyddid. G3im pwysig oedd cymeryd rhyddid gwasg a rhyddid llatar oddi arnom, ond boddlon fuom i nyny. Buom yn dawel a'n cyfeillion yn y carcha-r am siarad dros ryddid y ddynol ryw. Erbyn lioddyAv y mae yn rhy ddiweddar. Buom yn gweithio YR galed i lunio hraalau; mae'r hualau hyny am ein traed ac am ein dAvylaw acam ein iieneidiau erbyn hyn. GaUwn wingo mwy yn hir. ond mae'r cadAAynau am danonr. Y peth chwerAvaf o'r cwbl ydyw mae ein dwylaw ein hunain luniodd y cadwyna.u. DLsgwylia nifer fawr o ddynien i ni fod yn ddistaw heddyw ar v pwnc, a chymeryd v caethiwed yn dawel. Wedi siarad yn erbyn meddwi am ddeg mlyn- edd, am fod pawb wedi meddwi disgwylir minau wneud. Dyna'r math 9 resymeg sydd yn y wlad yn awr. Bum yn pregethu ac ys- grifenu a chanu am ddeg mlynedd yn erbyn tyAvallt gAvaed, ao yn erbyn rhyfel, ond panaeth y byd yn fe-delw ar waed, disgwylir i minau fen- dithia cad, a chusanu'r liaw sy'n darnio ddynoli- aeth Bydd y llaAV hon wedi pydru yn y carehar cyn yr ysgrifena. air o blaid damnwyr dynion; bydd y tafod hwn wedi ikmyddu yn yr angau cyn y peidia, brotestio yn erbyn liab- ydfliio'r miliwnau er mwyn boddloni daiflaid llysoedd Ewrop. Difera eu dwylaw gan waed; difera eu gAAefusau gan gabledd leferir yn enw'r lean. Ystyriant eglwysi Ewrop yn gys- egredig, a dynion Ewrop yn addas ymborth L fagnela-u. Gweddiant am lwyddiant ar deyrnas ufiern. a thaflant dan-belenau at gaerau'r nef- oedd. Teyrnas uffern o'ch mewn cliivi y mae. Gwesgir* ar eglwys Cymru 1 gasglu yn hglaeth at baganiaid y byd, a'r pag^'liard hyny yn gwe/ldio dros Gristionogion Prydain yn ett ternlau. Gofynhr 1 111 fod yn ddistaw. a chan- lynAA yr Orist yn d^miiia'r byd vn Ei enw. Gofynir 1 ni ddlYn Dafvdd, yr hwn orchymyn- odd ladd eidyn pan oedd ei gorff wedi oeri yn yr angau yr hwn elyn a laddAvyd rhwng cyrn yr all or a gofvnir i ni droi ein cefn ar yr lesu, yr hwn wecldiodd dros ei elynion. Cymtellir ar nom Avareiddiad y cynfyd, a charcherir ni am gredu fod cariad yn well na dial. Ar y Tribunals eistedda colofnau Ymneullduaeth; ymffrostiant yn eu "cydwybod Ymneullduol" pan fydclo eisiau atal gwragedd gweddwon werthu melysion ar y Sul, neu atal gwerinAvyr i ddadlou i fyw ar Dydd DUAV. ond gwawdiant v gwrthwynebwr cydwybodol i dvAvallt gwaed. Gofynant gwestiwnau fuasai'n ddiraddiad ar yr anwariad niAvyaf isel. Ystyri-ent fod saettu owningen a saethu dyn yn ddau beth tebyg o ran eu natur. ac ni phetrusant ddyweclyd y gall yr hwn sy'n liela adar fynd allan i ladd dynion. Nid wvf fi iNi- gwaedlyd, ond myn Duw! yr aedd liawer i'w. ddAveyd dros y Cliwyldr-oad Frengig. Pe dywedid Avrthyf h fod yn rhaid mi ladd fy ngelynion. nid wyf yn sicr na ^uasAA-n yn deehreu yn y wlad hon. Ond y mae l ,-t(I ]]on Ond y in,ae caethionPrydaki a chaethion Germany yn arfau rhyfel, ac yn eu trosglwyddo c";osodd i'r caeth-feistri. "Disgwylir i mi fod yn ddistaw, a minau yn g.v,éld Avvnebau tadau a mamau wrth y drws 'o°^ dydcl yn wylo ar ran en bechgvn sy'n ('a'i,Lan rhyfel a calon; v mae dwylaw plant baiyh yn estynedig ataf ddydd a nos; clywaf Mii-j ng' wsg ac ar ddihun riddfanau'r miloedd ineAA, ti ffosydd. Gwelaf gnawd ac esgyrn yn cael t,u ohwythu i'r nef oedd. a dwylaw offeiri- aid aJJhregethwyr y byd yn estynedig tua'r lie f-t ol,? ?ii )?iregct l iiw-?