Abergavenny Chronicle

TWO NEW REAR-ADMIRALS. 1 Captain (Cciumorlore, Second Class) Wal. ter H. Cowan, C.B., M.V.O., D.S.O., A.D.C., ahd Captain Philip W. Dumas, C.B.,faC.V.O., A.D.C., have promoted to be Rear- Admirals. tq date August. 15. Rpar-Admiral Cowan was in command of the Princess Royal in the Jutland battle in 1916, and in recognition of his skill and gallantry waS appointed C.B. ReaNAdmiraJ Dumas aerved as Naval Attach^, Germany, Denmark,, and Holi&nd. hom 1906 t,omiliu* lIe was appointed Assistant Director, of Tor- pedoes Rear-Admirals M~arciis R: Hill and Henry G. G. Sandeman, C.M.G., have been placed on the retired list, to date from August 15.

HEROISM IN A FACTORY. The > All^rt Medal has been awarded to Lieutenant Leonard Harper, Cheshire Regi- ment, T.F.R., for gallantry in saving life at an explosive factory. The mixture in a melting pot used f61 refining "high explosives fused, giving off fierce flamea and thick fumes.. Lieutenant: Harper crawled with a hose under the melt. ing pot, which was about three feet from the ground, and. directed water at the flames immediately above him. There was immi- nent risk of an explosion, which would cer- tahtly have killed Lieutenant Harper and caused great loss of life.

"Spraying," says a representative of the j Food Production Department, "clearly pro- teefced Mr. Lloyd George.'s potato crops at Walton-ou-the-Hill." < The Foreign Claims Office, Foreign Office, S.W. 1, is making- a register of all Claims by British' aubjects to property or other in- terests in Russia. > Sir Ratan Tata, 3, wealthy Indian and member of the. firm of Tata, Sons, and Co.. Bombay, of York House,, Twickenham, died at St. Ives, Coruvall. Capt. Cecil Haydn Berry, of the Welsh Regiment, author, and prominent member of "the Oxford Union, has been JtiUed. o.f the Oxfoi-d Union, Ikas been skiuid.

"FAR MORE SERIOUS THAN FOOD HAS .1' EVER BEEN." An official of the Coal Control said on Saturday that the coal situation is the worst crisis at home that we have had to face during the war—far more serious than lood ever has been. "When the Coal Contyoller spoke of a < serious shortage' bc- meant serious." the official added. "The output is 13, million tons 'down in eight months, while the stocks in the hands of the gas and electric com- panies, -of the railways, of the industrial works, and of the merchants who supply householders, arc lower than ever. At the .same time the demands are growing. With increased munitions we want increased coaL Each Soldier sent from America represents an increasing quantity of coal which must- be supplied to win the war. A/ready ncfoHeji manufacturers, pottery manufacturers, fab- ric dyers, bleachers, and others have com- plained tha.t the reduction of coal suppliee has seriously crippled the wage-earning capacities of their industries and threatens to inflict hardships on their workpeople. Transport pt-obably* wiU be one of the first industries to suffer, and we already know the effect of decreased transport. But no one, except perhaps the poor, will have all the coal which he or she requires this winter. We are living from hand to mouth. We ought to be increasing our- stocks for the winter. Instead, stocks, already low, are -being oaten into by urgent military require- ments." The railway companies are considering ? 'scheme for further cutting down the train service and reducing the lightinganri heat- ing of all railway stations. There is a serious deficiency in the stocks of coal held by the railways.

I WOULD NOT TDfeSTRGtf INSECTS. I The Hertfordshire Appeal Tribunal of St. Albans have granted exemption to Gilbert Mroreton Dunn, aged eighteeij, of Redbourri, a conscientious objcctor, son of Mr. Dunn, the hatter. Applicant said he objected even to killing insects, and if wasps' nests were In his father's orchards ho would leave the wasps alone. If sent to farm work and the farmer asked him to syringe any crops to destroy in- jects, he would ask the farmer whether anybody else could do it. In his father's orchards he would look for something to syringe with which would not. Mr. Barnard (the chairman) asked appellant whether, if a fly alighted on his face he would ask it to move. Appellant: I should not do anything. • The Tribunal directed that appellant should do work of national importance under one I of the well-known committees. .-H

[ A MYSTERY BOY. j feefusing to give hil3 name and addresg-r or to give any account of himself beyond saying he was 17J years old and British, a youth was, at Warehsm Dorsct) sentenced to six months' imprisonment for breaches of the Defence of the Realm Act and the Aliens Restriction Order. The youth wad found asleep -on the heath near a camp, and when searched was in possession of thirty-six keys of different sizes; jfl 9s. 3d. in Treasury notes and coin, an elec- tric torch, and a large knife and tin opener. The keys were, by order of the Bench, de- stroyed.

