Papurau Newydd Cymru
Chwiliwch 15 miliwn o erthyglau papurau newydd Cymru
14 erthygl ar y dudalen hon
-GEIxiiRAl EE VIEW OF THE…
GEIxiiRAl EE VIEW OF THE G- iN h _n t YEAR. SOCIAL AND G E.i. BRAL. The King and Queen have, as usual, had a fcusy year, and their influence has been widely exercised on behalf of the welfare 0& humanity. The King hac; had no small share in preserving tthe peaoe of Europe during the anxious time of the War in the Far East, while the Queen and the otlier meinibeis of the Royal Family have given their services without stint to every worthy object. On January 2 the King and Queen, with Princess Victoria, arrived at Chateworth. on a -visit, to the DuJ<:e and Duchess of Devonshire, where they were right royally entertained; private theatricalt"cu an extensive s:ca-Ie, form- ing one of the chief ■aifcraetioiis of the pro- gramme. On the 7tih they drove to Buxton and inspected the hospital there. Observing the need for a new operating table, the King gener- ously presented onQ 0.1 the most improved kind to the institution. On the 9th the King returned to town and the Queen to Sandringham. On the following day the- King visited Wakner Castle, and made several regarding im- provements in the heufirf and grounds. On the 13th he received the Rev. W. W. Cariile, of the Church Army, at Buckingham Palace, and in. quired ciceely as to the work of that organisa- tion, the result being that he contributed the Bum of £ 100 to its funds. On the 22nd the King and Queen and other members of the Royal Family attended a service held at Frogmore Mausoleum in memory of Queen Victoria, that day being the fourth anniversary of her death. On the 24th the Prince of Walet3 arrived in Ire- land on a visit to Lord Arclilaun, and enjoyed eome excellent woodcock shooting on his lord- ebip's Galway iestaies. On the 28th the King unveiled a memorial in Windsor Garrison Church to the officers and men of the Guards wh'o fell in the South African War. The 31sit of January was an anxious day for the Royal Family, for on that date the Princess Victoria was operated upon for appendicitis. Happily, the operation was completely successful, and her Royal Highness rapidly regained her health and strength. On February 4 the King held a Council at Buckingham! Palace, afterwards leaving for Mentmore, and returning to London on the 8th. The Queen, evidently interested in what she had heard from the King regarding the work of the Church Army, invited (the Rev. W. W. Ca.rlile to the Palace, on the 9th, in order to hear from his own lips an ac- count of its various schemes for the uplifting and reclaiming of the fallen. On the 13th the Prince of Wales was appointed Warden of the Cinque Ports in suceeesion to Lord Curzon, and on the following day the King and Queen opened Parliament in State. Their Majesties first Court of the season was held at Buckingham Palace on the 17th, and was a very brilliant •affair: and a week later (24th) another Court •was held in the same place, which wae an equally splendid function. On the 27th the King paid a visit to Portsmouth, in order to wish "bon voyage" to Admiral Prince Louis of Battenfberg, ■who had been appointed to the North American Squadron. He was the guest of the Prince on board H.M.S. Drake, and on the following day, after reviewing the Royal Garrison Artillery, he returned to London. The King held his first Levee of the season at St. James's Palaoe on March 9, which was largely attended. On the 14th the Queen, ac- companied by Princess Victoria and Prince and Princess Charles of Denmark, arrived at Ports- mouth en route for Lisbon, but, owing to stormy weather, the royal yacht did not leave the har- bour until the 17th. The Prince of Wales held a Levee on behalf of His Majesty (who was Buffering from a slight cold) on the 16th, and on the IStih the Prince and. Princess opened a. new Technical Institute at East Ham. The Queen arrived safely at Lislbon after a stormy voyage 4m the 22nd, and received an enthusiastic wel- oome from the Portuguese people. She with her daughters and eon-in-law, were the guests ol the King and Queen, and the city was en fete during the time of their stay. Leaving this hoe- pi table port, the Royal party arrived at Cadiz on the 26th, and at Gibraltar on tihe 28th, leav- ing the Rock for Genoa on the 31st. After calling at Pialma, in the Balearic Islands, the Royal ya.dht arrived at Genoa on the 3rd of AnTil. Villefranche on the 4th, and Marseilles on the 5th. On April 5 the King left London for Dover, ■Calais, Paris, and Marseilles in order to meet the Queen on board the Royal yadht. At the little station of PJerrentte, outside Paris, he was met by President Loubet. The King invited him into the railway carriage, and a friendly conver- sation took place between the. two Chiefs of State while the train skirted round Paris to fthe Gare de Lyon. On the 7th the King arrived flit Marseilles, and joined the Royal party on Iboard the Victoria, and