The Cambria Daily Leader

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I JR. "?f?  x30  I Edition.

A SPLENDID STAND  » j ALLIES' DOCCED DEFIANCE. 4friMAN SOLDIERS SHOT BY 6FFICEBS '¡ WHEN FORCED TO RETIRE' DISPATCH FROM THE FRONT. The Press Bureau issues the following: descriptive account which has been! communicated by an eye-witness .present j with the General Headquarters, and continues and supplements t'n- narra- tive published yesterday of the '.rtove-J mswts of the British Force and the! French Armies in immediate touch with it with it. November 1st. Friday, October 30th. witnessed the re- newal of the, efforts against our right, but without success to the enemy. In the centre the bombardment was heavy. In- deed, so many shells fell round our posi- tions that the telephone wires were fro-, quently cut. The attack in the direction of Ypn's generally was renewed. South-oast of that town it was pressed in great force, and in places our line was again forced back a s hort distance, but on our left the oncoming Germans were stopped by our entanglements under close rifle tire, and after two efforts to advance gave way. On Saturday, Oct. elst, the most deter mined attack was made upon our left and left centre, the pressure being specially severe against our centre. The enemy did not advance against our right. They were not nearly so active as farther north. So far. with the assistance of tin: Ftouch, who ha^e been co-operating most effec- tively, we have succeeded in maintaining our line and in retaining possession of I Yprps. upon the capture of which by the end of October the Germans had set their heart. Desperate Fighting. As may have been gathered, the fighting of the past the days has been of the most desperate nature. It has been eminently a soldier's battle, and, without exaggera- tion. or any undue self-c.ongratulation, it can be 'aid that our men have behaved splendidly. In the face of heavy odds and against the repeated onslaughts of great masses, continually replaced by fresh men, and backed by the a lmost continuous fire of an immense concentration of guns, they- have, by their dogged resistance, well upheld the reputation of our army. Heavy as have been our lossls, we have <:iken far heavier toll from the enemy, and han' prevented them gmning the ohjpd upon which a)l ?heir energies hare been concentrated. Not oiil our troops have maintained their traditions, our French allies havej been fighting with all the dash for which they are famous, and from all accounts] at Dixmude and at Donga, Yser they made a name for themselves which willj never die. The Belgian Army bus likewise re-1 pitied the furious onslaughts of the enemy with the utmost gallantry. German Soldier's Statement. I The German troops also, have won our respect for the way in which they have advanced. Whether it be due to patriot- ism or the fear induced by an iron dis-  cipline. the fact remains that they have steadily pressed on to what in many case", must obviously "have been certain death. That they are sometimes forced to go is shown by the following answer to an interrogation put to- a wounded prisoner. "1 belong to — Company of—th Regi-I ment ot Division of the -th Corns. Ii was embodied in October, 1913, on mobi-j lisation. The weakly and those backward in training to the number of about 60 per company were withdrawn from the active regiment to form the nucleus of a reserve regiment, which was completed by Badeners and Wurteinbergers belonging to the second ban o fthe Landweir. We re- ceived new field grey uniforms, and after ten weeks of hard training we travelled1 for three day? and two nights from I Thuringia up to Achial (1). where we rp.1 mained in reserve. We were told oii i- nearest enemies were the English. On I October 17th and the next day we per-j forme d such fatiguing forced niai-elies that many men fell out on the road. On October 19th we each received 285 rounds of ammunition, and had Ollr first I' taste of fire. Altlioligli we were told there were only franc tireurs in front of us, I saw French cavalrymen and no other foes. From this day onwards the battle was un- interrupted. On the (lth my section re- ceived orders to go forward to atta("k ami the oSicers warned us that if we ?ave way 1ire would bo opened upon us from behind. Shot from Behind. "This threat was carried into dTpct I when the losses we suffered compelled us to retire. Indeed, it was by a German bullet that 1 was wounded. Having fallen i on the ground, I remained between the! lin?vithout food or care for two days, at? Ow end of which I dragged myself to all ruined house. "During the wh?f of this time the| (,'PTDIan whi?--li were short, were! faUin? about mv shpl?r, some IJ\lDdrer!8¡i ni na;es from the French l'nes these hav- ing advanced. On October 21th I mysAlfl moved forward. called out, to a passing patrol and surrc-p-dered. We have received no distribution of food since our arrival iii France. The commandant of my company was a reserve lieutenant, 28 years of age; the colonel, whose name I don't know, also belonged to the resrve, as did all other officers of the regiment. The officers told us if we fell into tb hands of the French we should be sent to the Foreign Legion, and certainly should be massaered by Moroccans. I only saw one man shot. He was a priest, who they Faid was a spy." Result nf Inundation. The results of the inundation to the north of Dixmude have been observed by I our aviators. who have seen numbers of the enemy corrected in groups on the d3rkes which iiiterseet the flooded area where, ac wording to report, some of the German gCeniinged at Jøqt. of next tØlp).

