Papurau Newydd Cymru

Chwiliwch 15 miliwn o erthyglau papurau newydd Cymru

Cuddio Rhestr Erthyglau

14 erthygl ar y dudalen hon

L NOTES ON NEWS.

Newyddion
Dyfynnu
Rhannu

L NOTES ON NEWS. An interesting but significant report on the decline in the agricultural population of the country, compiled from observations made by agricultural correspondents, competent and well qualified, in every county, has been issued by the Board of Agriculture and Fisheries. Although farmers and graziers have declined by 1,432 in twenty years from 1881, farm, bailiffs. and foremen increased by 4,422, and shepherds by 1,89L7, agricultural labourers have decreased to the alarming extent of 294,627, and whereas there used to be 983,000, there are now only 689,000. Mr. R. H. Row, who makes the report, remarks that the loss of 2,000,000 acres of arable land in Great Britain in the twenty years probably threw out of work from 60,000 to 80,000 labourers, but the main cause of the decline is put down to the extended use of labour-saving machinery. Whereas twenty years ago labour-saving machinery was employed by comparatively few, it has now become almost universal on all lioldings of sufficient size to make its use prac- ticable. An absolute disinclination for work on the land on any terms is noted as a characteristic of the labouring class, particularly of the younger generation, and complaints that the methods of education in the rural elementary schools foster this distaste are made in many of the reports. It is admitted generally that the higher wages and superior social advan- tages afforded by employment in other indus- tries and the attractions of town life lead, in very many cases, to a deliberate and calculated abandonment of rural labour, while in about thirty counties a specific cause of discontent is a deficiency of adequate or satisfactory hous- ing accommodation. The picture of the state -of agriculture is somewhat gloomy, but en- couragement for the future lies in the evidence of the extent to which farmers have adapted themselves to the times by taking up the cul- tivation of fruit and vegetables, the rearing of poultry, and other so-called subsidiary in- dustries. The extension of dairy farming, by which the home producers have met the ever- increasing requirements for milk, is, perhaps, the most striking example of their enterprise. One would not expect to find wheat growing upon a sand hill or a. slag heap, but this is what we may expect to find if all that Pro- fessor Bottomley tells about were to come true. Lecturing at the Imperial Institute he explained a process whereby both green and corn crops could be grown practically on a pavement. Were it necessary, England could, lie said, in four years' time, grow all the wheat wanted for home consumption, and have some to spare. The secret of it all is nitrogen. A poor soil lacks nitrogen, which the farmer introduces into his soil by means of manure, only to take out again in crops. But now a nitrogen-producing bacillus has been dis- covered, from which a culture can be prepared that will fertilise the stoniest soil. Professor Bottomley held between his thumb and fore- finger a small piece of cotton wool so saturated with these organisms that it would fertilise an acre. Soil once inoculated requires no fur- ther attention for years, and the cost of the inoculation is about a penny an acre. So that if it can be brought into use there is hope of seeing the desert blossoming like the rose. We hear a good deal nowadays of muscular development, and many of our young men de- light in showing their biceps, but a striking .1 indictment of modern methods of physical training is made by Staff-Surgeon A. GaskcU in an appendix to the annual statistical re- port of the health of the Navy for 1905. He maintains that the really strong man is not the man of giant physique and great muscular development, but the man who is constitu- tionally sound and who has all the parts of his body working in perfect unison. From his own" experience he says the physically strong man stands the inroads of disease surprisingly badly, and he has known several glaring ex- amples of men who were admired for their marvellous muscular development, but who were quite unable to apply their strength in any useful way. Physical culture, Staff-Sur- geon Gaskell declares, should always have an ¡ end Jn view bearing on the man's avocation, the first thing to be taught in all physical cul- ture is the avoidance of strain, and next the imperative duty of keeping the mouth open. Breathing exercises are most useful, and a good brisk walk in the fresh air, with free breathing and good style, is as useful a. form of physical exercise as any he knows. Well deserved was the honour paid to the Duke of the Abruzzi by the presence of the King and the Prince of Wales at the lecture which the Duke gave before the Royal Geo- graphical Society on his successful exploration I of the vast range of mountains in mid Africa known as the Mountains of the Moon," know- ledge of which has up to the present been very imperfect. The Duke, though only 34, is a fearless explorer, and he has "crowded into his life many stirring adventures. When only twenty-three he led an expedition to the sum- mit of Mount St. Elias, in Alaska, and has mit of Mount St. Elias, in Alaska, and has made a gallant attempt to reach the North Pole. Success crowned his last journey into the heart of Darkest Africa, and he has now explored the mountains, of which little was I known until they astonished Stanley in 1-888, has ascended the highest peaks, and charted the whole tange, while to the topmost sum- mits, which crowned his efforts, he gave the names of Margherita and Alexandra, in order that under the auspices of these two Roval ladies--the memory of two nations mav "be handed down to posterity—of .Italy, the name of which resounded for the first time on these snows in our shouts of victory, and of EIW- land, which in its marvellous Colonial expan- sion carries civilisation even to the slopes of these remote mountains. It is strange to learn, on the authority of Mr. Sidney Lee, that if we want to learn our language we must go to America. He was presiding at the meeting of the recently- formed English Association, which he thinks is sadly needed in our country, where the teaching of the language and literature is practically neglected. In advanced English scholarship America, Germany, and France are outdoing our own country. The development of English teaching in America is rendering j the rank and file of the American people more accurate readers, more accurate writers, and Mr. Lee would have added, "if President Roosevelt had not 'darkened counsel lately" more accurate spellers of the English langu- age than the rank and file of our own people. One lives and learns. Our cousins from across theherring-pond are more often accused of murdering the English language than of speaking it perfectly, and if it really be a fact that we are worse than they, then we must be in a very bad condition indeed.

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FISHING FLEET DISASTER. t…

THE ARBROATH DISASTER.

! LITERARY CHAT.

WALMER SHOOTING CHAtlGE.

IBALACLAVA HERO DEAD. I

CURIOUS MARRIAGE TANGLE.I

———————————I PRINCE ATTEMPTS…

IARRESTED AFTER SEVEN YEARS.…

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INEWS IN BRIEF. I

TRAIN IN THE WRONG LINE. )

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