Albert. Setting sail from Marseilles, the Royal yacht made its way to Palma, Algiers, Philippeville, Constantine, Aiaccio, and back again to Marseilles, arriving at the latter port on the 28th. Here the King 3eft the yacht, which departed for Athens with the Queen and Royal party on board. On th6 29th His Majesty arrived in Paris, and received a. very hearty greeting from all classes. Nex-i diay he dined with President Loubet, and on .May 1 visited Versailles, continuing his journey | to London on the 4th. The Royal yacht, with the Quesn on board, arrived at Athens on May 2, where she was i-e greeted by her brother, of Greece, and Urn Royal Family. Aftsr^spending a week with 3ier relations, she sot iåil for Malta, arriving there on the 11th, and leaving again on the 34th. On the ISth the. Royal yacht was at { Algeciras, on the at Gibraltar, and on the 22nd at Villagareia, and on the 25th anchor "was cast off Weymouth, the Queen arriving in London on the 27th, after her extended cruise. Meanwhile, the King, on the 13th, inspected some new guns, and presented the Albert medal to several of the survivors of the Dogger Bank outrage, at Buckingham Palace. On the 19th he held' a levee at St. James's Palace, and in the afternoon proceeded to Dovercourt to review the Norfolk Artillery Militia. On the 24th he •witnessed military manoeuvres: at Frensham, and afterwards unveiled the Rpyal Army Medical Corps memorial at Phot. On the 25th he was present at the opening of the Naval end Military Tournais-e-ai: *9n the 29th, the King and Queen hf.1œ a CQurt at Buckingham Palace, and -terwirds attended a ball at Devonshire House. The next Court of the season was held on June 2, at Buckingham Palace. On June 5 King Alfonso of Spain arrived on a vieit to their Majesties, and on the 6th a State banquet was given in his honour at the Pa-lace. On the 8th King Edward and King Alfonso attended a Royal Review at Alderebot, and in the evening "witnessed a State opera performance at Covent Garden. On the following night a State Ball -was given at Bucking Palace, in honour of the Royal guest. On June 14 a great garden party •was given at .Buckingham Palace, in honour of the marriage rejoicings on the occasion of the •wedding of Prinfce Gustavue Adolphus of 'Sweden and Princess Margaret of Connaught. The wedding ceremony itself took place on the following day, at St. George's Chapel, in the presence of a brilliant --id illustrious congrega- tion of Royalties and members of the nobility. The London County Council steamboat service -was inaugurated by the Prince of Wales on the 17th, and on the nineteenth, the Court having jjioved to Windsor, the King and Queen received the Canadian delegates, who were then in this country. On the opening day of the Ascot Race Meeting, their Majesties drove in State procession from Windsor to the course. Sandhurst Royal Military College was visited' by the King on the 26th, and. on the 28th the King and Queen paid a visit to the Royal Agricultural Show at Park Royal. On the 29th their Majesties, with Prince and. Princess Arieugawa of Japan, attended a ball, given by the Duke and Duchess of Westminster at Groevenor House. The following day (30th) ■was held as the King's official birthday, but, ovring to the rain, the picturesque ceremony of trooping the colour had to be dispensed with. In the afternoon the King and Queen paid a ■jrodit to Harrow School. The inaugural service of St. Saviour's as the cathedral of the new diocese of Southwark was attended by the King and Queen on July 3. On the 12th their Majesties paid a visit to Sheffield, and opened the new buildings of the Sheffield University, On the same date the Princess of j WaleB gave birth to a son, who received in baptism" the names of John Charles Francis, On the 13th the King and) Queen proceeded to Manchester to open the new Ship Canal Dock, and to unveil the memorial to South African heroes at Salford. Bisley. Rifle Meeting was attended by the King on the 22tid, when he witnessed the final stages of the shooting for the King's Prize and the St. George's Vase. Their Majesties were, as usual, present at Goodwood, proceeding thence to Cowes, where, on August 7, he entertained the officers of the French fleet, and conferred various honours upon them. On the 9th he reviewed the fleet at Cowes, and on the 12th he returned to London. On the 14th the King left for Marien- bad, in order to undergo his annual ",cure," and met the aged Emperor of Austria at Gmunden, on his way thither. Her Majesty the Queen left London for Copenhagen on September 7, and two days later the King returned to town. His Majesty held a great review of Scottish Volunteers at Edin- ibnrgh on the 18th, when nearly forty thousand men were under arms. The King afterwards proceeded to Glenquoich and Balmoral. Oa October 14, the King returned to London from Scotland, and the Queen from Denmark, and commenced a round of important public func- tions. On the 