The Abergavenny Mail

SPORTS AND PASTIMES I An invitation has been received for British officers to attend the Interrational Horse Show to be held at The Hague from June 23rd to 23th. The names of officers desiring to take part should be submitted through the vsual channel not later than June 10th. Captain E. D. Miller, who has done so much for English polo, haes undertaken the management of the polo section of the 'Panama Pacific ^Exposition of 1915. It is a gratifying announcement to all those who have the interests of the game at heart, says tthe Ref eree. It is a piece of good fortune also for the powers that be, for Captain Miller, in his long association with the sport. ■fox's proved himself a master in the matter of organisation. Perhaps his gifts are largely due to his wide experience. He has played polo nearly everywhere in the world where .polo flourishes. This polo carnival must be a .great event. It may lay the foundation for An international polo contest under much -wider conditions than those represented by the Anglo-American Cup, and it would be greatly to the interests of the game, in --world-wide sense, if it did. Men and women gymnasts to the number of 3,€00 took part in a national gymnastic (display at the Crystal Palace on Saturday. They marched from the Palace to the foot- ball ground, where Admiral Sir E. R. Fre- mantle took the salute. Two thousand one hundred women gave a splendid massed dis- play of free exercises. This was followed by set exercises by men and women. Two hun- dred societies, gymnasia, and classes took part in the display, which was watched by a very large crowd. A world's record rifle score was made at Bisley on the long ranges, 800, 900, and 1,000 yards, on Saturday afternoon. There was a splendid light and no wind, and Mr. W. F. Willey, of the Stock Exchange Rifle Club, totalled 102-a highest possible of 35 at 800 yards, 34 at 900 yards, and 33 at 1,000 yards. Mr. Winfield Thompson holds a high opinion of Shamrock IV. He feels confident, eaya the Times, that she will prove faster than any of the three American craft, and the Asne of the races next September will depend largely upon time allowance, which will be a much more important factor than in previous contests. Mr. Thompson arrived in this country recently from America, and is in the unique position of having seen all the Ameri- can defence yachts as well as the challenger. Should Resolute, the Herreshoff boat, be chosen as defender, she would claim probably about nine minutes' allowance from Sham- xock IV. over the thirty-mile course, on ac- count of her small canvas spread. James Paddon, the Australian sculler, who will meet Ernest Barry on the Thames for the world's championship, is expected to arrive in this country this week. Within the last year Paddon has placed two triumphs to his credit. On the first occasion he beat Felton for the championship of Australia, and on the second he was much too good for Barry's old .opponent, Dick Arnst. In fact, Barry and Paddon are the only scullers who have ever defeated Arnst on level terms. The chal- lenger for the title is a giant in stature. He is 6ft. 3in. in height, and built in proportion, though there are those who say that, from the point of view of symmetry, his arms are unduly long. But even these critics agree, eays the Evening News, that this will not in- terfere with his effectiveness as & sculler. Colin Bell, an Australian boxer, is over in this country for the purpose of meeting Bom- bardier Wells and contesting for the heavy- weight championship of the British Empire. Articles have also been signed for a match with Carpentier, but the date has not yet been fixed. It is Bell's ambition to meet Jack Johnson and endeavour to wrest from him the heavy weight championship of the world The professionals who will. play the first tennis match on a court made of plantation rubber are Messrs. H. Cowdray and C. Hierons. This will take place at the Agricul- tural Hall, Islington, on the 24th of this month, after the opening of the International Rubber and Allied Industries and the Inter- national Cotton, Fibres, and Products of the Soil of Tropical and Sub-Tropical Countries Exhibitions. Dealing with the present conditions under which the Lawn Tennis Championship is played at Wimbledon, the editor of Ayres Lawn Tennis Almanack" points out the baneful consequences of playing three cham- pionship events. It may be urged," he adds, "that players are not obliged to enter for three events, or even two. But if an event be termed a championship it should be held at a time and under conditions when the players most worthy to win the title are not handicapped by their exertions in other events." The author remarks that neither the public nor the majority of players de- mand the holding of two championship meetings, but what they jointly desire is a revised scheme which will make for fairness all round. A prominent, and not altogether satisfac- tory, feature of this year's golf championships, writes Pharamond in the Beffree, is the lieavy wagering which has taken place in con- nection with them. It. is very difficult, of course, to