Papurau Newydd Cymru
Chwiliwch 15 miliwn o erthyglau papurau newydd Cymru
22 erthygl ar y dudalen hon
MR SHORT STORY. 1
MR SHORT STORY. 1 THE PROPOSAL. I B? JOHN BENEDICT. I -And 0 this _aII?" asked the lawyer. He wa.a called, by courtesy, "literary executer/' but peer Angelique knew that this was ouly to spare her veelings. The hard-beaded business man was going a!! over her late husband's writings—hia papers, both published and unpublished; his note-books; even the hali'-nuisrhed ei?crts that <*very author shrinks from exposing— net to do Godfrey honour, not even to see how imch of a living would be left for Barbara and herself.. N o-t.1iI.a real object was to find out whether enoug-h could he equeezed fut of the royalties and the copy- rights, and all the other things that Ang'e- liJue dlli:;¡'t understand, to pay Godirey's debts—his lavish and f-plendid debts, which contracted, like everything he had coBtracted, with a prodigal Hand in royal .fashion. He had been like that—in his writing, so spendthrift of his strength and power it 'had brought on his sudden and early death, in hie living, liberal unthinking, just so long as it had been luxitrious. -N-e,.vc-pap4aT work and magazine articles—they had beeH as nroJiSc as h'a poetry'; he had comm,lld-2<1 the market price, and he had spent the proceeds aa quicK'y as he ,had earned the!B. The little wife. with her old world ill-elas 4 thwft, could not but shudder as sne realised hc.w wasteful he must have b&cn To sq;;anJo@? such largcase in so short a time. Sh<? recalled hew Godfrey had hated to hare anyone touch his papeis; e-he, his wi_fe, in all her dusting had never so much as glanced &t a single line. And here was this "literai-'v executor nlicg and tabulating .all those gossamer rainbows of Godfrey's brain jnst as if they were stocks or bonds or cattte or auything else from which a -penny might be wrung. "You see," said Mr. Brieneigh, vnth a professtonal wrinkle to his brow, "all "his work of Mr. Barstow's, while it's very gr.cd and. just now,, very -popular, won't, I'm afraid, bring in enough money to saJ;i=f" v the creditors—not right away, any- how, and the creditors want their money this minute- "Whut the Marlb-7,roughs--I,lr. Par- stop's publishers, you know, Mrs. Bar- stow ''—he spoke as to an uncomprehending child—" want to do, and what we've got to dcr In order to raise enough mooey. is to boost Tour husband's work—give it a f-esh Etart in some wav or other, so that it will attract !Lt-:ntion the public will buy twice as much of it as they've beeR doing. If vou had something of bis—1 don't care how short it is, so it hasn't been in print— that we could spring on 'cm while tile iron is hot, so to speak. we might yet turn the trick. We coutd double cur sales on hie entire works if we could adverti se that in O!lE' of the books tnNe was something never 1).forc published. You haven't got any. thig of the sort. have you, Mrs. Barstow! You' d, ,-i't know of any euch poe in? You cert!"inlv need it now, if ever you lid, and so do 'vour creditors." AI'blic¡n paled suddenly. GodfrcY'E love-making had been as tempestuous as hi- p&et:v making; he had, indeed, combined the two. How well she remembered the sunriMr he had appeared in Tours, where she th,- daughter of a professor in the uni- vers i ty had met him. Godfrey had been studying he h.id not been doing anything but 'livmg, warmly, fully, richly, as was h's wont and, with huge pront. putting his ex- periences into his work. It had bwu almost love ..t first sight between the big. blond, anA the demure. brown-eyed Frc.nch girL If she had never drmoo of anvonc so magniDccnt, so im- petuc.ue, so like a fairy-tale prince, neither had 1-1-0 ever fc.ucd a girl so completely to his liking.. The wocing had ended in a i ki.nd .j of whirlwind one June morning, when he had brought her a p<K'm, "The Proposal, say- mo- that she, it.3 iuspiration, must give him her Mswer. The English of the lyno had be<n pbin to her. hut just the sound of the impa3ioned syllabus would have Ocn enogh; thev had needed no translation. Her a4iswer "had not been slow in coming, and it had been worthy her lover's lyric. All("¡!liqu treasured that poem 'as she treasured nothing else. It had a Ie shrine &U to \ta<?f; no oM sa.ve hcrse.f ?had e\e'- seen it. Some day she would show it to Barbara and tell her all it meant, but not yet—not, until the girl wa,3 older and more sytnpa.thctic. Now, at eighteen, she &Mmed to have little in common with her w lao sometimes felt very much alOll;) in a strange laud. Brcught up in the modern Enghsh )n., Barbara wns, a'-)ove all, pract-.cal. Her undoubted musical talent was the only trace she showed of b,n.9 a poet' daugh- tsr No, it. would be a long tijae hef.e BarbAra could be permitted to read The Propo&il." P&rhapc, when the girl hersett was in love—— But Angeiique could -not conceive even her practical daughter in lovo with one of the mcdern young men. How diSercnt they were from Godfrey! How lacking in his tenderness, hig steadfastness! Imagine one of them wooing a girl with "The Frcpccal'" "Well Mrs. B<1rst()w," pursued the law'ver "can't you put your hand on some rtf's thing of Tour husband's that, for some rensall or other, he never printed? Some- thing that you've got tucked away some- where