16th they went to the City, in order to lay the foundation stone of the new G.P.O. extension; on the 17th the King received the Paris Municipal Councillors, and on the 18th their Majesties opened the new thoroughfare from tha Strand to Holborn. On the following day the Prince and Princess of Wales left London for their Indian tour, bear- ing with them the good wishes of the whole country. On the King's birthday (November 9), the title and rank of Princess Royal was conferred on the Duchess of Fife. On the same auspicious day the Prince and Princess of WaLes arrived in Bombay, and gave audience to the chiefs of the Bombay Presidency. On the 11th it was announced that the Queen, in order to alleviate the distress among the unemployed, had 1 initiated a fund, and had herself subscribed 2,000 towards it. This generous donation was quickly followed by £ 2,000 from the King and 1,1,000 from the Prince of Wales, and subscrip- tions speedily began to flow in from all quarters. The King's Hospital Fund received a. welcome augmentation on January 3, when the announce- ment was made that Lord Mount Stephen had contributed the munificent sum of £ 200,000 to it. On the 14bh Earl RoOberte unveiled a monu- ment in St. Paul's Cathedral to journalists who felFtn the South African War. Three new bishops were appointe-d to Home sees on March 6. viz., Dr. Talbot (Bishop of Rochester) to the new diocese of Southwark; Dr. Harmer (Bisfliop of Adelaide) to Rochester; and Dr. Gibson (Vicar of Loodsl) to Gloucester. On April 5 Canon the Hon. E. Lyttelton, headmaster of Haileybury College, was ap- pointed head master of Eton, in succession to the Rev. Dr. Warre. On the 8th a number of Army bootmakers in Raunds, near Northampton, dissatisfied with their rate of wages, went on strike and deitelrmined to march to London in order to lay their grievances before the Secre- tary for War. They ,safely accomplished their journey, being hospitably treated en route by the inhabitants of the towns and villages through which they passed. The publicity thus given to their case was the means of an amicable ar- rangement being come to regarding their re- muneration. The young King of Spain, who arrived in London on June 5, was entertained at luncheon by the Lord Mayor in the Guildhall on the 7th. The City was gaily decorated, and King Alfonso received a hearty greeting. Other distinguished visitors were the Prince and Princess Arisugawa of Japan, who arrived, in Londo-n on June 26, and enjoyed the Lord Mayor's hospitality at the Mansion House four days later. On the 26th. Royal Gommifieioii was appointed to in- quire into the revelations and enaiges made by the Butler Committee regarding the manner in which the war stores were disposed of after the cessation of hostilities in South Africa. On July 4 it was announced that the Rev. Dr. F. H. Chase had been nominated Bishop of Ely. The marriage of the'Marquis of Bute and Misa Augusts Bellingham was celebrated at Belling- ham, Ireland, great rejoicings on the 6th. On August 7 the French fleet arrived at Cowes, and the King entertained the superior officers. On the following day the King reviewed the combined British and French Fleets. The French officers were enter- tained at the Guildhall, London, on the 10th, and the sailors on the next day. On the 12th the French officers received the unique honour of being entertained by the members of both Houses of Parliament in Westminster Hall, and on the following day the French fleet left our shores. The Centenary of the battle of Trafalgar and the death of Nelson was celebrated aIr over the Empire on October 21. On the 26th General Booth, of the Salvation Army, was presented with the Freedom of the City of London, and was afterwards entertained at the Mansion House. It was announced on November 2 that Messrs. Yarrow and Company had dooided, to move their shipbuilding yards from the banks of the Thames to the Clyde or the Tyne. On the lOfth Colonel A. B. Hang was appointed principal Conserva- tive Agent in the place of Captain, Wells, re- signed. On the 13th King George of Greece and Prince and Princess Nicholas arrived at Windsor on a visit to the King and Queen, and on the following day a Stafbe Banquet was given in their honour. On the 15th King George was enter- tained by the Lord Mayor at the Guildhall. On the 25th the cruiser Warren was launched at Pembroke.,
!CALAMITIES, CRIMES, AND CIVIL…
