County Observer and Monmouthshire Central Advertiser Abergavenny and Raglan Herald Usk and Pontypool Messenger and Chepstow Argus

CURRENT TOPICS. I ON THE VALUE OF HUMAN LIFE. Mr (Joombes, the French Premier, offered some remarks which are of cosmopolitan interest on the occasion of the funeral of the victims of the railway disaster in Paris All that we can do, and shall do," he said, "is to estimate the value of human life a thousand times higher than the material profit resulting from the progress of science, and to shirk no labour or sacrifice to protect it." There is not the least occasion for panic in reference to the con- dition of underground railways in London. but at the same time it is scarcely likely that joint stock companies, which, while rendering a public service, are at the same time registered for the purpose of making money, will quite rise to the standard which has been set before ua by Mr Coombes. It is therefore necessary that some Govern- ment Department should be given a very real control over these enterprises, with the object of assuring that the safety of life should not be made a consideration secondary to the earning of dividends. t, LORD GOSCHEN AND PUBLIC LIBRARIES. Lord Q-oschen, in his speech at Oxford, expressed a wish that there were a closer relation between the University Extension movement and the public libraries, and the majority of people who have given any thought to the subject will agree with him. There is, as Mr Birrell has remarked, a large and increasing taste for reading among the middle classes, but the fact is only too apparent that much of their reading is ixnsruided, and ill-directed. Any movement, directed by capable men, which would have the effect of reducing this waste, would be in many ways a great boon. There are thousands of people who would be glad to engage in systematic reading under such direction as that which Lord Goschen seems to suggest, but they ought to be given something to shew for their reading. If the method adopted was a sound one, the fact that the examinations had been passed Would be in itself an evidence of some scholarship, and the students ought to be given some certificate which would be recognised generally as a witness to the holder's capacity. Such certificates are already issued by some educational bodies, but, as a rule, they do not testify to a sufficiently extended course of study to command much attention from employers. ON LIBRARIANS, There is great force in the comment of Lord Goschen that the success and utility of a public library might be measured to a large extent by the affability and eompetence of the librarian. The remark helps us to appreciate the importance of the work which a librarian is able to do, and emphasises the necessity for appointing suitable men to such positions. Of course if the best men are to be appointed they must be paid an adequate salary, but it is Tory poor economy to establish a public library at a cost of some thousands of pounds, and to place in charge of it a man who does not know, and does not want to know, anything about the insides of the books of which he is placed in charge. As Lord Goschen said, a librarian is wanted who will suffer fools gladly," not a man who will laugh at their stupidity, but one who will help them to become less stupid. It is evident that an educated and tactful librarian has great opportunities, and that A man who is something very much more than a mere machine for giving out books merits in a large degree the thanks of the public. SCHOOLMASTERS AND CANING. There are one or two cases in which the law very properly prohibits criminal pro- ceedings until the complainant has satisfied some authority-that he has at least a prima facie case. There is some reason for saying that that is a principle which might be applied even more than it is, and a case in point is afforded by the decision of the magistrate at London Police Court, to whom application was made for a summons against a school teacher for caning a boy His worship having listened to the com- plaint stated that he would allow a summons to issue if a medical man certified that the caning was unnecessarily severe. Apart from any question of the merits,of this par- ticular application, the requirement is one which might reasonably be made in all cases of the kind. In the old days a boy who was thrashed at school said nothing about it, and the last thing he would have thought of was to go whining to his parents. Now if a boy is caned, however much he may deserve the punishment, his parents in many instances want the whole college of surgeons to attend to his wounds, and the teacher who has administered the chastise- ment must be dragged before a criminal j court to answer a complaint which the magistrates, as likely as not, declare to be frivolous. It is easy enough to obtain a doctor's certificate where there has been any real cruelty, and if the complainant establishes his case the magistrate will take I very good care that the defendant reim- burses the cost of procuring the document. With such a safeguard there would be no hardship in requiring the complainant^ to show preliminarily that he has something approaching a case, and at the same time the teacher would often be spared the annoyance of being placed before the dock for having discharged, in a perfectly proper manner, an unpleasant duty. MR. CARNEGIE AND DUNFERMLINE. One can but admire the spirit in which Mr Carnegie has declared to the trustees his wishes in reference to the noble gift which he has made to the town of Dunfermline His injunction to the trustees that they should not be afraid of making mistakes, 0 with the addendum that those who never make mistakes never make anything," must encourage the trustees in initiative and self- reliance, which are very important factors in any great undertaking. It was the encouragement of initiative on the part of subordinate leaders which was the main cause of the success of the Germans in the campaign of 1870-1. The French, while they were awaiting orders from head- quarters, were destroyed by a force of which they did not even suspect the existence, although the plan had been carefully formulated, and was an essential part of Prussian system TELL-TALE MILK JUGS. A