that nobody knows about? If we can catch too public with a fresh one before ilie to"-ue is gone. there's money in it." Barbajra, who had entered the room, hea.rd lI.r. Erieileigh's last words. "I can he!p you cut," she said, with her customary dircctnc&a. "At least, I think I can. I saw au old po,-m. of father's the other da- that I knew lias never bæn published. It wac in an oid autograph album, and it niust have been written v.hcii he was very 'oung-l.11g before he met you, another, ior it was awfully nt,lll1èal. I wonder why fa.tLer never p?b?ked it. He never wrote anything more to tiic popular taste, I'm t-ure. "Where did you say you saw this. Miss Barbara.?" asked, the lawyer. He was regarding the girl with the respect that one practical mmd fe;els for another. It wsd entirely diSerent from his manner towards Mrs. Barstow. "'V.' ell, you I was visiting in Store- ?m—father'? o!d honte, you know—the par- ticular bi'ier patch where he wa? born and bred. Thev think a lot of him down there -he's one of their few celebrities—and one day I.wa6 viÚti!Jg' a muso where the mother got out a funny old b04,k, an autograph album with covers all inlaid with mcther- vere the fa-shion, it aeems, thousands of years ago—and showed me this poem written by father to her, signed with his name, the date, and all in hi.s own hand- writing. The iak was faded, and the paper torn, but that poem, was hot stun. Anybody living in any other place would have had it published. long ago, and gathered in what- ever wa<s to be got from it. Jn?t' the fact that you'd had such a poem written to you bv Godfrey Barstow would mean fame for any wonjan. But down there they're slow. I don't wonder father ptillcd out' as soon aa h€ could." Angeiique smiled in "happy appreci.at.i. on. Barbara was not without sympathy, a.fte: all. "Some day you shall w a po,-mthat your father wrote to me," said the mother to ner daughter. "I don't know whether you would call it—wha.t is it that you said? Oh, yes— 4 hc.t stun.' But It M very beautiful. He wrote it for —a alone. No on- elee, in a.U these years, has ever aocn it. Cnder no circurastances would it be to publish it-it is ton intimate, to personal. But ycu, some day, I c-hall show it to You alone shall share it with me." "I thought the old lady looked as if she had someth-ing up her sleeve.' observed the iawyer to himself. Aloud, he raid, "Wol!, I gU(>.ss you've got just what we want, Miss Barbara. Where and when can we get hol<i of thi6 p'x-m? We mustn't let the grass grow under our feat, you know." "Oh, I have it here," returned Barbsra, t:lk:ug a folded paper from the bag in her baud. "I copied it right out of the auto- graph album then and theie. I tai-cin:t know, then, how tangled up father's aHairs were, nor how much mother needed the money— not to.speak of the creditors—hut I saw that there w3. prcnt in that poem. I've on!y waited till the came to epea.k ab.iut it. I waD<:ed to copyright it first, for one thing, and tnen, it t.< so passionate, you kr:ow—I set it to m'\L3ie and copyrighted that. Once it gt'Jt into, prÍrLt. somebody would he sure to make a song o.f it-it makea a pe:1ch of a goag—and I -oiii- to have anvbodv else make mone-v o,t of it." "Good for you. Miss 'Hnrbara!" cried th<- "No need for the family forturea to "low let's hear the w  i ,e you're rorn d pc-em and your soHg, "I'll read you te popxi first," said Bar- bara. unfolding her paper. "It's called 'The PropDsai.' and it begim—— Why, w.hat'a the matter with mothct?" As soon as An-C-liqt,,e was able te rise front* t'Le b<rd where Barbara and the lawyer had carried her, she crossed the room to her nttio ole,-f-,ishicn42cl mahogany cabinet. She preyed the spring thut* opened the secret driver. Out of a. €adcd satin case she took a f{)ld,d paper, with creases that all but dropDed apart. Her tears fell on the faded writi'ng', with its burning, pMsipnats words, but they were tears of forgiveness. "V.'hat matter.; it if there was another," phc whispered brokenly. "What I cannot understand ie how anyone could have re- sisted him. It is very, very strange," and .he pres-ed her lips to tha paper, as she always pressed them whenever she took the paper from its shrine. In the next room, Barbara, sat down at the piano.. "Xow, I'll give you the song, she sai-d. "IV,kat would mother have done, I wonder, had I told her the actwat fa6t'—tha.t half the old autograph albums in Storeham had that Proposal poem of father's—written to different girls, you know, at dISerent times; each g'Irl, until they got to comparing notes, being under the impression that .she-had in- spLrcd it. that it was written to her alcne. Father rnu.t ha-ve been some boy, mustn't !he? Or RiaybR it's with poets as with prophet—not without honour save in the.r own country. I wonder whether he wore hie hair long-? Oh, the girls must have made fuB. of him, if he did WeH, they're proud enough of him now, and of the poem he once wrote to half the girls. though, when it was written, they probably laughed, at him and caned him a sentimental goose behind his back. I don't believe one of them took hinr or his poem seriously. It was a case of cast- ing pearls before—terrapin. Not until he laid The Proposal at dear little mother's feet did it meet the reward it deserved."