say where the line shall be drawn, and there does not, on the face of it. seem to be anything less derogatory in a turf accoun- tant circularising golfers, and, presumably as s* hnll-nv-rk of respectability, mentioning that he is a member of certain well-known golf clubs, than in a member of a recognised pro- fession competing in the championship and opening a book on it. Systematic bookmak- ing, imported into any form of athletic sport, ■lias never yet accomplished anything but liarm, and there is no good reason to suppose that golf would prove to be an c-xccptidn ft the rule. At a largely attended meeting of the com- mittee of the Staines Amateur Regatta, held at the Staines Boat Club, it was unanimously decided that the regatta, which is one of the oldest on the Thames, should be continued from 1915, provided the. Thames Amateur Rowing Council can be induced to fix a suit- able date on which the regatta can be held. It is hoped, therefore, that the Council will seriously consider the advisability of meeting the views of the Regatta Committee. A Lancaster correspondent sends the follow- ing remarkable story: Mr. W. T. Charlton, secretary of tho Lancaster and District Ang- ling Association, has had an unusual experi- ence whilst fishing on Blea Tarn—the largest of the Lancaster Corporation reservoirs. He liad hooked a small trout, and was abort to land it, when it was surldenlv seized by a large trout of five or çix rtoivrls in weight. The .x ;In w e-Ig h t The large fish seized the s^nller ore bv the middle r-cl 1.}<1 it as a tavrier would hold a rat. JTrenhiailv it n off with it" wev, and Mr., VII I to, let "t line, s reeling vn v. Wh»n he got a ight of the larce fi"b he fouid it hnd swallowed the smaller rino. Ire played it wjtl1 the view of landing jt. Wh'D drawn fr)- the ?We. however, it dis- fto~^ed its prev. but immediately re"t.tneked it, f-rl r, In-,Idl off r-itli the mall fi^h. Again r. Charlie" fat out lilne. and in d'le course drew in. the big fish had orce the fish. :1 rrr;¡,r, "1-.1>,1 it round the re-^rvnir town-<? the inlet i" the hope that fforr.nnrp on th-, road would come to his :a"+."I" Tn the pniirpf of tn" contest-, nearly 'wo hours, the big fish fcotterl f"" smaller on" fmr or five times, and pr, qn-d M- <ld eit-he7* hook it or ;+ Tim "111" ,1, w" nlrrost torn to {I, Tiip kf/r stamps of the J f Scr'1'1- V Vv r> mTil 110"tM::In and f fboth of whom had a good view of the large fish.

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WORK AND WORKERS. I The Board of Trade gavg notice on May 6tli, 1914, that they proposed to make two special orders under Section 103 of the National Insurance Act, extending the provi- sions of Part II. of the Act (Unemployment Insurance) to workmen employed in the fol- lowing trades: (1) Repairing works of con- struction, other than roads and the perma- nent way of railways; (2) sawmilling, includ- ing machine woodwork, whether carried on in connection with any other insured trade or not. Objections to the proposed extension have been received, and the Board have ac- cordingly appointed Mr. A. A. Hudson, K.C., to hold inquiries with regard to the proposed orders. The inquiries will be open to the public, and will be held in the Board-room, Central Office for Labour Exchanges and Un- employment Insurance, Queen Anne's Cham- bers, Westminster. The annual report of the Printers' Ware- housemen and Cutters' Trade Union contains the following reference to the proposal that the society should embark upon political action under Labour Party auspices: "We do not recommend that our members should go to the expense of a ballot under the Trade Union Act of 1913, as we are of opinion that the Labour Party has never even attempted to justify its existence in the House of Commons. Our money can be better employed than in financing a Labour Party which, throughout its career, has been the watchdog of the Liberal Party." The Postmen's Federation at Belfast on Saturday discussed a motion to discontinue affiliation with the Labour Party on the, grounds that it had failed as an independent party, and was not representative of the working classes. It was urged that the Labour Members in Parliament ran away from their own amendments to save the Gov- ernment from defeat, were merely poli- ticians, and did not assist in Labour dis- putes. Other delegates warmly defended the action of the party. The motion was re- jected by an overwhelming majority. Labour Courts of Justice were demanded by a resolution of the Dockers' Conference at Swansea. The motion demanded that, in view of the unsatisfactory position of labour eases in the British Courts of Justice, togetliei with class ignorance and the bias of the average Judge, separate courts should be established and special Judges qualified and experienced in labour laws should be ap- pointed. There is hope of a, peaceful settlement of the dispute between the London 'busmen and the London General Omnibus Company, and the officials of the men's unions are advising the men to accept the new terms offered by the company. These terms are to be sub- mitted to the men at a series of midnight