I PRISON 1TOR MINISTER. j At "Greenwich Poiiec-court, t H. Stewart Anderson, of Birkhatl-road, CatfWrd, i until recently minister of Hitheii Green ? St?owftr ? A, l y iu? E"civishim, was sent;ence a 'Ln byterian Church, Lewisham, was sentenced to six months' imprisonment in the second division en a charge of indecently assaulting a gh;l ag eleven. It was stated tliat he vtas acting chap- laiii to the troops at Grove Park, Lee,- and was a member of the Lewisham Committee of the Prince of Wales's Fund.' ,——- —

I TWO THEATRES DEStROYED. J The Grand Theatre, Glasgow, has been de- stroyed by lire, only the walls and part of the pit regaining intact. The inmates- of neigh- bouring houses were rescued with fire escapes. Colchester Theatre Royal has also been de- stroyed by fire. The efforts of the fire brigade and many soldiers in the district saved adjoin- ing 'business premises, but only the front walL of the theatre remain.

I FRAUD'S MANY DECORATIONS. 1 At Cheltenham folice-court, George Roberts, thirty-eight, was sent-eRced* to six months' im- prisonment for wearing military decorati_ons ■ without authority. When arrested he was masquerading as a regimental sergeant-major with ribbons of the V.C., D.C.M., M.M., and. Mons Star, -and nine wound stripes, and chev¡, rons for four years' service.

I SOLDIER'S HOUSE COLLAPSES. I A soldier home on leave, Private Hathway, and his family have had a remarkable escapo at Handford, Cheshire. I He took them for a holiday, and during their absence the house collapsed.

I TRAIN DASHES INTO MOTOR. I Mr. Arthur S'L ratto of Alton Priors, Dc- vizee, a farmer, has ? 'en kiHec! 01? the Great We.skrn Rail"'4 near Wocdborough St4t?on.1 He was backimg?a motor-cafr near.th? line when the car was caught by an express engine and I carried a quarter of a mile along the line. 

I IN COLD STORAGE. I It is an acquired taste to relish "high" dishes (says a contemporary Y. The average Britisher cannot stomach Chinese eggs. but a Chinaman will tackle a six-year-old lay witl^ ^enthusiasm. They say the eggs t:iffen like cheese, and are wholly delicious—to the Chinee at any rate. Pork in the Far East is also eaten when the flesh is • several months old. But the longest ,food storage on record has just come from an explorer in. the Northland. His expedition came upon an enormous icliff of ice which had fallen, revealing the giant carcase of utI anitnal, probably frozen hundreds of years pre- viously." The "meat was so well preserved that, so members of the expedition affirm, they ate freely of it.

Soldiers who have; been awarded the Albert Medal may add A.M." after theii lames. There are now ovA* 1,400,000 allotment- holders in England and Wales. Sir Lyulph Stanley. Governor of Victoria, will retain his' appointment until February, 1920. Olga Jatley, a Lincoln woman, was fined £ 2 for sending' matches by post. Chaplain (ISt class) the Rev. E. R. Day. is appointed a principal chaplain, ranking as brigadier-g«neral.

BOMBING SQUADRON FIGHTS TO MANNREIM AND BACK. On Saturday the following dispatch was j jrooeived from the Headquarters of the R.A.F, Independent Force in France:— On the night of the 6th-7t| instant our .squadrons carried out attacks against two 'hostile aerodromes. Fives were caused, but observation of results was hindered by weather conditions, as were operations generally. All ,our machines returned. On tbe morning of the 7th instant oxrt squadrons attacked the railways at Ehrange and the chemical works at Mannheim. Good bursts were observed oil and beside the rail- way Irmes 4t Erhange. Fierce opposition was met with in the raid on Mannheim, but. despite, this the objective was reafched and successfully bombed.- Eight direk hits and many 'other &ood bursts were' observed^ on ;he chemical works. • Our squadrons fought largely -superior numbers of enemy aeroplanes; both before and after reaching the objective. One squadron had a hard, continuous fight for a distance of eeventy miles before reaching its objective, and the fight continued for another seventy miles on the way back. Over two tons of bombs were dropped on jiannheita. As a result of the fighting one enemy aeroplane was destroyed and two mbre enemy aeroplanes were driven down out of dontrol. Four of our machines are missing.

