County Observer and Monmouthshire Central Advertiser Abergavenny and Raglan Herald Usk and Pontypool Messenger and Chepstow Argus

THE CONGO COURTS. I One hears such contradictory stories]about the Congo State that it is very difficult to arrive at the real truth; but, in any event, it is safe to say that the Congo Courts do not command the confidence of people in this country, and that it was in the highest degree necessary for the Colonial Secretary to take such precautions as he adopted for the fair trial of the Rev Edgar Stannard. Sir Edward Grey added, in his letter on the .subject, that if the case should prove to have been unfairly conducted, his Majes- ty's Government will have to consider whether the time has come to establish a British Consular Court for the protection of other British subjects against whcm similar charges may be brought." That would be a sufficiently reasonable request; indeed, the only wonder is that the Powers have not long insisted upon the establishment of Consular Courts, where their subjects could be tried in the Congo Free State. One wonders what our friends and allies, the Japanese, think on this question, seeing illat for many years they were notjpermitted to try foreigners in their Courts, and that it w s only in July, 1899, that the.Consular jurisdiction was abolished. 'Thiewas the first time that an Oriental State had ob- tained such recognition, but it is safe to say that fur some years prior to 1899 the Jap- anese Courts had maintained a higher standard of justice and procedure:than that which exists*in the Congo Free State at the-present moment.

IM» IT | IF HrAROHERAC$njS GQLDEH RETURNS | -ao RED :<i;r.i\fl l1li1 ¡Ii /Cic-simile of One-Ounce Packet. Archer's Golden Returns The Perfection of Pipe Tobaeeo. COOT" SWEET. AND FRAGRANT.

I The Trouble with Turkey. I The Egyptian frontier dispute, which has called for decisive action on the part of his Majesty's Government, is only a new phase of a very old policy on the part of Turkey. It may be tat the Sultan, having heard that there had been a change of administra- tion in this country, thought that he might 0 15 find the new Ministry more complaisant than their predecessors had been, but if that was his hope he was fated to be rudely awakened. There is, happily, in Britain, an increasing tendency towards continuity ia all international questions, and, if he thought he would be able to exploit the differences of parties in the same way that he has exploited the jealousies of the Powers, he was mistaken. Britons of all classes have reason to be proud of the work which their able representatives have ac- complished in Egypt, and after being at some pains to complete an agreement with France it was scarcely likely that Britain would permit any interference with her work on the part of a Power like Turkey Of course, if the Sultan had any legitimate claim to the territory which he has occupied, the matter was one which ought to have been considered, and there would have been no sympathy for the Power which, relying upon its superior strength, merely adopted the attitude of J'y suis et j'y reste." But it is obvious that in such matters we must I FOLLOW THE CANONS of civilised nations. When Egypt was freed from the control of the Porte, the posses- sion of these territories was confirmed by Turkey to the Khedive, who became virtually an independent sovereign, and has since continued to regard this particular area as a part of Egypt. As late as 1892, upon the accession of the present Khedive, this understanding was endorsed by the Porte. In these circumstances, it might have been supposed that Turkey, having discovered that there was some mistake in the arrangement which had been in force at any rate since 1866, would have made a formal intimation of her claim, but instead of doing that she proceeded to occupy the territory with troops. The Khedive, acting in concurrence with his Majesty's Govern- ment, repudiated this extraordinary claim, but offered to consent to the appointment of a joint commission to rectify the frontier. One condition only was inserted, that Turkey I SHOULD WITHDRAW HER TROOPS, I and this the Sultan refused to do. His I Majesty's Government, knowing how the prestige of Britain would suffer in the eyes Z5 of the Egyptians, and other people as well, c,Y insisted upon the withdrawal of the troops, but this course the Sultan refused to adopt, alleging as an excuse for his hih-handed 0 In proceeding that Mahometan pilgrims to the Holy Places were obstructed by the British and Egyptians. This also was a new plea, and it was an unfortunate one, because the British Empire, it happens, contains more Mahometans than the dominions of the Sultan, and all the world knows that Britain has a high reputation for the respect and tolerance which she extends to the religious scruples of the non-Christian races who own her rule. Shrewd and cunning as he may be, Abdul Hamid does not seem to understand the art of laying claim to territory that does not belong to him, nor does he seem at first to have per- ceived that which has since dawned upon his mind that in this matter the voice of his Majesty's Government is the voice of Britain.

