Papurau Newydd Cymru
Chwiliwch 15 miliwn o erthyglau papurau newydd Cymru
16 erthygl ar y dudalen hon
QUARTER SESSIONS !
QUARTER SESSIONS SWANSEA RECORDER URGES ijllWK I DISPATCH. The Epiphany Quarter Sessions for the Borough of Swansea were opened at the Guildhall oa Monday morning before the Recorder (Mr. Ivor Bowen, K.C.). The Mayor (Aid. T. Merrells), wearing his insignia of office, occupied a seat on the Bench at the outset. There were six cases in the calendar. Ald. Evan Evans was chosen foreman of the Grand Jury. In his charge to the Grand Jury, the Recorder said there was nothing of t difficulty that he could see in the fact-s of any of the eases. He would, however, draw special attention to the case of two foreigners who were charged with using certain premises for the purpose of gaming by means of the clown" and other machines of a similar type. The trial of these men would give rise, no doubt, to some very interesting questions of law—whether these machines did pro- vide a game of skill or chance. If the Grand Jury thought there were sufficient facts upon which the Court ought to pro- ceed with the trial, they would return a true bill. I hope you will 6end the bills along as quickly as possible," said the Recorder in conclusion, as in these days the despatch of public and private busi- ness is equally important." The First Case. Frederick Ellery (33), litter, pleaded guilty to stealing a suit case containing a drees suit and other articles of wearing apparel, together with a diamond and pearl tie-pin, a woollen muffler and an opera hat, of the value of £27, the property of the G.W.R. Company, at Swansea, on April 20th. He also admitted a further charge of stealing a gold chain and pen- dant, value E3, the property of Thomas Aubrey Morgan, at Swansea on September 22nd. Mr. Clive Lawrence, who prosecuted, said the suit case was deposited at the G.W.R. Station by Mr. Price. Prisoner was arrested at Sunderland in November on another charge. Detective-Sergeant Johnson stated that prisoner had served numerous sentences for felonies, and had just come out of prison after serving a two months' sen- tence. Prisoner came to Swansea in Feb- ruary, 1915, from Abertillery, and left about September 2nd for Sunderland. While at Swamea he worked in munition works at Morriston. The Recorder: What wages was he getting at the munition vroxks? I know they get princely wages. Prisoner, in a written statement, said be had tried to reform during the past 16 months, but during a momentary tempta- ion be ieg. I know my past is black, he said. "That is where it is difficult. A man is always judged by his past, and can never live it down." The Recorder at this stage called Detec- tive Francis, tbe officer engaged in the case, before him, and congratulated him I on his very good work." Addressing prisoner, the Reoorder said from what he knew of munition works, lie had no doubt prisoner was getting ex- travagant wages. It was unfortunate th-a,t there was no institution under the Ministry of Munitions where he could send him to work for nothing. Prisoner had had a shocking career, and he was a confirmed and expert thief. He would have to go to prison for 15 months' hard labour on each indictment, to run con- currently. Sentence Deferred. I Rose Huntley (22) pieaded guilty to I attempting to commit suicide by jumping in the North Dock at S-anæa. an Nvem-I ber 27tth, Mr. Mervyn How?I, who prosecuted, said ? was a dibera ad. and prasoner said she would do it again- Mr. GnSth Jones, who repreeented Honttey. said a Child' of hers died just before this occurrence There were 23 previoos convictions against her. Prisoner promised the Recorder she wouid, not attempt to take her life again. .The Recorder cksferred his decision for enquiries to he made. Subsequently, Ilisa Tucker, court mis- sionary, offered to take the girl into Owm- donkin Sketter, and sent her to a home later, whence sh e could go into service. The Recorder agreed, and bound prisoner over in the eom of 25 to come up for judgment if called upon Led Away by a Woman. I Si chard King (2:3), seaman, also pleaded I guilty to attempting to commit suicide by cutting his throat with a razor at Swan- BOO. on Or 11-th. Mr. Griffiths Jones, who prosecuted, said it was clear King was under the influ- ence of drink; at the time. Mr. Marlay Samson, who represented prisoner, said he was a trawlerman by amupation, and was the son of very re&- pectable people at Milford Haven. He Jaad been in hospital for several months, aad was still in a erirfcical cxmdition. Prisoaer's father said he was prepared to take him home, and look after him ¡ until he recovered. The Recorder aaid he did not see why he should shield anybody in this case. Prisoner had been intimate with a Married woman named Martha. Charey. I The Recorder (to prisonet): You are not the first young man who has been led I away by a woman, who, I have no hesita- tion in saying, is a perfectly worthless woman., and to some exfceot she is morally refqwosibta for the position you find yowr- self in to-day. She is aai older woman than yourself. In tending prisoner and iris father over iR the sum of £16 to come up for jndg- merat if called upon, the Recorder warned King to keep away from this woman.