CALAMITIES, CRIMES, AND CIVIL I CASES. In the latter part of 1904 public indignation was aroused through the miscarriage of justice in the case of Mr. Adolf Beck. On January 4, 1905, the Treasury paid £ 5,000 to Mr. Beck as some solatium for the terr-lbia wrong done to him. Had not Mr. G. R. Sims taken the case up there is little doubt that the unfortunate man would have been obliged to serve his sen- tence. The police system of identification and the testimony oi handwriting have both been severely shaken by this case, and there is an uncomfortable feeling in the puiblic mind than many other innocent men may be at present undergoing unjust punishment. On January 7 a great tidial wave did, immense damage on the East Coast, sweeping away Scar- borough Pier and destroying miles of coast protection works. This was followed on the 10th by a great cliff fall at St. Margaret's, near Dover. A colliery disaster at St. Helen's on the 16th caused the death of five men and inflicted serious injury on thirteen others; and five days later an explosion at EJbibw Colliery re- sulted in ten men being killed and eight in- jured. On the 19th a serious collision took place on the Midland Railway at Cudworth, when seven persons lost their lives and .many were in- jured. A terrible explosion on Sub-marine A5, caused 'by the, leakage of gasolene, took place on Fe'b- ruary l6th, the victims being sub-Lieutenant and five men kiiied 'and Lieut&mant Good and thir- teen men injured. On March 11 the dangers of coal-mining were again exemplified in a col- liery disaster at Clydach Vale, in which thirty- two lives were lost. I The greatest disaster of the year occurred in India on April 7, when a great earthquake took place, involving the death of some fifteen thou- sand persons, many of whom were Europeans. The Royal Family sent messages of sympathy, and a fund was opened for the benefit of the sufferers which wae liibefaily subscribed to both in this country and in India. On the 8th cf th aaane mouth a rervoir butist, near Madrid, and four hundred lives were lost in the surging flood that burst forth. The young King was early on the scene of disaster and actively as- sisted in the work of rescue. On the 13th the bodies of a woman and two children were fpund j in a 'box which had been stored with other fur- niture at Kensal-riee, London. They were proved to be the wife and children of a man named Devereux, whom he had murdered, and he was shortly afterwards tried and executed. On May 11 one of (thooe accidents for which American railways have such an evil notoriety took place, when a train on the Pennsylvania RaHway ran into a dynamite car, and the -confie- quent explosion resulted in twenty persons being killed outright and over a hundred injured. On the same date a terrible tornjydo visited Okla- homa Territory, U.S.A., killing and maiming hundreds of the population. Two Naval dieasters took place in the month of June. On the 8th, Sulbmarine AS sank off Plymouth and fifteen of the crew were drowned and on the 14th an explosion took place on board H.M.S. Magnificent, whereby one officer and four men were killed, and four officers and four- teen men injured. On July 11 a disastrous colliery explosion oc- curred at WatLatown, Glamorgan, wherein over 100 lives were lost. On the 12th an accident on board H.M.S. Implacable off Gibraltar, led to nine persons being killed and injured and on the 21st an explosion on Llüte U.S. gunboat Ben- ningrton at San Diego resulted in 270 casualties. On the 27th twenty lives were lost in an accideni to an electric train on ihe Lancashire and York- shire Railway near Liverpool. A railway acci- dent at Witham on the Great Eastern Railway on September 1 caused the deaths of eleven per- sons, while over forty were seriously injured and on the Ilth a disaster on the New York "Elevated" Railway resulted in 45 persons being killed and injured. On November 18, the L. and S.W. Railway siteamer Hilda was wrecked during a fog off the French coast, near St. Malo, and 128 lives were lost: and on the same date a German torpedo boat was sunk in collision with a loss of 33 of her crew. On the 19tb thirty-nine lives were lost through a fire at a Glasgow lodging-house. On Decemher 5, a large portion of the roof of Char- ing-cross Station, London, gave way, resulting in seven persons being killed, and vibout forty injured. ————————————
FOREIGN AND COLONIAL.I
FOREIGN AND COLONIAL. t RUSSIA. In foreign affairs on the Continent public attention iias been, principally centred on the internal state of Russia. Our own quarrel with Russia over the North Sea. outrage was happily settlted by a Commission, which assembled in.. Paris on January 9, and issued its report on February 25. On January 15 a great strike took place in St. Petersburg, and 80,000 men were idle. On the ldtli, an ominous and suspicious incident took place. On that day the Czar attended the ceremony of the Blessing of the waters of the Neva, and from one of the cannons firing the usual salute a piece of shrapnel was fired, which whizzed over the pavilion in which the Czar stood. The follow- ing Sunday, January 22, will for ever be known as "Bloody Sunday," in Russia. A number of unarmed men and women were on their way to the Winter Palace, to lay their grievances before the Czar, when they were ridden down and mercilessly slaughtered by the Cossacks and other troops, hundreds of men and women being killed and wounded. On the 31st there were serious disordere. at Warsaw, and on February 