-r 1), nefoedd* yn v temlau i fendithio'r gwaith. "I feel the pain in my brother's side," ac nis gallaf fod yn ddistaw. Y mae gwynebau gwelw bechgyn ieuainc diniwed yn apelio ataf; ni fedrant siar-ad nac amddiffyn eu huain o tiaen y Tribunals, ac y maeryt at drugaredd bleiddi- aid didostur. Lie mae rhyddid hedd vw r Rhyddid i beth sydd genym? Nid oes genym ond rhyddid i un peth; rhyddid i wneud dim. Daliwn at hyny. (rallwn beidio gwneud dim. C:trhuddid Grist ei fod yn tori'r gyfraith Avrth AA-ella claf ar Ddydd SuI, ond dywedodd Ef fod gan ddyn ryddid i wneud da ar y Dydd Sabath. Dyna'r pwynt wyf am wasg adref heddyAv; y mae gan ddyn ryddid i wneud da. Ni ddylai Avneud drwg. Nid oes ganddo ryddid i wneud drwg. Ni ddylai gymeryd ei orfodi na'i ddenu, na'i ddychrynu i wneud ylif hyn sydd ddrwg. Ivliyddid i wneuthur daioni. Os oes gorfodi i fod, gorfoder dyn i wneud da. Dyna a-rnoan deddf; rhwystro dyn i wneud drwg; a'i gymel'l i wneud daioni. Popeth sydd dros ben hyn o'r drwg y mae. Mae yr aimer i gyfaddawdu Avedi mynd heibio. Gormod o hyny sydd wedi ei wneud drwy'r blynyddau. Once to every man and nation Comes the moment to decide, In the strife of truth with falsehood, For the good or evil side." Y mae'r amser hWJ:w AT/edi clod i ddynion ac i genhedloedd. Dewisiodd y cenhedloedcl, drwy eu lywodraetliAvy-r, gymeryd ochr oelwycld yn eerbyn gwirionedd it rhyfel yn erbyn heddwch. Ond rhaid i'r dynion unigol sydd wedi deAvis gwirion-edda, lwcldwch. sefyll yn wyneb pob gor- fodiaeth. Saif eu cydwybodfcu i deyrnasu yn adfeilion gorseddau ac ymherodraethau. Apeliaf eto ar iioll garedigion heddweh dori eu cysyll- tiad a phob plaid Avleidyddoi, ac a phob cym- deithas, ac a phob eglwys sydd yn pleidio rhyfel. Dim rhagor o gyfaddawdu. « Ymddi- dolwch a. deuwch allan o'u canol hwynt." Ni chydfyd goleuni a thywyllwch; nis gall yr un ffvnon daflu allan ddwr c-roew a dwr hallt. Mae ein cyfle yn. fawr. Ca-wai gyfie i. ddioddef dros yr hyn a gredwn. Cawn gyfie i greu oyd neAA-ydd clMion yr hen. A rhaid gweld mal gAverinAvyr Ewrop fydd yn creu hwnw. Pan dorodd y rhyfel allasn yr oeddwn yn Sosialydd, yn credu mewn rhoddi amser i gyfundrefnau cymdeithasol cyfiaAvn dyfu allan o'r hen sys- temau. HeddyAv yr wyf yn Sosialydd. ond yn credu nad oes ond chwvldroad a'n hachub. rltaii, Avyd dynion yn bleidiau; caetluAvyd un blaid wedi caethiAvo hono hawdd oedd caethiwo y blaid arall. Mae synwyr cyffredin wedi ei alltudio, a dynoliaeth yn isel ei bris yn y farch- nad Pwy a. saif heb gyfaddawdu dim yn y dydd blin r1 Dvwedaf eto y mae eisiau Ym- a gwerini- I aeth newydd mewn gwleidyddiaeth. Gwn fod eymoedd Cymru yn orlawa o gapelau. ond gellir gwneud ag un capel arall ym mhob cvlch; capel i fod yn dernl heddwb, ac yn noddfa i hedd- ycliAvyr i addoli Tywysog Tangnefedd, ac i ganu am n-ewyddion da o hiwenydd mawr. ac am eAAyllys da i ddynion, a chanu hyny heb drochi eu dwylaw yng ngwaed dynion. Y mae fy enaid yn flin, a cliwsg wedi ciliooddi wrthyf; wylaf ddvdd a nos am laddedigion merch fy mliobl; ond diolchaf am fod fy natur o hvd yn clal fod gan ddyn ryddid i wneiid daiotll. Rhyddid i fynd i'r Groes: rhyddid i g'onero'r byd drwy ei garu. Sefwch gan hyny yn y rhycidid a'r hwn y rhyrldhaodd Crust chwi. Duw gadwo'r caethion.