ICHURCHYARD GHOULS.I
CHURCHYARD GHOULS. I In tte days of the Resurrectionista various mcanc were devised to prevent tha nefarioua practice of body-snatching. Recumbent &ton<M of huge dimensions were frequently placed over the tombs in lonely churchyards, while b_u.ling-plaœŠ were often made uu- apprcachablo by the erection of massive ra'il- iags. The services of the local blacksmith were a.I?o requisitioned to fasten strong bars of iron over the coSins to prevent the possi- bility ot the body being* uplifted from its ¡ resting-place. In many churchyards watch houaos were erected, at the door of which aftor an inter- ment careful w&tch. and w&rd was kept, and net a few tales WWC told of mysterious bemgs surprised in the midst of their gh.o-.tly depreda-tions. sa f es or de--d houses Lu a. feM- places mort safes or dead houses were constructed in which the de&d bcdi-eg were a.Howed to remain for several w<x-ks, or until such length- of tiHte as th'q were no longer serviceable for dissecting purposes. An interesting specimen of the above is to be in the qua-int kirkyard at the ruined Church of Cowie. near btonehaven. This was a favourite h&unt of the Resurrection- ists from Aberdeen. The (;orp:r_'6 were conveyed in dogcarts to the Grru-mte City. With* ,& view to escape detection the lifeless figures were ciad ooce nio'e in the gnrb of the living and placed on the conveyance in a sitting posture. The story is told how on one occasion a party of Resurrectio';ists stopped at a way- sid<? inn for refreshments, when all art r I- of the same at the door of the inn. The ian- kecpcr, noticing the silent ngure of one of thc'ir number left alone in the coBeeyajioe. remarked, "Will ycr frecnd no' tak' R drfl.!D. Without saying a word the party instantly mounted and drove off, leaving mine host, who was not without his sus- picions. to drsw his own conclusions to the caUing' of his visitors.
——?——— IMILLIONS CF BI3LES.…
—— ? ——— I MILLIONS CF BI3LES. I Mr. Henry Frowde, who retired after, thirty-nine years' managership of the London business of the Oxford University Pretis. has been responsible for the issue of 40,000,000 copies of the Holy Scriptures Over a million Oxford Bibles has long been the annual output of the Press. I'nlS'5, the v..car that Mr. Frowdc became associated' -with* the work, the munber ,fa-s half a mil- lion, and it' is oow a million :tnd a quarter. One of the grca.tc<5t publishing feats for which Mr. Fcowde was responsible was the issuing of the Revised Yer.ion of tttc New Tc'sta.m-cnt in 1831. At midnight on Ma.v ICth of that yc'r, the doors ef the wnre- house at Amen Comer were op-r-Tted. and be- fore ini(idan. evory bookpcUer in the Mng'dcm h:d been stippl}cd with copies for 6a.Ie. In thi.-? way over a million voluin-c- were -,Ont out, and' they sold rapidly, one City book- &?Mer dLpo;tng of 15.000 copies. Four yenrs later the Revised Vers'oa of the Old Testm- ment was is-,ued by Mr. Frcwdc. The dc- mnnd was almost ns phenom-cna-1, and on this eventful occasion attempts were mad 'e to obtain advance copies, not one exceeded,, despite the iaet that the sheets of the edition of the Old Testament pastrcd through 10.000 hands. As a. further iHu&tration of what the Bible output of the Oxford University Press in- volves, it might be mentioned'ths.t the skins of 1CO.OOO &pin)a! are upcd every year for the covers of Oxford Biblea aloHC, und 4CO.OOO .sheets of gold are required for the giit Perhaps tho smallest and at the same tune cicst remarkable of 31r. Fronde's nn- dertakings oTi behaif α- the Universtty Presa Wtln the pubHcatian in 1881 of the Golden Crlnpel," &n cditiun of St. JoJm'a Gospel priited entirely in gold letters on oHve pTpea p:x:r, for a lady with fs.iliug 8i)?ht. Onlv three copies were printed, a.:id of these ,)ue hLs been lcet.
[No title]
I Enham Estate (over 1,000 acres), Mar Andovcr, Hauts, is the site of the first vil- lage centre for treating and training in various trades soldiers discharged frcm hos- pital. :Kew fir.-t-vid and ambulance ttrrangernent-- which aff,et aiJ &aw-anlla and factoriea mjnufncturiiig- articles of wood and employ- ing upwa.rds of twenty-five persons come into forM on J&nuary 1.
HOW WE KEEP OUR BALANCE, j
HOW WE KEEP OUR BALANCE, j lOur sense of balance is due mot merely to the semi-circular canals of our inner ears, but to thcee main sensory E;ource-s. TheK are the aforesaid cana,s-. our c-Tes and the pressure sense which' is a combination of im- pressions received from our vertebrae, the muscles of cm* backs and iiecke,, and ti:<; weight of our internal organs. Dr. Percy Fridenberg, the, ophthalmic surgeon oi Lcba.nou Hospital and junior surgeon of the N"ow York Eye and Ear Innrmary, points out iu the Journal of the American Mcdicat As6<.K:ia-tion that an examination in equili- brium of candidate's for aviation that is cci:- Biied to their reaction to impres80ns on thf neivee of the ears and that negfects the other tw,) jllst as important factors is not likely to save them from fa!Ls. That dizzi- ness ma.y be produced solely by sight 16 patent to everyone who has experienced it on looking down from a great height. -Dr. Frid0nœrg' says: "Irregulzir illumination and motion of objects alone may cauee dizzi- ness and confusions, as seen in the common of ncid variety of "movie" headache or dizzi- ness. A swinging mirror may cau&e a moot marked sea.sickueSc3 W hch, itself the cla&-i- :al example of vertigo, is .often relieved irost eSectively by excluding visual impression. merely by closing the eyes." He quotes re- marks oi aviatorg who say that when they get into thick 'clouds they cannot tell whether they are on a level or not, and urges that in the training of airmen their re- actions to unusual visual conditions be ob- served carefuily by their instructors.