17 the Grand Duke Sergius was assassinated at Moscow by a bomb. On March 16 a bomb factory was discovered in Moscow, leading to gome 300 arrests. The blessings of religious liberty and freedom of conscience were conferred on the Russian people, nominally at least, by an Imperial Ubfise, dated April 30. This, how- ever, had no effect in pacifying the population, as, on the very next day a general strike was de- clared at Warsaw, rioting took place, and 250 persons were killed and wounded by the mili- tary. On May 9 a disgraceful massacre of the Jews took place at Zhatomir, in South West rr" Russia. A bom!b explosion took place in Warsaw on the 19th, killing three men, and on the 24th, Prince Kakashidze, Governor of Baku, was killed by a bomb. On June 15, the Grand Duke Alexis resigned his position as Commander-in- Chiielf of the Russian Navy, an office for which he had shown utter incapacity. The Czar re- ceived a deputation on the 19ih from the Zemstvo and municipal authorities, and pro- mised to convoke a national assembly. On the 21st rioting broke out at Lodz, which was re- newed on the 23rd and 24th, when it is stated that over 2,000 persons were killed and wounded by the military. On the 27th a mutiny took place on board the Russian battleship Kniez Potemkin, when several of the officers were murdered. Odessa was shelled by the mutineers, and the harbour was completely devastated by incendiarv fires, while thousands of people were killed and wounded in conflict with the troops. The crew of the transport Vecha also mutinied, and at Lilbau sailors of the Imperial Navy re- volted, and sacked barracks &ad storehouses. On July 1 disorder again broke out at St. Petersburg, and a general strike was declared. Oil the 8th the mutineers on..the Kniaz Potamkin surrendered to the Roumaiiiaai The Czar and ICaieer liad. a. dramatic meeting on the 23rd, onboard the German Imperial yacht in the Gulf of Finland. On October lOili a strike took place at Moscow, and the troops ami police behaved in a brut,al manner to the strikers. On the 23rd a great railway strike was begun, and all the principal towns were isolated. On the 30th the Czar issued a Manifesto granting all the principal demands of tihe reformers. Riots took place in Odessa on November 1 and 2, re- sulting in a greaAi massacre of Jews. This in- sane hatred of the Jews showed itself in other parts, of Russia, and a general massacre took place on the 4th. On the 9th a mutiny of soldiers and sailors took place at Kronstadt, and on the 14th a great mutiny broke out at Vladivostock. Another mutiny took place at Seibastopol on the 26th, which was not suppressed until the 29th. On the 27th the whole of the members of the peasants' congress at Moscow were arrested. I THE WAR IN THE FAR EAST. When the year opened it was evident that Port Arthur was in dire straits, a permanent breach having been made in the main defences, and all the leading positions being in the hands of the Japanese. On January 2, General Stoessel, seeing that further resistance was use- less, surrendered to General Nogi. From January 25 to 29, 'the great battle of the Hun river was fought, when the Russians were de- feated with -an estimated loss of 13,000 men. On March 12 the battle of Mukden took place. Marshall Oyama reported that he had captured 40,000 prisoners and 60 guns, besides enormous quantities of ammunition and stores, while he estimated the Russian killed and wounded at 90,000. On May 27 and 28 the great naval battle of the Sea of Ja/pan took place, when Admiral Togo sank or captured 23 out of the 26 ships of the Baltic Squadron. The Russians lost 3,000 piiisoners and about 7,000 killed in action or drowned; the Japanese lost three torpedo boats and 537 men. This crowning disaster induced the Czar to lend a favourable ear to President Roosevelt's suggestions for a, Peace Conference; and, pre- liminaries being arranged, the envoys of both countries met at Portsmouth, New Hampshire, U.S.A., on August 9. After prolonged negotia- tions the basis of a. treaty of peace was agreed upon, and was eventually signed. By it Japan gains (1) absolute supremacy in Korea; (2) the evacuation of Manchuria by Russia, and the re- turn of that province to Chin a,, (3) the surrender by Russia of the Liaotung Peninsula, with Port Arthur and Dalny; (4) the important and valu- able Eastern Railway from Harbin to Porjt Arthur; (5) possession of the southern and most valuable half of Sakhalin Island (6) fishing righltB in Siberian waters; and (7) payment for maintenance of Russian prisoners.
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The jnrasfce-jr of Ouliton Workhouse iafomi^ the Mu&foud' and Lotihan-glstnd Board of GUM., daiwie, in Suffolk, ttoaifc >fchere is in the infirr-rary, Mutiny veteran named Wa<rman, who> m EXUTF&LIED io pension of 1B. Id. p«JX day. TW tttsurcl deoded to t*uke a shilling per day, wfaidb iwm> WnmuBO • penny a diay.
i PARLIAMENTARY AND POLITICAL.