MOTHER! If YOUR CHtUrs TONGUE…
MOTHER! If YOUR CHtUrs TONGUE IS 1 COATED, II Cross, Feverish, Constipated, Bilious, and Stomach Out of Order, Give "Catiforia Syrup of Figs." A laxative to-day saves a bilious child to-morrow. Children simply will not take the time from play to empty their bowels, which become clogged up with waste; then the liver growg-gluggish, and the stomach is disordered. Look at the tongue, mother! If coated, or your child is listless, d't eat heartily, or has a cold, sore throat, or any other children's ailment, give a tea- ftpionful of California Syrup of Figs," then don't worry, because it is a perfectly harmless does, and ia a few hours all this const i patio n-jjoison, sour bile and fer- menting waste-matter will gently move out of the bowels, and yon will have a healthy, playful child again. A thorough inside cleansing is ofttimes all that is necessary. It should be the first treat- ment given in any sickness- Ask your chemist for a bottle of Cali- fornia Syrup of Figs," which has full directions for babies, children of all ages, and for gn--UP6 pladnly printed on the bottle. Look carefully and see that it is made by the California Fig Syrop Com- pany." All leading chemists sell Cali- fornia Synip of Figs" at 16. 3d. and 26. per fcpttle. Refuse substitutes.
G.W.R. BOLL OF HIRCUR I
G.W.R. BOLL OF HIRCUR I A Ron of Honour has just been placed on exhibition at Paddington Station con- taining the names of 294 members of the Great Western Railway Company's staff who have lost their lives in the 'war. Many of them were called upon to par- ticipate in some of the fiercest fighting of the 4camraign, they upheld the best traditions of their eouatry, and their loss is deplored alike by the Company and their comrades. Up to November M last, 14,788 Great Western men had joined His Majesty's Forces, or 18 per cent. of fh? Company's staff. It is iB?B?ed to &xMbit a cimilar Roll a? Hoøo.u at all the principal stations on ø system.
Advertising
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RHEUMATISM? RUB ACHINC JOINTS…
RHEUMATISM? RUB ACHINC JOINTS t Rub the Pain Right Out with Small Bottle of Old" St. Jacobs Oil." Rheumatism is pain only." Not ono case in fifty requires internal treatment. Stop drugging { R?h Booth i ng, penetrat- ,;top St. Jacobs Oil" directly into pain- ful, tiff joints and muscles and relief conies instantly. St. Jacobs Oil" is a harmless cure for rheumatism which never disappoints and cannot burn the skin. Do not grumble and go on suffering. Get a eixi .'11 hottle of St. Jacobs Oil" from your ciicmist, and in just the momenT you use it you -will be free from rheumatic pain, soreness, stiffness and swelling. u St. Jacobs Oil" has cured millions of sufferers from rheumatism in the last half century, and is just as good for sciatica, neuralgia, lumbago, backache and sprains.
GORSEINON SERGEANT FALLS.
GORSEINON SERGEANT FALLS. Mrs. Hall, of Libaiitts-ter., G o r s einon, has received official intimation that her husband, Sergt. Percy .Tames Hall, of the Royal Horse Artillery fell in action on Dec. 1st, 1915, in Persia. The deceased, who had 10 years' service to his credit, was previous to the war stationed in India. They were drafted to Persia about twelve months ago. He was 23 years of age, and leaves a widovr and four children. Mrs. Hall will be rt>membeTed as Miss Beatie I Barider, niece of the late Mr. and Mr's. Llewellyn Evans, West End Hotel, Gors- I eino with whom she lived.
MENTIONED IN DISPATCHES.
MENTIONED IN DISPATCHES. Col 'Sergeant-Major E. Gallop, of Neath ibbey, who, as already relx-ri-efi in the) I of Wales," has been mentioned in (dispatches. He is very well-known in the dis- trict, and his friends are pleased to hear that iie has been so conspicu- ous in the field as to be mentioned."