I0 MOTHER-OF-PEARL FISHING.…
0 MOTHER-OF-PEARL FISHING. I How the natives colle&t the shells in the Red Soa and Gulf of Aden from which we get our mother-of-pearl is described in a re- port from Addjson E. Southard, American Consul at Aden*. About twenty men go cut to the fishing beds in a sailing dhow and then divide up into rowboats, in which they search for likely spots, using a. kero- sene tin with one end nlied with glass as a ,.e-iie tiii with filled with l ass as a. water telescope. After locating the shells one of the fishermen removes his sca:;t clothing, places a small clamp or plug' to close his nostrils, and dives. As he de- scends a Iarg'e basket is lowered, weighted with a stone to cause it to sink qmck!y. Dio diver works on the bottom, throwing the shells into the basket until he h .qs nlied it. He usually finds it necessary to come to the surface two or 'three times for a fresh breath before he has completed the filling :)f a basket. There are many sharks in the Red Sea and in the Gulf of Ad-cn, and when the divpra are; attacked thcv arc fortunate if they escape minus a leg or *an arm. The -.hells vary from two inches to ten inches tti diameter. After six or eight hours the thcHs are opened and the oysters eaten. Y7p"n the dhow is !ad?n she goes to, Aden 3r Mnasowah and drives a bargain with the 3!iell buyers. Just -before the war the pre- vailing price wns abnut 16 cents a pound; to-day it is only 8 cents. One large ship- ment to the United States was made last t-r:n'. The Aden market supplied about '.00,000 shells a year.
GIANT CATHEDRAL COLUMNS;I
GIANT CATHEDRAL COLUMNS; I One of the wonders of the Cathedral of St. John the Divine, which 1ms been 'slowly :r]in:l for some year: past on the south gide of Morninq'side Park, New York. is the columns of granite for the choir: There arc over a score of them, and they are the !nr?cst columns ever quarried. Two of them are 5PIft, in length, while, another six mesr 51ft. in length. These nillars are in cue piece, and n special lathe had to be I dcsig-ùefl and built to turn them. The ship- pmg' of thc-o columns from the quarries nrd the transportation of them through the streets of New York wag quite an' engineer- ing fe?t. The two' larger columns weigh no lC03S th&n 160 tons apieco. It took 'nine- teeB diy,, to-transrort one of them k"welv; miles, and the feat was accomplished by H 40 horse-power tr.action ergine. The cathedral, the nrst to be erected in the New World, was commOticed sp far back as 1893. When comnleted it will be a little larger than St. Paul's in London, and possess a seating' capacity of 7,060.
A BAMBCO ORGAN. J
A BAMBCO ORGAN. J After nfty rears' of service the bamboo organ of'the Church of St. Francis Xavicf. Tungkadoo. Shanghai, is still iu fairly'good conQitien. but as metal pipes are to TCp!nc<- the bamboo, the noted instrument wil! lose much of its public interest. In a recent issue of the "North China Daily News" the following comment appears, regarding tlic- tone of the historic bamboo organ:—"It would be better if it were completely in tune. for a long ware beat, sim:lar to the short one which gives the beauty of the tremulous vox col"estie,, betrays the fact that it i.) not. Possibly it never wa, for bamboo doe-s seem refractory stuS' for organ building.. Despite this, however, the tone is sweet, if somewhat woolly,' and the whole instrument' spea.ks volumes .for the skill ot those Jren who. using only materials imme- fLM.tely to hand, were able to devise an organ pleasing to the eaj- and able 1p defy the severest test—that of time."
.A .PRIMITIVE WEAPON.I
A PRIMITIVE WEAPON. I The Indians of the Interior of'British Guiana kill their game as well as the birds of the forest hy means of the blowgun or blowpipe. Although a primitive weapon it is very in?euiou?y constructed. It con-ri,-ts of two tubes, one within the other, separ- ated by wrapping's of fibre or cotton cemented in place by bees'-wax or gum. At oae end one or two teeth of animals are at- tached which serve jM a sight, while at the other a mouthpiece is fitted. Through the tube the native nres or blows darts, &bout the size of steel knitting needles, made of the silvers of palm-leaf midrib.In the hands of the Guiana native the Mowpipp is a terrible weapon. They make sore of kill- ing the larger animals by dipping' the little darts into a strong vegetable poison.
FLOURLESS BREA9. )
FLOURLESS BREA9. ) Several German newspapers have printed I reports of experiments in "making bread direct from the grain without Ryst grinding it to Soitr. This is done simply by soaking the grain in water and kneading it into dough. It is claimed, however, that this method was tried thirty years ago, but has never been used, except in* small bakeries, and the expectations of obtaining a larg-€ quantity of bread in this way hav€ not been realised. Using -the §rain itself. soaked in water, would save about 1 1-2 pe.r cent. ordinarily Ioi?t .in dust. Evpn tnen what might be gained m weight would be loar ia nntrition, as the bread made of g/Tlia vould .contam maay impurittea.