mass meetings, the first of which were held on Saturday night. Among the concessionE which have been obtained from the company are payment for overtime, free uniforms, free passes to and from work, abolition of acci- dents club, increase of 6s. for cleaners and 2s. 6d. for washers, provision of free clogs, minimum wage of 34s. for conductors for a week of six days, and Y.2 a week for drivers. One of the first-fruits of Mr. H. W. Thorn- ton's ruling of the Great Eastern Railway is that he has arranged for a train to leave Liverpool-street Station on Sunday mornings at 3.40 a.m. to Stratford and intermediate stations to Ilford, commencing on the 14th inst. This is being done in answer to an appeal by Sunday newspaper workers. An official reply on behalf of the men to the statement published by the London master builders charges the employers with eteliberitely cancelling all agreements with the building trade unions without notice, al- though these agreements contained a clause stipulating that six months' notice should be given." On the question of wages, it is urged that even if the advance demanded by the men were granted, the increase in the cost of living has been so great that the men's general standard of living would not be so high as it was ten years ago. The move of the Jocked-out London builders in working out for themselves the contract for the headquarters of the Theo- sophical Society is just one of those things which may make history, says Reynolds's Newspaper. If this job, which had been placed with well-known contractors, and is probably worth :EIOO.ON, is carried through successfully, it will be the finest object- lesson that the building trade has ever had. Why should not the London Building In- dustries Federation find the funds for plant and carry out contracts for the benefit of the workers? The contractor under present ar- rangements is a necessary part of the machi- nery for getting up a building; but he is no more necessary than the mason, and he gets ever so much more for his work. Can the work the contractor dees be done without him? That is tlw. question the experiment of the London building trades worker has got to answer. We see no reason to suppose it will be answered in the negative. The big dispute, with all its suffering, may. yet prove a great blessing. Millions of pounds in wages are wasted annually by workmen in Great Britain owing to their irregularity, and tens of millions of pounds are lost to employers owing to fre- quent irregular holidays taken by their em- ployees." This statement was made to a Standard representative by the head of a great firm of steei construction engineers. It is one of the queer phases of the indus- trial world to-day," he added, that while men are always clamouring for higher wages on account of the increased cost of food and other commodities, few of them are prepared to take advantage to the full of their oppor- tunities. The winter season is the time when men (jeem most inclined to neglect their work, and then a football match proves a far greater magnet than work. When a great mid-week football match is being played fully 25 per cent. of my men will take an after- noon's holiday without even consulting their foremen. The absentees will be from among several gangs, and it. often happens that work in one particular department will be brought to a standstill because important units in the gang are absent. The result is that men who are ready to work have to be sent home and lose wages. These willing workers, who usually are the older men, are angry at being deprived of part of their live- lihood, but they have no redress; nor has the employer. If we attempted to discipline the unreliable men by fines, or made an example of one or two by discharging them, we should probably have a disastrous strike to cope with." In regard to Scottish wages, a resolution was unanimously agreed to, at the Miners' Federation Conference at Westminster, as follows: "That this conference, having heard the report of the Scottish delegation as to the coalowners' demand for a twenty-five per cent, reduction of their wages, which would, if persisted in, bring them substantially below the 7s. minimum rate as affirmed in the Scar- borough resolution, remits the whole of this question to the Executive Committee, with power to take any action they deem desirable, and, if necessary, to call a further conference at an early date with a view to taking national action on the matter." At the National Union of Boot and Shoe Oiperatives' Conference at Northampton there was much discussion on a resolution that the headquarters of the Union should be moved from Leicester to London. By 32 votes to 16, the Conference decided against removal from Leicester. It was decided, among other busi- ness, that neither the old-age pension nor parochial relief should debar the payment of funeral benefit. The British Seafarers' Un.ion has been in- formed by the Royal Mail Steam Packet Com- pany that overtime pay for men in the deck and engine-room departments on the com- pany's liners sailing out of Southampton will be increased from 6d. to 9d. per hour.