[No title]
I ] Brevet Lieutenant-Colonel H.S.IT. Prince [ Alexander of Teck, 2nd Life Guards, was on Monday night gaaetted temporary j brigadier-general
HOT A GAMBLE
HOT A GAMBLE INTERESTING CASE AT SWANSEA QUARTER SESSIONS The Recorder (Mr. Ivor Bowen, K.C.).' was called upon at the Swansea. Quarter SescioBS on Monday to give his decision, withl regard to the legality of the use of certain alleged gaming machines know a as the Clown," Pickwick," and All- win," at places of public resort. There were two cagee for trial. In the first case Martha Randell (63), newsagent, 179. liigh-street, was charged with using her premises -for the pwrposo of unlawful gaming, and Antonio Vitto- netto (32), commission agent, was charged with assisting in the business, and alter- natively with a,iding and abettng in tho commisson of the offence. They pleaded not guilty. Mr. Marlay Samson prosecuted, and Mr Llewellyn Williams, K.C., M.P., ahd Mr. K C M.P., 'ia'bd ]Ar. iTrevor Hunter defended. Some legal discussion took place at the outset. j Mr. Samson indicated that he intended to proceed under Section 4: of the Gamins Houses Act. The Recorder: This is not a prosecu- [-ion. under the Betting Act, and there- fore, the Liverpool case does not apply. In the course of further discussion, the- Recorder told the jury he wanted to H clear the pitch before we start." Mr. Marlay Samson said the judicial authority had not altogether determined, the point as to what should be, or should not be left to the jury to decide in thbao ca,<;es. The Recorder said it was for the court to decide as to what was unlawful gaming. t but he was not bound by that. yoll can1 be quite sure, Mr. Samson." he said. 'that if I can put it on the jury I shall, because they are better judges of these machines than I am. (Laughter.) Tha position is this: If it is a prosecution, llDder the Gaming Act. and there is some :kill involved, in the words of Lord Justice. Vaughan William?, then it does not coma I within the Act." All the judges (he proceeded nad differed about this kind of case. If there was more than a scintilla of skill in the gtinic, then he thought it was not unlawful. ,-Air. Marlay Samson That is not tha decision in Vezey v. Turner.. The Recorder: I expect, whichever way I lecide you will take it somewhere else. ivlr. LI. Williams: I don't think my friend can. The first witness called was Dcrecti vo liubb, who repeated the evidence he gave at the Polioe Court recently. Mr. Marlay Sampson witness to give a demonstration on the machine—iv Clown "—for the benefit of the jury and Court. Do it slowly," he said. The Recorder: If you do it slowly doe:n't it affect the game? (Laughter). The detective tried five times altogether, and once succeeded in getting a reserve ball. Speaking of his and Detective Francis's visits to the female prisoner's shop, wit- ness admitted that the net result of otk* visit was that they won nine.pence for twopence. Detective Francis won threa times, then lost, and gave np. (Laughter). He saw over 200 attempts made by boys, i and most of them were unsuccessful. Detective Gubh admitted, in reply to( the Recorder, that he did not caution] prisoners at the shop before charging; them with the offence. The Recorder From now. police officers who do not warn and caution people who are likely to be charged with an offence will find it very unpleasant if I have deal with them. This is not a criminal! ca.se, but in criminal cases it must be understood that the principles whiclu have made our law a fair one must ho: carried out. I don't think there is any blame personally at all in this case, lt? the system is wrong. The officers in this! rase et?rted by saying it. was an untaw- l'nl g:1ntA. iwhieh h.u,.diffr Mr. Justice Scmtton, and then they ^a and af k questions which are not apt plicabie to unlawful gaming. Mr. Samson: Do you say this evidemoef is improperly obtained and not admuW j, ?, I- m,i)?r-operly oIL)tained and not a d m i The Recorder: I don't say it is improper evidence, but 1 Eay it is an undesirable I praeticf>. I think the evidence ie ad- missible. ¡ Dùtectiv-3 Francis, who corroborated; Detective Gubb's evidence, also hadi several tri es with the machine in the losing five times and winning on the sis:!» The net result was a loss of twopence, bu he had the reserve ball left. Cross-ex ami ned, he expressed the opinionf that it was better to keep the clow a stationary on the off chance of the baVL< falling into the cup than to move tt. about in the attempt to catch it. In hi^1 view it was a, game of mere chance, a t he had not improved by practice. Mr. LL "Williams, for the defence^ I argued that in every game there was lin; element of chance, i nr I ndinó H'n the( Io-lorious game of crickei." The )1Mnt ur ?his case was whether there was more tl)a? a scintilla of ek'U r?uired in order to I make the game a success. His instructions were that extraordinary success attendedi tho efforts of those who were expert and] skilful. Lilv Hughes, mar nod woman, 7V Bantist Well-street, called by the defence, said she had been very successful with ihe machine, and had emptied the slot several I times, which meant at least 12s. She tried her luck in court, and won once onu of six attempts. The Recorder, in directing the jury, said many judges of the High C-wir; magistrates, and other tribunals had'beca discussing this mo chine for some time, and all torts of opinions were held aboufc J its legality. The jury had to ask tlroni- i selves whether, in that particular eo-p, there was ev ickmee that it was an unlaw- ful game—a gam cf chance. If, on the 1°'(>1' a.nd.h th( jurv found there WM; ?iH involved in the use of the mac'uuc, a:.l that that kill was nhy those who could work it proiscrly, then h? w? bound to tell them that m ms opinion, it was not" an unlawful ga-be, whatever the consequences jxught lie. After a brief retirement the jury re-, turned a verdict of not gUnty, I Prisoners were discharged.