IBAGK TO BRUGES GERMANS FORCED TO A RETIRE. r TO-DAY'S TELEGRAMS FROM THE CONTINENT. j IMPORTANT MOVEMENTS BY THE ENEMY i Amsterdam, Friday.—The Telegraaf learns from Sluis that the Germans have retired from the Yser and that the Bel- igians are occupying both banks of the j river. Th,Ð.s v.Mlage to be avacuated by the Germans was Stuivekinskerke, and the troops fell back thence to Bruges. A battle is going on in the triangle, Dixmude-Roulers-Ypres. Many inhabit- ants of Bruges are leaving the town and are flying to Holland. MORE WORK FOR OUR AIRMEN. PrÐSS Association War Tei«granu.> Paris, Friday.—The Journal to-day declares that the Zeppelin works at Fried- richshaven are now turning out dirigibles every three weeks. (Press Association War Telegram.) flushing, Thursday.—The Cermana have issued a ne? proclamation prohibit- ing ail persons from approaching the I waterways between Bruges and the <oast. Trespassers are warned that they may be shot. Heavy guns have been mounted on the sand dunes along the coast front north of Ostend to the Dutch, frontier. Trenches have been island. Further rein forcements have readied the German lighting line during the pre- sent week. I MORE PROCLAMATIONS. (Press Association War Telegram,.) Amsterdam, Friday.—The llandels- blad leains from Antwerp that the German autLuu'ities in Belgium are issuing more proclamations. t Th??r?.t threaten" to punish severely j 1 all those who p!tM down the proclama- tions. The second proui?cs twenty marks (lHs. 6d.) to everyone who ginJ np the !hrprr:Jr-hl'H:k of a HeJgian gnll, though if is believ(,(l fbiit all' wpi,e I (11.'3tr()ypd by the Hptpia? gunners before they left the gnns. The third regulate* the sa tpof nCW8- papers. No passports ar? issued at Ant- werp for Malines, Ghpnt or St. Nicolaas. r Young men between the ages of eighteen and thirty are not allowed to leave Ant- werp. The same paper reports that yes- terday's mailborit from Flushing was stopped by the Dutch military, and fifty Belgians of military age, who wanted to ijoiii tlik- army, were A REMARKABLE EXPERIENCE. (Press Association War Telegram.) Paris, Thursday.—Further details of the second German occupation of Lille are now available through inhabitants who succeeded in escaping and crossing the Geunan lines. A Jesuit, who wis anxious to go to Dijon in order to enlist in the Army had an extraordinary experience, lie leHLille during a thick fog. and crossed the Belgian frontier, and then, partly on foot, and patt1." h,v railway, managed to reach Holland, where he took nasr-age to England and tlWll burked for France. F/cfugee'. say that what struck them mos^ when thp Germans occupied the tow.) wa, tlw att. of exhaustion of the tloops anrl thPI r horst^s, some of the men being so tired that they went; to sleep in the middle or the street. However, a few after, fresh troops arrived, hut con- sisted or either very young or oLd men. I A Terrible Awakening. I Thp,' had been told that France WM completely bf?at?. 4liat P?ris h?d snn?u- dered, and that they were going to take part in a review to be held by the Emperor. Their disillusion began when they heard the roaring of tl)p. guns, and were told that they were at Lille and not. Fans. Some ol, iheni cried, saying that if they were sent into the firing line they would surrender at once. On the other hand, the German oiffcers were much im- pie.ssed at Eoubaix and Toureoing of many men of robust appearance, who had either bee-n exempted from military ser- vice or had not been mobilised, as they thought that France had called ont all iiieii between eighteen and fifty-five. COLONEL MARCHAND HONOURED. (Press Association War Telegram.) Bordeaux. Friday.—A large number of officers and men are mentioned in Army orders for gallantry i rt tlw fipld Among these are Colonel Marchand. of Fashoda fame, who. although wounded, would not allow himself to he carried off the field until the end of the action, and con- tinued to encourage his men; Captain Manger, of 'the Aviation Corps at Varonnes, who devised an iugsnious appliance for dropping heavy bombs from aeroplanes: and Pegoad. the aviator, who has displayed exceptional coolness and sangfroid since the beginning of the war, and bad bis machine three times riddled with bullets. I MINE IN THE SET. I (Press Association War Telegram.) An Ymaiden telegram says the Dutch I tlugger, Flevo, which has arrived there, hauled up a mine in a net off Lowestoft. While the crew were trying to remove j the mine it exploded, and the skipper and mate were hurled overboard and drowned. j PRUSSIAN PRtHCE WOMD. ( Amsterdam. Friday.A telegram from! German sources confirms the news eon-1 faitiod iii "Telegraaf" that! Prince Joachim Allxrt of Prussia, 801 of the former Prince Regent of Bruns- wick, na.<: been wounded in the western I _tJieai.ce ui war.