PARLIAMENTARY AND POLITICAL. The fifth Session of King Edward's first Parliament met on February 14, 1905, and con- cluded its labours on August 11. The Speech from the Throne did not indicate a large number of measures of the first importance, and it was hoped that rapid progress would be made with legislation on the principal questions to be dealt with, viz., the redistribution of seats, alien immigration, the relief of the unemployed, and the settlement of the Scottish Churches dispute. These hopes, however, from various causes, were not raised. The Redistribution Bill was not proceeded with. The second reading of the Aliens Bill was not carried till the beginning of May. The Scottish Churches Bill was even later, it being July 12 before the second reading was carried. The Unemployed Bill met wiltih aIn unexpected amount of opposition, and was not carried until the closing days of the Session. Some excuse for such slow progress and inadequate results may be found in the fact that out of ninety days on which Government business had priority up to the middle of July, only twenty were available for legislative work. During the Session the House of Commons again acted up to its popular title of the ing-shliip." Although legislation was sparse, debate was plentiful atnd verbose. Such sub- jects as the fiscal question, Chinese labour in South Africa, Army reform, the troubles in Macedonia, the Brussels Sugar Convention, the national expenditure, and Irish labourers, formed themes, and were all introduced into the debate upon the Address, which lasted for twelve days. On March 8, Mr. Winston Churchill brought forward an abstract motion condemning pre- ferential duties; the Government met it by carrying the "previous question" by 302 votes against 260. On other motions on the same subject being brought forward, Mr. Balfour advised' hie followers to take no part in such dis- cussions raked by private members, and con- I sequently various motions, condemning changes in the existing fiscal system were allowed to be carried without divioiom This policy encouraged Sir H. Campbell-Bannerm&n to protest, on May 22, against a supposed alteration tn Mr. Balfour's position as to the Colonial Conference, and when Mr. Lyttelton, as Colonial Secretary, rcae to state the policy of the Government, he was howled down, on the ground that the Prime Minister at once to reply. The Deputy- Speaker, after endea;vouring in vain to quell the tumult, adjourned the House "without question put," on the ground of "grave dis- order." The Government declined to pledge themselves against the assembling of the Colonial Conference in the autumn, but Mr. Balfour pledged himself not to submit to the delegates any definite fiscal proposals before the next General Election. The Chancellor of the Exchequer introduced his annual Budget and Finance Bill on April 10. Two-pence in the pound was taken off tea, and £1,000,000 was set aside for increasing the Sinking Fund.. During the Session many official changes took place, beginning with Mr. Wyndham's resigna- tion of the office of Chief Secretary for Ireland. His successor was Mr. Walter Long, whose appointment allayed, to some extent, the irrita- tion felt by Irish Unionists at the alleged coquetting of Mr. Wyndham with members of the Nationalist party. The removal of Mr. Long from the Local Government Board was necessarily followed, by other changes. Mr. Gerald Balfour took the office thus vacated, and Lord Salisbury took the place of Mr. Balfour at the Board of Trade. Lord Selborne having accepted the High Commissionership of South Africa, in succession to Lord Milner, his place as First Lord of the Admiralty was filled by the appointment of Lord Cawdor, chairman of the Great Western Railway Company. Lord Onslow left the Presidency of the Board of Agriculture to take up the duties of Chairman of Committees in the Upper House, in succession to the late Lord Morley, and! was succeeded in his former office by Mr. Ailwyn Fellowes. Mr. Gully, the universally-respected Speaker of the House of Commons for more than ten years, announced his intention to retire, owing to fail- ing health. Mr. James William Lowther, who had been Chairman of Ways and Means and Deputy-Speaker since 1895, was unanimously chosen to fill the position, and was succeeded in the Chairmanship by Mr. Grant Lawson. Mr. Gully was raised to the peerage in due course by the title of Viscount Selby, and was voted an annuity of E4,000 a. year for life. There is a. general concensus of opinion that Lord Lansdowne's conduct of Foreign affairs and his leadership of the House of Lords during last Session reflect the highest credit upon him. The debates in the Upper House have been con- ducted with dignity and decorum, and it is a pity that the, delay in the passing of Bills in the Lower House kept the Lords during the greater part of the Session -with but little, to do, while during the last few days of the Session Bills were brought up to them an rushed through in a way that left little time for discussion and consideration. The contested elections have, as a rule, gone against the Government. On January 7, Staleybridge election resulted fo the Libera! candidate, Mr. J. F. Cheetham being returned by a majority of'951; on the 12th the Hon. H. Lawson succeeded in retaining Mile End for the Government by a. majority of 78; on the 26th Mr. H. W. Wills (Liberal) gained a seat in Dorset by 909 votes. On February 22 a by-election at Ever ton, gave the Unionist can- didate a majority of 1,311; on March 2, Mr. L. Jones was elected for Westmorland by majori-tv of 220; on the 4th Buteshire was lost to the Government by the narrow majority of 34. On April 5, Mr. G. Loder (Unionist), unexpectedly lost his seat at Brighton by 817 votes; and o. June 3, Lord E. Tallbot. (Unionist) succeeded in retaining his seat at Chichester by a majority of 412. On June 29, the Government sustained1 a defeat at East 'Finsbury, the Libertl J. A. Baker, winning the seat by a majority of 768. 1 On July 3, Mr., II. Stavely Hill (Unionist) was i returned1 fot* the Kingswinford Division of Staffordshire by 603 majority on the 10th the TJnionist candidate, for West Down retained the seat by 1022 votes; and on the 14th Mr. F. w" Chance (Liberal) retained the seat nt Carlisle for his party by a majority of 1,030. On September 9 M'r. J. Sutherland (Liberal) was returned for the Elgin Burghs by a majority of 1,453, and on the 1.4tb Sir Daniel Dixrfn, the., official Unionist candidate for North Belfast, wia-f? returned by 474 votreB mors tlJan those polled by the Independent Unionist candidate, On December 6 Mr. H. F. Compton, the Unionist candidate for New Forest Division, retained the seat for his party by 199 votes. On November 23. Sir H. Campbell-Banner- man, speaking at Stirling, proclaimed himself in favour of Home Rule for Ireland, and was promptly replied to by Lord Rosehery, who, at Bodmin on the 25th, pronounced against Home Rule, and declared that he won hi not fight under that banner. On December 4 it was thiilt, the Government hiad decided, to resism., and on the following morning Sir H. Camnbell-T^annerman had an interview with the Kinq, and agreed to form a Ministry. The list of the ww Cabinet was officially made known on the 10th December, and on the following day the -outgoing Ministers' save up their seals of office, while the new Ministers received them from the King.