The Rural Housing Question. During the past sixteen years three Acts of Parliament have been passed with the object of facilitating the housing of the working classes. It might, therefore, be C, 10 supposed that the necessary machinery was already in existence for the purpose of enabling the local authorities to build, but, in practice, it is found that for a variety of reasons the statutes have failed to produce any appreciable result in the rural districts. Mr Mackarness, in moving the second reading of the Housing of the Working Classes Acts Amendment Bill, quoted Mr Gerald Balfour as having stated in March last year that only 32 cottages had been built by rural district councils in England and Wales, and Mr John Burns supple- mented these figures with the latest infor- mation that only 44 houses had been erected. In the course of the debate, there was no very clear agreement between the speakers as to the causes of this failure, so far as the rural districts are concerned. Mr John Burns spoke of a general apathy, and even indifference, on the part of the coun- cils, and Mr Winfrey of a landlord who refused to sell at less than L200 an acre. No doubt both these difficulties do exist, although there is reason to believe that the case referred to by Mr Winfrey is a very exceptional one, and that in those days of ALMOST CUBONIC AGRICULTURAL DEPRESSION there are many landlords who would be glad enough to sell at any reasonable price. The Bill, however, proposes to deal with both these questions. It is suggested that individuals should be empowered to take the initiative in order to stimulate apathetio or uu willing councils to act, and that the Local Government Board should be authorised to proceed by mandamus to oompol rural councils either to carry out their duties under the Acts or else to transfer the whole of the duties and powers of the rural coun- cil in this respect to the county council. What is to happen if the county council is as reluctant as the local authority the Bill does not say. but where the landlord is the stumbling block it is intended to meet the case by giving the council compulsory powers of purchase. So far the liill pre- sumes an unwillingness on the part of those whose co-operation is necessary, but it must not be forgotten that there are, in some cases, very strong reasons why the rural district council is slow to build. As Mr Long pointed out, the rateable value of some of the rural districts is exceedingly smll, and his experience has been that in some of the areas, where the problem is most acute, the rateable value is the least. This is really a very serious difficulty for which the Bill only very partially provides, by extending the period for the repayment of loans, and enabling the Public Works (Loans) Commissioners to lend at 2| per cent. Mr Long's remedy lies in the direc- tion of EXTENDING THE AREAS, I and making the expenditure a charge on the country. That may meet the necessities of the case, but, in any event, something must be done to assist rural districts with a small population and a relatively small rateable value. Another obstacle which has presented itself to landowners who have sought to build cheap cottages is found in the building bye-laws, which, in many dis- tricts. impose totally unnecessary restric- tions such as are requisite only in urban localities. Mr Long is of opinion that no blame can be attached to the Local Govern- ment Board in this respect, and Mr Burns is in favour of Lord Hylton's measure for simplifying building bye-laws in exclusively rural districts. It is evident from all that was said in the course of the debate that if the question is to be dealt with on anything like the lines proposed by Mr Mackarness, it will be necessary to give a good deal of attention to details, and perhaps, on the whole, the most satisfactory course which can be adopted is that suggested by Mr Burns, viz., the reference of the Bill to a Select Com nittee, with a view to legislation on the whole subject next year.

I THE "LOAFER," Some people may have thought that the remark of a minister at the Baptist Union Conference to the effect that men who would not work should be flogged twice a week was a little ferocious. The speaker, however, has had some experience in this matter, and he knows what he is talking about when he speaks of men who call themselves unemployed, but are firmly re- solved that they will never do any work. Now and then we find men of this class charged at the police-court with refusing to maintain themselves, and more frequently with neglecting to support their families. There was one at a Metropolitan Police Court the other day, who said he had not done any work for twenty years, and he did not intend to do any. Such men as these cast discredit upon the genuine unemployed, and generally manage to get their full share of any funds intended for the relief of really deserving people. It is not likely that the drastic treatment suggested by the pastor will be adopte 1, but at the same time there is no occasion to treat these loafers too complaisantly.