THE NEW HOMf SEeBET ABV -I
THE NEW HOMf SEeBET ABV The King has approved the apporiotment; of Mr. Herbert Saraued to be Home Secre- tary in succession to Sir John Simon,1 resigned.
[No title]
Two locks on the Thames aro in 1 of the wiras ni the lock-keepen* who have —— J
EVACUATION OF CALUPOU i
EVACUATION OF CALUPOU i AMAZING ACtilEVtlStNI OF THE BRITISH I News of the complete evacuation of the I GalLipoli Peninsula was conveyed in the following dispatch issued by the Press I Bureau iaie on Sunday night:— Press Bureau, Sumiay, 9-15 p.m.— General Sir Cha.rlœ Monro rep orts that, the oomplete evacuation of the GaihpoU Pen?asuia has now been succes-4ully i carried out. j Ali guns and howitzers were got away, I wich the exception of some 17 worn out guns, which were blown up by us before I leaving. Our casualties amounted to one British rank and file wounded. ) There were no casualties among the French troops. Sir C. 'Monro states that the successful accomplishment of this difficult task is; due to Generals Birdwood ami Davies, and to the invaluable assistance rendered in an operation of the highest dilliculty by Admiral de Robeck and the Royal Navy. The news of the withdrawal will be re- ceived without surprise, for the abandon- ment of the Suvla. and Anzac positions la?t month had prepared everybody for the eventual evacuation of the southern portion of the peninsula-,tba.t is, every-, body except the Turks. The amazing thing is that the feat was accomplished without loss. On the occa- sion of Anzac and Suvia the Turks were caught napping. Apparently they were still slumbering, for they profited nothing by the previous warning." Last month's operations were described by military experts as the greatest feat of the war." The present accomplishment is an infinitely greater triumph for the Allied military and naval foroes. The strength of the Allied armies is not known, but Sir Ian Hamilton's final dis- patch showed that in August the forces at the toe of the peninsula stood at 23,000 British rifles and 17,000 French rifles. In addition there would be the troops on the necessary work of supply, etc. Everybody lia-s followed the Dardanelles operations with such keen interest that there is no need for an elaborate resume of the campaign, particularly as the whole matter wasrmived by the evacua- tion of Suvla and Anzac a fortnight ago. The following dates however, >«ro of in- I terest .— April 25.—The allied forces landed. April 26.dd-nl-Hahr taken. April 27.-Two miles advance from point of peninsula. April 28.—Astride the peninsula; Aus- tralians at Sari Bair. I May 6.—Allies reinforced; three days' l battle for Krithia begun. I May 7.—Achi Baba heights attacked. May 8.—Battle ends; slight gain of ground. May 19.—Allied advance in southern pen- insula Australians inflicted 7$d0 casu- alties on Turks. June 4.-General attack in southern pea- insula renewed. June 5.—After night engagement at Quinn's Post (Australians' position) net gain of 500 yards. June 19.—Turkish trench captured, lost, and re-taken; 1,000 Turkish dead. June 21.—After all-day battle French took Haricot redouhr and trenches at Kereves Dere; 600 yards Turkish first; line trenches on their left taken in con- junction with British. June 28.—Battle of Gully Ravine; British advance of 1,000 yards on their left. June 29-30.—Strong Turkish counter- attacks repulsed; French captured tha Quadrilateral and trenches south of it. I July 2.—Sir Ian Hamilton estimated j Turkish losses at 5.150 Ulled and 15,000 wounded in four days' fighting. July 4.—Attacks on Royal Naval Division and 29th Division defeated; Turks prac- tically wiped out" by 29th Division. July 12.-After heavy all-day fighting | Allied gain of some 400 yards; night I counter-attacks repulsed. July 21.—Small Turkish redoubt and part of communication trench captured. August 2.-Australian and New Zealand Corps stormed erest of a ridge and im- proved their position. August 6.-Snlva Bay landing. August 10-—British progress reported at Krithia and Anzac. August 15.—Further progress at Suvla. Bay. October 7.—Sir Ian Hamilton reports a gain of 300 yards along the whole centre —four milee.of the Suvla front in the past month. October 18.—General Sir C. C. Monro ap- pointed to the command of the Mediter- ranean Expeditionary Force in succes- sion to General Sir Ian Hamilton. December 21.—Evacuation of Suvla and Anzac. Jan. 7.—Publication of Sir Ian Hamilton's remarkable despatch.