I GENERAL. I
GENERAL. Although differences have arisen between vari* ous Powers during the past year, there has happilv been nothing which has proved to be beyond the power of diplomacy to adjust. The United States was obliged to send an ultimatum to President Castro of Venezuela, and to break off negotiations with him, before that autocratic ruler could be brought to his senses, and it is doubtful if good oolaltionshipsl can ever be re- sumed so long as he holds office. A great strike of German miners took place in January, throw- ing 21o,000 men out of employment. On- the 26th January a diamond, weighing 3,030 carats, was found in the Premier Mine, Transvaal, which will rank as one of the world's biggest gems. An auspicious event, which took place on the 23rd of February, was the completion of the Simplon Tunnel between Italy and Switzerland. The work took six and a half years, and both in length and in cost of construction it beats all existing records. On the 18th March an agree- ment was signed between this country and Italy regarding Stoiroaliland, deflniing each other's spheres of action. The troublesome natives of Crete set up a "National Assembly" on 26th of March, and clamouredfor union with Greece, but Prince George informed them a few weeks later that the Powers declined to accede to their wafeh. On. the 31st of March the Kaiser paid an ill-timed and ill-advised visit to Tangier,, which has helped to sefr back the -affaiira of that un- settled country. Lord Belborne- bATite been appointed High Commissioner for Sowfcib Africa, Lord Milner sailed for home on the 4th of April, aifter eight years of strenuous and loyal service during a critical period in the history of South Africa. On the 6th of April President Lorybet met the King, who was ôn1 bis way to Marseilles, and had a bng and friendly conver- eiation with him. On the King's return from the Mediterranean, three weeks later, he spent a weai in Paris, and laid broad and deep the foundations of L'Entente Cordiala which it ia to be hoped will permanently remain. On the 2&tJll April, Letters Patent for a Constitution were granted to the Transvaal, and the blessings elffroo constitutional government are now ex- tended to that colony. A munificent gift from Mr. Carnegie of E2,000,000 was announced on the 27th of April, to form a pension fund for proifessors of educational establishments in the United States, Canada, and Newfoundland. On the 27th of May, King Oeear refused to sanction the Norwegian Consular Bill, and therefore, on the 7th a June, he was deposed by the Nor- wegian Storthing. An appeal to the country showed that the Norwegians were practically un- animous in desiring separation from Sweden, and the Swedee, havê relucl,antly assented to t.h e inevitable. On June 8 Germany invited the Powers to a Conference on Morocco, to which France and England assented with certain re- servations. Severe fighting took place in Southern Nigeria on June 17, where a British force wa's ambuscaded, and twelve men killed and wounded. Some friction took .place in India between Lord Curzon and Lord Kitchener re- garding Army reform. The India Office ap- proved of Lord Kitchener's scheme and sug- gestions, on which Lord Curzon threatened to resign. The British Fleet arrived at Brest on July 13, and were received with great rejoicings by tha inhabitants1. On August 7 the people of Norway finally decided to separate from Sweden, there being a large majority at the polls in favour of secession. Lord Curzon formally resigned the VioeroyaMy of India on August 20, and Lord Minto was appointed his successor. On Septem- ber 26 the text of a new Treaty with Japan was published, and was well' received by the people of both countries. The"marriage of Duke Charles of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha and Princess Victoria wa.s solemnised on October 11. The China Squadron of the British Fleet- arrived at Tqkio on Octo- ber 12, and all ranks received an enthusiastic welcome. On the 23rd it W36 announced that the King intended to confer the Order of the Garter on the Mikado, and to raise the Lega- tion at Tokio to the rank of an Embassy. On the 31st the Norwegian Storthing agreed to offer the Norwegian throne to Prince- Charles of Den- mark, and this decision was approved by the phonic through a referendum. On November 6 univemal suffrage was proclaimed in Austria, and on the same day there was serious rioting at Prague. Prince Louis of Battenberg, with the Second Cruiser Squadron, arrived at New York on the 9th of November, and were cordi- ally welcomed. On the same day the Prince and Princess of WaLes. arrived at Bombay, and on the following day