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Football. I USK'S RECGRD. I The season just concluded has been one of the worst on record in the annals of the Usk Club, they having played 25 matches, lost 16, and won only 9. Usk scored 10 goals (one dropped) 32 tries (152 points). Usk lost the first match to Chepstow, by a dropped goal to try, the Wyesiders emerging victorious in the last five minutes, after a keenly contested game. Cwmbran beat them the following Saturday by a rather substantial score. As usual, they were able to beat Monmouth Grammar School, and then followed four more losses in matches with Monmouth, Risca, Croesyceilog, and Penarth A. They scored a creditable win over Newport Extras, and in succession lost to Cwmbran, Cross Keys, and the Old Monktonians (Cardiff). They had, therefore, only won two matches up to Christ- mas. They registered a win against Croesy- ceilog on Boxing day, at home, only to be beaten in the four following matches by Monmouth, Risca, Newport Extras, and Stroud, the Newportonians winning by a rather large score. They then just managed to beat Mon- mouth Grammar School at Usk by a try to nil, and the following Saturday lost to Cross Keys Usk then beat Croesyceilog and Newport Electrics in succession, but lost to Machen on two occasions, singu'ar to remark, by exactly the same score—1 goal to nil. They closed the season in good style by successive victories over Newport Electrics, Pan teg, and Chepstow, the performance against the latter being the bent of the season. The reason for the poor record is probably to be attributed to a couple of the best players having left the Club and to the scarcity of players generally. In the early part of the season, the threequarter line was constantly being changed. The forwards have done well all through, and are not to be blamed for so many defeats, the most prominent amongst them being Frank Prothero and the brothers Marfell. Irvin Lewis and Fred Waters played many excellent games at half, but, with the exception of about three matches, the display of the threequarter line was poor in the extreme Timms was the most consistent of the line, although, at times, Reg. Haggett and Harold Morgan showed good form. As the two latter are young, they should develop into capital players. The full back position was chiefly occupied by Frank Davies, but he fell short of his usual form. ——————

New County Magistrates. I The following gentlemen have been placed npon the commission of the peace for Monmouthshire by the Lord Chancellor u po" the recommendation of Virfcount Tredegar, the lord-lijutell "It of the county: Mr William Barrow Harrison, St. Julian' Abertillery. Mr William Rosper Jackson, Rtyrnney. Mr Henry Keyes Jordau, The Knoll, Clytha Park, Newport. Mr Benjamin Nicholas, Oaborua House, Ponty- pool. Mr Jamas Straker, Abergavenny. Mt Leoline Forestier-Walker, Park House, Bhiwderiu, Newport.

0 For Printing of all Descriptions try the County Observer Office.

THIRD CLASS SLEEPING CARS. 1 It was a little hard upon the Midland Bailway Company that they should be selected for opposition to the Bill which they are promoting, because this particular Company have been in the forefront in the matter of enterprise and enlightened policy. Nevertheless, the proposal of an amendment by Mr Morton will not do any harm, and -will rather operate aa a hint to all the Com- panies whose trains travel long distances, that they are expected to provide sleeping accommodation for third class passengers, and that if they do not, the House of Com- mons may have something to say on the subject. Third class passengers must ac- knowledge with a certain amount of grati- tude that there has been, during the past few years, a great improvement in the accommodation provided for them by the imora enlightened Companies, but, then, gratitude is said to be a lively sense of favours to come," and the public are apt to think that there is still room for some fur ther concessions. The demand for third class sleeping cars is not unreasonable, and the provision of them would undoubtedly result in an increase of of passenger traffic.

x v v I IT IS ABLE TO X V k J SUPPORT LIFE." CUP OF coco/! KIT contains more iiotir j-nk r.l than 10 cuj-S of ny ord.r ary cocoa, and is ah; olnte'y Jree from chemicals. ¥ P^|M| In Tins, 9d., r I f la. 4d., ft 2s. 8d.