danger, which is probably unsuspected by the majority of householders, has been revealed at the expense of a resident in Bromley, Kent. Some prowlers were going their rounds, when they noticed a milk jug on some front steps, and concluded from this evidence that there was nobody at home. They adopted the most effectual mode of ascertaining whether their surmise was correct, and, as it proved to be well founded, they were able to make off with property of some value. It is unnecessary to state the moral of this story. I TURKISH AFFAIRS. I Nobody in Britain is likely to attach too much importance to the ready acceptance by Turkey of the Russian demands. Some of the reforms embodied in the Russian note would be advantageous, but as the leopard cannot change his spots, neither can Turkey depart from the traditions of centuries. No doubt she has in this insurrection to deal with people who would be a sore trouble to any Power, many of whom are always ready for fi.!hting, and are not very particular as to whether the cau..¡e which they embrace is a just one or not. But the Turks who, like the Bourbons, learn nothing and forget nothiug, have brought all these anxieties upon themselves, and even though the Powers may succeed in restoring peace, yet it is pretty certaiu that, soouer or later, the same difficulties I will arise again. THE NORMAN INVASION. I An interesting gatheriug took place last week at Hastings, when history repeated itself in the visit to our shores of Le Souvenir Normand, whose pacific invasion was welcomed with cordial hospitality by the people of Hastings. They came, among other things, to honour the memory of Ie brave Harold le Saxoo," and we can readily pardou a little inaccuracy in the inscription which stated that the slab of French marble which they brought with them, marked the tomb of the English King. Duke William, when be defeated the English at Battle, is said to have caused the body of the King to be buried beneath a heap of stones on the Sussex coast. "Harold," he said, "mounted guard on the coast while he was alive he may continue his guard now he is dead." The body was subse- quently exhumed and removed to Waltham where it was interred by the high altar, but there is now no trace of the tomb. It was impossible therefore for our Norman friends to honour the resting place of Harold's remains, but they did the best thing under the circumstances when they placed a tablet on or near the spot where the last of the Saxon Kings fought with heroic valour, where the fatal arrow pierced his eye where at Ust he was beaten to the earth, and with him the Saxon banuer was beaten down, like him, never to rise gain. HOLIDAYS SPENT IN BRITAIN. I There is said to be, during the present holiday season, a greater disposition to visit places in Britain rather than to go abroad. If that is so, our French neighbours will be accusing us of ingratitude, but while there are advantages in a holiday abroad, especially in the completeness of the change which it offers, at the same time it is well that some of those people, who have been travelling annually to the continent, should so far modify their plans as to enable them to see something of the beauties of their own country, which are not surpassed by anything of the same kind that can be seen on the continent. This fact was appreciated by the Frenchman who was travelling through West Kent on his way from Dover to London-" I cannot understand," be said, why the English people go to the Riviera when they have scenery like this, a few miles from their own capital." And what he said of West Kent could be said with equal justice of many other parts of England, as well as of W ale, Ireland, and Scotland. O.H.M. S. I The Birmingham man who addressed a letter On His Majesty's Service" to the Kingston magistrates seems to have had rather too liberal an opinioa of the privileges of the Magisterial Bench- But his mistake serves to draw attention to an anomaly of which some notice should be taken. There are certain Government offices to which letters may be sent without paying postage, and one might suppose that a list of those offices would be printed in the Post Office Guide, which extends to between 500 and 600 pages, but although there is a bewildering multitude of rules and regulations, yet one may look in vain for a list of those offices and officials that are entitled to receive service letters. No doubt, the Post Office derives a lubstantial revenue from letters vhich are needlessly stamped, but one does not expect to find a Government Dapartment laying itself opan to the suggestion that its policy is to MAke money—honestly if it can-but to make money. KISSING THE BIBLE. Allusion has frequently been made to the danger of infection, which besets the use of one copy of the Testament for swearing all witnesses in the police and other courts. The risk is diminished by some witnesses who open the book and kiss some of the leaves, while sn other cases an election is made of the Scottish form of oath, which does not involve the use of the book. A third expedient has been discovered by a gentleman at Newcastle, who brought with him to the County Court a small Testament of his own. This remedy is so simple that it is a matter for wonder that others have not reiorted to it. The learned judge evidently approved of the witness's caution, and declared that he would not touch for a thousand pounds the book which was in common use at the court. I OVER-CROWDING. I Reports from Norfolk serve to remind us that the over-crowding question is one that concerns, not only the great towns, but many rural districts. In one case twelve persons were in the habit of sleeping in two bedrooms, and it was not until diphtheria broke ont in the house that the attention of the local authority was called to the gravity of the situation. Had they been informed of the facts earlier it is difficult to see what they could have done, for it is one of the most melancholy elements of the over- crowding question, that the application of those remedies which the law prescribes does not tend to diminish the evil, but rather to aggravate it. No doubt, there are many similar cases in other country places, but it is rarely that the attention of the public is drawn to them.