the Prince laid the foundation- stone of the new Alexandra Dock. On the 15th the Prince and Princess arrived a;t Indore. On November 16 it was announced thalt Prince Charles of Denmark had accepted the offer of the Norwegian, crown. On the 17ith the new Vicero- of India, the Earl of Minto, arrived in Bombay, and on the following day the Prince and Princess of Wales reached Udalpur, pro- ceeding to Jaipur, where the Prince shot his first tiger, on the 21elfc. On the 28th the Prince -and Princees arrived at Lahore. Sir Arthur Nicolson was appointed: British Ambassador in St. Petersburg on November 27. DISTINGUISHED DEAD. Death has taken a heavy toll of distinguished men during the past year. Among the members of the upper House who have obeyed their last summons are the Earl of Montalt (January 9), Earl Cairns (January 14), Lord Kinross (January 22), Bishop Lewis, of Llandaff (January 24), the Earl of Kenmare (February 9), the Earl of Southeek (February 21), the Earl of Morley (February 26), Lord Chelmsford and Lord St. Helier (April 9), Earl Stannope (April 19), Lord GriMtliorpe (April 29), Lord K,cxmalljr (June 2-1), Earl Cowper (July 19), and Lord Inverclyde (October 8). The House of Commons has not been 130 heavily hit as the House of Lords, and no M.P. of particular prominence has died. Louise Michel, the political firu-brand (January 9), and Madame Loubet, mother of the Presi- dent (January 15), were two Frenchwomen of very diffeoonlt types who passed ruway within a few days of each other. The Grand Duehesa of Saxe-Weimar died on Janurary 17, and Lady Florence-Dixie on November 7. Among the distinguished soldiers who answered the last roll-call are the names of Colonel F. Rhodes (September 21), and Sir Donald Stewart (October 1). Art is the poorer by the loss of G. H. Boughton, R.A., the drama, has lost its leading light in the person of Sir Henry Irving (October 13), literature has to mourn the deaths of Guy Bootlhby (February 26), and Jules Verne (March 24). Diplomacy has loot M. de Lessar, Russian Ambassador to China (April 21), and John Hay, Americaii Secretary of State (July 1). Philanthropy misses from its ranks Dr. Barnardo (September 19), and Sir George Williams (November 7). The English Colony in Paris have lost their doyen 0 in Sir Edmund Blount (March 15), medicine has lost Dr. Bobson Roose (February 12), agriculture mourns Sir Jacob Wilson (July 11), and a Dot- able Highland chieftain has departed in tb person of Oameron of Lochiel (November SO).
-THE PRINCE'S TOUR.
THE PRINCE'S TOUR. The Prince and Princess of Wales arrived at Lucknow on December 26. In reply to an address of welcome, the Prince spoke of the historic associations of the city. Resaid: The name of Lucknow is very precious to us at home. It is a part of our history of which we are proud. None of us can forget the signifi- cant fact commemorated in the monument. erected by Lord Northbrook to the brave Iiidian.9 who fought by our side. I am told, and I believe it, that the same feelings which in- spired them animate the people of Oudh to-day." The Prince concluded by wishing the city all the prosperity which could attend the capital of the garden of India." The Prince subsequently laid the foundation of a new medical college; and afterwards paid a visit to the Residency, and inspected Mutiny veterans.
PRIZE SOAP COMPETITION.
PRIZE SOAP COMPETITION. Our readers will find on reference to an adver- tisement in another column that the British Empire Soap Company, Limited, have hit upon an attractive scheme in connection with the intro- duction of new toilet soaps. This consists of an interesting competition, with a first prize of;2100 in cash, ten prizes of £ 10 each in cash, twenty prizes of £5 each in cash, fifty prizes of £ 2 each in cask and one hnndred prizes of El each in cash.
UNEMPLOYED HORROR. i
UNEMPLOYED HORROR. i A terrible story of a poor out-of-work' end comes from Ploermel, near Paris. Vincent. 1..0 Marrec left his home in September last in Search of work. From that time his family had not heard of him. Two cultivators from the village of Legal en Plouay were work- ing in a deserted place when their attention was attracted by a human head swinging in the breeze. It was held! to the 'branch of a troeÐ by the flesh of the neck. On the ground lay a iaas« of bones and decomposed! flesh, a blouse, and a pair of shoes. The blouse and the boots were recogniseul1 as belonging to the unfortunate workman, Le Marrec, who had! hanged himself through despair at not being alble to find employment. Afterwards his body had been devoured by wolves, which infest the neighbourhood.
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