ISEAWEEB FOR HGR5ES. ,I
SEAWEEB FOR HGR5ES. I Expcrimonta with seaweed as a diet for hors, made by M. Adrian of the French Ministry of War, first, upon sick horaes ,and then upon strong cavalry mounts, demon- not outy would the animals cat the sca"('ed but that these fed upon i< iHstca.d of oots g-i-cw- heavier than those ffd upon oatR. M. Adrian-sa-ys 75 pounds of sc-a,A,ee,d equ4ls 100 pounds of oats. The sa!t M cxtrHct<si from the sca'.vecd by a j ,x,c :I
IN THE POULTRY YARD.I
IN THE POULTRY YARD. I Bv COCKCROW. 1 BETTER FOOD PROSPECTS. i Better times are coming. H was natural. of course, to suppose that the end ef the waf would mean also, sooner or lat-cr, the end of fqod restrictioNs and a return to the older and .happier condition of things when there was plenty of good food available for hens and hruaans—so !ony as the humans had the money to buy it with. The restric- tjOns were bouad to be removed, as I say, sooner or later; but experience of onitial methods led one to fear thht it' mig'ht be later, or at any rste not as sooH as we Should Eke, There does n'ot seem to have %cen any hurry to remove the restrictions, but th-erc are nty doubt di)Ecu!ties of one sort and another of which outsiders know nothing. it is satisfactory to nntc that Mr. T. W. Toovey. the Chairman cf the Board of Agriculture's Poultry Advisory Com- mittee. who is one of thc.e who do know, is on the side of the optiisists. TV.0 food situation, says Mr. Tcovey, is more hopeful, and the PÛ;;iti01J. with regnTd THE OUTLOOK FOR BREEDERS. to oi7a.!s has greatly Im-' a I ccusidcrabic (p.antity of chiok food will 1x) avaiIaMc, aj<d this mcMs tliat the cut- !001. for breeders is a. much mor? cheering onp than p-K'mod to be at alt prr.baMc a fGY<' \v<Mka ago. We mav kd iirct'v confd-ert thr:t the worst of our t''oub!<'s In 11';?; ?fitter of food for the fow? are now ever. Th.py have l)ccu scrMus enough, but I .euppose a;? of us will be rca<iy to admit that they n:ig'ht. have K'C a very gr<'at dfaL wor?c, aud that, on the whole, we have been able to carry I on with much let.3 tHf?culty thr.n ?me of T!s anticipated. From now onwards tiK' posi- tion shculd graditally ImprcYc until we get baek to the pre-war 'state of things. That sta.s'c will. of-course, not be rcacl-ted m a few days, nor a f<?w weckg, rtOr, it may KEXT YEAR. be. a few mor.tus; but n:<? fact i li,.i t I when thev do co;e, will be icr the better, is at any rate s. corr.fert by ccnt'-ast with the condition of things during theIastthK-e or four years, when every new restriction made tliiyigi harder for the poultry-keeper. W-e cnn now look ahead with con,fÜl('uce a,:d lay our plans with ,Io tlicii out. ho'K- ef helMg' 311-e to c:'rry them out. TiKre -,Ii,)u44. be g"!cat dovelopinenta in tb IJ'etJltry itiduatry in the coming time, and thongil uoxt year may uoL witness any f!'l'at strides, it is pr'ctty oel'tain that it will be a much better YNlT for breeders th?i the .war y" e-ars have been. Bv this t i ?-ic riest t h Q,?-e v?-ill l?o muc h l irger time next ye?r there wiH Lo s, muchlarger poultry pc't'.u?tian than tT?c is nt the pr-c- &cnt tii-uc, aud the heu-:e c.ntpu'c of eggs wiM have increased prcdigiomly I hcpe. Ii v.-ords a'o for :1llVthhQ", we shall see L3 Lhe coming years a larger number of UyiMTT STOCK WAXTKO- people get Lng a Iivujg out cfthcl:<nd. T-iis olie of the planks m tha platform of rccPK''ti'ucti<:)U. More land und<?r cultivation n:ra:1S Mere fartECM, small holiiii,,s wui be- come r;mch more numerous thau th-ey arc :t present. tnd wherever there is a s:na!I IHldillg with a house and any sort of a there a.'re pictty Euie to be fowls'. For years to come the 'demand for b'rds of the utility breeds will be con- bntly gI'o',dng, Bre.eders arc going to hove a better chance tLa.n they l.a.Tc had for many year. if domg- -ocA biis;iicss. It is the chance they have waited for. long and u:'pntK:\tly, and th<'y };< trusted to take advantage of it 'by' the kind of stock that. wiH be 'wanted. One of the coinl-,],iints to which chicks are liable is worms. When attacked the growth WOETIS IN CLICKS. of the chicks is .rrested, and' though they eat i;avzn- <yusly tt-cy make no pro- gr<r?s. They may lose head I and r.t'ck feather-, and, it it wUi b? found that their skin M very tight- alwys [t La,a sign. When chickens are in condition the skin should be softened with v i r, Chickens with worms cat a gce-d d-?a.l more ULan their preper share of iocd,. but get no beneSt from it, because the wcrnis take of the nutriment. A rp'n<'dy for this .complaint ie to let the chickens for twenty-four hours, giving them nothing but water. Then month-old checks should be p.iven a do&e of roup powder, a heaped t('a.:ponful beirtg 8ufticieat for It should be mixed with n. fat amI When the chicks arc few in i: umber Uie stuff