1 POyOU DRINK LIME JUICE ? 1 £ »& £ ? S ||1|| PUREUME-FRWT JUICE |B|p Ppf r~^ £ l fig If!! ii w H II 8 nxn p

I In South Eastern Europe. Mr Balfour remarked, just before the prorogation of Parliament, that it was not the duty of the Government to endeavour to apportion the blame among those who are responsible for recent events in Macedonia. but rather to improve the condition of things that is to be found in that part of Europe. No doubt that is the correct attitude for a responsible minister, but the ordinary man is tempted to carry the inquiry a little further, and to ask whose fault it is that the chronic state of unrest in South Eastern Europe has once again developed into a state of war. It is impossible to answer the question by reference to one nationality alone, but the vast majority of people are satisfied that the Turk is to blame, whoever else may be. Since Amurath in 1360 ravaged Servia, the Mussulmans have persecuted the Christians with consistent ferocity. For that policy they have the warrant of the Koran, Wherever ye find them, kill them, and turn them out of that whereof they have dispossessed you," but while it may be a satisfaction to the Turks to appeal to the I SANCTIONS OF THEIR RELIGION one can easily believe that if their religion directed otherwise, these semi-barbarians would either alter their creed, or ignore it. However that may be we know that one bloody Semper Eadem has been the motto ot the Turks during the last thousand years, and from that fact we may estimate the probability that "the wasteful and disgusting Empire of the Turk will ever embark upon permanent reform. The present condition of Macedonia is deplor- able, but it is by no means unprecedented. The insurgents have ventured to meet the Mussulmans in arms, and have generally been defeated, but where they have found it possible, they have not been slow to wreak direct vengeance upon their adver- saries. That the Sultan's troops have retaliated by frightful outrages goes with- out saying. Inter alia we have the murder of a Russian consul, followed by the execution of two men who may or may not have been guilty parties, and in all directions such incidents are occurring as one usually finds reported when some barbarous people engage in conflict. Mr Balfour said that the policy of his Majesty's Government was to. support Russia and Austria in their efforts ty TO IMPROVE TUHKISH ADMINISTRATION, I and without doubt the best thing that could happen would ba for these Powers to insist upon reforms, and to afford practical evidence that they mean what they say. But so far their efforts do not appear to have had much effect, and although we hear of a Turkish reform programme, yet there is every reason to believe that the great majority of the reforms are illusory. Contemporaneously we find the Bulgarian Press censuring their Government for not having gone to the assistance of the Bulgarians in Macedonia, and so strong is the indignation in Bulgaria, that nobody need be surprised to find the subjects of Prince Ferdinand, allying themselves with the other people of the Balkan States to drive the Turks bag and baggage out of Europe. If they succeeded, the result would not be wholly advantageous, because some of these 80 called Christians are turbulent, treacherous and cruel, with most unsatisfactory notions as to the difference between meum and tuum. But in all probability they would not succeed, the Powers would most likely intervene, and would add another to the long list of last chances" which have been given to the Turk.