LETTERS TO GERMANY. I -.At Bridlington PolicW-court on. Saturday, .Mary E. Trammell, aged seventy-six, of ".Bridlington, was fined t25 for residing in a prohibited' area, without registration. It was stated that she had oommmucated with her German brother-in-law in (;erln&T through Holland, and that she had grand- sons fighting against the Allies. In defence it was said that her husband, a German, died in 1884, and that her six children were born in Huddersefild. She had lived. at Leeds, but had been told by the police that she must leave the town or be at1sted. The magistrate told her that nad she been a younger woman eho would have l:f'cn bent 'to prison.

THE SUBMARINE SANK." I Two destroyers were called by S.O.S. sig- nal to a steamer that nad been torpedoed .> »nfi was sinking. One of the "warships pieked up the crew, who had taken to 'the boats, and re'turned with them to the base. The commander of the other destroyer sus- pected that the U-boat was lying low. He waited near the spot, and when the sub- marine came to the surface he opened fire. The submarine dived, and when she came up the destroyer fired again, and this time her shells found a mark. The submarine sank, and as the water closed over her a tremen- dous explosion occurred, which severely shook the destroyer.

TRAGIC FIND IN HOUSE. I At Tottenham a tragedy has die-" covered involving the death of Eileen and Philip Gregory, aged four and a-half years &ad ten months respectively, and serious in- jury to their mother, Mrs.^ Gregory. • Nothing had been -,eeil of the family for a few days, and the hoW', therefore? which ?. situate'u? Montague-road, J?oKdon.C'c?niiy CouncU Estate, was entered by Mr?. Gregory'? brother-in-law.  The two children v.?M found dead in the front' room with wounds in their throat, while Mrs. Gregory was also discovered in a OTave condition, there being a wound in her tilro&i also.

COMMUNAL JAM-MAKING. In several Kentish villages jam is \03de on a communal systeip, the villagers .contributing fruit.and" the jam-nwrking being undertaken by the more leisured residents. In this way 8,0001b. of jam has been made and stored .for the winter at Paddock Wood, while at Mouldham.6001b. of jam was made by a party of workers in two days.

A MOUND FOR LIARS. Drake, natives, of Borneo, are extremely truthful. So disgraceful, indeed, do the Dyaks consider the deceiving of others by an untruth that such conduct is handed down to "posterity by a curious custgnr. They heap up a pile of the branches of trees In memory of the man who hai" uttered a great lie, so that the future generations may know of his wickedness and take warning from it. The. persons deceived start the "tugong bu?a "-the liar's -bi- heap- ing up a large number of breaches in some conspicuous spot by the side of the path from one village to another. E'ery passer- by oontributes to it, and at the same time curses the man in memory of whom it is. The Dyaks consider the adding to any gong bula" they may pass a sacred duty, the omission of which v.-ill meet with super- natural DUnishmcnt. —————