SAN FRANCISCO. The fire having been extinguished, con- fidence is restored to the people of San Francisco, who cherish a strong hop6 that there will not be any serious renewal of the earthquake shocks. Meanwhile, the results of the successive disasters are only too apparent—" the land as a garden of Eden before them, and behind them a deso- late wilderness." Considerably more than half of the city was destroyed, but the peo- ple appear to have been provident in the matter of insurance, and, with characteris- tic American energy, they have already set about the task of re-building It is under- stood that San "Francisco will avoid the lamentable mistake of which London was guilty after the great fire of 1666, and that the city will be re-built on a definite plan, with a view to making it one of the finest in the world. For the poorer inhabitants, the people who never had any immovable property, there has been an abundance of elp from all parts of the States, and, in- deed, kind-hearted persons were so eager to save the San Franciscans from starvation that the accumulation of food stuffs became a veritable embarrassment.

tS ICostl/-Sai^e10/-3 .Wood-Milne u H  i C OrMtwr   M<3C!j Comfort   L IUSIL Y FIXED. Will stand 12 month tt unte*a <tMnped  'Wood.Jll11ne'on the J ttee. Sold every- SPECIALCUAL[W .,r whom

The Retirement of Dr. Ruiherfoord Harris. Dr Rutberfoord Har'is has decided to retire from Parliamentary life owing to the extreme difficulty he finds ia attending to it:4 duties. At a special meeting of the Council of tho Dulwich Conservative Association, on Thursday night, his letter tendering bis resignation was read and accepted. In it the hou. member stated that he found it necessary to retire because he felt that at the present juncture the Unionist party in the House of Commons should be well supported iu the matter of attendance by Unionist members. He submitted a proposal that Mr Bonar Law be invited to contest the constituency in the Imperial interests. The resolution was carried unauimously. Mr Law's reply will be read at another meeting on Monday. It is understood that the candidature of Mr Alfred LytteWou would have a large amount of official Unionist support. The Central News says:—Dr Harris's reason for taking this otep is understood to be that, owing to important financial interests in Japan, necessitating his visir, to that country every year, he cannot give sufficient time to his Parliamentary duties.

The Vacancy on the Monmouth- shire County Council I It is announced that Mr L. Foster Stedman has been asked to contest the Caerleon Division of the Monmouthshire County Council in suc- cession to Mr Thomas Parry, who has been raised to the aldermanic bench, and enjoys the unique distinction of being the only councillor unanimously elected under such conditions.

REALLY OLD. I The distinction of being the oldest living thing 19 claimed by Mexican botanists to belong to a cypress tree of Chapultepec. Its trunk is 118ft. in circumference, and from the annual rings it is assigned an age of about 6,200 years.

ONZ-BIDXD CONQUESTS. I There have been at least five wars in which one side only won all the engagements and suffered no defeats. In that between the United States and Mexico in 1845-8 the Mexicans got the worst of every encounter, from pitched battles to fights between parties of rangers and guerillas. In the Indian campaigns of 1845-6 and 1848-9 the British won every battle and skirmish. Prussia did the same in the Austro-Prussian War in 1866. Lord Napier won the Abyssinian War in 1867 without a single reverse, and Lord Wolseley conducted the Soudan Campaign with equally unbroken success. »

NURSERY RHYMES. I It Would appear that our forefathers have so nenopoliied the field of nursery rhymes that no idea has been left for moderns to work upon. "Sing a Song of Sixpence" ia as old as the sixteenth century. "Three Blind Mice" is found in a music book dated 1609. The Frog and the Mouso" was licensed in 1580. "Three Children Sliding on the Ico" dates from 1639. "London Bridge is Broken Down" is of uu- fathomable" antiquity. "Boys and Girls Come Out to Play" is certainly as old as the reign of Charles II., as is also" Lucy Loekct Lost Her Pocket," to the tune of which the American song of "Yankee Doodle" was written. "Pussy Cat, Whero Have You Been?" is one of the age of Queen Bess. "Little Jack Horner" is older than the seventeenth century. The Old Woman Tossed in a Blanket" is of the reign of James II., to whom it is said to allude. Many other rhymes have interesting histories.

DOWBL PINS. I Knoient temples of Egypt are supposed te eontain the oldest timber in the world, in the shape of dowel pins, which are incorporated with stone work, known to be not less than 4,000 years old. These dowel pins are thought to have been made from the tamarisk or shittim wood—in ancient times a sacred treeÎn Egypt. and now occasionally found in the valley of the Nile.