F.houM be made up into pe¡\b and dropped down their throats, but if many are to be treated it may be thrown dmm for theni to pick it up. They win do that fa'-t enough after fsKting for twenty-four hours. Two hourg thnn a !oon feed of hot soft food. Stewed ]::nc'<'d should be mixed with cl1lckens' meaL and the wntcr in which it lias 'been stewed should be giv(-Il to the chicks. On tho iioD'Ktg'after they have taken the.roup p-.v/der Epsom salts should be given in the nLcrnins' rnea!, in t'!ic proportion of a tca- epoonfu! to four month-old chicks.. At this time of year it sometimes happens that pullets which ha.Ve been baying weil aH LAYKBS' CRAStP. through autumn lose the j use of their legs suddenlÿ. This is due to whs,t is knowt (1'; layers' cramp." Unluckily I it is ('nf'rally the best layers that are attacked in thi;? fashion, and it therefore pays to get them into trim again as soon as poiW.e. The birds; as n. rule. show no other' i-ign 'of nines'); they have gocd appetites &ud appear to be in exceHent condit.:OTi. le?,- w€akn<S6 Y.-iU probably be observed &i iced- ing-tim, and a bi.rd that has th<; ccrnplaint v.'i!l sit. She should at once be placed hy, heT&clf in a warm, dry coop with a good spread of aoit Utter on the itoor. It is a good thing to batho her IcgtS in moderately hot wator for a minute or two, then wipe them drv, :Ütd aftcTw.ards rub them weM with F,Q;TIe good embrocation'. Some attention to the diet will be iiecks-arv. No soft fOQd should be given to the patient, and, beside!" grain, she should have plenty of gocd, sound vegetable food. Feather-eating Is a common vice among lowls, but it is not dinicult to cure if the FEATHER- EAT1XG. birds are treated in tnc I emiy stages. The usual can.ses pf this nuManec &.re I —idleness, absence of shell- forn:mg' material," and the irritation caused I to the bird by the presence of an insect at the root of tho fca.thers. If a bird is caught pit-cl-ing out its, feathers or the feathers of cue of its companions, the thillg to do is to kill it, as otherwise it will spoil the. who!e Sock. If, however, it is a va!uabte bird, it should be isolated for a fe\T -weeks. Bare parts should be rubbed, every day with a mixture of ten parts vaacUne and one part carbolic acid. A little bone meal or gre()u cut bone should be given in the mornink r&tion, and plenty of green food and grit should be provided.
[No title]
Siac? ?U p'ust 5, 19!4. U?rc wCl'csl1iPWr:l I from Ff-n?stoT.a 8612,323 pnsscngera, 36.6M motor cyc?c?, I4,C?O,4G1 h;?s cf Go?'er! jiMut, .:?.<;?? ?ud &4.01J .?fh? cf R-?d Crohs' .stores. The Grand of the ()j..2r.r of th.? Redcemc' v.-zs warred 0:1 B:hOp of L(,:}- don hM Visit to Grc..2c.
! TOLL OF THE U-BOATS. ! ¡1
TOLL OF THE U-BOATS. ¡ I NET BRITISH LOSSES NEARLY I < 3,SOO.OCO TOMS. A White Paper has been issued showino for the United Kingdom and for the world, I in the period August, 1914, to October, 19-18, lossea by enersy action and marine risk, merchant shipbuilding output, and enemy toiinage caprured and brought ,into service. The rate of output of merchant tonnage in the United Kingdom h,s not yet over- takeu the rate of British losses in any corn- pk'tod quarter; but if the tonnage, pur- chased abroad is taken into account the losses during the nve months June to October are balanced by the gains. The following summarises the position, of world tonnage on October 31: Losses, 15,053.736; gains, new construe- tion, 10.8-19,527; enemy tonnage captured, 2,39:2,675; ne-c loss, 1,811,584 gi-oss tons. The position as to British tonnage on October 31, exclusive of transfers to and from the British na.g, was as under: Losses, '9,031.828; gains, new construc- tion, United Kingdom, 4,342,2f 5; pujchasca abroad, 530.000; enemv tonnage captured, 716,520; net loss, 3,443,012 gross tons. Since October 31 the tonnage lost by enemy action has been: British, 11,916; foreign, 2.15H.
-I.INSCRIPTIONS ON WAR GRAVES,…
I. INSCRIPTIONS ON WAR GRAVES, j .The Imperial War Graves Commission, in c.rdcr to remove uncertainty as to the in- scriptions' on headstones in war cemeteries, state:— I On each headstone" will be inscribed the apnropria.be religious symbol—the Cross for Christians, th<; Sign of David for Jews, the badg'e of the regiment or other un-it, name, rank, regiment, and date of de&th. The cost wHi 'be borne by the Government. Relatives may add at their own cost a short text or verse (limited to three lines) 1 cho&sn by th'cmseh'es.
I--BRITAIN AND CONSCRIPTJON.I
I- BRITAIN AND CONSCRIPTJON. I Mr. Churchill, addressing a meeting of women electors at Dundee, was asked tf he I favourpd the abolition of conscription. He paid that tLe representatives or the British Go"rnmcnt won!d go to the Peace Confer- I ence to demand general nnd absolute aboli. < Von of Europe. I "Ui
WONDERFUL ROPE RAILWAY.