WHY YOU ARE WEARlnC YOURSELF…
WHY YOU ARE WEARlnC YOURSELF OUT I All our life through we are all wearing ourselves out-iiising up the substance of our bodies! Hard, laborious toil wastes > us away quickly, but every expenditure of energy, every moment, every thought, causes some wastage; and this wastage should be repaired hy our daily food, but that is only possible when it is well- digosted. Think, then, of the importance of keeping your digestive organs in good working ordey, especially in the days when we are called upon to give the most that is in us. If for any reason you organs of digestion, the stomach, liver and bowels, fail to perform their functions perfectly, there is no remedy that will so soon restore them to health and vigour as Mother Siegel's Syrup. As a stomachic remedy and liver corrective it would be I difficult to find its equal.
FEWER BANKRUPTCIES ! )
FEWER BANKRUPTCIES ) A return prepared by the Bankruptcy Department of the Board of Trade shows that in the year ended December 31, 1915, the total number of receiving- orders and administration orders gazetted in Eng. land and Wales was 2,41 (i83 in the High Court and 1,928) in the county-courts having bankruptcy jurisdiction), as com- pared with 2,887 in the preceding year and 3,393 in 1913. The following are the local figilres:- Court. 1915. 1914. 1913. Aberdare & Moun- tain Ash 11 11 16 Aberystwyth 1 7 5 Cardiff 23 41 39 Carmarthen 21 17 2C Merthyr Tydfil 17 17 25 Neath & Aberavon 17 27 15 Newport 15 25 16 Pembroke Dock 8 5 13 P o n t y pridd, Ys- tradyfodwg, and Porth 25 50 56 "Swansea 16 30 28 Tredegar 18 17 19
TRADE AFTER THE WAR
TRADE AFTER THE WAR SIR ALFRED iWS WARNING. Commercial war on Germany during and after the war wae discussed in the House of Commons on Monday. The feature of the debate was Mr. Runciman's reply. Wo are mobilising, he said, not merely our military forces, but the whole economic strength of the British Empire, to crush Germany, to cripple her economically, to rain her trade, so that when she is beaten by guns and men, she may not be able to raise her head in another form of war. The Board of Trade is looking ahead. Peace may come very much sooner than some of us expect. There arB signs that the strain is telling on the enemy; sup- plies are running short; the blockade is a reality. Already we are capturing German trade. We must never again depend on Germany for supplies of anything; we had the supplies within the Empire. Treaty relations would not be resumed after the war where they broke off. Even a Zoll- verein of the Entente Powers would bo j established if necessary. No party pre- judices would be allowed to stand in the way. The debate arose on the following pro- posal moved, by Mr. Hewlns; That with a view to increasing the power of the AJlies in the prosecution of the war, his Majesty's Government should enter into immediate consulta- tion with the Governments of the Dominions in order, with their aid, to bring the whole economic strength of the Empire into co-operation with our Allies in a policy directed against the enemy. Mr. Runciman's other points were: He dismissed the idea of Free Trade within the Empire, but not that of a Zollverein. [A Zollwerein would mean some agreed forms of Free Trade between the Allies, with tariffs against the Germanic Power.] After the war we must help our Allies to recuperate. He did not wish to see prolonged poverty in Germany, but he put her at I the bottom of the list and hoped she I would remain there. Never again must we find ourselves without articles essential for peace or war. I We must improve research and educa- I tion. The Government is doing all in its power to ruin German trade and finance. Our contraband list is the longest the world has ever seen. If Germany is not a commercially beaten nation, there never was a beaten nation in this wor ld. The danger is that after the war she will embark on a new economic campaign. Sir Alfred Mond, who took part in the debate which followed, said: We have listened to two very interesting speeches (those of Mr. Hewing and Mr. Peto), but I must confess, after liisteiiiiigl to them with great care, that I am still i a little uncertain as to what exactly is the policy which his Majesty's Government is, to pursue. Undoubtedly all these who. have been thinking about commercial matters must feel the same uncertainty, At the end of the war complicated and dif- ficult problems will arise which will cause many of our preconceived ideas as to the best economic system under which this country can work to be revised. But it seems to me that some very fundamental questions have to be asked, and thoae fundamental questions have to be answered before a real policy can be laid down. One of those questions is how far are any of the steps we are now asked to j take- going to damage the trade of this country and the trade of the empire? Mr. Peto said, I think quite rightly, that it is quite absurd that because we have now, I am glad to think, a party truce that economic questions like Free Trade and Protection should be banae(I SUbjt6: I think that limits our discussions and makes them rather empty. There are a number of