THOMPSONS' "Cannafade" ? THOMPSONS' CASEMENT CLOTH. 50 in. wide. iold. per yard. Write for Patterns THOMpSONS. Ltd., Tottenham Court Road, London. ■ e ? —?  =. '"?"  "? ??-  < ?/  ? ?. ? ?..?  -:?- -C ? ..???? .?  ?"'   ?  J H N BUL^ L—'<*• —— J- t;=,7c- -<:<

ACROSS THE TABLR I Was ever such cosmopolitan Derby as that of this year? Mr. H. B. Duryea, the owner of Durbar II., the winner, an American mag- nate who trains in France; Sir Ernest Cassel, the owner of the second, Hapsburg, famous tie a financier the world over; Mr. II. J. King, whose Peter the Hermit was third, a South African mine owner. Maegee, who rode Durbar II., was born in Kentucky, and Murphy, its trainer, is an Irish-American. The horse itself is of English pedigree, being eired by Rabelais, which carried the colours of Mr. Arthur James in many of our big races; and its dam, Armenia, was shipped years ago from England to America, and thence transported to France, where Dur- bar II. was born. No race equals the Derby in the ardour of its devotees. John Scott, who trained sixteen St. Leger and five Blue Riband winners, saw no fewer than fifty-four Derbys, and his fami- liar figure was never once missing from Epsom on Derby Day for thirty-four consecu- tive years. Palmerston saw fifty Derbys, as also did John Gully, the prize-fighter M.P., and James Weatherby, a sporting journalist, who used to declare he wouldn't miee the Derby to attend his own funeral," did not miss the race a single time from 1828 to 1894. Mr. Healy's reference to the privilege of Peeas in connection with the canteen case the other day may be supplemented by the re- minder that it is not in every case that a Peer is tried by his fellows. This is his privilege in cases of treason or felony, but where the matter is one of misdemeanour he has no special rights. Such trials are rare nowadays, the last case being that of Lord Russell ior bigamy. In such trials every Peer, beginning with the junior Baron, has to stand in his place and give his verdict "on my honour." The Glasgow Dairy Company were charged the other day with failing to give a weekly half-holiday to one of their employees engaged in selling milk in the street from a cart, and because the cart was net a shop" in the strictest sense of the term the Sheriff dis- missed the case as irrelevant. So it comes to this, comments the Edinburgh Dispatch, that street vendors may take up their stance on the Tuesday or Wednesday afternoon oppo- site a closed shop door and sell the very goods which the shopkeeper is prohibited from sell- ing. It was contended for the defence that the intention of the Legislature in providing a weekly half-holiday for shop assistants was to ensure their freedom from confinement, but the Legislature in its haste did not reckon with the itinerant merchant, who, according to Sheriff Thompson, may continue to sell when the shopkeeper must cease. A good story of Parnell, illustrating his force of will and his power over his followers, which docs not find a place in the much-dis- i by the editor of tile cussed biography, is told by the editor of the Newspaper World, who was once in the smoking-room of the House of Commons with Mr. Mark Oldrovd (then Member for Dews- bury) when Parnell came in. Now you will see something," said Mr. Oldroyd. These Irishmen in the corner will have to turn out." As Parnell approached the corner he made a sideways motion with his hand, and immedi- ately the four or five Home Rule Members in his corner rose and walked away with- out word or gesture. That is discipline," remarked Mr. Oldroyd. How many of us would have earned this shilling? asks a writer in the Daily Mirror. A Hyde Park orator the other afternoon offered 10s. to any member of his congrega- tion who could recite without hesitation the names of the twelve Apostles. No one ac- cepted the challenge. Then the speaker tempted fortune further—and fell. He offered a shilling for four, permitting only one at- tempt from the whole of his audience. "Mat- thew, Mark. Peter, John," said a wise one- and got the shilling. But before he uttered the name Peter I heard the sound of an in- cipient "L." And the speaker noticed it, too. "I am glad you remembered Luke was not an apostle," he said. "Yes," replied the wise one, pocketing his shilling and moving away, and I'm glad you forgot that Mark wasn't one, either." Then some of the crowd smiled. Mr. Marconi has been recalling the fact that when wireless telegraphy was first mooted the Admiralty authorities of the day expressed the opinion that a range of ten or fifteen miles would be quite sufficient for all purposes. History