WONDERFUL ROPE RAILWAY. An serial ropev.-ay is about to be con- structed. across the Ahdc. r,t a point where they'ril' to a height; of 11,00-0 feet. It is to connect the two CoInn,bi:!U cities 'of Ma:iquita. and Mauizarc.s. the mighty mountaiu range at & point half-way between pa.ch. This rop<'way is an cxtpnsion of a raUway H!a,t is alicady working. The pow<T is sup- plied by water brong-ht from a higher alti- tude to th,? 1)0'1' plant. tlu-2c milfsfrom Marlquita. It \vm he C-0E;tructed in twelve .sections, and at e,,cli jmwtjoJl a motor cap- aMe of h:r.!li-hg tho(>: n'ad of tv.'p sections is to bp Ln.st;;n'c'd, so that. should or!<' moter be disabled, the motors on cither side will be able to' carry the Ioa<I without holding' up the h'n tHe. Another great ciiginceriiig feat that was carrMd CHt on these .p)(,H1(]nntains some y€Hrs ago is the turmcl v hifh connects th<e railway between En&noB Ayrcs and Val- paraiso. Previously one had to cross this bit of mountum country i.n a coach or oa a mule when thf'rc was ice sbout, an undertaking mere adventurous than comfortable. —————— ?t.—————
WHY CHEQUES WERE INTRODUCED.I
WHY CHEQUES WERE INTRODUCED. I I Who would imagine that the -,vorld of business is indebted to Lop.don fogsf for the bank cheque? Yet such is the claim. Some- thih,g like a hundred years atro the attacks of thieves and highwaymen in the streets of London upon bank messengers and trades— men going to settle their bills were a. frequent occurrence in times of heavy fog. These attacks became so, serious as to inter- fere with the conduct of London's business. It was easy for the thief to ambush hia victim, club him ur.Ml he 'was insensible, rob hint, and then disappear into the fog, with Iitt!e likelihood of apprehension or idcntincation, or thxt passcrs-by would see him conHnit his cri:ne. bankeTS, tradpft- men, and other; Si't their wits to work, with the result that the bank cheque was .devised for the payment of debts. Soon the high- waymen found that n few pieces of paper were all the bopty they were likely to get from a-victimi Accordingly the activities of the daylight robbers soon came to an end, but the convenience of the bank cheque proved so g-reat that it survived not only in London, but waa adopted throughout the civilised world.
! LOWLIVED B!RBS. I
LOWLIVED B!RBS. I ¡ The question --of which birds live the I lougc-sthas never been settled satisfactorily. But the raven comes very high in the list. and is said to reach tho great age of two hundred years. Eagles and vultures also enjoy long lives. Indeed, an eagle-owl ia know to have lived ninety years in captivity. In this..particu- lar c.a,<o,-e, the bird began to lay eggs after nfty years, and during the last forty afff of its life brought up numei'OKs little one. A hundred years is probably a conserva- tive estimate of a parrot's age, and it is re- corded that one of these birds also started nesting after thirty years of captivity. With ordinary luck, both the crow and the swan may reasonably expect a century of life. It is not by any means the largest birds thut enjoy the longest lives. For instance, the sparrow sometimes celebrate, his fortieth birthday. Other ages reached by birds are: Hens, 10 years; pheasant? and partridges, 15 years; !ai'ks and nightingales. 18 years; I pigeons. 20 years; canaries, S4 years; 'pe&- cocks, 30 years; and herons. 60 years.
INTERESTING FACTS FRO 1<1…
INTERESTING FACTS FRO 1<1 THE OCEAN I -—— t About seven per cent. of the ocean is lesa than 600ft. in depth,, and more than 60 per cent. is more than two and a half miles in ,depth. About forty-three places have been discovered In the ocean where it is over three and a half mileR deep. The deepest spot known is near the island of Guam, where tite water waa six miles deep. Most people imagine tho temperature of the water to be 'comparatively high, but scientists telL us that 92 per cent. of sea water is below forty decrees Fahrenheit. I The water on the surface is considerably warmer, and the shallow seas have a- higher temperature than the deep ones. ) At every depth some form of animal life } has been discovered which varies in cha- raider with the depth below the surface. At < the depth of two milea the weight of the I water is more than two tons to a square Inch, or more than 260 times that of the surface. All plint-life ceases at a depth of 300ft., but below this point many forms of animal life have been discovered.
? NOTES ON NEWS. !