people if not in this House, at any rate outside, who seem to have got it firmly fixed in their heads that England has been carrying on this Free Trade economic ey?em for the benefit of Ger- many. and that some of us who have ad- vocated and dclended that system have done so apparently for the benefn of Ger- man trade. That is a mcst extraordinary delusion. England adopted this system and has carried it on for her own bene- fit, and if anyone can convince a Free Trader in this country that it would benefit us to drop this system. I cannot imagine anyone who would be ready to continue it. The considerations that are put for. ward now are not economic considerations at all. They are the economic reprisals otf war, and not economic considerations. I can well understand that the country might be inclined to support a policy setting out with the iiloo of keeping down German commerce, and. especially Ger- man ehipping after the war, which might have uneconomic effects upon this country. But let us be clear as to what the effect of that upon this country is going to be. Wheo we had a debate sometime ago the President af the Board of Trade was urged by some of my friends to establish a Select Committee of this House to consider some of these ques- tions, and I am sorry that that request v/as not acceded tü. These are sorae of the very fundamental questions .of policy which I think such a comm-ittee would hove to consider. The bon. gentleman (Mr. Peto). in seconding the resolution, very Tightly reo marked that he could not understand why Germany commenced this war, be- cause she was economically obtaining all she wanted before the war. That is per- fectly true. Itot does anyone still im- agine that the poricy of those in GeT- many who started thI s vr ar is upon economic consi-Jera-ti-L)iie P The'people | who started this war in Germany, and the people who are carrying it on, are the people who have the greatest con- tempt for the trade and commerce of the German Empire. They are people who, for years past, have spoken of the Ger- man export trade as a parasite which ought to bs suppressed. They are the people who ev:>.u to-day I notice in Gar- man publications, are saying that after the war Germany ought to have no im- ports and no exports. They are in fact the fine Sower of the German Protec- tionists and the German agrarians- Any- one who has followed this question with any intelligence know,, that the German ambitions which have caused this war are racial and imperialistic, and. not economic. The hon. member for Hereford (Mr. Hewins) who has been studying certain secret proceedings which have taken pl&oe in Vienna, very fairly stated the views of those who took part. May I j point out that this is really only one I section of the views of the people who are carrying on this war. Even the Con- gress and the views they express have already creeted endless trouble. The Prime Minister of Hungary, for instance, is by no means ready in aav way to agree that Himgary shill become a kind of eoonosM^annex to the German Empire, and fi%t.t,kc,d for a greater measure of protection against his neighbour, Austria, than existed before. In Austria, the manufacturers are by no means pleased with the idea of being swamped by the infinitely more capable manufacturers of the German Empire. Therefore, many of these resolutions will probably remain as pious expressions of opinion. One of the things that has struck me in reading German publications in regard to the war recently wtv- an expression of the opinion that i1: is quite im possible for Germany to annex Belgium because that woukl biioe Belgium into the German J r Zollverein, and create iuch a competition with the German heavy metal industry that the German manufacturers would not put up with it. So the problems, even of the Central Powers, are by no means easy and by no means straightforward. I have spend, a little time recently read- ing a number of German publications as  to what they ?re nghting for, and what they want after the war. If ever a nation, was entirely confused as to the objects of this war, or what it is going to obtain by the war, it is the German nation. I have read a very interesting pamphlet by one eminent gentleman who said the whole object of Germany is to endeavour to drive the Slav further back, and he had a great: s&eme for seizing a large part of Russia, sending the Russian population to Siberia, and colonising Russia with Germans. In that way he would elimin- ate the German imports and make Germany a self-sustained empire. I The next em merit professor was all in favour of the Far East. Germany's 1 main object, according to him, was to get Mesopotamia. Then Herr Ballin, head of tho Hamburg-Amerika Line, say-s that Germany's future is on the sea. That the other side vehemently deny. All this shows that the object why Germany is at war is not as clear to the Germans as it is to the Member for Hereford. Vhcn it j comes to making peace there will ba a! greater difference of opinion as to what is the light policy to pursue in that country than is at present apparent. The han. member who introduced the resolution made some remarks about the metal