ANOTHER RUSSIAN j SUCCESS. I I RE-CAPTURE OF JAROSLAV 500 P3I5GNERS TAKEN. I AUSTRIAHS RETREATING j A Reuter's Agency telegram from Petrol igrad says thai news has been received in j Lemberg ot the recapture of J a ro-i av by ilie Russians, who took 500 prisoners. The message adds that the Austrians are retreating along the River San. Jaroslav, or Yaroslaf, is the capital of! one of thp Russian governments, or j administrative districts, on the Volga, 173! i miles X. L of Moscow. It has a popula- tion of 70,W)0. [Note.—Earlier news of the Russian I campaign is published in another column.] A THANKSGIVING SERVICE. I (Press Association War Telegram). Pet-rograd, Thursday.—A "To was celebrated at the Main I leadquarters' lof the Russian ATmvhwhiv in the pn' sence ot the Tsar, the Grand Duke i ?nceof H)p Tsa". the Grand Dnke? ?x.-hclas.tho Imperial S?lh'. and the i entire General hlff as a thanksgiving fol- tl!(, tllat tlio ai*e re-i treating along the entire front in Galicia. ————— AGREED TO DIE TOGETHER. Y0UH5 SOLDIER AND HIS GIRL-WIFE. f At Belf^ ord Police Court today, Private1 Donald Anderson, aged If), of the Gordon Highlanders, and his wife. LrxxieAnder- son. aged 18, were charged with attempted suicide. The Town Clerk, who appeared to prose- cute, said there was a pat hetic, element in j j the case. About a month ago the female! prisoncr came from Scotland to Bedford to he nearer her husband. A statement' by the latter showed that on .Tuesday, in. consequence of certain orders received, lie: thought he might be sent to the front. The lim-o an agreement to die together, j sooner than be parted. After going to a I picture palace 011 Wednesday, tite ii pli, walked along the river embankment, and shortly after midnight a resident in thei neighbourhood heard screams. Going to the spot, he found AndersonI holding tit) ItiF. wife in the river. She was; in a collapsed condition. The Town Clerk said they did not wih i to go any further with the charge against I the woman, and as the military authori-j ties were willing to take back the husband, I he was quite willing for that course to bej adopted. The wife was Private Anderson was detained, awaiting an escort. AN AERIAL ADVENTURE. CERMAN AVIATOR'S EXPERIENCE.  (Press Association War Special). j Paris, Thursday.—A letter from a Gcr-; man anat01' to his father, which is puh?j Ushed here, relates a th)-!)tin?experieucei which bei'el him in Belgium. In company I I withl1ir-; pilot 1,?? st?n'?cd nn? morning to ma?c a reconnaissance in the direction of 1 Sedan. Ou-ing to rain clouds he was obliged to descend to a, height of 3,000 j feet and came within range of t1w Fr???hJ 6re. The pilot wa$ ??Ufd. and with !n?'! 'motor stopped the machine slowly j descended in a volplane. Reaching over his dead companion the writer vamtv tried to steer the machine i hack to the German, lines, b?t wa? him- I self wounded. A sudden eddy brought! jthe aerophone to the ground in the enemy's !lines. The iviat?r. who was thrown out. i i was immediately surrounded by French soldiers, but drawing hisr;oh'er. he brought down three of them. He was I about to be transfixed with a bayonet when an officer who had come lip called out, Don't kill him. He is a brave man." He was thereupon taken prisoner and his wound was treated by French surgeons. Later he succeeded in escaping during a sudden attack. I SULTAN IF PERAK, The Secretary of State for the Colonies has received a telegram from the High Commissioner for the Ma1a v States stating that he had intervicvpd thf fh.ü-¡I tan of Pcrak. who desired to repeat what he said to his Majesty the King when, asj ?I)rin(!e ci Wales, he paid a visit to Singa-? pore—namely, that "as long as the sun jand stars shine in the heavens he will look to no other country, hut adhere to I I England. The Sultan will. after seeing! other rulers of the Federated Malay States, issue a proclamation jointly. I DECORATED ON THE FIELD I (Press Association War Telegram.) I Paris. Tliiirsda v.fn the course of his I visit to the armies of the north, M. Poin- care handed the Cross of the Legion of Honour to General Lrval on the battle- field. The Prpsid?nt had a long conver- F, I -'nerals Fooh, Maudhu' and Castelnau, and warmly congratu?tpd jthem. expressing his admiration, and en- tire confidence in them and their heroic troops.