The Conscientious Objector in Cardiganshire. Before the Lampeter Tribunal, Comrade Jos- uah Davies, Talysarn, appealed for exemption on conscientious grounds. The Tribunal: Why didn'tzoii attest F—Ap- wlicaRt; I .had good reasons: i have a farm 70 acres, with only a servant girl and myself working on it. The Tribunal: Do you use a gun ?-The Ap- plicant Yes, to scare crows. The Tribunal: Do you kill rabbits?—The Ap- plicant I do, to provide food, and to protect my crops. fl The Tribunal: And you would not kill a German ?—Applicant: Certainly not; I eat rab- bits. I do not eat Germans. We do not eat human flesh. All human life is sacred. The Tribunal: What wotaid you do if a lion met you on the road?—Applicant: I have nev- er come -across such a case, and never will. And that has nothing to do with my egse. The Tribunal: What would you do if the Kaiser were to come in through the Avindow and attack your sister P—Applicant: I would not kill him to save the life of my sister. The Tribunal: Did you fill this form yourself ? -Applicant: What about that ? Is there any- thing wrong about it ? 1 The Tribunal: Will you tell us who filled it? —Applicant: A friend of mine. The Tribunal: Who is the friesd? Give us his name ?—Applicant: That has nothing to do wifh the case. The Tribunal: You refuse to give his name, then ?—Applicant: I hold that it is not neces- sary to answer. The Tribunal: If you achnit that you have been iniSited. and if you will disclose the name of the friend who filled it, we will give you an exemption.'—Applicant: The foii?i"-z, my opinions, and I undeerstand it all; and I shall abidè by my convictions. Application refused. He will appeal.

WIWI MENTION THIS PAPER 19" WHEN YOU BUY!

I Tonyrefail Notes. Tribunal, There were a large number of applicants for exemption from military service at the Coun- cil Chambers. Pontyclun, on .Friday. March 10. The- Tribunal was composed of the District Councillors, with Mr. Godfrey Clerk chairman: Mr. Wm. Spickett, Cleric; and Mi-. Gomer Morgan, formed" surveyor for the Council, as military representative. Although the circular issued by the President of the Local Govern- ment Board advised and urged that an adequate re-presentation of Labour should be appointed, this Tribunal has man- aged to free itself from such an obstacle to its mal-adminisfcration. It is fortunate for Labour that it is not represented on such a ridicul- ous body. To report the proceedings of the Tribunals as it occurred with the procedure, questions, answers, embarassment and com- motion would require a genius, and Avou.la result in the eternal shame of common decen- cy. The only alternative is to giv i, some slight and vague impressions of the greatest fa-i-ce of modern times. One went to the Chambers with a sense and feeling of respect- and rever- ence towards British administration of law and justioe, but returned with strung and shat- tered nerves—as if one had been to the Ciiain- heir of Horror. If it was only possible to con- vey to the public mind, by any other means than being present to witness such an absurd,, i idiculous and nonsensical proceedings. the people, out of sheer sense for the least respect to themselves. would not tolerate for one single moment such an insult to their mean- est intelligence, it was evident that the mein- bers of the Tribunal that sat at the proceed- ings did not understand what was going oil., Some of them strolled in leisurely to suit their own convenience with an attitude of indiffer- ence as if it mattered not what was going on. To be subject to the judgment of such apa^ tliutic persons, one iieels despondent as to the hope for the future welfare of the human race.. It would be preferable to suffer punishment at the hands of intelligent men than to be sub- ject to the consideration of such men. There were about 16 applicants claiming total exemp- tion on conscientious grounds. Not one of them was considered in the slightest degree as such,, and one applicant: asked, 'What do you con- sider to be a conscientious objector" was an- swered by the Clerk, "We cannot say," and by another, We do not