.A Putney woman called at St. Dunstar; 8 Hostel for Blinded Sailors and Soldiers and left 890 threepenny pieces which she Had. saved from shopping. The President of the French Republic has 'conferred the Legion of Honour on iir. Otto H: Kahn, of New York, the prominent Jewish philanthropist and .banker. Three email boys appeared in the Chil- ren's Court at Cheliflsford. The smallest said he was fourteen years of age, and darned £ 1 28. 4d. weekly on munitions.. His companions earned more than he did. Government clerks have de-cided. to form: a. federation of. all eti.-ting arsvciatioL"R, which have a tytal membership of -about 15,000 men and women.. M. Diagne, deputy for Senega! who h¡8 returned to Paris fcrom "West Africa, has re- cruited 75,000 natives, 60,000 of them in "West Africa and 15,000 in the Equatorial zone. Mr. Shadforth Watts, the si-iipovcner. Las forwarded to Captain A. W. C-lspk. deputy chairman of King .Gcv-rge's Fund tor Sailors, a gift of £10,000 in aid of the fruid. Mrs. Grace BrGtherstone, of • gTieScld, t'e wife of a. soldier servimg in France, hrs given" birth, to triplets, two daughters and a son. The King's bounty has been applied for ;r Herbert Marshall, J.P., of Piatcl^e Lodge, Leicestershire, has did after a 1(};;7 illness. He twice unsuccessfully contested. tue Harborcngh Division as a Conservative. There have been heavy snowstorms iiv tho higher regions of Switzerland down to an altitude- of 5,000ft., and in VLake Lucerne the temperature sfsni below fraz- ing point. A Newport (Mon.) soldier, writing fim Germany, states that he met his brother ;TI. the collecting cage, and they have beeri CogethA since.

Z By Takifig Z Bcham' s P)H<? ailments uiÜ.n&. from 2 t a disordered stomach are rdiendina rem- C» l arkab!y short space of time. Beham's  lis ??t like a charm upon the organs of 5 the digestive system and improvement is ?' l apparent from the first dt?c. If d.c f ? treatment is continued according to the ? ■ directions the result will be surpnsingand <t ? granting. The stomach will recover ? tone, the liver ani bowels be rendered Cr 2 healthily active, biliousn, natu?ence T  and sick-head'ache will disappear, and y ij. renewed sense of energy and vitality Jf J will add immensely to the pleasures of I living and doing. By taking Becd)m' s f g P<i?? large and ever-incresMng num ber of men and women fortify themsdn:s i .7 against the many ills that constal1dy tend l 1 to upset the health through impaired I «| digestion. By faking Beed'am'x Pi}}t  the blood is kept pure, the complexion (, free from blemishes, and the general  Z health i.? mainta'med at a level fit to meet  the demands of pur strenuous lif. Overwhelming evidence exisTs as to the j* good resu l ts which foHow the tEk:ng of  r"if iso [ Prøp-ued MtJ? ?y ? f ..l 7WO??BBJ5C?4jM,?./?e?B?L&?c. V l ,l Sold c?e?yw???e 7 in boxes, ?&c//cd/s-JJ and 3s-Od.

FIFTY YEARS IN PRISON. I Whell a seventy-year-old; matt named George Lawrence was sentenced at West- minster Police-court on Saturday to six months' hard labour for theft it > was said that he had spent about fifty years of his life in prison.

WORLDS HIGHEST CHIMNEY. I A chimney built at the smelter plant of tht> Boston and .Tvloijtaiia Consolidated Copper ahd Silver Mining Company, hear Great Falls, Montana, is. 506 feet high above the top of a and 50 feet ill Jnieribr diti meter ;it the top. It is the 'highest in the world by alwut '-lO fee1r, and the highest in the Tjnited States by 1441 feet' thf. Eastman Kodak chimney 'bsing 3o6 ftt. hih, and the Orford Copper OtfKJpany's chironey being 365 feet.. The weight of the 6tack is between 1-7,000 and IS.000 tons. Its discharge capacity is <1,000,000 cubic ffct of gases per min^te^ with a draft of 1 inc hOt; water expected with gases "af 600 deg. F. average. The height was governed solely by the 4raft "requirements and not by the de.ideratqm of discharging high enough in- the air to prevent creation of a nuisance. This later requirement is met by the exist- ing stack,,wliich ie",t)ut.IFQ feet high, the- city" of Great Falls being 500 feet lower than. the tableland and the valley bottom 250 to 300 feet lower.

BIG WAVES. I It is not only during winter weather that gales are experienced at sea (says a contcm- porffry). Some of the most terrible storms occur during- the heat of summer, and the. high-, seas that run ashore' after til-e evelit are the delight of holiday sightseers. Wave.. at the seaside are,, however, totally different and very puny compared with these ih mid- occan. A Queenstown' steamer repoi ts waved of 100 feet, in height during a recent Atlan- tic gale. Waves of 50 feet to 75, feet high arc common to the Atlantic; but it is to. tiie Indian Oeean that we look for those of really gigantic stature. Cold regions also experience immense --4?JS. Wasberg, Nor- way, can claim a wave of 400 feet. in height. Even at homp, a monster of apr.oximatdy 1,;v.'eu at liomp, 'bombarded the Coini?h coast. Chebueto. Nov" Scotia, has an ingenious device by which the velocity, length, aud height of waves is tested. This 'apparatus extends some distance clbng the sea-bed, and earthquakes 'in far-off regions can be judged by this pieans.