The Gleaner. HUMAN FiliNDS.-At Hanley on Wednesday James Hall, an ironworker, and Mary Hall, his wife, were further remanded on a charge of causing the death of their six months old child. The inquest was opened on Wednesday on the deceased and on another child of the accused, aged eighteen months. The Coroner said it was alleged that Mrs Hall put the children on the fire on Saturday while drunk. The inquest was adjourned.

MERRYWEATHER ON WATER SUPPLY AND FIRE PROTECTION of COUNTRY MANSIONS. EXPERTS SENT TO ALL PARTS TO Report on EXISTING Arrangements. WRITE FOR PAMPHLETS: MERRYWEATHER & SONS, 831 LONG ACRE, LONDON, W.C.

AN INHUMAN H UBB ANI). -Philip Thomas, a Cadoxton collier, was at Neath on Monday sent to gaol for two months hard labour without option for cruelty to his wife and two children, the elder two years old and the other an infant, a few weeks old. During the eleven weeks prior to these proceedings he had only given her 6s, and during the last seven weeks no money at all. He left her on the 27th of June, and the furniture, which had been held under a hire purchase agreement, had been taken, and the woman was left without a bed to lie upon. After the furniture had been taken the wife was confined, and had it not been for her parents she must either have flone to the workhouse or have been confined on the floor. The Saturday before defendant left his wife be actually went to London by an excursion. Mr Jeffreys, who prosecuted for the N.S.P.C.C., asked the justices to send the defendant to gaol, for no pecuniary punishment would fit the offence in this case.- Inspector Gibbs corroborated, and said the result of his inquiries showed that the wife was a clean, sober, and industrious, and highly-respectable woman.

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—1■BBgBWSBBL. ATTEMPTED SUICIDB.-David Jenningn, a married I collier, of Aberaman, tried to throw himself in front of a train on Monday. He was struck by the engine and badly injured. He lies at Aberdare Cottage Hospital in a serious condition.

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MB. CLIFFORD CORY AND ST. IVBS.—Mr Clifford Cory commenced a fortnight's campaign in the St. Ives Division on Tuesday night, addressing a Ives Division on Tuesday night, addressing a crowded gathering at Pendeen.

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Sir Thomas Lipton and the Cup. New York, Friday. The Sun quotes Sir Thomas Lipton as declaring that he will not make a fourth attempt to lift the- America Cup; he thinks he has; done enough.

No News of Miss Hickman. No confirmation is forthcoming- of the statement that Miss Hickman, the missing London lady doctor is at Brixton staying, wit friends.

Argyllshire Election Result. Argyllshire election: -Ainsworth.. 4,326; Stewart, 2,740.

Literature. i The opening numbers of "TheChristian Realm," I published by Horace Marshall & Son, 125, Fleet. street. E.G., price 3d, illustrated, give promise of a I magazine likely to grow in public favour. It starts each month with an able article by the Rev W. C. Chisholm on some well-known man in science or art —Lord Kelvin and Mr G. F. Watts, R.A., being amongst recent contributions. Several complete stories are given and a new serial by John Oxenham begins in October. A aeries of articles on "The Uses of Life," and Chats on Life and Literature," make good general reading in a magazine that is wholesome throughout." A Sermon to Preachers in the September part is an honest and practical attempt to solve the problem-" Why the masses do not attend public worship."