knoAV." These are the men appointed to judge the issue ci life and death of their fellow-man. One member of the Tribunal asked the Clerk What was the meaning of non-combat-ant?" The Clerk an- swered. "A man who will not join A regi- ment With .a. second attempt to answer, the Glerk said, A man who will. not join a fight- ing regiment." An applicant, claiming exemp- tion on the grounds that he was the chief support, of his widowed mother's business was- asked whether his father was alive. Another applicant, asked if he had any parents, ap- plied No." and immediately afterwards was asked if his mother was alive. The applicants, were so many that it was evident that their presence embarassed the members of the Tri- bunal. The Tribunal were so advanced in matters of conscience that they did not take the- trouble to ask one question concerning such. All the questions that they asked were; Have you any depend- citts ? -[-!a %-e you any brothers? And are they of military age? Have any of them joined the 'irmy? Do you belong to any organisation? When did you join, and when was the organi- sation established?" The Clerk did almost all the interrogation, and the military represen- tative slumbered in idleness. One applicant was asked if he had any brothers, whether they were married or single; and after- an- sAvering that his brother was single, was asked. "How many children has he?" And thus the, way the modern" Casey's Court" Inquisition, proceeded. Thefre were several cases tried in. camera. And it is best, in the public inter- est. that such a proceeding should be kept in. the dark, ior such is brought about by the powers of darkness. Applications for absolute, exemption on conscientious grounds were ab- solutely ignored and refused. The most hopeful, sign of the proceeding was that one of the members of the Tribunal sat at the table read- in the news sheet, "The Tribunal," issued by the N o-Conscription Fellowship, which was give* to another member of the Tribunal. It may he hoped that he received some benefit by reading it. Pit-Head Baths. A most; interesting and edifying paper om Pit-Head Baths was read ny a- member of: the Pioneer League at the last meeting. All, present were astonished at the possibilities af- forded. and within easy reach of the miners, of such a beneficial installation. It is surpris- ing how little is known about this question am- ong the miners. If the particulars and pro- visions made in the Coal Mines Act, 1911, with the benefits derived from such a source, were only better understood, the miners would not rest content until they enjoyed the benefits of such The Ocean contingent came to the conclusion that the only serious obstacle to the adoption of "the system of Pit-Head Baths in this country was prejudice born of a complete lack of understanding of their nature and Avorking. The League intends to get a, supply of pamphkts on Pit-Head Baths. So look out and get one. Women should especially get one.. They can be purchased with the PIONEER. As Emrys Hughes recently stated, Con- scription is revealing things." The latest brought to our notice is an invalid from birth, and suffering from epileptic fits daily, in which the patifent frequently becomes maniacal; Avbose broken leg, caused by a fall during one of these fits, has been in plaster of Paris for a period of three months, and only a week since been taken off, has been notified to present himself at the recruiting offices under tli3 Military Service Act. There can be no doubt that Lord Derby means to justify his imaginary figures of 650,000. by whatever means he only knows. The latest interpretation of Christian love, as taught by some ministers of the Gospel, can be judged by an expression of a, local minister, who stated that he could love his enemy whilst killing him. Christ said. the old command- ment says, "Thou shalt not kill," but I say. "He that hatdh his brother is a murderer already."

j PRINTING SENT TO PRIVATE COMPANIES means Profit for Individual Owners. When WE do your work, the Profit comes in the PROPAGATION OF SOCIALISM AND TRADES UNIONISM, Think it Over! Think it Over!