I I SWANSEA BATTALION. Enrolled: 760. To Enrol: 340 When Are YOU Coming Along? Give the Men at I the Front a Rest! J

FOOD PRICES SI!LL i RISING. a- AUSTRIA HUNGARY is GRAVE PLIGHT. DESPERATE EXPEDIENTS OF THE QUAL COVHiNMtNT. ———— I (Press Association War Special). Venice, Thursday.—The Austrian and Hungarian Governments ara both making | desperate cHorts to prevent any further! increases in the pric? of food. Thci Austrian Ministry recently directed that after the 1st December bread should contain at most npt more than 70 per cent, of wheat, Hour, or rye meal, while the remainder might consist of barley, maize, i or potato meal. 1 A decree further prohibits the practice of exchanging or returning stale white bread from the restaurants and cafes. In order to prevent any waste of flour, the Government has now ordered the mills to restrict the quantity of finest grade of flour because the milling of these pro- I duces a much smaller percentage of flour from the grain. In Hungary all the efforts of the Govern- ment to restrain the cupidity of large landed proprietors in demanding ex.)i-- hitant prices for their grain have so far failed, and the Ministry has now warned ] agriculturists that -is will be taken to import flour from America. In the meantime the military authori- ties havo taken more decisive action by requisitioning larg<^ quantities of lfour and paying considerably below the market prices. The consequence is that nIP grain trade in Hungary is now completely at a standstill, as dealers arc. refusing to take the risk of losing heavily at the next requisition. Since the military must have more flour soon, the whole situation is becoming very acut e, and it is expected that th(T Hungarian Cabinet will shortly be forc-d to take very drastic steps to settle the question of grain and flour prices. i THE GERMAN LOSSES:1,750,000 A QUARTER OF THE KAISER'S REAL ARMY. Mr. lIilaire Belloc estimates the German losses up to date at a million and three- quarters. He arrives at this figure by a series of scientific calculations in his cftWiW,fejask r i<a«d and Water." I know," he writes, that the figure j looks slartlingly large, but the various | by which it is arrive d at are not, 1 t hink, open to criticism. It would be. easy by a little manipulation of to make out very much larger totals. I have attempted, on the contrary, to fix the lowest conceivable minimum." The figure of 1,750.000 includes losses hy sickness (illness, fatigue* and accidents); the strict German losses in the field -.men hit and caught-he puts at more than a million and a quarter. "These losses." Mr. Bellor declares, a have almost up to the present day-up to within the last two weeks or so-fallen in the main upon the trained troops of the enemy, and with particular severity upon his body of officers. This loae of iiearly one and three-quarter millions (at the very least) which has already fallen for thd most part on the trained army and the equal untrained mass behind has fallen most heavily all the first and best. It comes to more than a fifth of all the two possible categories combined; more than a fifth of those who can ever make real soldiers, and of these more than a quarter of the first line." "There," he concludes, is the chief military feature of the struggle at the present moment. Of all available material for anything approaching a true army, a quarter Tias already gone. KAISER'S NARROW ESCAPE. R08M DESTROYED BY BOMBS FROM ABOVE. ("Timos" Telegram per Press Association.) In Northern 1 ranee, Thursday.—Fur- ther details are now available of the Kaiser's narrow escape from death from bombs thrown by an airman attached to the allied army occupying the line ïeu- For five days the German Emperor was present at the operations on that front, and it was because of his presence that the. enemy made such persistent and vigorous attacks on the allies, regardless of enormous sacrifice of life. Last Sunday the Kaiser, with some of his A.D.C.'s, arrived by motor-car at a tavern at Thielt about .5 p.m. Apartments had been reserved for the Emperor, and dinner j was ready for him. His personal baggage j had already been deposited in a bedroom prepared for him to spend the night. He was in a hurry, and did not dress for dinner, but immediately sat down to dine. After the meal, instead of going to his room, he hurriedly left the tavern with two of his aide-de-camps, and motored to the end of the town, where fresh