The Ildlath has occurred iu Windsor work- house infirmary' of Mrs. Eliaabftti .Pike, aged ninety-eight. She was' for many years jftcdle- woman to Queen Victoria at Windsor Castle. The Lord Mayor of London. during his recent visit .to the Italian front received from King Victor- Emmanuel the insignia ct a Grand Officer of the Order cf the Crown cf Italy

NOTES ON NEWS. I —  — One of the most. Intercstms; reports yet I presented to the Miiiistrv of ReeoDstruc- | A NOTABLE HEIXJRX. tion is that of the Com- I mittee on Adult Educa- I tion. This Committee, ^consisting of employers. workers, and educationists, makes impor- tant and far-reaching proposals. Though most of these have been put forward by social reformers for years past, many people, perhaps the majority, have looked askaitee at them as being of a revolution- ary tendency. Trade Union Congresses have warmly advocated them without securing that support from public opinion which is necessary for carrying them into CfFect. It may be that even now some con- siderable time must eiapse before the re- commendations of the Committee become tho law of the land, but it is at any rate a notablq, sign of- the; timw; thai a4 Canw Lltitive CoTni-iosed-als this' one expressed, a Strong opinion-that t'hc'.condi- tibns of daily- lifcf nnd _work-for. millidns of people in this country must be amended so that there may be opportunities for satis- fying the desire for knowledge, for self- expression? for the satisfaction of intellec- tual, aesthetic, and spiritual needs, and a fuller life." The industrial. and social conditions of to-day, the Coinhsiitee declares, are such ■ AN EIGnT- HOURs, DAY. s? to interpose .insuper- J able obs-cacks to adult education: "or-kmg, hours I are too long, there is too I much overtime and night work, too much t risk of unemployment, a lack of security for workers. To remedy these evils the Committee recommends a maximum legal working day of eight hours, with strict re- gulation of overtime and night work; effective measures to ensure reasonable security of livelihood by guarding against, and mitigating the effects of unemploy- ment reasonable holidays with pay for wage-earners. The Committee finds another obstacle to tlic workers' well- being in bad a-nd insufficient housing, and declares for a comprehensive scheme of re- form, in the carrying out cf which women ( should have an effective voice. As has been said, there is nothing novel about these proposals; the significant thing is that they should be put forward by an in- f fluential and representative body charged with the duty of advising the Government concerning- the measures necessary for the reconstruction of society after the war. These are more than just pious resolutions. They mean business;. and; we shall doubts less see legislation on these lines within a measurable time. ———— It was inevitable that the Committee should make recommendations for the re- LIFE IN THE VILLAGES. construction of rural lIte. Even before the war !| there was a "back to the land movement, but it never, got muck beyond talk. 4% ar condi- I tions ha.ve brought about a wonderful i- vIval in agriculture; and it is certain tlurfc if thus is to be continued when the war is over something must he done to make vil- lage life nore attractive. In this connec- tion wage's and housing are of tirst import- ance. If agriculture is still to be the poorest paid of all our industries, the t migration of country people to the towns. ft.r itpttrr wages will be resumed when tho i times change once more. But it takes more than Vages and a dccent house and garden to iiia,he a full life. Man Cannot live by these things alone. Here and there for years past spasmodic attempts have been made to provide people in rural dis- tricts with opportunities for social life and intellectual development. They have not been conspicuously successful, and it may be freely copeeded that in this direction ,the efforts of social reformers are likely to ireet with,many difficulties and discourage- f b P- I ments. Nevertheless the problem must be tackled, and tackled seriously. A begin- ning might, be made with an institute, a t reading-room, and a library in every vil- I lage. And these fehould be under public control. When the Prime Minister announced some weeks ago that 150 German sub- A BLACK LIST. manncs had been sun.? ( some people i, this countTy were a little d, I appoiated; ? they ?? } thought the number was larger. iiut it } the number caused some disappointment j here it caused consternation in Germany. | The German Government promptly came out with a denial. Their losses, they de- jj c-lared, had not reached to anywhere near | that ifgure. They told their people that I. this was only another British lie. It would never do to let the German people think I the British Navy was sending U-boats to |j the bottom at this rate! The British rc- tort has been prompt and effeetin-nmh-  ing less than a complete list of the com- I manders of the submarines which have {' been put beyond the puwer of doing harm to the shipping of the world. It is a r" markable list, containing the names of-tfie men who sank the Lusitania, the Persia, the Arabic and many other ships. It con- tains' also the names of men who are "wanted," including one whose speciality is hospital ships. The. Navy badly wants to get this particular miscreant, and if he f is wise he will apply for scnije safer occu pa- tion than commanding a lT-boat. The list I is bound to make its way into. Germany, where its effect upon a people largely dis- abused of its confidence in the submarine weapon may be imagined. The only effec- tive reply the German Government can make is to produce the officers whose names appear in the list, and that they cannot do. Study of the list in this country should give us an added respect for the Admiralty Intelligence Department, which ) can give the name of the commander of s every enemy submarine sunk. I The coal shortage is a serious business, 1 much more serious than most people had THE COAL SHORTAGE. imagined. The output in the first thirty-two weeks i of this year has been II less by -13,500,000 tons 4\ "i _¿ than in the corresponding period or uisv j year. The shortage will probably in- j crease, though the tow returns of the last j few weeks are put down to influenza among j the miners-the same cause as is hindering j shipbuilding. The shbrtage of coal is due 1: to the quite simple fact that men cannot be soldiers in the ranks and miners too. I Recently 75,000 more miners have -been ta-ken into the Army, and,, unless steps are j taken to .fill their places in the mines the 1 coal position cannot possibly improve. How their .places are to be' filled it is hard to 1 tell, unless the War Office can see its Nvay I.t<) release them, or at any rate a sufficient number of" tJtmners who have already done. & share of military service. But thit I a. matter for the Government. What is ] dear is that there is a point below which our output cannot be allowed to fall if. we are to carry on the war, and that we are (jetting dangerously near to that point.