i;idustry, and that is one of the reasons why I rise to speak. There has been a great deal written and said about the German control of the metal industry, some of which is true and some of which is exaggerated. The bon. member re- ferred to the nickel industry of our Dominions, particularly in Canada. I happen to be interested in that industry so I know something about it, and I may 6tate what is the absolute fact. To my knowledge no German syndicate, no Ger- man firm and no German capital has ever had any kind of interest, much less con- j tral, in the large nickel deposits of the, Dominion of Canada. Those deposits lia,e a curious history. They were first offered to the British Admiralty by the Ontario Government as an important matter for imperial defence, and promptly rejected—(laughter)—the usual thing for a Government Department to do. The next exploit was made by a well-known firm of metallurgists in Swansea., who took up some of the deposits there but were unsuccessful with them. A third attempt—a successful attempt—was made by an American gentleman in the metal- lurgical trade in New Jersey, who managed to find a process. The fourth attempt, and the only British attempt, was made by the company of which I happen to be chairman. Although Ger- mans have at various times looked about prospecting, I think I am right in saying that there is not a single renning or smelting works in that part of the world that is in any way owned by a German or a German firm. ij But when you come to the Australian 6melting field, you come to a very serious problem. Why did the Germans get control of the Australian smelting in- j i dustry? Because they -were the only people to work out a process which j made those ores any use at all. No j amount of legislation and no amount of i tariff jugglery, and no amount of treaties will ever assist you to deprive the Ger- j mans of those advantages unless you will technically improve your metal trade and utilise your ordinary sources. Those re- sources in Australia have been developed by German ingenuity and German chem- ists, ajod if they had not been so devel- oped. the ores would simply have re- mained lying in Australia, as they have lain for years before. Therefore you i must realise that fact, and the Govern- ment must devote much more attention to it in future than they have done in the past. It is no use occasionally paying a little lip aervioe to the development cf technical industry or science. The amount of money that we have de- voted to scientific education compared with Germany is perfectly ridiculous. Three-qrarfcers of the German success in I export industries, I am convinced, is not so much due to clever arrangements of; (arifTs and schedules, or to the negotia tions of diplomacy, as to their technical and financial skill. There is another ,oc,.r,t wi-ilch I think should be touched upon in this connection. Our whole I English banking system is one of the great barriers k English industrial dElve-II lopment. I know a ca?e of one of the largf?t power schemes ever put up in South Africa, with British engineers and British firms ready to take on the contract and carry it out. But it did not come to them. It went to Berlin, and the reason was that tlio Deutsche Bank was willing to take £2,¡)\I.G.COO worth of the capital, which no bank in Ulis country would do. Until our Governr! cut puts forward some simi- lar institution like tho Deutsche Bank so as to enable our great institutions to carry our schemes in foreign countries, we would not deprive the G-srmans of I the economic advantages have. Italy has been mentioned. I happen to know Italy pretty we ll, and I know a good deal about her commercial condi- ¡ tions. What is the reason thpt the Ger- mans have such a hold in Italy? It is entirely a question of firancri. There is scarcely an electric tramway in Italy which has not been financed by German capita!. All that could have been had in this country. We could have supplied the electric tramways. The Italians would much sooner do business with us than I with the Germans. We could have put up all those systems if anyone here would have financed them. And if wo are really going to play that part which we ought to play in the trade of the world, that is one of the most essential factors whieh should assist us in that object. I think the question of shipping is one of, tho greatest important, and one -which will t require very careful study. I do not think there is any abrogation of anyone's Free Trade principles in favour of the sub- sidisation of shipping lines or anything else. As a matter of fact, from the economic point of view, it is just as un- sound for you to obtain tho advantages of such sibsidisation from foreign Govern- ments as it is to build up industry behind the Protectionist wall of your own Government. I would be prepared to support o Government which vi-ould eay it would not allow our ships to be driven off any trade route by otiter shipping lines which were J receiving subsidies which made real com- nicrcial competition, impossible. There: is. however, one point we must guard, against, and that is that if you assist! shipping in British