rooms were engaged. Twenty minutes after the Kaiser left the tavern six bombs fell upon the building, and the room where his baggage lay was completely destroyed. Two aide-de-camps who had remained at the tavern were killed, and a motor-car lying in the yard wa.s wrecked. ——— ——— FOa THE 6TH WELSH. Subscriptions towards providing neees- J saries of various kinds, especially for men of the 60th (Service) Battalion Welsh Regi- ment, are invited. Those received are :— 1 Shilling. Swansea Press, Ltd 200 M:? or 7Lirris 1(H) Ma 1 or ::s p'ki)' ] ¡ Capi • Alfred T!wma (Chid' Con- stable) 21 Swansea Staff ol the Royal Liver Friendly Society (per Mr. A. E. Matthews) 21 Three Bics .í Anonymous 1

i I The Council. j A meeting of tho Swansea Council was j held this afternoon, when the appoint- < meats of the borough electrical engineer and the borough surveyor were die- j crussed. A fall report will appear in our j 6.30 edition. j i Betting: 11 to 8 on Wassilisea, 2 to 1 "TCTL- 3 LIAil GLTNN, 7 to" 1 Chantemerle. i I I  | i i I Svvinsea Mercantile Co., Ltd. 18, PARK STREET. SWANStA, JIAKE CASH ADVANCES DAILY from ilo to £ 1,(Kil). No Charge Lnie«>t> .business iiuue. iiuls Discounted. Strictly Private and Confi. dential. For further particulars apply- rt. o. JONtS. iji-i ectur. D 0

TO-DAY'S WAR 1 NOTES. (Special to the Leader. ) I (Special to the" Leader.") Friday Afternoon. I nPA.KLX all round, to-day's war news is satisfactory. The Allies are not dt ing it all their own way, it is true- no one is so silly as to expect it-hut whilst the Germans have made a few slight advances here and there, those ad- vances are absolute Kadmean victories. They were won at tremendous cost, and are of n" use whatever. To the per contra account we have to place several items. The AlHes have won several ad- vantages, for one thing, whilst the Ger- man attempts to gain certain points have failed completely. Try as they may, they have sot broken through the Allied lines, and seem as far off getting into Calais as they were several weeks ago. As a matter of fact, this policy of keep- i ing the enemy back is the best for us in the long run, so far as present operations', are concerned. It is beanngthe Germans in thn'c ways at once. It is defeating them in their efforts, it is wearing them down in every possible respect, and it is demoralising their troops. THE Germans have at last officially admitted the complete failure of their attempt to drive a gap through the fighting line ot the Allies between Xieu- port and Dixmude. This admission, when taken in conjunction with the French official statement that the Allies are making H marked progress in the direc- tion of Gheluvelt. in effect rings down the curtain upon the German offensive operations round Ypres. The enemy are bringing very strong reinforcements to hear on this point, but unless they can smash, up the forces which are driving a wedge through them in the direction in which marked progress has already been announced they will find themselves thrown hilek again upon the inundated area on the right bank of the Yser. TJiNLESS something unforseen occurs within the next day or two our chances of complete success seem better than ever. In other words, two out of the three desperate efforts which have been made to crumple up the left wing of the Allied armies will have definitely tailed. It is difficult t0 know how much faith mav be placed in the reported orders of the 'Kaiser to nis J generals operating in this quarter to take Ypres at any sacrifice—but it is not easy to exaggerate the gravity of the peril to which failure in Western Flanders will expose his troops fighting further south. .No sacrifice could be too great to secure a German victory at this point. THE reports of,j,l)(.„fi^»Ua#tMnd the La Bassee-Armentiers region are very ague, but the information which comes through tends to show that wlwe the enemy are not on the defensive they are slowly but surely retiring. The Ger- man Headquarters claim a modified suc- cess here, and experience has I"hOIY1I 1 that Gci man Headquarters Communices should be treated with respect. It is pos- sible. therefore, that some severe fight- iing will tase place before the pressure is I taken off in this quarter. The fall of Line may be a matter of some time yet (but in the end it is inevitable. Every' | yard of ground gaifted by the Allies in Flanders is bringing the moment nearer, anJ when it conies we may expec t