A CURIOUS COAL STJPPLT. I Among the flotsam and jetsam cast up oy me restless ocean, there is nothing more remarkable in its way than the vast quantities of coal that are deposited with every spell of rough weather. From the mouth of the Tecs to the Hartlepools, a distance 01 over three miles, these deposits lie in huge quantities on the foreshore; but there in, perhaps, no point on the north-east coast more favoured in this respect than the Bay of Hartlepool, whore the set of the tide brings m the coal in enormous drifts after a gale of strong easterly wind. No satisfactory solution has been adduced as to the source of this strange narveat of the sea, and while some attribute it to the friction of the waves upon the exposed surface of a supposititious seam of ooal lying ^P ocean bed, the more probable theory is that it is the product of the innumerabl e wrecks which have occurred on this part of the coast in bygone generations. In the days before the advent of steamers, the coal carrying trade between the Tyne and the Thames was performed by fleets of wooden ships known as colliers. There was no Plimsoll at that time, the shipowner had a free hand, and it is to be feared that, as his cargo was invariably over-insured, he cared little whether the vessel reached its destination or not. Be this as it may, it is undeniably true that winter storms took a terrible toll of these Aranky craft, which were often run ashore and left to break up at the pleasure of the elements. As a result of these ever-recurring disasten, thousands upon thousands of tons of coal were deposited at the bottom of the North Sea, and it is from this source, doubtless, that the large quantities of the mineral come, which now find their way on to the seaahofe all along the coast dsoi* Tyne to Teee.,

Salving the Preston's Cargo. -1 11 Corunna, Friday. The work of salving the cargo of the wrecked steamer Preston has commenced. The crew leave for Liverpool to-day.

The Sultan and. Egypt: Ambassadors' Advice. I Paris, Friday. The Petit Parisien says that the French, Italian, and Russian Ambassadors, at Constantinople, have urged the Sultan to adopt a more reasonable attitude in the Egyptian dispute.

Crew of the Anglo-Peruvian Saved. The steamship Mohawk, passing Prawle Point to-day, signalled that she bad on board the crew of the steamship Anglo-Peruvian, which foundered in the Atlantic after a collision with an iceberg.

The Yarmouth Election Petition. At Yarmouth election petition enquiry to-day, Mr Dickens ex- pressed his distrust of Baker's evidence.

Railway Collision near Leicester. -1 I Two railway men were injured and several waggons smashed in a collision near Leicester last night.

IVewmarket Races. The One Thousand Guineas. Result: Sir Daniel Cooper's. Flair 1 Mr W. M. G. Singer's Lischana 2 Duke of Portland's. Paid dp 3 Twelve ran.

The Weather. I Unsettled weather predicted, -1

Stocks. I Stocks steady Americans j lower, 'ma^^ » nr LOIIIED and Publi, bodby uTHB COUNTY OBSBRVPM,' NEWSPAPER and PBINTINO COMPANY, Limited, by JAMES HENRY CLABK, at their Offices, Bri ge Street Usk, in the County of Monmouth, Saturday, May 5th, 1906.