Salmon Fishing. I Several fishermen in the Gatoombe (Blakeney) district have taken a determined stand against the new bye-law which the Severn Board of Conservators have passed, i.e., that fishing with the lave and stopping nets should cease on the 16th of August, instead of August 31st as formerly. Some have accepted the situation and withdrawn from the contest, but a large number contend that the fresh rule was improperly passed, and that the fishermen did not receive proper notice of the change in the custom. They have continued fishing during the past week, and the water bailiffs having taken their names, several of the licensees have received sum- monses for having unlawfully used a net within the annual close time for takinar salmon then lawfully in force in that district. The cases will be heard at the Lydoey Petty Sessions early in September.

The Cape Parliament. I In the Cape House of Assembly on Wednesday the Premier announced that in consequence of the defeat of the Ministry on Tuesday they had determined to appeal to the country after the passing of the Appropriation Bill. Ou Thursday, the Bond party carried a motion to adjourn the debate on the Appropriation Bill, and the Premier thereupon moved the adjournment of the House, which was carried.

Cardinal Vauglian's Successor. I The Right Rev Francis Bourne, has been elected Archbishop of Westminster in succession to the late Cardinal Vaughan by the Congregation of the late Cardinal Vaughan by the Congregation of the Propaganda, presided over by Cardinal Gotti. His name was one of three submitted to Rome by the bishops of this country. The other candidates were Bishop Hedley, of Newport and Doui Gasquet, both Benedictines. Dr Bourne i. forty-two years old, and is the youngest Roman Catholic Bishop in England. He was raised to the Episcopate in 1896 by Cardinal Vaughan, who appointed him bishop-coadjutor of Southwark. A year later he took full charge of the see, where he has remained until the present. He was a great favourite of the late Pope Leo XIII., and when in Venice recently had a long interview with the present Pope, then Cardinal Sarto. Progressive, and inclined to movements of reform, he is one of the most advanced bishops in I the Roman Catholic Church in England.

I Ilfracombe Drowning Case. Two visitors at Ilfracombe, supposed to be a Mr and Mrs Thorne, of Hull, were killed at Ilfracombe on Tuesday night by falling from the cliffs. They left their lodgings to walk up Hillsborough Hill, but did not return, and their bodies were found in the sea on Wednesday morning. The bodies were mutilated by the fall upon the rooks. They were apparently well off, and the lady was wearing costly jewellery. Later telegrams state that the polioe have received information that the man is Detective J. Cherry, of the Hull City Police, and the woman is Miss Sarah Thorne, daughter of respcotable parents at Hull. Cherry has a wife but no family. He bad a fort- night's leave, and was known to be in Devon. Miss Thorne, who was a friend of his, was not known to be with him. At Ilfracombe they sought lodgings, taking the best sitting and bedroom, at a Mrs Macaulay's. They went out daily, attend- ing concerts every night. They were both very reserved. On Tuesday the man asked for notepaper. He then wrote a letter to his wife, saying he would be home the following evening. Other lodgers were in the house up to Monday night, but the newly- married couple, as they were looked upon, did not associate with anyone. It is supposed that after leaving the Kursaal concert on Tuesday night either both committed suicide, or one fell in the water and the other attempted to effect a rescue. There is evidence that they had a violent quarrel on the pier on the day they should have returned to Hull. but no one has been found who saw them in the water. The inquest takes place to-day (Friday). —

Sad Fatality at Tenby. I Mr Charles Hurlow, a member of the Tenby Town Council, and well known as the proprietor of the bathing machines on the North Shore at Tenby, has been missing fiom his home since Wednesday morning. A search was made, and on Thursday afternoon his body was found at the high wafer mark in the first bay, a little to the north- ward of Tenby. He had evidently fallen from the high cliff above the bay, and a wound seven inches loug was found on his head by Drs Reid and Knowling, who examined the body in the moituary. The skull, however, was not fractured. The tide had paused over the body while it lay on the beach, but whether death was caused by drowning or was the result of the injuries is not yet known. Death had taken place a considerable time before the body was found. Mr Hurlow was greatly respected in the town, and his tragic death is much regretted.