lines, and are not ] going to control fii-e freights those lines j charge, you may find yourself in the! position that you will lose your explirt trade by having very high freights. There is one thing I wish hon. members to re- member. and that is that after this war you ought to turn your eye across the Atlantic to the United States, the one; really dangerous competitor of British: trade in the future, and not to Germany, which after the war will be exhausted,; both in. capital and men. I am not at all frightened by the idea that Germany is' going suddenly to flood the world with its products. I think that nation will have lost productive capacity enormously, both in capital and men. They must begin to import before they can export, because they will be so short of a large number of essential things—war materials, like cotton, wool and other things which are essential to them. before they can export at all. C bal(; i6 on-- at all. That is one of + great financial difficulties Ti-Yieh jow, ahead of I them. America. witlhle*- t be in that posi- tioii. They will have money; they will l piobably have built up a considerable j mercantile marine; and they will have [ an access of population caused by emigra- j tion to a prosperous country. Whatever we do, we must be careful not to cut off our own nose to Bpite somebody eloe's face. In other words,! you must be careful not to damage your j own trade in order to damage that of i Germany. I hope I will not be mis-1 understood in saying that. Our own trad! will require very careful nursing, alter all the heavy burden of taxation, in com- petition with America. It will probably bo necessary for us t.o take steps, whicn we may think economically unsound in I order to tio ourselves and our Allies closer together. But those steps should be taken with a very clear vision of what we are doiul. I observe that some free traders, both in France and Italy, are looking forward to iorming what I may call a freer customs union after the war. Mr. Hewins says that you could not sud- denly switch off the entire fiscal system to other eoancries, although a good; many of us would be delighted to me a freer customs union take place. Still Chancellors of the Exchequer will require money, and very few Chancellors of Exchequer will be ready to give up auy sort of revenue after the war in order to assist the start of any new system. But a great deal, I think, can be done. Yoa could adopt within this Empire more uni- fied systems of all kinds. It is a great pity that the Dominion of Canada has got a different currency sys- tern from our own. If wo could have a uniform currency system it would be a matter of great importance. There are ma1\Y paints of that kind which it would take too Jong to go into at present. But no prejudices, no echoe c, of former controversies, should stand in our way iu approaching any of these subjects. Speak- ing for myself, I have been rather a pro- tagonist for a certain tchool of economies, and my belief in it is in no way weakened, but I think we should approach any future problems with an entirely open mind. and entirely ad hoc. (Hear, hear.) There arc others who have been prota- gonists of other movements, and may I say that they should not endeavour, under the guise of doing this, to advance pro- jects which in other days they were advo- cates of, and which they have not suc- ceeded in establishing. I hope this dis- cussion will have a fruitful effect, and I hope it will have the effect of leading to thi, that the Germans may be made quite certain of one thing, that no mis- taken kindness to them is going to be exercised either by this House, by the Government, or by the country at the end of the war. (Cheers). If they imagine they can commit unparalleled atrocities, break every rule and law of civilised war. fare, that they can ride roughshod over what everyone has held holy, and that at the end of that, at their own moment. they can come hack and take up their position as citizens, and have the same civil life, or the same trading life as lie- fore, and that their goods would have the same open markets in our Empire or among the Allies, I think they will find themselves rudely mistaken. (Cheers.) I think, without legislation, public opinion and the common assent of the civilised world will place the Germans and their misguided allies in a kind of moral Coventry for a long time to come as those who have proved themselves un- worthy to lie classed among civilised people. (Cheers.) Mr. Mackinder (IT., Camlachie. Glas- gow) agreed with Sir Alfred Mond that efforts should be made to utilise our wealth through the agency of the banking sjfrtam for the development of industry in this country; but he disagreed with the hon. baronet's opinion that American competition was more to be feared than German competition. The whole economic resources of Germany had been mobilised —and would lie agai-fûr the purpose of forging her way amid the competition of the world, and there was nothing com- parable to that in the United States. The resolution was carried without a division at an early hour in the evening.
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