repeats itself. When, some half a century earlier, the electric tele- graph was invented, the Admiralty of the day showed their appreciation of its possibilities by making reply, when invited to utilise tho new method of communication for naval pur- poses: "We have already an excellent sema- phore system." The late Mr. Herbert Spencer was fond of citing this episode as a classical instance of officialdom's attitude to. wards new ideas. In a few days there will be only one Lom- bard-street in the City of London. Few people probably know that there are two at present. The great centre of banking, of course, is known to all the world; but now many know a narrow court of the name which runs off Fleet street parallel to Bouverie- etreet? No banks are there, but a bricky monotony of printing establishments. But the London County Council now proclaim notice that this street shall henceforth be known only as a lane. «

George mrrett, twenty-eignt, a carman, of Heme Hill, who felil off a bar between a trac- tion engine and a trailer in Newington Butts, and was run over, died in St. Thomas's Hospital on Saturday. Sir John Brunner, Bart., who resides at Silverlands, Chertsey, has presented twelve valuable oil paintings of various parts of the riverside town. to the local Urban District Council. For harbouring smuggled tobacco, William Castle, a ship's carpenter, has been fined £69 19s. lOd. and costs, or two months' hard labour, at Grimsby. Revenue officers, who raided his house, found 2201b. of smuggled tobacco in a cupboard. Not wanted in life were the words on a piece of paper found in the pocket of an un- known. respectably-dressedi man, aged about sixty, who committed suicide by hanging him- s.el{ on a tree in a field near Bath. The body had been hanging for several weeks. The death has been announced in Paris of M. Gabriel Ferrier, the well-known artist, at the age of sixty-seven. After getting off one tramcar in Bounder's- green-road. Wood Green, on Saturday, William Joseph Hart, a commercial traveller, of Bedford, was knocked down, and killed by another.

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MARKETS. I LONDON CORN, MONDAY. ENG«6H WHEAT.—There was a steady trade for light offerings. White milling lots ranged up to 37s. 6d., and Rcds up to 37s. per qr. FOREIGN WHEATS.—The market was not very brisk, but the tendency of prices was in sellers' favour: No. 1 Northerns, 37s. 9d.: No. 2 ditto, 37s. 3d. ex ship; Australian. 38s. 9d. Russian, 33s. 6d. upwards; Karachi, 38s. 3d. landed. MAIZE.—There was only a moderate inquiry to report, but the undertone of the market kept very steady, and spot supplies were lisfht: Plate, 27s. landed. QATS.—The market met a fair trade at about late rates: Plates, 16s. 3d. upwards: Cana- dians, 19s. 3d. upwards: Germans, 18s. np- wards: Heavy Russians, 22s. upwards landed. BARLEY.—Feeding and grinding Jots w,,re very firm on scarcity. Canadian held for 23s. landed. Maltinar desvr:ptions were qui"t. but recent prices were fully demanded English, nominal: Smyrna. 29s. to 33s. Danubian, 25s. to 26s. Oregon. ?9s. to 33s.; Indian, 27s. 6d. to 28s. 6d. per 4481b. BEANS AND PF.AS.-There. was a quiet trade at steady prices. LONDON FLOUR. MONDAY. -The market was without activity, but the general tone was steady, in sympathy with wheat: Town-made Patents. 28s. 6d. to 30s. 6d. ditto Country- made. 25=. to 27s. American Patents, 26s. 6d. to 28s. 6d. ditto Bakers'. 24s. to 26s. per sack. LONDON CATTLE. MONDAY.—Beast entries on to-day's market numbered 660, a decrease of 20 compared with last Monday. Trade ruled slow, but prices were rather firmer for fine bullocks: Scotch quoted 5s. to 5s. 4d.; Nor- folks, 4s. lOd. to 5s. 2d.: Shorthorns. 4s. lOd. to 5s. Fat slaughtering cows and bulls met a steady sale, the former clearing at 3s. lOd. to 4s. 2d.. and the latter at 3s. 6d. to 4s. Twenty milch cows offered, and the best were held for .£23 each. Four thousand seven hundred and ten sheep w-re nenm-d in the market, an in- crease of 930. Trade was quiet as follows: Best. Down tegs. 5s. lOd. to 6s. 2d. best half- breds. 5s. 4d. to 5s. 8d.; best Down ewes, 4s. to 4s. 4d.: Lambs, 7s. to 7s. 4d. per stone. Five calves offered, but trade was too small to quote. LONDON MF.AT, MONDAY—Trade quiet; supplies moderate: B-ef. English, 4s. 2d. to 4?. 6d.: American, 3,. 8d. to 4s. 2d.; Scotch, 4s 4d. to 5s.: Argentine, 3s. 6d. to 4s. Mutton, English wethers, 4s. 8d. to 5s. 2d.; ewes, U. 8d. to 4s. Scotch ews. 3s. 8d. to 4s.; t?gc, 5& 4d. to 6s. (d.: New Zealand.. 