v 3" j^ow-movmg eyes are aiways round in the heads of persons of prudence and ability. Grey is said to be the colour of talent and shrewdness. Great thinkers have grey eves. 10 women they indicate a better head than heart. Grey eyes, however, are of many varieties. There are the sharp, tlie-shrewish, the spiteful, the cold, the pen etrating, the meditating, and the intellectual, but the fact remains that the grey represents the head. Round-eyed persons live much in the senses, but think less. Deep-seated eyes receive impres- sions more accurately, definitely, and deeply. Narrow-eyed person. less, but think more and teel more intensely. I

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American Squadron recalled from the Mediterranean. Washington, Friday. American Squadron of three war-- ships now in the Mediterranean has been ordered to proceed to Beyrout. President Roosevelt will demand' immediate satisfaction from Turkey for murder of American Vice- Consul.

I Another Alpine Disaster. Geneva, Friday. Two Englishmen with two guides; met with a mishap in the Bernese- Alps yesterday. One guide returned injured to Pontresina, nothing is. yet known of the fate of the rest of the party.

Cricket. Middlesex, out, 281. Worcester, 90, for none. Kent, 100, for 3 wickets.

Stocks. Stocks quiet, featureless.

AN AGED WOMAN IN TTIN WTE.—Mr M. Carter, coroner, at Courtfield Hotel, Ljdbroob, on Wednesday afternoon considered the fact. relating- to the death of Sarah Pitawav, 73, a widow, who resided alone at Quay-row, Lydbrook, which-, occurred under the following circumstancesOr* Saturday she was down in her garden picking beans, which were growing within 2ft. of the Wye. Mary- Davies heard a noise, and upon going to the spot saw Mrs Pitaway in the water. She called for- assistance, and Henry Bolton and John Ward suc- ceeded in gutting tho old lady out of the river. Dr- Linde was immediately in attendance, and artiricial respiration was resorted to, but the woman did not recover.—The jury returned a verdict of- "Accidentally drowned." SOUTH WALES AND MONMOUTHSHIRE A.A.A. COMMITTEE.—A meeting of the South Wales andL Monmouthshire A.A. A. Committee was held at the Grand Hotel, Cardiff, Mr Fairlamb in the chair.- An application from the Abergavenny Athletic Club was reoeived for permission to enter a team to- take part in the forthcoming inter-town sports at- Newport on the 29th inst. The application was, granted.—J. A. Williams, of Llinsamlet, was sus- pended until the next meeting of the committee, on the 29th inst, at Newport, for sending an incorracfc entry' to tho Gowerton Club Sports.-C. E. Watkins was reported as to his running at Tredegar and Newport, and must appear at the next meeting:" of the Committee and explain.—J. O. Beddoe, of Aberdare, was reported for not disclosing his win in the 120 yards hundicnp at Tredegar to the judges at the Pontypridd Athletic Clubs Sports on Banlc Holiday. It was decided to reprimand him.

0 ACCIDENTS OF ALL RINDS, EMPLOYERS' LIABILITY, ACCIDENT & DISEASE (Small Pox, Scarlet Fever, Typhoid, Diphtheria, &e)h BURGLARY & FIDELITY IN- SURANCE. RAILWAY PASSENGERS' ASSURANCE COMPANY., I Established 1849. Claims paid: £ 4,500,000^ 64, CORNHILL, LONDON. A. VIAN, Secretary. Agents required in Unrepresented Districts. Local Agent: Air. H. HBMMING, G.W. Railway,. Crane Street, Pontypool. Printed and Published by "THE COUNTY OBSERVER," NEWSPAPER and PRINTING COMPANY, Limited, by JAMES HENRY CLARK, at thair Offices, Bridge:" Street, Usk, in the County of Monmouth, Saturday t August 29th, 1903.