? NOTES ON NEWS. t The ra.ilwa.ymen have certainly <ton0 very wcil for themselves.* Poorly paid as I RAH.WAY- MEN'S S LJCCESS. they wem before tho war, tli(,y 1-tave secured from timo to time sub- stantial additions to, their wages, and tney hav0t How got from the Government tlvJ con* cession of an eight-hour working d]y into the bargain. Sympathetic considoraticn of this demand was promised to them last year, and they have not allowed the grass to grow under their feet since tho armia*- tice was signed. The crisis was short. the ra.ilwa.ymen could not wait until after the General Election, they said. If the demand were not conceded no trains would be running. That was their ultima.tumf and it proved to bo a highly effective one. The action of the railwaymen may he open to criticism from the point of vi')w of time' and. method, as previous actions of theirs during the war have been, but not' much pront Hes in such criticism. Tho II r:iih..aymen cn always retort that though their methods may bo rough and even menacing, they have bc?n strikingly Euc- cc'ssful, 'and that from their point of view tha,t is all that matters. Their ellil-If, cane ¡ h&rdly stand alcno. Having concedr-d the' I principle of an eight-hour ch,y i'or i<ulway- I men, the GoVemment will no doubt be ealled upon to see that it is adopted for other classes of workers, v.-ho, with this c-xaniple of the Ünm:'Üiate of (C direct methods beforp theu' pyes, can scarcely be expected to hesitate much before adopting th&m on their own ac- I count. Public opinion wa?; pretty well prepared < for the announcement tl)at the Govcrn- STATE RAILWAYS. mc-nt has on the nationalisation, of the railways. Even betore tlle this if-i,tter was coming into the sphere of "practlcal poli- tics," and Avhen the Government took con- trol of the railways at the- outbreak of wa.r there were many who believed they would never bo handed back to the corn- patfies. to he worked as in pre-war <lays. [ Such a. thing seems indeed no\v impossible. It would have placed 'O,he companies in a. hopeless position. Some of them not too prospN'ous before and they would now have to' pay ¡:lc!'eased wages representing a VlSt amount, besides having to enlarg e their staif because oi the shorter working day now conceded. Thcv would at the same time have had to meet an urgent demand for a reduction of faros from the present standard. They could not possibly have carried on as paying concerns. They would pro- I bably "have endeavoured to ilud sah's- rion in ccrabina.tion, and we should have had one gigantic ra'lv.-ay company instead of many. The combine wo'.dd, of' course, have been run to make pr'nt for th<' shareholders, and the intc\J"t.:Zt, of the general public might have sun'erc.d. State railways will be controlied by the nation for the nation, and the result sho-ld be heneueia.1 in every way. The words of Mr. Lloyd George when expressing sym- pathy with ..the propc.sal in lla'ch !ast l11:W DC rheaÜed. He said: "The credit' of the State would enable them to pay lo¡'er interest for borrowed capital, to pay better wages to railway workers, and to provide better. fa,cÜities to the tl-aA'Glling and the tradir: puhEc," Both the HohonxcUer.ts, senior and junior, ha.ve been tclhng intervicwGrs that TEE HOHFX. ZOLLERNS. t'-ic \v3.r was not then fsu!t. Tho ex-Kaiser pnts an the hlanl on his Min'stors and "'enerais. It appears they 'settled the whole affair between them, and packed him'off out of the way as soon as things began to get interesting. He.' good, peaceful man, had to go on a yachting trip. and was happy enough in his innocence till ho heard th8!t the British Fleet was about.. Then 'he got scared and harried home, bat too iatu to stop the war. This is a. little too thin. It gives a picture much too meek of the fire-eating, sdbre-rattllr.g Ail-Highest War Lord we have learned to know in the last few years. The ex-Crcv.'n Prince Rot only disclaims' any responsibility for thf < begin- ning of the war—ho also was aw'ay, it seems—but declares' tha.t ho h.a3 ('(msis- tently opposed the suciMDne war, the :<ir I mds on open towns, aud ail tho other crMtea which tho z,, i-, s have com- mitted. He protested again <md again, he tells us, hut whenever he opened his mouth they, told him to run away and command his army fnù 'not to interfere l? is wry, In these high matters. It. is n.U wry, very different from the information we li\vc reeaivecl of Holic,.nzollern junior's doings anrl .sayings during the war. And we se.' m to rernemhey, too, that he toid Mr. Gerard hffore. tife war that when he came to the thrnne he would have a war for .th'e fun of the thing." Apparently it has uot proved as amusing as he had hoped. Though many thousands of women t%,ho have been doing war work will remain in DOMESTIC SRRVICE DIFFICULTY. the (.'mpioyed in P(',1:'O vroduction, ti,,c--e l1\;st bo niany who will, icr cno reason or I 1, I another, wish to return to their pre-war occupations, and there will be a considerable addition to this class when the men come. homo. But there arc. some occupations, one imagines, th.t will be less attractive thon they were in former years. Take domestic r.3rTice, for instance. The difficulty of obtaining aarTa.nts was serious before the war, and, it certainly will not he less so Bow, after girls have been engaged in work which has brought them much better pay for shorter hours. They \viU probaMy expect wages which the average employer of a "general" will be' quite unah10 to pay- Many a housewife who befure the war em- ployed a ;ilai(i of all work will now have to do the wark herself with the assistance of a charwoman a <iay or two a week—if she can get a. charwoman. There should be a good saJo for household labour-saving- deviccs.
MJKE OF GMFTON DEAD.
MJKE OF GMFTON DEAD. The Duke of Graftou L-ag died &t htg resi- deuce. Wakcneld Lodge, StcHy Stratford, in, his 98th year. Educated at Harrow,, he joined the 60th Rifles in 1837, traneferring' to the Coldstream Gunds two years !a.t<T. He served in the Crimean war, and wa? severely wounded at iBkcrinsE, 'bdng' shot through the Deck and Jaw. He retire from the Aroy with the rank of lieutr- -eiteral. He was the oldest member of the- House of Lords, thc-sgh not its Father, aa he did not succeed to the title until 1883. He is succeeded by the Ear] of Eustoa, tb6' eldest surviving'" SCD, vïlw ig in his ætb-: year.