6d. to 3s. Lamb, English, 6s. to 6s. Sd. New Zealand, 3s. 4d. to 4s. Veal, 4s. 8d. to 6s. Pork, 3s. lOd. to 4s. 4d. per ston, LONDON POTATO. MONDAY—Trade ruled steady for fair supplies. -Quotations: Lincolns, 80s. to 85s. King Edwards, 80s. to 90s.; Kent- and Essex. 65s. to 75s.; Blacklands, 60s. to 65s. per ton: Jerseys, lis. 6d. upwards; Guernseys, lis. upwards; Canaries, 10s. 6d. upwards per cwt. LONDON PROVISIONS, MONDAY.—Butter steady: Danish, 112s. to 116s.; Normandy, 100s. to 116s.; New Zealand, 100. to 116s.; Irish, 96s. to 110. Australian, 96s. to 110s.; Russian. 96s. to 100s. per cwt. Cheese steady: Canadian, 60s. to 70s.; Dutch, 56s. to 60s. per cwt. Bacon dull: Irish, 60s. to 78s.; Conti- nental, 50s. to 74s. per cwt. Hams steady: American, 68s. to 80s. per cwt. Eggs quiet. BRADFORD WOOL, MONDAY.-The local market in wool and tops continues most dis- appointing. The small business going through is in merinoes and fine era"brods, and here full prices had to be paid; but in other de- scriptions there is nothing doing, and prices are only just about steady. Users of English wools are waiting the new clip. There are numerous complaints from spinners about the paucity of business and the unprofitable prices.

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AGRICULTURAL NOTES. I BY A PRACTICAL FARMER. I PIG FOODS COMPARED. The fact that particular food materials are in constant and general use does not imply that they are being employed to the greatest advantage, and we cannot have too many demonstrations intended to show to what extent it is profitable to use any foodstuffs. The Irish Department of Agriculture has re- cently carried out some instructive experi- ments in the feeding of pigs at a number of centres in different counties to test the rela- tive values of such materials in everyday use, as potatoes, barley meal, and maize meal. In one set of experiments the value of potatoes was compared with an equivalent in maize meal and pollard, one pound of meals being reckoned equal to four pounds of potatoes, so that instead of a daily allow- ance of 81b. of potatoes each pig receiv- ing no tubers had its daily share of meal increased by two pounds. The result was I' a slight advantage in favour of the meals, the cost of producing one hundred- weight live weight being on the average 27s. 3d. without potatoes, and 29s. Id. with potatoes. Opinion upon the quality of the pork was also slightly against potatoes. The potatoes were charged at the rate of JS2 per ton, so that, according to these investigations, this price may be regarded as the highest price at which potatoes can be fed to pigs with ad- vantage, unless the other foods are corre- spondingly dear-maize more than £7 10s. and pollard more than £ 7 per ton. On the, other hand, when the market gives less than 40s. for potatoes, they are to be recommended as a food for pigs. On the basis of this and other experiments the Department estimate the value of potatoes as a food for pigs at one-fourth the price of meal. » BARLEY OR MAIZE. I In other experiments barley meal and maiae meal were compared. The meals were the only food of the kind in the ration, and about the same quantity of each was given along with potatoes, swedes, separated milk, and, in one instance, linseed cake and table refuse. In a period Off 100 days the average difference between the two lots of pigs was only three pounds per head live weight, which was in favour of the maize-fed pigs. The barley meal was charged at X7 per ton against JE7 10s. per ton for maize meal, and the cost of producing one hundredweight live weisziit increase was 25s. 6d. and 25s. 10d. for the barley and maize respectively. The former also gave slightly the better quality pork, but the difference was not sufficiently pronounced to affect the selling price. The result of these experiments indicates, therefore, that maize is worth about 10s. per ton more than barley meal as a food for pigs, a difference that must not be overlooked in selecting foods that are to yield the greatest possible profit. It is interesting to notice that swedes proved to be, a poor substitute for potatoes, the pigs making slow progress, scarcely gaining a pound per head per day. • # ♦ THE COST OF SWINE FEVER. I The most serious cost to the farming indus- try involved by the continued prevalence of ewine fever is the great inconvenience caused by the hampering restrictions. The result of that is that pig breeding in some dis- tricts has gone quite out of favour, and breed- ing sows were rarely scarcer. It may be that this represents a loss of revenue to British agriculture a little short of a million pounds, though some people say it is even