0 ASSELL MAGAZINE Brightest and Best of the Magazines-Profusely Illustrated Throughout. Famous for the Excel- lence of its Short Stories. The Foremost Writers and Artists only. 1 Monthly, Sixpence. 11111111111111111111 Cassell's j Magazine 11111111111111111111 Monthly, Sixpence. Amongst the Contributors are MARIE CORELLI, RIDER HAGGARD, HALLIWELL SUTCLIFFE, ROBERT BARR, BART KENNEDY. PETT RIDGE, TOM GALLON, JOHN OXENHAM, M. E. BRADDON. Cassell & Co., Ltd., London; andof aW Newsagents and Bookstalls. :<t!\ '1 >(;}. ft(;i ;:é-> CASSELL'S MAGAZINE n One Rsnny THE (ASICAL Horan j JOA&NAL^ J Wednesdays Id. Unheard-of value to everyone r I ^WHQBMKV interested in music. New copyright Songs and Puces "i weekly—Sacred Songs, Ballada, Coon Songs, Humorous Songs—Music for the Piano, "Represents a valnt Organ, Harmonium, Violin, of 8s."—-Manchester Banjo, etc. etc. Full music Evinmg News. sjZCi Its contributors include names of such world-wide renown as H. Trotire, Clifton Bingham, y. Ord Hume, Ezra Read, Milton Wellings, Ed. St. Quentin, Theo Bonheur. Interesting and helpful Articles and Chat on musical matters. A Complete Story Weekly. Bargain Counter" for the Purchase, Sale and Exchange of Musical Instru- ments, Music, etc. Qusstions and Answers on Musical Difficulties; Replies Paid For. Prize Competitions with Valuable Prizes Alsa Monthly, 6d. CASSELL «• COMPANY, Ltd., London; and of all Bookstalls and Newsagents. ti Ma illuutattd, iouftioi fof )imattom 1 Every Thursday, Id. An admirable The Gardener abounds in pictures journal for 0f choice flowers, illustrated gar- iferden dening hints and diagrams of ines- amateur and". timable value to both the amateur professional." and professional gardener. A —St-James's feaiure of unique interest is Top* Gaxette. ical Tables," which tells the gar. dener what to do now, and how to do it in the most eflfectiva way. Other distinctive features are Pictorial Practice-Garden Gossip-Vegetables- I Current Work in the Garden (an Illustrated Weekly Cal- endar for all classes}—-Illustrated Ideas-Fruit-Roses- Chrysanthemums—Trials and Troubles (in which the gardening difficulties of readers are discussed and solved)—Covent Garden Market Report. To the amateur, "The Gardener" makes gar- dening doubly enjoyable; to the professional it makes it doubly profitable. CASSELL & COMPANY, Ltd., London; and of all I Bookstalls and Newsagents. *X\VOR K.4T THE ILLUSTRATED WEEKLY i. JOURNAL OF^HANDICRAFTS J Fridays, ld. "There is not To all of a practical turn of mind" a person WORK is invaluable. It shows you lea^n^from v to a^out the house 'Work* how and in the garden which you would • • • • to make otherwise have to pay to get done.- a living." Diagrams and working drawings are —Saturday given for making all kinds of things Review. for the home. The "Questions and Answers" $ection has proved, its practical value to readers in all parts of the world. Readers of WORK add handsomely to their incomes in their spare time. WORK makes your hobby pay. Also Monthly, 6d. CASSELL é- CO MPANY, Ltd., London; and of J Boo kstalls and Newsagents. j..

Markets. I CAIRLIB(IX MAT FAIR. Tuesday.—The fair was held as usual on the Qoldcroft Common, (I-erleon. All the best known dealers from the Midlands, the Wei-t of England, and all parts of South Wales were present. The quality of the stock was below the average, and business was not brisk. Heavy cart horses changed hands from £ 25 to X40, break horses from £ 18 to £20. and ponies S10 to 911. A larger number of cattle were shown than for mtiny yeats past, but the quality was n t good. Store cattle chauged hands as low a* 4:9 each. Pigs were well represented. Sows and litters were bought for f,9 to .£10 10a, and store pigs at 22a 6d each. CHBPSTOW, CATTLI, Tuesday.—A large supply and brisk trade. Best beef, 6id to 6f 1; seconds, 6d: veal, 8d to 10d; wether mutton (in the wool). 9d to 91d; shorn, 7id to 8d ewes, 8d; lamb, lid to Is; porkers, 9a 6d to 10a 6d; bac mers, 9s to 10s. NHWPORT, OORN, Wednesday.—A steady tone prevailed with the usual attendance. Wheat was firmly held at unchanged prices. Flat maiza sold at 6d per quarter advance on the week. OAt-4 were unchanged, and barley met a quiet demand at last week's figures. Flour (fliiee) changed bauds at 24s per sack. NBWPORT. CATTLB, Wednesday.—There was the usual supply of cattle, sheep, and lambs on offer here to-day, with an abundant supply of calves, but an inadequa e supply of pigs. Trade ruled brisk in all quarters, and there was a large atten- dance. Quotations:—Beat English beef, 6id per lb; best Irish cattle, 6d to i inferior sorts, 6d to 6id; fat cows, 411 to 5fd; best wether mutton-in the wool, led: shorn Sid; ewes, 7d 2 to 8d; lambs, lid to Hid; calves, 7d to 8d. Pigs Porkers, 118 to lis 6d. NEWPORT, CHHBSB, Wednesday.—A good brisk demand. A supply of eight tons was pitched. Quotations aerpbillys 40a to 50s, fancy dairies 51* to 53s, Derbys 5 is to 56s, Cheddars 663 to 08s, and truckles 6 Js per cwt.