a d(>- termined advance along the whole Jighi- ing line of the Allies from Verdun to Xieuport. d nai- ,) l a(,tivifv of renewed naval activity of tlw enemy in the North Sea cannot be ;cons;dered apart from the militarv i situation in J ranee. It j" as closelv i connected vvii-ii t I, t, fighting there a U;^a(:1,yity of our own Xaw off the Belgian coast, though perhaps a little less directly. The one chance of a suecessfuI issue to the present operations left to the Germans lies in the abilitr of the enemy to prevent the arrival of fres], | reinforcements from England and th- British Colomes. The German mind from the beginning has failed to understand the Bntish character, and it is believed that | the serious threat of a hostile invasion I wonld suffice to keep our existing forces j cnained down at home. The threat of Dunkirk and Calais in hostile hands has failed. The naval demonstration off the coast of Norfolk has been less successful still. The appearance of the German squadron off the Yarmout h roads has shown us that a fast squad- jron of small vessels can suc- cessfully elude the blockading flppt I iand reach a point some seven or eight miles off nnr coasts. But it has also demonstrated the fact that if that fast and light squadron has serious work to do it will have to get it done in twenty minutes. I 'THE news from Va!pariso is less satis- 1 factory. For some time there has bf?n reason to fear that the raiding cruisers in South American waters were about to con- centrate, and this movement appears to have been successfully carried out. Ade- quate measures have been taken to meet the new situation, and though the pre- sumable loss of the Monmouth is annoy- ing, it will have no effect upon the ulti- mate result. IpHE announcement that the Konigs- x berg has been put out A action has already appeared in the | Press. There therefore can be no harm in stating that this cruiser,' the destroyer of H.M.S. Pegasus, has been driven to hay, and while her de- struction has not yet been effected, her power to inflict any further danger is gone. and her actual capture, though it may be delayed some little time, is com- pletely assured. I?US.Q,TA'S adi-aiiec, in Poland is beco.n- ing more pronounced every day, and there are indications that what we anticipated a few days ago will soon be [accomplished. The Russian troops are massing in great force on the Warta, 1 pressing against the Austro-German main armies, whilst to the South, the Austrians nre finding the opposition to them more "Ian they can bear, so that their hold upon Galicia is getting to the extreiiiity of weakness. New* from East Prussia [also is not favourable to the Kaiser, whof-e troops a"e again tieing beaten back. "TEAX'WHILE the state of affairs so I fTlr as Turkey is concerned are shap- ing themselves. It is a pity that (he (Continued at bottom a1, next ooiumn.) nations that have done most for the Sultan I\n now obliged to resent his in gratitude by declarations of war, hnt he bag given far too much provocation for some years past, and the action of England and France this week was quit" unavoidable. Within the next few days we shall hear what the Balkan States are likely to do, whilst Italy cannot now remain an impa.s.5in spectator vtry much longer.

heavy artillery is bogged. Our fintors have also been able to harass the ad- vancing hostile eol ums by bomb-dropping and machine-gun fire. The tactical transfer of trops behoind the German front line is now carried out to a great extent by motor omnibuses, of which long strings are visible from above. During the past few days large nura- bepi of refugees have been streaming back along all roads from Belgium and crowd- ing into empty trains returning from the front, upon which French bave mozit humanely allowed them to travel. Tn these whole families may be seen jostled in horse trucks, together with what few household goods they have been able to carry away. The less fortunate have to trudge the roads, making use of any shelter they can find. The inhabitants of the district within our zone of operations also line the roads from morning to night, listening to the sound of the. guns, there being nothing else for them to do. As the dull roar waxes or wanes, so does confidence die away or return, and in such alterations of fear and hope is each weary day passed. All this traffic to and fro of civilians entxUs the utmost vigilance in orii- .0 guard against egpienafijet