FAMOUS YOUNG TRUMPETER. Trumpeter Jack Moyl n, D.C.M., 18th l Hussars, one of the young-est British soldiers to win the decoration, iis-s been killed in action. a Trumpeter Moylan went with the regi- ment as a boy trumpet-ei on thc* outLrl-,Ta of war and won the IJ-.C.M. in 1916 for pav- ing wounded under fire at Ypres, and also the Croix de Guerre for the life of a wounded French soldier, His parents live at Faraboivugh.. Two of his brothers are serv- ing-

DESERTERS POSE AS CRIPPLE. At Bow-street Police-court. Marry Bishop Ixas, sentenced to thrae months' hard labour on charges of unlawfully wearing military decorations and being a. deserter. A police officer stated that Di hop was wearing the Mons ribbon, thxce wound Etrip.: and' overseas chevrons. He us&d & ?65f cru' ,oiAa atd ?ent'L??i?g .ictters t? women stating that he buQefi-ig from Iiliotl shock, severe, wounds, and was .crippl for life, whereas he wss physically sound iu every respect.

NEW BACON PRICES. The Food Controller announces that the price of certain cuts of bacon in its green state, hitherto sold at Is. 8d. per lb.(retail), will be in future Is. 10cl. per lb. (retail) when pale dried, or smoked. looked and uncooked venison may now be bought vwithout coupons. — —

PEACE ON EARTH. The interest shown by people in the League of Nations scheme recalls the beauti- ful giant statue of Christ marking the boundary line between Chile and the Argen- tine. For sixty years the unfortunate people of these lands fought each other, and were again oa* the point of a new war when two Catholic Bishops appealed for peace and suc- ceeded in reconciling the people. King Edward VII. was asked to adjudge between them, and the statue, cast in bronfce from the now useless cannons, was erect-ad in 1904 as the token of peace and friendship. On the granite pedestal are gra-ven the folLow- iug words: "These mountains will ctumble into dufit before Argentines and ChHlano will break the peace which at th-e foot of the Redeemer they have sworn to keep."