more. But swine fever also causes a direct expen- diture by the State of a vast sum of money which is badly needed for the development of the industry. A statement has been issued by Mr. Runciman, President of the Board of Agriculture, showing the cost incurred in the execution of the Diseases of Animals Acts in respect of swine feyer in Great Britain. In the financial year 1913-14 the number of re- ports received was 15,281, and the number of outbreaks confirmed 2.901. Compensation came to £ 82.932, and the cost of administra- tion to £ r' n33. The receipts from salvage were £ 27,7, S8 that the net loss was £ 120,178. This sum—only one year's expenditure- would be sufficient to erect and equip in full working order six bacon factories, each capable of dealing with 500 pigs per week. Or it could be spent in providing pedigree boars in pig-breeding districts. Instead of any such productive use, it is spent on a disease which it fails to check. It would be a far-sighted policy to make a tremendous effort to stamp out the disease, even if it cost twice or three times as much. Seeing that numerous pig-keepers are able to boast their complete freedom from it, there must be some means of controlling it, and the duty of the authorities is to spare no efforts to find out and adopt those means. THE APPLICATION OF LIME. I A question addressed to me by a reader as to the best form in which to apply lime may be answered by a reference to the valuable experiments, extending over eight years, which were carried out by the Agricultural Department of the Lancashire County Coun- cil. They showed that ground limestone is more effective and is also cheaper for appli- cation to meadows than quicklime in lumps to be slaked and spread or ground lime. There was a money loss of 14s. 2d. per acre from the use of ground lime in the eight years, while the gain from the lump lime was only 4s. 2d. per acre, whereas the limestone gave a. profit of 27s. 7d. None of the sums is great when spread over eight years, but the total difference on a large acreage would be worth considering. • • • VARIATION IN COWS. I There is a great variation of the quantity of milk yield, not only among certain cows, but also with the same cow from year to year. To get reliable data, a large number of re- cords have been made in the United States to overcome the varying influence and find a fair average. Out of a total of 239 of care- fully-compiled records it was found that nine- tenths of the cows made their best records during the first ten weeks of lactation, and that over one-half made their best records during the first month. '1'1", first week is calculated beginning four d after calving, thus making the end of tho first week eleven days after calving. It wad shown by the experiments made that the greatest number of cows made their best milk flow the third week, while the best butter pro- duction was made in the second week. From the results obtained in this test, it may be taken that the second and third weeks of a cow's lactation are the best, and there is not ) much difference between the two. A cow, it I was concluded, reaches her highest produc- tion of butter-fat at an earlier period than I she does her greatest milk flow. PRESERVATIVES IN CREAM. I Some confusion exists in the dairy trade owing to the fact that no regulations have been made defining the amount of preservative which may legally be added to cream before it is sold. Five years ago Dr. J. M. Hammill, one of the medical inspectors of the Local Government Board, made a report in which lus recommended that 17l iymin. to thp nnnnd 01 uoracje acia mignt witnout injury to neaJta be added to cream during the cooler months of the year, and 28 grains to the pound during the months from May to October. Representations have recently been made to the effect that an alteration of the regulations is desirable, and an expert committee has jusi been appointed to consider the matter. It is to be hoped that their ree< •nn:?nca- tions will be made without undue delay and quickly be given effect. Tlic use of scrupu- lously clean vessels and also of milk coolers is the only satisfactory way of giving milk products a maximum length of life. For the period 1909-12, inclusive, legal pro- ceedings in respect of cream containing added preservative resulted in convictions in seventy-four cases. Of the seventy-four samples of cream in question twenty-one eou- t-nite.1 less than -25 per cent, of boric acid, thirty-nine samples contained between aI,t per cent., and fourteen between '5 alio "075 per cent.

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